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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bhutan

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bhutan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bhutan"

1

PESIC, VLADIMIR, and HARRY SMIT. "First records of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from Bhutan, with description of two new species." Zootaxa 1613, no. 1 (October 12, 2007): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1613.1.3.

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New records of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from streams in Bhutan are presented. Two species new to science are described: Sperchon himalayus sp. nov. and Torrenticola bhutana sp. nov. Furthermore, the first records from Bhutan are given for Monatractides tristis (Lundblad), Testudacarus tripeltatus Walter and Sperchon cf. indicus Kumar et al.

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2

Chhetri, Ramesh Kumar, and Sangay Wangchuk. "Understanding the Efficacy of Bhutan’s First Ever Certificate Course in Social Work." Asian Social Work Journal 6, no. 2 (May 2, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v6i2.159.

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With the transition of political, economic and social scenario in Bhutan, the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) have been expanding over the years. Bhutan has more than forty registered CSOs and the numbers are still growing. However, paucity of trained social workers in Bhutan has compelled the CSOs to recruit employees with varying degrees. To mitigate this, Samtse College of Education (SCE) of the Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) launched Bhutan’s first ever certificate course in social work. So far, two cohorts of participants have been trained. This study was designed to understand the efficacy of Bhutan’s first ever certificate course in social work from the vantage point of the participants. It adopted a convergent parallel mixed method design, primarily employing questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews. The study found the certificate course to be highly effective in enhancing the professional competence of the social workers in Bhutan. It is believed to have been an “eye-opening experience” for most social workers who ventured into this profession, without relevant training. The study recommends SCE and RUB to provide similar certificate courses to the thousands to untrained social workers in Bhutan.

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3

Pešić, Vladimir, Harry Smit, and Mer Man Gurung. "Neumania bhutana sp. nov. a new water mite from Bhutan (Acari, Hydrachnidia: Unionicolidae)." Ecologica Montenegrina 54 (July 6, 2022): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.54.7.

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4

Lham, Dechen, Sonam Wangchuk, Sue Stolton, and Nigel Dudley. "Assessing the effectiveness of a protected area network: a case study of Bhutan." Oryx 53, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001508.

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AbstractAn assessment of management effectiveness was carried out for all the protected areas in the Kingdom of Bhutan. During 2014–2016 the Royal Government of Bhutan developed a custom-made tool for assessing management effectiveness: the Bhutan Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool Plus (Bhutan METT +). This was implemented in Bhutan's 10 protected areas and one botanical park, and the results were verified through field trips and expert reviews. The assessment indicates that protected areas in Bhutan are well managed and there are generally good relationships with local communities, despite an increase in livestock predation and crop damage. However, effectiveness is limited by a low level of resources (both financial and appropriate technical resources) and by gaps in monitoring and research data, which limits the ability to understand the impact of conservation, react to changing conditions and undertake adaptive management to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Bhutan is in the midst of mobilizing considerable conservation funding. The Government is working in partnership with WWF to create an innovative funding mechanism for the protected area system: the Bhutan for Life initiative. The Bhutan METT + study provides an example of how to develop a baseline against which to measure the effectiveness of protected areas over time and assess the impact of conservation inputs.

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5

Kumar, Pranav. "Sino-Bhutanese Relations." China Report 46, no. 3 (August 2010): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944551104600306.

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Historically the interaction between Bhutan and China was through Tibet. The annexation of Tibet by China and the later uprising in Tibet instilled a sense of fear in Bhutan causing it to close its northern border in 1960. However, Bhutan adopted a more open policy in the 1970s gradually increasing the contacts between the two neighbours. Border talks which started in 1984 resulted in an agreement in 1998 on maintaining peace and tranquility along border areas. While China and Bhutan neither have diplomatic relations nor any legal trade, growing Chinese interests in South Asia encompass Bhutan as well. Bhutan, therefore, faces the dilemma of not hurting the interests and sentiments of its traditional friend India while at the same time needing to respond to Chinese overtures and to solve the border problem peacefully and urgently; in the Sino-Bhutanese relationship, the Indian element remains the most important variable. The dynamics of the Sino-Indian relationship and Indian and Chinese strategic interests and activities in the Himalayas will be crucial in shaping Bhutan’s policies towards China.

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6

Dorji, Kinley. "Comparing Examination Modes in Finland and Bhutan's Education System and Suggestions for Improvement." International Journal of Qualitative Research 3, no. 1 (July 27, 2023): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijqr.v3i1.949.

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This research paper delves into the assessment and examination systems of primary and secondary education in Finland and Bhutan. It analyzes Finland's exceptional performance in PISA and its assessment practices, emphasizing formative assessment and project-based learning. In contrast, Bhutan relies more heavily on standardized exams. The study identifies major similarities and differences, strengths, and weaknesses in both countries' examination modes. It investigates how these variations impact student learning outcomes in each nation. Through a qualitative comparative analysis research design, the paper focuses on exploring the examination methods in Finland and Bhutan's education systems. Based on the findings, the research proposes practical strategies for enhancing Bhutan's examination system. It suggests integrating formative assessment, introducing a blended approach in secondary education, and promoting research-based projects to improve the overall examination methods in Bhutan. While the study may not directly influence policy, it provides valuable insights into Finland's successful practices, which can be adapted to benefit Bhutan's education system.

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7

Jabłońska, Elżbieta. "Buthan - droga ku demokracji." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 1 (November 28, 2014): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.1.8.

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The text attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the most important events and factors which have influenced the establishment of democracy in the Kingdom of Bhutan. On March 2008, Bhutan officially transformed from absolute monarchy to a modern constitutional monarchy by the successful conduct of its first parliamentary elections and the promulgation of the Constitution. Fourth King of Bhutan, His Majesty Jigme Singhye Wangchuck (referred to as “the father of democratic Bhutan”), finalized a long -term vision of democratization and decentralization by giving executive power to the Council of Ministers (Lhengye Zhungtshog). Both the moral foundation, the idea of Gross National Happiness (GNH) and enlightened monarchy has been the factor that determines and organizes the social and political life in Bhutan. GNH assumes that the real development is possible only when there is a balance between economic, social, emotional, spiritual and cultural needs. The Bhutan’s way to democracy is undoubtedly successful and the hard political work which has been ongoing for years, is still evolving.

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8

Nga, Le Thi Hang, Tran Xuan Hiep, Dang Thu Thuy, and Ha Le Huyen. "India–Bhutan Treaties of 1949 and 2007: A Retrospect." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 4 (November 27, 2019): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928419874547.

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This article is an attempt to relook at the treaties of 1949 and 2007 between India and Bhutan and argues that the 2007 Treaty is the outcome of the evolution and maturity of Bhutan as an independent and sovereign state, that it is imperative for India to make constant adjustments in its foreign policy towards Bhutan to secure its influence in the tiny but important country and maintain the strength of India–Bhutan bilateral relations. From the side of Bhutan, it is also important to have an ‘alliance shelter’, and India is best suited to meeting Bhutan’s needs for political, economic, societal and strategic shelter. 1 By using a historical approach, this article shows why it was necessary for the two countries to renew the 1949 Treaty in the first decade of the twenty-first century. The article uses historical methodology, in combination with interdisciplinary methods such as comparative analysis, generalisation, and expert interviews. Major sources for the paper include the texts of the Treaties, speeches by political leaders and published articles and books by international writers, including writers from India, Bhutan and Vietnam.

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9

Locke, Jessica. "Buddhist Modernism Underway in Bhutan: Gross National Happiness and Buddhist Political Theory." Religions 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11060297.

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This article synthesizes and clarifies the significance of the last half-century’s developments in Bhutan’s politics within the frame of Buddhist political thought. During this time, Bhutan has held a curious position in the international community, both celebrated as a Buddhist Shangri-La defending its culture in the face of globalized modernity, and at times, criticized for defending its heritage too conservatively at the expense of ethnic minorities’ human rights. In other words, Bhutan is praised for being anti-modern and illiberal and denounced for being anti-modern and illiberal. As an alternative to understanding Bhutan vis-à-vis this unhelpful schema, and in order to better grasp what exactly is underway in Bhutan’s political developments, I read Bhutan’s politics from within the tradition of Buddhist political literature. I argue that the theory of governance driving Bhutan’s politics is an example of Buddhist modernism—both ancient and modern, deeply Buddhist and yet manifestly inflected by western liberalism. To elucidate Bhutan’s contiguity with (and occasional departures from) the tradition of Buddhist political thought, I read two politically-themed Buddhist texts, Nāgārjuna’s Precious Garland and Mipham’s Treatise on Ethics for Kings, drawing out their most relevant points on Buddhist governance. I then use these themes as a lens for analyzing three significant political developments in Bhutan: its recent transition to constitutional monarchy, its signature policy of Gross National Happiness, and its fraught ethnic politics. Reading Bhutan’s politics in this manner reveals the extent to which Buddhist political thought is underway in this moment. Bhutan’s Buddhist-modernist theory of governance is a hybrid political tradition that evinces a lasting commitment to the core values of Buddhist political thought while at the same time being responsive to modern geopolitical and intellectual influences.

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Namgay, Tashi. "Nation’s waste on the scale: The first Bhutan waste inventory report." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200742.

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Knowing the quantity and the composition of waste is essential to designing and delivering sound waste management policies and waste management systems. Bhutan’s 12th Five-Year Development Plan emphasizes effective waste management as one of its key performance indicators and globally, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the importance of waste in two of its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. In 2019, the Bhutan National Statistics Bureau undertook its first ever survey of solid waste management. The survey covered waste generating sectors including households, commercial units, institutes, health centers, industries, Government offices and vegetable markets. Results show Bhutan generated more than 170 metric tons of waste daily – equivalent to 170,000 kilograms of sugar. More than 50 percent of solid wastes came from households, almost 50 percent was food waste, and around 50 percent was potentially recyclable. The survey posed many challenges for Bhutan, a land-locked least developed country in the Eastern Himalayas in South Asia, yet provided the opportunity to strengthen stakeholder engagement in the Bhutan National Statistical System and delivered statistics which meet a practical use for Bhutan and its people.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bhutan"

1

Caspari, Thomas. "The soils of Bhutan parent materials, soil forming processes, and new insights into the palaeoclimate of the Eastern Himalayas /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=977822664.

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2

Tsering, Dechen. "Public biodiversity policy analysis in Bhutan /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13800.

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3

Dorji, Tshewang, and n/a. "Transfer of learning from the Out-country Training Programs (Ministry of Education, Bhutan) Royal Government of Bhutan." University of Canberra. Education & Community Studies, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070122.131430.

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This study explores the effectiveness of the out-country training programs, undertaken by the Ministry of Education personnel in Bhutan, between the period 1999 and 2003. The particular emphasis is on the Transfer of Learning. The transfer literature shows that there are several factors affecting the transfer process (Baldwin & Ford, 1988; Cheng & Ho, 2001). They range from trainees� personal characteristics through training design to organisational support. The transfer process is also said to differ according to the types of organisations, types of training, and duration of training (Holton et al., 2003). While some factors can be influenced by the organisation, some may be beyond the control of the organisation. Therefore, transfer evaluation should focus on those parts of the transfer system that the organisation can influence (Noe, 2000). Baldwin and Ford�s (1988) theoretical framework was adapted to help answer the research questions. This framework is based on the concept that the transfer of learning is governed by several pre-conditions viz. pre-training motivation, training design and work environment factors. These three pre-conditions consist of several factors, and have been placed under three stages of the training process: pre-training, training and post-training. Through the perspectives of trainees and their supervisors, this research can look back into all the three stages of the transfer system and identify what parts of the transfer system need intervention (Holton et al., 2003). Both quantitative data and qualitative data have been used. Quantitative data were collected using a trainee survey questionnaire, and the qualitative data were gathered using trainee in-depth personal interview and supervisor structured interview. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive normative figures, means, percentages, tables and graphs. The Software Product for Social Studies (SPSS) has been used to generate the descriptive figures, means and percentages. On the other hand, dominant themes of the qualitative data have been extracted and grouped in rank order. The training process was split into three main stages, pre-training, training and post-training, in order to assess the effectiveness of the whole training process through self-reported data. The questions were geared towards ascertaining the trainees� motivational level prior to training, quality of training and work environment factors that have affected the process of transfer. Overall, the trainees participated in their training with a good level of pre-training motivation. However, trainees� attitude towards their training changed once they experienced the training. For example, the level of perceived ability to transfer learning to workplaces by the trainees in the academic category reduced after they experienced the training. Perceived utility of the training differed between job utility and career utility. While trainees in all the categories foresaw job utility of their training to be positive, a few trainees in the technical category did not foresee career utility of their training. There are several direct and indirect factors that affected the transfer process. The direct factors include excessive workload, inadequate requisite materials and mismatch of jobs and skills after training. On the other hand, the indirect factors range from lack of clearly laid training objectives to lack of monitoring and evaluation after training. The lack of these main elements in HR system limited opportunities for trainees and their supervisors to ensure transfer of learning acquired from training. On the whole, the out-country training programs were effective. However, there is a great scope for optimising the benefits of out-country training programs and enhancing the rate of transfer. The Ministry of Education needs to streamline and strengthen its HRD system, particularly in terms of clearly identifying training objectives and pursuing monitoring and evaluation after the training.

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4

Chewang, Karma. "Continuous assessment in Bhutan, science teachers' perspectives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0002/MQ46239.pdf.

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Dolkar, Tshering. "Perceptions of early school leavers in Bhutan." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0024/MQ62122.pdf.

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6

Ugyen. "Sustainable management of renewable systems in Bhutan." Thesis, Ugyen, . (2012) Sustainable management of renewable systems in Bhutan. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/17324/.

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The Kingdom of Bhutan is a small country sandwiched between the two large countries in Asia, in terms of size and population. To the north lies China and India to the south, east and west. This is a country which follows the development philosophy of “Gross National Happiness” in contrast to the conventional economic parlance called “Gross Domestic Product”. A reliable, affordable and sustainable supply of energy to its citizens is seen as one of the main inputs to a nation’s well being and growth. To this end, Bhutan strives to achieve 100% rural electrification by 2013. To meet the above target in time, Bhutan faces a unique challenge. To extend the grid to every nook and corner of the country is technically infeasible and economically prohibitive. Other options, like small and micro hydropower systems and solar home lighting systems, are widely used to accelerate rural electrification programmes. Through provision of such modern forms of energy services, the lives of rural people have generally improved. However, Bhutan faces a series of sustainability challenges to keep such systems operational in the long run. Many projects have failed over the years and, even today, such projects are difficult to sustain without the government’s subsidy. The main objective of this research is to diagnose the critical sustainability issues in the context of renewable energy projects and to understand their long term prognosis through an integrated approach. In order to achieve the higher goals of sustainability, it is essential to address the root cause of the problems, rather than prescribing end of the pipe technical fixes. In this study, four renewable energy projects are reviewed and evaluated using a lifecycle sustainability matrix framework. The following are some of the key findings revealed through this research: 1. In terms of overall sustainability, the scores of small/micro hydropower projects are better than the solar projects in Bhutan. 2. For all the four projects reviewed, the sustainability scores are high during the time of planning and design phase, but decrease as and when the projects progress into the implementation and Operation and Maintenance stages. 3. A very low tariff structure for grid connected households is seen to be the main dissuading factor for people to accept off-grid options. 4. The projects have failed to stimulate income generating activities. The key recommendations include the need to have a holistic project development approach in Bhutan, where the sustainability factors are consistently addressed and monitored throughout the project lifecycle. There is also disparity in terms of subsidy from the Government between those households connected to the grid and off-grid options. The Government needs to review its energy policies to strike a better balance. Further, provision of energy services do not necessarily guarantee automatic uptake of economic activities in rural areas. The Government needs to explore avenues to provide easy access to finance and markets for the people.

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7

Wangchuk, Phurpa. "Bioactive alkaloids from medicinal plants of Bhutan." Thesis, Department of Chemistry - Faculty of Science, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/315/.

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Natural products had been indispensably used by many cultures and traditions in folklore medicines for thousands of years. These traditional medicines cater to about 85% of the world population for their primary health care needs. Natural products have been intensively explored also for their bioactive pharmacophores by modern pharmaceutical companies. In fact they are the skeletal framework of about 60% of the modern drugs that are available today. Of these, about 80% of antibacterial drugs and 90% of antimalarial drugs are natural derivatives. One of the interesting secondary metabolite groups which provides these potent drug leads are the alkaloids. Owing to their broad range of bioactivities, bioprospecting for these natural products are undertaken in many countries. In this study, on the molecular basis of traditional medicine of Bhutan, particularly those with potential antimicrobial components, four alkaloid positive medicinal plants, i.e. Aconitum orochryseum Stapf, Corydalis gerdae Fedde, Rununculus brotherusi Freyn and an Australian naturalized plant Tribulus terrestris Linn, but also used in Bhutan, were selected for phytochemical analysis. Bhutanese traditional medicines use Aconitum orochryseum (whole parts) for the treatment of bilious fever or high fever related to bile disorders including cold and flu, fever of bile (liver), fever caused by malaria, snake bites and for treating blood infections. Corydalis gerdae (whole parts) is used for the treatment of malaria and infections. Ranunculus brotherusi (aerial parts) is used for treating wounds, pus, infections and as antipyretics. Tribulus terrestris (fruit) is used for the treatment of arthritis, kidney diseases and as a diuretic. Though Tribulus terrestris and Ranunculus brotherusi failed to give any alkaloids, a number of new as well as known alkaloids were isolated from Aconitum orochryseum and Corydalis gerdae. Three new hetisane type diterpenoid alkaloids named orochrine, 2-O-acetylorochrine, and lingshinaline, together with two known alkaloids atisinium chloride and virescenine and six other unidentified alkaloids, were isolated from Aconitum orochryseum. The structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated by ¹H-NMR, gCOSY, gNOESY, TOCSY, ¹³C-NMR, DEPT, gHSQC and gHMBC spectral data analysis. Atisinium chloride, a major alkaloid of the plant, was identified by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Four known protopine type and protoberberine type isoquinoline alkaloids (protopine, scoulerine, cheilanthifoline, and stylopine) along with one unidentified alkaloid were isolated from Corydalis gerdae. The protopine was the major alkaloid of this plant. The alkaloids were identified by MS and ¹H-NMR spectral data comparison. The antibacterial testing of crude methanol extracts, crude alkaloids and the major alkaloids (atisinium chloride, orochrine and protopine) of these two plants were found inactive against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = >125 μg/ml) and Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (MIC = >125 μg/ml). But the in vitro antimalarial assay of crude methanol extracts, crude alkaloids, atisinium chloride, protopine, and cheilanthifoline gave very significant activity against Plasmodium falciparum, TM4 and K1 strains. Crude methanol extract (AO-ME) of Aconitum orochryseum was not that active (IC₅₀ of >10 μg/ml for both the strains). Increased activity was observed for its crude alkaloid (AOCEA) with IC₅₀ values of 20.40 μg/ml against TM4 and 19.20 μg/ml against K1 strains. The activity was further increased for atisinium chloride with IC₅₀ values of 4.02 μM against TM4/8.2 and 3.59 μM against K1CB1 strains. The antimalarial activity was better for the extracts and alkaloids of Corydalis gerdae. Its crude methanol extract (CG-ME) had the IC₅₀ values of 1.00 μg/ml against TM4 strain and 2.56 μg/ml against K1 strain. The activity of crude alkaloid of this plant was far better with IC₅₀ values of 0.33 μg/ml against TM4 strain and 0.63 μg/ml against K1 strain. Protopine had IC₅₀ values of 4.25 μM against TM4/8.2 and 4.29 μM against K1CB1 strains. Cheilanthifoline had the IC₅₀ values of 3.76 μM against K1 and 2.78 μM against TM4 strains. These alkaloids have the potential to become candidates for antimalarial leads. Similar activities may be expected from other alkaloids including new ones isolated from these two plants. Therefore, the combination of these two plant extracts would make the best antimalarial herbal mixture for Bhutanese traditional medicines. The results proved that ethno-directed biorational approach, combined with an alkaloid focus, is an efficient strategy for drug lead discovery. The results also proved for the first time at the molecular level that Bhutanese traditional medicines have clinical efficacy. The medicinal plants of Bhutan thus have potential to provide important new drug leads. Bioprospecting them would benefit local people, pharmaceutical industries and the patients at large.

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8

Wangchuk, Phurpa. "Bioactive alkaloids from medicinal plants of Bhutan." Department of Chemistry - Faculty of Science, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/315.

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Natural products had been indispensably used by many cultures and traditions in folklore medicines for thousands of years. These traditional medicines cater to about 85% of the world population for their primary health care needs. Natural products have been intensively explored also for their bioactive pharmacophores by modern pharmaceutical companies. In fact they are the skeletal framework of about 60% of the modern drugs that are available today. Of these, about 80% of antibacterial drugs and 90% of antimalarial drugs are natural derivatives. One of the interesting secondary metabolite groups which provides these potent drug leads are the alkaloids. Owing to their broad range of bioactivities, bioprospecting for these natural products are undertaken in many countries. In this study, on the molecular basis of traditional medicine of Bhutan, particularly those with potential antimicrobial components, four alkaloid positive medicinal plants, i.e. Aconitum orochryseum Stapf, Corydalis gerdae Fedde, Rununculus brotherusi Freyn and an Australian naturalized plant Tribulus terrestris Linn, but also used in Bhutan, were selected for phytochemical analysis. Bhutanese traditional medicines use Aconitum orochryseum (whole parts) for the treatment of bilious fever or high fever related to bile disorders including cold and flu, fever of bile (liver), fever caused by malaria, snake bites and for treating blood infections. Corydalis gerdae (whole parts) is used for the treatment of malaria and infections. Ranunculus brotherusi (aerial parts) is used for treating wounds, pus, infections and as antipyretics. Tribulus terrestris (fruit) is used for the treatment of arthritis, kidney diseases and as a diuretic. Though Tribulus terrestris and Ranunculus brotherusi failed to give any alkaloids, a number of new as well as known alkaloids were isolated from Aconitum orochryseum and Corydalis gerdae. Three new hetisane type diterpenoid alkaloids named orochrine, 2-O-acetylorochrine, and lingshinaline, together with two known alkaloids atisinium chloride and virescenine and six other unidentified alkaloids, were isolated from Aconitum orochryseum. The structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated by (superscript 1)H-NMR, gCOSY, gNOESY, TOCSY, (superscript 13)C-NMR, DEPT, gHSQC and gHMBC spectral data analysis. Atisinium chloride, a major alkaloid of the plant, was identified by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Four known protopine type and protoberberine type isoquinoline alkaloids (protopine, scoulerine, cheilanthifoline, and stylopine) along with one unidentified alkaloid were isolated from Corydalis gerdae. The protopine was the major alkaloid of this plant. The alkaloids were identified by MS and (superscript 1)H-NMR spectral data comparison. The antibacterial testing of crude methanol extracts, crude alkaloids and the major alkaloids (atisinium chloride, orochrine and protopine) of these two plants were found inactive against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = greater than 125 ?g/ml) and Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (MIC = greater than 125 ?g/ml). But the in vitro antimalarial assay of crude methanol extracts, crude alkaloids, atisinium chloride, protopine, and cheilanthifoline gave very significant activity against Plasmodium falciparum, TM4 and K1 strains. Crude methanol extract (AO-ME) of Aconitum orochryseum was not that active (IC(subscript 50) of greater than10 ?g/ml for both the strains). Increased activity was observed for its crude alkaloid (AO-CEA) with IC(subscript 50) values of 20.40 ?g/ml against TM4 and 19.20 ?g/ml against K1 strains. The activity was further increased for atisinium chloride with IC(subscript 50) values of 4.02 ?M against TM4/8.2 and 3.59 ?M against K1CB1 strains. The antimalarial activity was better for the extracts and alkaloids of Corydalis gerdae. Its crude methanol extract (CG-ME) had the IC(subscript 50) values of 1.00 ?g/ml against TM4 strain and 2.56 ?g/ml against K1 strain. The activity of crude alkaloid of this plant was far better with IC(subscript 50) values of 0.33 ?g/ml against TM4 strain and 0.63 ?g/ml against K1 strain. Protopine had IC(subscript 50) values of 4.25 ?M against TM4/8.2 and 4.29 ?M against K1CB1 strains. Cheilanthifoline had the IC(subscript 50) values of 3.76 ?M against K1 and 2.78 ?M against TM4 strains. These alkaloids have the potential to become candidates for antimalarial leads. Similar activities may be expected from other alkaloids including new ones isolated from these two plants. Therefore, the combination of these two plant extracts would make the best antimalarial herbal mixture for Bhutanese traditional medicines. The results proved that ethno-directed biorational approach, combined with an alkaloid focus, is an efficient strategy for drug lead discovery. The results also proved for the first time at the molecular level that Bhutanese traditional medicines have clinical efficacy. The medicinal plants of Bhutan thus have potential to provide important new drug leads. Bioprospecting them would benefit local people, pharmaceutical industries and the patients at large. [Note: this abstract contained scientific formulae that would not come across on this form. Please see the 01Front files abstract for the full details.]

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9

Chhetri, Kishore Kumar. "Preparing teachers for inclusive education in Bhutan." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/134082/1/Kishore%20Kumar%20Chhetri%20Thesis_Redacted.pdf.

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This research examined pre-service and beginning teachers' understandings of inclusive education, confidence and preparation for teaching in inclusive classrooms. The study was a descriptive case study with twelve pre-service and twenty beginning teachers in six inclusive schools. Research findings inform five recommendations: enhanced training and development of the teachers, enhanced policy and practice including with community, improved teaching and learning materials, better articulation of duties and responsibilities of all teachers, and transforming class size. This study will make a significant contribution to research on inclusive education in South West Asian countries, as well as to the achievement of inclusive education policy ideals in Bhutan.

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Sen, Suparna. "Indo-Bhutan trade relations c.1774 -1907." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1991. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/576.

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Books on the topic "Bhutan"

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Klein, Wilhelm. Bhutan. New Delhi, India: Lustre Press, 2008.

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Günter, Pfannmüller, ed. Bhutan. New Delhi, India: Lustre Press, 2008.

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Program, WWF Nepal, ed. Bhutan. Kathmandu: WWF Nepal Program, 2000.

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pht, Kaka Choki Lhamo, Loday Gyelsey pht, Newell Christopher 1964 pht, Macaulay David ill, Friendly Planet (Organization), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory,, eds. Bhutan. 7th ed. [Cambridge, Mass. (101 3rd St., Cambridge, MA, 02141)]: Friendly Planet, 2003.

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Foote, Daisy. Bhutan. New York: Dramatists Play Service Inc., 2007.

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Wilhelm, Klein. Bhutan. New Delhi, India: Lustre Press, 2008.

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Armington, Stan. Bhutan. 2nd ed. Hawthorn, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2002.

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Pommaret-Imaeda, Françoise. Bhutan. Lincolnwood, Ill: Passport Books, 1998.

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Robert, Cooper. Bhutan. 2nd ed. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2011.

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Pommaret-Imaeda, Françoise. Bhutan. Lincolnwood, Ill., U.S.A: Passport Books, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bhutan"

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Turner, Barry. "Bhutan." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 204–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_129.

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Turner, Barry. "Bhutan." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 204–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_129.

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Dorjee, Sangay. "Bhutan." In Emerging Challenges and Trends in TVET in the Asia-Pacific Region, 61–80. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-391-4_7.

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Turner, Barry. "Bhutan." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 210–13. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_183.

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Heath-Brown, Nick. "Bhutan." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 210–13. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8_185.

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Turner, Barry. "Bhutan." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010, 203–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_129.

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Turner, Barry. "Bhutan." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 204–7. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58635-6_128.

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Turner, Barry. "Bhutan." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 208–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59051-3_177.

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Turner, Barry. "Bhutan." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 210–13. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59541-9_179.

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Turner, Barry. "Bhutan." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 212–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59643-0_180.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bhutan"

1

"Bhutan." In Innovation and Approaches to Vegetable Breeding Technology in Asia. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56669/prmd8758.

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Choejey, Pema, Chun Che Fung, Kok Wai Wong, David Murray, and Dawa Sonam. "Cybersecurity challenges for Bhutan." In 2015 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2015.7206975.

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Viborg Andersen, K., and H. Z. Henriksen. "Reorganizing Government: Bhutan Visa Online." In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2006.415.

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Duba, Kinzang, and Kevin L. Mickus. "GRAVITY ANALYSIS OF EASTERN BHUTAN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318427.

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Tshering, Phurpa, Prirshu Ram Dhungyel, and Leki Yangdon. "Customer Perception on Online Banking System in Bhutan: A Study on Mobile Banking of Bank of Bhutan." In 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icctct.2018.8551040.

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Duba, Kinzang, Kevin L. Mickus, Melida Gutierrez, and Ashley Delong. "GRAVITY ANALYSIS OF THE BHUTAN HIMALAYAN OROGENY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-331591.

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Deki, Sonam, Kinzang Chedup, Tshering Choden, Sonam Wangda, and Tandin Wangchuk. "Feasibility Study of Developing Chat Application in Bhutan." In 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icctct.2018.8550944.

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Duba, Kinzang, and Kevin L. Mickus. "GRAVITY ANALYSIS FOR LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE IN WESTERN BHUTAN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-280079.

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Bhaswar Singh, Kriti, Deepak Tulsiram Patil, and Rahul Khandelwal. "CEOs Compensation and Firm Performance: Evidence from Bhutan." In 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccike51210.2021.9410718.

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Galmarini, Andreas, and Nagtsho Dorji. "Reconstruction of Wangduephodrang Dzong, Bhutan – protecting the heritage and improving earthquake resilience." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1338.

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<p>Wangduephodrang Dzong, an important heritage structure of Bhutan burned to ground. This paper describes the measures developed to reconstruct the Dzong using traditional stone masonry and mud mortar with improved resilience against earthquakes. Intensive discussions with stakeholders lead to minimzed interventions.</p>

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Reports on the topic "Bhutan"

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Pradhan, P. Irrigation development in Bhutan. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.014.

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Fujita, Ayaji, Jigme Lhendup, and Sangay Thinley. Promoting Entrepreneurship in Bhutan. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/usda5186.

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Although Bhutan made significant economic strides since 2000, there were still obstacles to overcome. The country’s dependence on hydropower and tourism made its economy vulnerable to climate change and the effects of COVID-19. As the rate of educational attainment increased and more people sought employment in the public sector, youth unemployment became a serious problem. To diversify its revenue sources, create more jobs, reduce poverty, and improve the welfare of its people, Bhutan introduced policies to support its cottage and small industries (CSIs). Based on the 2019 CSI Policy and the 2019–2023 CSI Action Plan, we describe the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in the renewable and natural resources sector and draw on the perspectives of government officials.

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Abdellatif, Omar, and Ali Behbehani. Bhutan COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/bht0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Suh, Jooyeoun, Changa Dorji, Valerie Mercer-Blackman, and Aimee Hampel-Milagrosa. Valuing Unpaid Care Work in Bhutan. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200065-2.

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A growing body of scholarly literature has attempted to measure and value unpaid care work in various countries, but perhaps only the government statistical agencies in the United States and the United Kingdom have seriously undertaken periodic and systematic measures of the time spent on unpaid work at the national level, and partially incorporated those values into their gross domestic product(GDP). One country that has been ahead of its time on aspects of societal welfare measurement is Bhutan, which produces the Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index. However, until the first GNH Survey, in 2008, Bhutan did not have any sense of the size and distribution of unpaid work, despite its strong societal norms about the value of volunteering and community work. This paper is the first to estimate the value of unpaid care work in Bhutan. It shows the pros and cons of various approaches and their equivalent measures of unpaid care work as a share of GDP. As with similar studies on the topic, this paper also finds that women spend more than twice as much time as men performing unpaid care work, regardless of their income, age, residency, or number of people in the household. The paper also provides recommendations for improving the measurement of unpaid care work in Bhutan.

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Hayashi, Ryotaro, David Raitzer, Xylee Javier, and Milan Thomas. Assessment of Changes in Secondary School Learning Outcomes in Post-COVID-19 Bhutan. Asian Development Bank, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf23329-2.

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Bhutan’s schools maintained their relatively strong performance during the pandemic as access to remote learning, the opening of boarding facilities, and moves to prioritize education for secondary school pupils prevented performance gaps widening. This brief shows how Bhutan tried to minimize the impact of school closures on students, provided social safety nets to vulnerable households, and offered a mix of remote learning methods including television and internet. Analyzing exam grades for the Dzongkha national language, English, and science, it shows how the compensatory actions and steps to ensure continuity for secondary school pupils resulted in little decline in their results.

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Rikhlova, Tatiana. Political administrative map of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Edited by Nikolay Komedchikov and Aleksandr Khropov. Entsiklopediya, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2015-12-15-3.

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Ura, Karma, Sabina Alkire, and Tshoki Zangmo. Bhutan: Gross National Happiness and the GNH index. The Centre for Bhutan Studies, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii016.

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Gyamtsho, P., W. Roder, and K. Wangdi. Feeding the Herds: Improving Fodder Resources in Bhutan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.369.

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Gyamtsho, P., W. Roder, and K. Wangdi. Feeding the Herds: Improving Fodder Resources in Bhutan. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.369.

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Pal, Barun Deb, Tayan Raj Gurung, and Himanshu Pathak. RNR STRATEGY 2040: Bhutan-IFPRI collaboration and beyond. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136433.

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