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1
Mawlong, Martina, and Jiarlimon Khongtim. "Media Consumption among Rural Area Housewives in Ri Bhoi District of Meghalaya: A Survey." Library Herald 60, no. 4 (2022): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-2469.2022.00038.0.
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James Singh, Thoudam, and Subhasish Das Gupta. "Changes in Floral Diversity due to Livelihood Pressures in the Eco-sensitive Zone of Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary in Ri Bhoi District of Meghalaya." Journal of Plant Science Research 39, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jpsr.2023.39.01.8.
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The challenges in the management of diverse flora impacted by anthropogenic factors in areas governed by different land tenure systems are enormous notwithstanding lying in a classified biodiversity hot spot region in Meghalaya in North- east India. The attributes of the plant population in protected areas like Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary (NWLS), Nongkhyllem Forest (NRF), and District Council governed Eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) were studied using Important Value Index (IVI), Shannon’s and Weiner Diversity Index and Sorenson’s similarity index. Shorea robusta C.F.Gaertn., Tectona grandis Linn. L.f., Schima wallichii (D.C.) Korth, had the highest IVI value of 64, 56, 42, etc. respectively, while the diversity index showed maximum values of 0.78 in recorded forest area and minimum of 0.60 under district council area. Similarity index ranged between 16.67 % and 39.22 %. The species richness and diversity in the recorded forest area was higher compared to the forest under the district council. In addition, tree girth and density of other species were determined. The study revealed that the cultivation of betel nut (Areca catechu L.), betel leaf (Piper betle L.), broom (Thysanolaena maxima Kuntze) and banana (Musa spp.) though for livelihood and income generation contributed to vegetation alteration in the district council forest area. Strict enforcement of ESZ laws & creating alternative livelihood opportunities can help minimize biodiversity loss.
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Kharphuli, Bankitbok, Syed H. Mazhar, Dipak Kumar Bose, and Jahanara Jahanara. "Knowledge of the Ginger Growers toward Improved Cultivation Technology in Ri-Bhoi District of Meghalaya." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i8.020.
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The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge of the ginger growers toward improved cultivation technology in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya. A total number of 120 ginger growing farmers were selected proportionately from eight villages under Umsning Block because production, productivity and area under ginger cultivation were found to be maximum. The data were collected by personal interview method by using pre-tested interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out the meaningful result. The findings of this study revealed that majority (65.83 %) of the respondents had medium level of overall knowledge towards improved cultivation technology of ginger followed by 21.67 percent and 12.50 per cent of the respondents with low and high levels of knowledge respectively.
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Das, Khirod Sankar, and Sudipta Choudhury. "A new termite species of the genus Bulbitermes (Blattodea: Isoptera: Termitidae) from Meghalaya, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 3 (March 26, 2023): 22850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7827.15.3.22850-22858.
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A new termite species, Bulbitermes debadiliporum sp. nov., of the nasutiform genus Bulbitermes is described here from the Mawlynnong area of the East Khasi Hills district and Nongkhrah Village of the Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya, India. The species is described based on the soldier & worker castes, and a detailed illustration of the diagnostic characteristics of both the castes is provided here. Soldiers of the species are monomorphic whereas the workers are dimorphic with worker major and worker minor. Worker dimorphism is reported hitherto for the first time among Bulbitermes species of the Indian region. Furthermore, an updated identification key of Bulbitermes species from the Indian region is also provided here.
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Barua, Utpal, Mokidul Islam, and Samir Medhi. "Awareness and Adoption of Climate Resilient Horticulture Technologies by Farmers in Ri Bhoi District of Meghalaya." International Journal of Economic Plants 10, Nov, 4 (November 20, 2023): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.4918a.
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A study was undertaken during the year 2020–2021 in Kyrdem and Sohriewblei villages, Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya, India to find out the level of awareness and adoption of climate resilient horticultural technologies. The selected villages had been adopted under National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project since 2011-2020. A sample size of 100 farmers (50 from each village) who were actively involved in horticultural activities was selected randomly. A well-structured, pre-tested interview schedule was employed for the data collection. The study revealed that the awareness level was recorded highest in institutional measures (94.2%) followed by horticultural practices (92.4%) and soil and water conservation (89%) measures. The highest adoption level of resilient practices was observed in horticultural practices (83.9%). Out of all respondents 89% were classified as medium category farmers for adoption of climate resilient technologies in both the villages. There was no statistical difference in the adoption level of resilient practices among the farmers of both the villages. Spearman rank correlation (0.730) depicted correlation between awareness and adoption level of horticultural technologies among the selected farmers in both the villages. It could be concluded that in an area like Meghalaya where small size of land holding and fragmented land emerged as main constraint for adoption of modern horticultural technology. Rigorous awareness programme to orient farming community towards scientific proven methods will be able to minimize the adverse effects of climate change.
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Gogoi, Anamika, and Balen Bhagabaty. "Mineral Chemistry and Geothermometry of Biotite in the Granitoids, Located in and around Jirang-Patharkhamah Area, Ri-Bhoi District, Meghalaya, India." Journal of the Geological Society of India 98, no. 2 (February 2022): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-1965-6.
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Reddy, M. Balakrishna, and Baiantimon Blah. "Topographic normalization of satellite imagery for image classification in northeast India." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 33, no. 6 (November 20, 2009): 815–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309351048.
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IRS-LISS-III satellite imagery covering Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary area located within the Ri-Bhoi District of Meghalaya State, northeast India, was used for analysis of the landcover pattern and vegetation types occurring there. A maximum likelihood classifier was used to generate a supervised classification into land-cover types and the vegetation types within the forested area. The preparation of training data sets used thematic maps of the area, and knowledge accruing from extensive personal field visits. Sample field plots were located at 30 different places in the Sanctuary for classification accuracy assessment. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was also computed from LISS-III satellite imagery. A digital elevation model (DEM) of the Sanctuary was generated using a GIS. The DEM was used to test the hypothesis that its joint use with the satellite data would increase classification accuracy. This proved to be the case. Bivariate correlation analysis was performed between spectral and DEM variables to cross-check the results. In the example used, that of the rugged terrain in mountainous parts of northeast India, such integration of satellite land-cover data and DEM information appears to be a necessity in improved land-cover mapping for resource planning and utilization.
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Goswami, J., V. Sharma, B. U. Chaudhury, and P. L. N. Raju. "RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF ABIOTIC STRESS (FROST) IN <i>IN-FILED</i> MAIZE CROP USING UAV REMOTE SENSING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W6 (July 26, 2019): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w6-467-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Stress in the crop not only decreases the production but can also have devastating consequences for farmers whose life depends upon the healthy crops. In recent time (January 2018) a such abiotic stress event (hoar frost) was experienced at ICAR research complex experimental filed, Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya on standing Maize crop. Therefore, remote sensing (Multispectral UAV- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) technology were used to detect the effect of frost on <i>in-filed</i> Maize crop. Two set of multispectral data (before frost and after frost) with four advanced machine learning techniques viz. Random Forest (RF), Random Committee (RC), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network were employed for detection of stress free crop and stressed crop due to frost. Results revealed that all the four methods of classification could able to identify / detect stress-free vs. stressed crops at satisfactory level. However, among the classifiers RF achieved relatively higher overall accuracy (OA&thinsp;=&thinsp;86.47%) with Kappa Indexanalysis (KIA&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.80) and found very cost effective in context of computational cost (time complexity&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.08 Seconds) to train the model. In addition, we have also recorded the area of each classes and found that after frost stress-free area (36.01% of all over filed) is decreased by 11% in comparison of before frost (25.036% of all over filed). Based on the results we can suggest that the RF ensemble classification method can be used for further other crop classification in order to estimate the yield, detect the condition, monitoring the health etc.</p>
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Kenton, Natalie, Nicole Bouranis, Emily J. Cox, Laura Jacobson, and Bill J. Wright. "Evaluation of Shared Experiences Among Patients and Providers Following Behavioral Health Integration in Primary Care." Journal of Patient Experience 8 (January 2021): 237437352110632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735211063296.
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Behavioral health integration (BHI) changes the paradigm of primary care delivery by integrating behavioral healthcare into primary care. Thus, BHI likely alters the shared experiences of both patients and providers in an interrelated manner; however, their experiences are usually evaluated separately. The purpose of this study was to analyze these shared experiences together within patient–provider pairs in integrated clinics. First, patient interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview guides and transcripts were analyzed for major themes of patient experience. Next, providers named in patient interviews were interviewed around these same themes. Thematic analysis was performed on 18 transcripts (11 patients, 7 providers). Common themes included BHI experience, pain management, feeling heard by providers, and health care experiences. Areas of alignment included positive perception of BHI, an absence of long-term care, and a desire to share decision-making. Pain management was a persistent area of conflict, and the differing experiences were consistent with a change in the psychodynamic patient–provider model. This conflict highlights a gap in BHI and a need for provider education about psychodynamic relationship models.
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Sukumaran, Sreenath, and K. Sudhakar. "Fully solar powered Raja Bhoj International Airport: A feasibility study." Resource-Efficient Technologies, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24056529/2017/3/144.
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The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has been increasing and it remained above 400 ppm throughout the year 2016 for the first time. The aviation industry is a main contributor to- wards green house gas emission. In this regard, aviation industry as a whole and airports in particular are trying to limit their carbon foot print. A feasible solution is to substitute the conventional electricity energy consumption of airport with clean energy sources. Solar PV route is considered as non polluting source of electricity but MW scale plant requires more land area. Since vast areas are mandatory in air- port as buffer zones, this land can be effectively used for utility scale solar PV plant. A 2 MWp onsite solar PV power plant is proposed for Raj Bhoj International Airport (RBIA), India. An online PV simulation tool SISIFO, developed by Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), has been used to analyse the performance of the proposed plant. The PV module rating, inverter and transformer specifications etc. are provided as per manufacturer’s datasheet. The plant is capable of generating 2733.122 MWh of electrical energy an- nually. The monthly averaged energy yield and performance ratio (PR) are 113.88 kWh/kWp and 85.54% respectively, which are best when compared to similar utility scale PV power plants. The economic and environmental benefits of the proposed plant are also discussed. The PV plant generation capacity can surpass the daily electrical energy consumption of airport. This paves way for RBIA to become second airport in the world to be energy self sufficient through solar power.
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John, Chris, Vishram Ram, Sushree Panda, and Ngangbam Pusparani. "Phytosociological studies of weeds associated with rice in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 60, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.13.
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Rice-based cropping systems are predominant in Meghalaya, India, comprising rice-potato, rice-mustard, rice-pea and rice monocropping systems. In areas that have shifted to cultivating cash crops, rice has supplanted the consumption of millet and maize as the principal staple. Thus, paddy-based weed assemblages are of significant importance in maximizing grain yields. Characterization and descriptive analysis of weed communities in crops can be brought about by phytosociological studies. Knowledge of the relative importance of spatial and temporal variables, environmental conditions and management practices as filters for weed assemblages will prove to be useful in putting together an effective decision support system for their management. Through this comparative survey of 66 paddy fields, distributed homogenously throughout Jirang, Umling and Umsning blocks of Ri-Bhoi, an attempt has been made to study the weed vegetation associated with paddy in the Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya, in order to assess the effects of agricultural intensification on the diversity, structure and composition of weed communities. Jirang block recorded the maximum weed diversity, followed by Umsning and Umling blocks. Understanding the connections between weed species and landscape elements is necessary for developing alternative weed management strategies.
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Khatib, Riad, Kathleen Riederer, Mamta Sharma, Stephen Shemes, Sugantha P. Iyer, and Susan Szpunar. "Screening for Intermediately Vancomycin-Susceptible and Vancomycin-Heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus by Use of Vancomycin-Supplemented Brain Heart Infusion Agar Biplates: Defining Growth Interpretation Criteria Based on Gold Standard Confirmation." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 11 (August 26, 2015): 3543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01620-15.
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BHI agars supplemented with vancomycin 4 (BHI-V4) and 3 (BHI-V3) mg/liter have been proposed for screening vancomycin intermediately susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(VISA) and heteroresistant (hVISA) phenotypes, respectively, but growth interpretation criteria have not been established. We reviewed the growth results (CFU) during population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) of consecutive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) blood isolates, which were saved intermittently between 1996 and 2012. CFU counts on BHI-V4 and BHI-V3 plates were stratified according to PAP-AUC interpretive criteria: <0.90 (susceptible [S-MRSA]), 0.90 to 1.3 (hVISA), and >1.3 (VISA). CFU cutoffs that best predict VISA and hVISA were determined with the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Mu3, Mu50, and methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) controls were included. We also prospectively evaluated manufacturer-made BHI-V3/BHI-V4 biplates for screening of 2010-2012 isolates. The PAP-AUC of 616 clinical samples was consistent with S-MRSA, hVISA, and VISA in 550 (89.3%), 48 (7.8%), and 18 (2.9%) instances, respectively. For VISA screening on BHI-V4, a cutoff of 2 CFU/droplet provided 100% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity. To distinguish VISA from hVISA, a cutoff of 16 CFU provided 83.3% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity; the specificity was lowered to 89.5% with a 12-CFU cutoff. For detecting hVISA/VISA on BHI-V3, a 2-CFU/droplet cutoff provided 98.5% sensitivity and 93.8% specificity. These results suggest that 2-CFU/droplet cutoffs on BHI-V4 and BHI-V3 best approximate VISA and hVISA gold standard confirmation, respectively, with minimal overlap in samples with borderline PAP-AUC. Simultaneous screening for VISA/hVISA on manufacturer-made BHI-V4/BHI-V3 biplates is easy to standardize and may reduce the requirement for PAP-AUC confirmation.
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Swami, Sanjay. "Study on irrigation water quality in some minor lift irrigation schemes and its impact on soil characteristics." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 5, no. 02 (June 22, 2019): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.18.
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The quality parameters of irrigation water in some minor lift irrigation schemes on Bhor nallah, Chatha farm at Gidergalion were evaluated and their impacts on soil characteristics in the fringe areas of Ranvir canal and non command were studied. Irrigation water samples at monthly intervals were collected and analyzed for pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Hazards (MH) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) by following standard methods. The soil samples from the concern command and adjoining areas (non command) were also collected and analyzed for important physico chemical properties and available nutrients as per standard procedures. Results revealed that majority of water samples collected from minor lift irrigation schemes on Bhor and Balal nallahs containing municipal/industrial waste was under high salinity-low SAR category, whereas water samples of Ranbir Canal at Gidergalian falls under medium salinity-low SAR. The soil characteristics viz. pH, EC, OC and available N, P and K were higher in command soils of Bhor and Chatha as compared to non command soils of Gidergalian and Dharap.
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Ansa, Iniubong E., and Utibe M. Usanga. "Socio - Cultural Determinants and Gender Disparities: Assessing the Intersection with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Eastern Obolo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/bhi/v9n1p4.
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This study evaluates the socio-cultural determinants and gender disparities. It assessed the intersection with water, sanitation and hygiene in Eastern Obolo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State from a rural and vulnerable perspective. It aimed at assessing the level of access to water, sanitation and hygiene and identifying the socio-cultural factors that hinders access to water, sanitation and hygiene in the study area. To achieve these objectives, structured questionnaires, personal interviews and focus group discussions were employed to gather information from respondents. Through the use of the structured questionnaires, personal interviews and focus group discussions data were obtained through purposive sampling technique where village heads, elders and heads of household were respondents. Also, Bill Godden (2004) sample size determination formula was used to derived a sample size of three hundred and eighty-four 384 respondents for the study. The hypothesis for the study was tested using independent t- test to understand if there were disparities in male and female level of access to water, sanitation and hygiene in the study area. From the findings it was discovered that the level of access to water, sanitation and hygiene was very low and that there was a significant disparity in male and female level of access to water, sanitation and hygiene. The main reason for the disparity was the attitude of the female towards water, sanitation and hygiene. Water fetching, bathing, and defecation in facilities not inside their houses had exposed women and girls to sexual and verbal harassment. Hence, they feel so insecure and uneasy to go out to where water, sanitation and hygiene facilities were located since they are vulnerable. The study recommended that the provision of water, sanitation and hygiene facilities was the best way to improve and sustain Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. Also, the government should put measures in place to punish any form of harassment done to the female gender. Keywords – Gender, Socio-cultural, Water, Hygiene, Sanitation
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Khan, Musharaf, and Shahana Musharaf. "Ethnomedicinal and Conservation Status of Plant Species in Tehsil Takht Bhai, District Mardan, Pakistan." International Letters of Natural Sciences 37 (April 2015): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.37.18.
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The study was design to draw attention to correlation of locals with plants and their conservation status. The research work was carried out in tehsil Takht Bhai, district Mardan during 2008-2010. Fieldwork was conducted using an arrangement of interviews, questioners and personal observation. The IUCN 2001, Red Data List Categories and Criteria was used to determine the conservation status of plants. The present study documents the ethno medicinal and conservation status of 34 plant species belonging to 20 families. Among these 12 species were found to be rare, vulnerable (11 species), endangered (9 species) and Infrequent (2 species). From this study we have concluded that most plant species are going to become endangered and no one plant specie was found dominant because the natural vegetation area was change into urbanization and agricultural reason
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Khan, Musharaf, and Shahana Musharaf. "Ethnomedicinal and Conservation Status of Plant Species in Tehsil Takht Bhai, District Mardan, Pakistan." International Letters of Natural Sciences 37 (April 3, 2015): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-qzyv33.
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The study was design to draw attention to correlation of locals with plants and their conservation status. The research work was carried out in tehsil Takht Bhai, district Mardan during 2008-2010. Fieldwork was conducted using an arrangement of interviews, questioners and personal observation. The IUCN 2001, Red Data List Categories and Criteria was used to determine the conservation status of plants. The present study documents the ethno medicinal and conservation status of 34 plant species belonging to 20 families. Among these 12 species were found to be rare, vulnerable (11 species), endangered (9 species) and Infrequent (2 species). From this study we have concluded that most plant species are going to become endangered and no one plant specie was found dominant because the natural vegetation area was change into urbanization and agricultural reason
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Reitz, Luiza Kuhnen, Jaqueline Schroeder, Marina Raick, Patricia de Fragas Hinnig, Francilene Gracieli Kunradi Vieira, Maria Alice Altenburg De Assis, Edson Luiz Da Silva, Giuliano Di Pietro, and Patricia Faria Di Pietro. "Diet Quality Influences the Occurrence of Food Aversions in Women Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 13915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113915.
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Food aversions in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer may be linked to oxidative stress and gastrointestinal consequences underlying it, and diet possibly plays a role in this association. This follow-up study included 73 women with breast cancer treated in Florianopolis City, Brazil. Dietary antioxidant capacity–DaC (mmol/d), diet quality–Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R score), and oxidative stress biomarkers were accessed before the treatment, and women were asked if they developed food aversions during adjuvant chemotherapy. Red meat was the main aversion-causing food reported (37.9%, n = 9). There was no difference in DaC, BHEI-R score, or oxidative stress biomarkers between women with no food aversion occurrence and those showing food aversions. A logistic regression adjusted model showed that women exhibiting higher BHEI-R scores were 1.08 times more likely to not develop food aversions during adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.041). In summary, this innovative investigation showed that diet quality before adjuvant chemotherapy may influence the non-occurrence of food aversion. Considering this, the result opens new areas for early nutritional interventions, focusing on reducing the occurrence of food aversions and consequently benefiting women with breast cancer by having better outcomes in oncologic treatment.
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Cassol, Cleidimar João, Eduardo José de Arruda, Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi, Elaine Reis Pinheiro Lourente, and Cleiton Messias Rodrigues Abrão. "Natural fertility and intrinsic fragility of soils in the Brazilian Cerrado." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2023v16n2e10087.
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This study aimed to evaluate the attributes of natural fertility and intrinsic fragility of the soils of Ivinhema River Basin (BHI), to subsidize agricultural development projects and environmental control and monitoring bodies. For this purpose, 62 soil samples were collected, at a depth of 0 to 20 cm, in areas of native vegetation belonging to the state of Mato Grosso do Sul – Brazil. The characteristic climate of the study area is of the humid mesothermal subtype (Cfa) without drought. The predominant vegetation is of the Cerrado type and the geological substrate is predominantly composed of the Serra Geral and Caiuá Formation. The samples were air-dried and the physical attributes (sand, silt, and clay) and chemical variables (pH H2O, CaCl2, KCl, ∆pH, Al3+, m%, H + Al, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, CEC, SB, V%, OC, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) were determined according to methodologies in Embrapa's soil analysis methods manual. The data obtained were evaluated by descriptive statistics and principal component analysis. The results showed a great variety of soils inside the basin, whose natural fertility was high for the Leptsol, Regosol, and Nitisol soils, and low for the Argiluvic Plinthosol, Petroplinthic Plinthosol, and Planosol soils. The sandy soils showed lower levels of organic carbon and negative surface loads, which shows less capacity to retain cations essential to plant nutrition and less retention of environmental contaminants if any. Regarding the textural fragility of the soils of BHI, it was possible to verify the high sensitivity of the soil to erosion and susceptibility to the contamination of groundwater or infiltrated water. The data shown in research can fill the gaps of knowledge and/or for adapting conservation practices of agricultural soils that are more susceptible to erosive processes, as well as for environmental control and monitoring bodies and/or studies of area recovery and maintenance of soil fertility.
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Pathak, Brijesh. "Estimation of Polonium Contents in Soil and Plants." Scientific Temper 13, no. 02 (December 12, 2022): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2022.13.2.34.
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The study was performed using alpha counting system at College of Science, MohanlalSukhadia University Udaipur, Rajasthan. Through the study, the observed 210Po activity in plantand soil sample from different locations in Bhoio Ki Pancholi area ranges from 2.45-173.50 Bqkg-1 on dry weight basis. The daily and annual intake of 210Po through water was also estimatedand the mean value of 0.72 and 263.61 Bq, respectively, were observed. It is observed that theeffective doses through water were higher than the World Health Organization recommendeddose of 0.05 mSv/year.
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राई (Rai), राम कुमार (Ram Kumar). "दुमी भाषाको परिचय (Introduction to Dumi Language)." Rupantaran: A Multidisciplinary Journal 7, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rupantaran.v7i1.52317.
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खोटाङ जिल्लाको रावा र तापखोलाको सेरोफेरोमा बसोवास गर्ने दुमी राईहरुले आप्mनो मातृभाषाको रुपमा बोल्ने भाषा दुमी भाषा हो । किरात राई परिवारको एक भाषा भएकोले यो भोट-बर्मेली परिवारको भाषा हो । अल्प सङ्ख्यक दुमी राईहरुले बोल्ने भाषा भएको र अन्य सजातीय राई भाषा र नेपाली भाषाको च्यापमा परेर लोपोन्मुखताको सङ्घारमा पुगेर वर्तमानमा संरक्षण र सम्बर्धनको बाटोमा फर्केको छ । सानो क्षेत्रमा बोलिने भए पनि यस भाषामा थुप्प्रै विविधता रहेको हुँदा विद्वानहरुले यसको सामाजिक भेद वा भाषिका पहिल्याएका छन् । भोट बर्मेली परिवारका यस भाषामा नेपाली वणर्मालाका २५ व्यञ्जन र अ, आ, इ, उ, ए र ओ स्वर वणर्हरु ह्रस्व-दीर्घ दुवै रुपमा प्रयोग हुन्छन् । त्यस्तै भोट बर्मेली परिवारका अन्य भाषाहरुमा झैं दुमी भाषामा पनि एकाक्षरी मौलिक शब्दहरु रहेका छन् ।
(The language spoken as their mother tongue by the Dumi Rais who live in the surroundings of Rawa and Tapkhola in Khotang district is Dumi language. Since Kirat is a language of the Rai family, it is a language of the Bhot-Burmese family. It is a language spoken by a small number of Dumi Rais and has reached the struggle of extinction after falling under the influence of other homogenous Rai languages and Nepali language. Even though it is spoken in a small area, because there is a lot of diversity in this language, scholars have found its social variations or dialects. In this language of Bhot Burmese family, 25 consonants of the Nepali alphabet and the vowels a, a:, i, u, e and o are used in both long and short forms. Similarly, like other languages of the Bhot Burmese family, Dumi language also has monosyllabic original words.)
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Lee, Sang-Jae, Dong-Woo Lee, Eun-Ah Choe, Young-Ho Hong, Seong-Bo Kim, Byoung-Chan Kim, and Yu-Ryang Pyun. "Characterization of a Thermoacidophilic l-Arabinose Isomerase from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius: Role of Lys-269 in pH Optimum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (December 2005): 7888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.7888-7896.2005.
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ABSTRACT The araA gene encoding l-arabinose isomerase (AI) from the thermoacidophilic bacterium Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Analysis of the sequence revealed that the open reading frame of the araA gene consists of 1,491 bp that encodes a protein of 497 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 56,043 Da. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of A. acidocaldarius AI (AAAI) with other AIs demonstrated that AAAI has 97% and 66% identities (99% and 83% similarities) to Geobacillus stearothermophilus AI (GSAI) and Bacillus halodurans AI (BHAI), respectively. The recombinant AAAI was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The purified enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5 and 65°C under the assay conditions used, and it required divalent cations such as Mn2+, Co2+, and Mg2+ for its activity. The isoelectric point (pI) of the enzyme was about 5.0 (calculated pI of 5.5). The apparent Km values of the recombinant AAAI for l-arabinose and d-galactose were 48.0 mM (V max, 35.5 U/mg) and 129 mM (V max, 7.5 U/mg), respectively, at pH 6 and 65°C. Interestingly, although the biochemical properties of AAAI are quite similar to those of GSAI and BHAI, the three AIs from A. acidocaldarius (pH 6), G. stearothermophilus (pH 7), and B. halodurans (pH 8) exhibited different pH activity profiles. Based on alignment of the amino acid sequences of these homologous AIs, we propose that the Lys-269 residue of AAAI may be responsible for the ability of the enzyme to act at low pH. To verify the role of Lys-269, we prepared the mutants AAAI-K269E and BHAI-E268K by site-directed mutagenesis and compared their kinetic parameters with those of wild-type AIs at various pHs. The pH optima of both AAAI-K269E and BHAI-E268K were rendered by 1.0 units (pH 6 to 7 and 8 to 7, respectively) compared to the wild-type enzymes. In addition, the catalytic efficiency (k cat/Km ) of each mutant at different pHs was significantly affected by an increase or decrease in V max. From these results, we propose that the position corresponding to the Lys-269 residue of AAAI could play an important role in the determination of the pH optima of homologous AIs.
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Langevin, Paul B., Nikolaus Gravenstein, Sharon O. Langevin, and Paul A. Gulig. "Epidural Catheter Reconnection." Anesthesiology 85, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199610000-00025.
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Background An in vitro model of epidural catheter contamination was used to determine if disconnected catheters can be safely reconnected. Methods Epidural catheters were filled with brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth or preservative-free saline containing 5 micrograms/ml fentanyl. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Staphylococcus aureus (1.10(5) colony-forming units) was injected into the initial 1.1 +/- 0.24 inch (2.75 +/- 0.60 cm) of the catheters. To study the effect of bacteria settling in a vertically oriented catheter on the advancement of bacteria along the catheter, bacteria were incubated with catheters in the vertical and the horizontal positions. To determine if bacteria are swept further into a catheter when fluid in it is displaced, catheters were inclined 30 degrees and the fluid in them was allowed to drain from the distal end to various extents. Bacteria were incubated with the catheter held horizontally. After incubation, the catheters were serially sectioned, and the resulting segments were eluted with buffered saline-containing gelatin (BSG), which was collected on BHI agar plates for colony counts. This determined if a segment of the catheter remained internally sterile distal to the point of disconnection. Effectiveness of decontaminating the exterior of the catheter was also tested as follows: Catheters (n = 10) were first immersed in BSG containing 1.10(5) S, aureus, immediately immersed in betadine for 2 min, exposed to air for 3 min, cut with a sterile instrument, and reconnected to a sterile screw cap catheter connector. Reconnected catheters were perfused with 10 ml BSG for 1 hr. Collected perfusate (100 microliters) was removed for direct colony count; the remaining perfusate was mixed with an equal volume of BHI and incubated overnight. A 100 microliters aliquot of BHI-BSG mixture was sampled the next day. No bacteria were cultured from either the perfusate or BHI-BSG mixture. Results Eight hours after contamination, as long as the fluid in the catheter was static, no bacteria were detected more than 13 inches (32.5 cm) from the contaminated end of catheters filled with BHI and no more than 8 inches (20 cm) from the end of those filled with fentanyl solution. This finding was not affected by incubation of the catheter in the vertical position. Fluid displacement less than 8 inches (20 cm) had no effect on dissemination, but when fluid was displaced 13 inches (32.5 cm), bacteria were found at the end of the catheter, 35 inches (87.5 cm) away. No bacteria were recovered from the perfusate of reconnected catheters after the catheters were cleaned with betadine and cut with a sterile instrument. Conclusions There may be an area distal to the disconnected end of an epidural catheter where its interior remains sterile for at least 8 hr. Such an area exists only when the fluid in the catheter remains static. Furthermore, the exterior of the catheter can be adequately cleaned to prevent bacteria from entering the catheter when reconnected at that point.
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Silva Junior, Renato Oliveira da, Alexandra Lima Tavares, Marcio Sousa da Silva, Gabriel Caixeta Martins, Carlos Eduardo Aguiar de Souza Costa, Adayana Maria Queiroz de Melo, and Wilson da Rocha Nascimento Júnior. "Installation and calibration of sensors for analysis of soil humidity and temperature in eastern amazon areas." Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress 8, no. 2 (May 26, 2023): 086–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24221/jeap.8.2.2023.4917.086-098.
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Soil moisture and temperature are important components to improve watershed management and natural resource planning, especially in areas where water supplies are limited during dry seasons. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the installation and calibration of five sensors (Drill & Drop) as well as the consistency of the results obtained for moisture and soil temperature in areas of forest, pasture, forest-pasture transition and pasture-urban transition in the Itacaiúnas River Hydrographic Area (BHRI) in the Eastern Amazon. The results refer to the period from April to September 2019, showing different trends between forest and pasture areas. The data consistency analysis efficiently identified measurement errors, especially in the surface layer of the soil (10 cm). The Onça Puma and IFPA Rural stations had the highest percentages of error data 22.8% and 17.6%, respectively. On the other hand, these results may be associated with the environmental characteristics of the region, as well as the physical characteristics of the soil during each season. The soil temperature and humidity parameters were consistent with data from other meteorological variables (precipitation and mean air temperature) measured by sensors installed in the local hydrometeorological stations. Overall, the soil moisture and temperature measurements were obtained properly and are presented as quality data sources. Thus, it is expected that the results will contribute to enriching the availability of soil data in the IRB and encouraging the use of direct measurements given the quantity (and quality) of data obtained using this instrumentation.
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Pardo, Lorena, María Inés Mota, Andrés Parnizari, Adriana Varela, Gabriela Algorta, and Gustavo Varela. "Detection of Vancomycin Resistance among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered from Children with Invasive Diseases in a Reference Pediatric Hospital." Antibiotics 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2024): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040298.
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Vancomycin is the cornerstone intreating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. However, therapeutic failures can occur when MRSA strains with decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides (DSG) are involved. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize DSG in MRSA recovered from children with invasive diseases at a reference pediatric hospital between 2009 and 2019. Fifty-two MRSA strains were screened using agar plates with vancomycin 3 and 4 mg/L (BHI-3 and BHI-4); the VITEK2 system; and standard and macro E-tests. Suspicious hVISA were studied by population analysis profiling–area under the curve (PAP-AUC), and wall thickness was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Neither VRSA nor VISA were detected in this set. As only three strains met the hVISA criteria, the PAP-AUC study included 12 additional MRSA strains that grew one colony on BHI-4 plates or showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and/or teicoplanin ≥ 1.5 mg/L. One strain was confirmed as hVISA by PAP-AUC. The wall thickness was greater than the vancomycin-susceptible control strain; it belonged to ST30 and carried SCCmec IV. As expected, a low frequency of hVISA was found (1.9%). The only hVISA confirmed by PAP-AUC was not detected by the screening methods, highlighting the challenge that its detection represents for microbiology laboratories.
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Folorunsho, O. S., A. Q. Ayinde, M. A. Olagoke, and O. E. Fatoye. "Evaluating Cybersecurity Theories, Models, Standards and Frameworks." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/bhi/v5n4p7.
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Businesses and organizations around the world are increasingly concerned about cyber security. Understanding the various theories, models, standards and frameworks that underpin current practices is necessary to develop effective cybersecurity strategies. The existing cyber security theories, models, standards and frameworks are assessed in this review paper with a view to comparing their strengths and weaknesses. This paper summarizes findings from a thorough review of relevant peer-reviewed articles and lists key research areas for the coming years. Indeed, the Schwartz theory seems to be promising for improving cybersecurity in business and governance contexts on grounds that it is based upon verifiable observations and factor analysis from data collection. In addition, the Review Paper provides an overview of how different cybersecurity theories, models, standards and frameworks have been implemented in practice as well as highlights their challenges and successes. Finally, there is a summary on key findings and their implications for future cyber security research and practice. Keywords: Cybersecurity, Theories, Models, Standards, Frameworks.
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Siu, L. K., W. K. Leung, A. F. B. Cheng, J. Y. Sung, T. K. W. Ling, J. M. L. Ling, E. K. W. Ng, J. Y. W. Lau, and S. C. S. Chung. "Evaluation of a Selective Transport Medium for Gastric Biopsy Specimens To Be Cultured for Helicobacter pylori." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 10 (1998): 3048–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.10.3048-3050.1998.
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Since the means of culturing Helicobacter pylori may not be available in some laboratories, prolonging the survival of this organism during transportation is a major concern in terms of improving detection rates. A selective transport medium was evaluated for the preservation of H. pylori from 254 gastric biopsy specimens collected from a rural area in China where culturing is not feasible. Gastric biopsy specimens were inoculated in sterile broth consisting of brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, horse serum, and yeast extract supplemented with vancomycin, amphotericin B, and nalidixic acid (VAN). Of the 254 biopsy specimens, 238 were identified by histology to haveH. pylori infection. Total rates of recovery ofH. pylori from the H. pylori-positive gastric biopsy specimens stored in the BHI-VAN broth ranged from 76 to 46% after storage of specimens for 5 to 9 days. In conclusion, the selective medium is useful for prolonging the survival of H. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens for which immediate culture is not feasible.
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Kartika, Aprilia Indra, Meutia Srikandi Fitria, and Vanny Oktaviola. "Molecular identification of pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne disease in Caulerpa racemosa." Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium 10, no. 1 (August 2, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v10i1.276.
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Caulerpa racemosa is a green algae consumed by people in northern coastal areas. C. racemosa has a habitat attached to the shallow seabed. C. racemosa usualy consumed fresh without any cooking process so that the contamination of microorganisms can be eaten. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA is needed to determine the type of bacterial contaminants in C. racemosa. The isolates of C. racemosa were cultured in HIA, BAP, and BHI media. Bacteria from BHI media were isolated by DNA, PCR for 16S rRNA gene, and sequencing. Bacteria isolate C. racemosa was found to have the α-hemolytic ability in BAP media. The sequencing analysis showed that the three bacterial colonies of C. racemosa isolate had high similarity with V. parahemolyticus, Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus, and Exiguobacterium profundum.
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Marak, Balkho Rangsa, Haobijam James Watt, Biswajit Lahiri, Rebekka Syiem, and Arup Kumar Bandyopadhyay. "Cross-Cultural Comparative Analysis of Technological Gap between Tribal Pineapple Growers of Meghalaya, India." Indian Journal of Extension Education 59, no. 1 (2023): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59133.
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The varied agro-climatic condition of Meghalaya favours cultivation of different horticultural crops, particularly different fruit crops, and pineapple is the most notable of them. The present study was conducted on 200 tribal pineapple growers of Meghalaya in the North Eastern Himalayan region of India in the year 2017-2018. The article highlighted the technological gap among pineapple growers with special emphasis on the differences in agro-economic, socio-psychological and extension-communication characteristics between the Khasi and the Garo tribes of Meghalaya in the north-eastern Himalayan region of India. The average level of the technological gap of Garo farmers (61.78%) was slightly higher than that of Khasi farmers (57.85%). The Mann-Whitney U test reported that the mean scores of the technological gap for the farmers of West Garo Hills and Ri Bhoi were indicating a significant difference in the technological gap between the farmers of these two tribes. The study suggested the need to understand the differential characteristics of these tribes and to introduce location-specific technologies to minimize the technological gap and increase pineapple production in these tribal areas.
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Silva Júnior, Renato Oliveira, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa Queiroz, Douglas Batista Silva Ferreira, Alexandra Lima Tavares, Pedro Walfir Martins Souza-Filho, José Tasso Felix Guimarães, and Edson José Paulino Rocha. "Estimativa de precipitação e vazões médias para a bacia hidrográfica do rio Itacaiúnas (BHRI), Amazônia Oriental, Brasil (Estimation of Precipitation and average Flows for the Itacaiúnas River Watershed (IRW) - Eastern Amazonia, Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 10, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v.10.5.p1638-1654.
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Este artigo discute a relação entre dados observados de precipitação de sete estações meteorológicas e os dados resultantes de interpolação realizadas pelo Climate Prediction Center (CPC) para a área da bacia hidrográfica do rio Itacaiúnas (BHRI), Amazônia Oriental, no período de 1986-2005. O trabalho avalia também a aplicação de metodologias expeditas para estimar vazões médias mensais nas sub bacias, a partir de uma única estação de referência situada em seu exutório. As vazões foram estimadas pelos métodos de correção pela área de drenagem e de padronização de vazões médias comparadas com vazões medidas (1985-1995) em uma de suas sub bacias. Os resultados obtidos para a precipitação mostraram-se compatíveis com o comportamento sazonal definido para a região, cuja correlação entre os dados observados e os interpolados pelo CPC demonstram que estes representam bem a variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação na BHRI. A análise dos resultados das estações meteorológicas mostrou uma tendência de incremento na precipitação de leste para oeste, cujo comportamento pode estar associado a densa cobertura florestal que compõe o mosaico de Unidades de Conservação (UC’s), combinado com altitudes elevadas (600-800 m) da Serra de Carajás. A avaliação do comportamento das vazões da única estação (Fazenda Alegria) com série de dados fluviométricos disponíveis apresentou resultados consistentes com o comportamento sazonal das curvas de vazão dentro do ano hidrológico. Os métodos utilizados para a estimativa de vazões mostraram resultados diferenciados em termos absolutos, porém, as curvas de vazões estimadas acompanham o comportamento da curva de vazões medidas na estação Fazenda Rio Branco. A B S T R A C TThis paper discusses the relationship between observed precipitation data from seven meteorological stations and the resulting interpolation data from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) for the area of the Itacaiúnas river basin (BHRI), Eastern Amazonia, in the period 1986-2005. The work also evaluates the application of expeditious methodologies to estimate monthly average flows in the sub basins, from a single reference station located in its exutorio. The flow rates were estimated by the methods of correction by the drainage area and standardization of average flows compared to measured flows (1985-1995) in one of its sub basins. The results obtained for the precipitation were compatible with the seasonal behavior defined for the region, whose correlation between the data observed and those interpolated by the CPC show that they represent well the spatio-temporal variability of the precipitation in the BHRI. The analysis of the results of the meteorological stations showed a tendency of increase in the precipitation from east to west, whose behavior may be associated with dense forest cover that composes the mosaic of Conservation Units (UC's), combined with high altitudes (600-800 m) of the Serra de Carajás. The evaluation of the flow behavior of the single station (Fazenda Alegria) with a series of available fluviometric data presented results consistent with the seasonal behavior of the flow curves within the hydrological year. The methods used for the estimation of flow rates showed different results in absolute terms, however, the estimated flow curves follow the behavior of the measured flow curve in Fazenda Rio Branco station. Keywords: Estimation, precipitation, flow, sub basin, Eastern Amazon
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SANTOS, Luana, Talita M. Marchesini BONAGRAZIA, Jair Lourenço DIAS-JUNIOR, and Dagmar Aparecida de Marco FERRO. "CONTAGEM DE MICRO-ORGANISMOS EM DETERMINADOS LOCAIS DA UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE EM ASPÁSIA-SP." UNIFUNEC CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE E BIOLÓGICAS 3, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24980/ucsb.v3i6.3443.
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Estabelecimentos de saúde são grandes reservatórios de organismos patogênicos, virulentos e oportunistas. Portanto, as infecções podem ser adquiridas tanto por pacientes como por funcionários. Devido a esse fato, foi realizado um estudo descritivo quali-quantitavo com intuito de verificar o grau de contaminação das superfícies na Unidade Básica de Saúde de Aspásia – SP e averiguar a ocorrência de micro-Organismos patógenos. Foram coletadas cinco amostras de diferentes locais: maçaneta da porta de entrada, balcão da recepção, chão da sala de espera, torneira do bebedouro e saboneteira do banheiro feminino. Os resultados observados indicam maior quantidade de microrganismo na forma de Bacillus do tipo Gram-negativo em um total de nove amostras, que são: duas amostras no meio de cultura Sabouraud Dextrose Ágar (Ágar Dextrose Sabouraud); três amostras no meio de cultura Triptecaseina Soja (TSA, OXOID®) e quatro amostras no meio de cultura Brain Heart Infusion (BHI, OXOID®). O meio de cultura BHI mostrou-se mais propício para o desenvolvimento de bactérias patógenas. Através dos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que a Unidade apresenta condições higiênico-sanitárias satisfatórias.
MICROORGANISM COUNTING IN CERTAIN AREAS AT A HEALTH UNIT IN ASPÁSIA CITY- SP
ABSTRACT
Health institutions are big pathogenic virulent, and opportunist organism reservoirs. Consequently, infections may be acquired either by patients or employees. Thus, a descriptive qualitative-quantitative study was conducted in order to verify the contamination level of the surfaces at a Health Unit in Aspásia city – SP in order to ascertain the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms. Five samples from different areas were collected: The entrance door handle, the waiting room floor and counter, the drinking fountain faucet, and the woman’s restroom soap dispenser. The results indicated a higher number of microorganisms in a way of Gram-negative Bacillus in a total of nine samples; they are: two samples Thioglycolate and Sabouraud Ágar (Ágar Dextrose Sabouraud) as culture mediums; three samples Trypticase Soy (TSA, OXOID®) as culture medium, and four samples Brain Heart Infusion (BHI, OXOID®) as culture medium. BHI cultures appeared to be more favorable to pathogenic bacteria development. The general picture emerging from the analysis results made us to conclude that the Health Unit presents satisfactory sanitary conditions.
Descriptors: Microorganisms. Health Units. Sanitization.
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Silva, Ronis Cley Fontes, Marcia Aparecida Da Silva Pimentel, and Alan Nunes Araújo. "Caracterização Morfométrica e Geomorfológica da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Itacaiunas (BHRI), Amazônia Oriental, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 3 (June 13, 2022): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.3.p1556-1563.
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A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Itacaiunas (BHRI), tem suas principais nascentes formadas pela confluência dos rios Água Preta e rio Azul localizados na serra da Seringa no município de Água Azul do Norte, estado do Pará. Grande parte dos recursos econômicos advém da exploração mineral, sofre também forte impacto ambiental oriundos destas e de outras atividades ligadas ao aproveitamento econômico de seus recursos naturais, inclusive nas cabeceiras dos rios que são importantes áreas de recarga hídrica. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar a caracterização morfométrica e geomorfológica para análise da suscetibilidade a inundações na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Itacaiunas (BHRI). Utilizando de ferramentas atreladas a geotecnologias. Os resultados sobre a altimetria, verificou-se a altitude máxima de 879 metros na bacia e 80 metros na foz, além da delimitação das unidades geomorfológicas tendo a Serra dos Carajás como a mais expressiva. Com relação aos índices morfométricos foram definidos o coeficiente de compacidade (kc) de 0,64; fator de forma (F) 0,63; índice de circularidade de 0,29; com padrão de drenagem, variando de dendrítica a paralelo com canais de até 5ª ordem; A densidade de drenagem foi de 0,16 km/km2; densidade de hidrografia de 7,67 canais/km2. Portanto, esses dados são para análise morfométrica e geomorfológica de caracterização de bacia hidrográfica em questão, tornando o caminho para chegar aos produtos cartográficos aqui expostos como boas respostas aos objetivos de estudo desta análise.Palavras-chave: Geoprocessamento, Altimetria, Susceptibilidade a inundação, Sudeste do Pará. Morphometric and Geomorphological Characterization of the Itacaiunas River Watershed (BHRI), Eastern Amazon, Brazil ABSTRACTThe Itacaiunas River Basin (BHRI) has its main sources formed by the confluence of the Água Preta and Azul rivers located in Serra da Seringa in the municipality of Água Azul do Norte, state of Pará. Also suffers a strong environmental impact from these and other activities linked to the economic use of its natural resources, including in the headwaters of rivers that are important areas of water recharge. Thus, this article aims to carry out morphometric and geomorphological characterization for the analysis of susceptibility to floods in the Itacaiúnas River Watershed (BHRI). Using tools linked to geotechnologies. The results of the altimetry, the maximum altitude of 879 meters in the basin and 80 meters in the mouth was verified, in addition to the delimitation of the geomorphological units with the Serra dos Carajás as the most expressive. Regarding the morphometric indices, the compactness coefficient (kc) of 0.64 was defined; form factor (F) 0.63; roundness index of 0.29; with drainage pattern, ranging from dendritic to parallel with channels of up to 5th order; The drainage density was 0.16 km/km2; hydrographic density of 7.67 channels/km2. Therefore, these data are for morphometric and geomorphological analysis of the characterization of the watershed in question, making the way to reach the cartographic products exposed here as good answers to the study objectives of this analysis.Keywords: Geoprocessing, Altimetry, Susceptibility to flooding, Southeast of Pará.
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de Melo Guedes, Glaucia Morgana, Crister José Ocadaque, Alyne Soares Freitas, Rodrigo Machado Pinheiro, Giovanna Barbosa Riello, Silviane Praciano Bandeira, Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha, José Júlio Costa Sidrim, and Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco. "Biofilm analyses and exoproduct release by clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Brazil." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 16, no. 7 (July 2023): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.378565.
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Objective: To characterize biofilm production by clinical (n=21) and environmental (n=11) isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and evaluate the production of proteases, hemolysins and siderophores. Methods: Initially, the 32 strains were evaluated for biofilm production in Müller-Hinton broth-1% glucose (MH-1% glucose) and BHI broth-1% glucose, using the crystal violet staining technique. Subsequently, growing (48 h) and mature (72 h) biofilms were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Finally, the production of proteases, hemolysins and siderophores by planktonic aggregates, growing biofilms and mature biofilms was evaluated. Results: All isolates produced biofilms, but clinical isolates had significantly higher biomass in both MH-1% glucose (P<0.001) and BHI-glucose 1% (P=0.005). The structural analyses by confocal microscopy showed thick biofilms, composed of multiple layers of cells, homogeneously arranged, with mature biofilms of clinical isolates presenting higher biomass (P=0.019) and thickness of the entire area (P=0.029), and lower roughness coefficient (P=0.007) than those of environmental isolates. Protease production by growing biofilms was significantly greater than that of planktonic (P<0.001) and mature biofilms (P<0.001). Hemolysin release by planktonic aggregates was higher than that of biofilms (P<0.001). Regarding siderophores, mature biofilms presented higher production than growing biofilms (P<0.001) and planktonic aggregates (P<0.001). Conclusions: Clinical isolates have higher production of biofilms than their environmental counterparts; protease and siderophores seem important for growth and maintenance of Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms.
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Da Silva, Paula Barcellos, Gabriel Barcelos Só, Bruna Barcelos Só, Pauline Mastella Lang, Francisco Montagner, Jefferson Ricardo Pereira, José Antônio Poli De Figueiredo, and Marcus Vinícius Reis Só. "Microbiological analysis of absorbent paper points employed by undergraduate students from a dental school in south of Brazil." Journal of Research in Dentistry 4, no. 3 (January 30, 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v4e3201690-94.
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Aim: The aim of this study was identify contamination on absorbent paper points used by students of Dental Clinic III of the Faculty of Dentistry of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in the semester 2015/1, in order to warn students and professionals of the area on the importance to sterilize these materials.Material and Methods: In a clinical environment, 180 absorbent paper points we collected (80 of them from the first series and 80 from the second one), from 40 students. After the collection, each one was singly immersed in a microtube containing 1.5 ml of the BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) culture. Positive control was composed by one paper point contaminated by saliva, and negative control was composed by a closed microtube, only with BHI. The microtubes were incubated at 37ºC in bacteriological incubator during 14 days. The microtubes that presented turbidity were considered positive, and those which did not present turbidity were considered negative.Results: The results were analyzed by the Fisher Exact Test, which demonstrated that paper points from the second series presented higher agreement contamination between the paper points collected from each box, when compared to the analyzed boxes from the first series (p=0.03). All the samples observed presented growth of Bacillus spp in the microorganism identification. Conclusions: It is possible conclude that absorbing paper points, when exposed to clinical environment suffer contamination, and the autoclave sterilization is necessary before the use, regardless the commercial brand, in order to ensure the aseptic chain maintenance.
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Sharma, Neeraj, Suresh Kumar Rana, Pankaj Raina, Raja Amir, and Muzaffar Ahmed Kichloo. "An annotated checklist of the birds of upper Chenab catchment, Jammu & Kashmir, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 7 (June 26, 2018): 11869. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3464.10.7.11869-11894.
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Watershed avifaunal inventories are useful in devising management strategies appropriate to the habitat, as well as species conservation. The Chenab River basin forms one of the largest and most important river basins in Jammu & Kashmir. The upper Chenab catchment offers a rich and diverse fauna, especially birds, owing to variety of habitats, different climatic regimes, and a wide range of altitude,. We present an avifaunal list of four watersheds—Bhot, Marusudar, Kalnai and Neeru of the Chenab River basin including Kishtwar Town and the surrounding area of the upper Chenab catchment over an elevation range of 820–4,500 m. The list includes 251 species belonging to 60 families and 150 genera of which six are globally threatened, 127 residents, 124 migrants and three new to the state. The paper also describes species-wise habitat occupancy, feeding behaviour, migratory status and abundance of the avifauna. The study reveals that mosaic habitats comprising forests, riverbeds, rangelands and rocky outcrops are crucial for the conservation of birds in the region.
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Hosny, Rodyna A., Mohamed Abd Elaziz, and Rehab Ali Ibrahim. "Enhanced Feature Selection Based on Integration Containment Neighborhoods Rough Set Approximations and Binary Honey Badger Optimization." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (March 10, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3991870.
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This article appoints a novel model of rough set approximations (RSA), namely, rough set approximation models build on containment neighborhoods RSA (CRSA), that generalize the traditional notions of RSA and obtain valuable consequences by minifying the boundary areas. To justify this extension, it is integrated with the binary version of the honey badger optimization (HBO) algorithm as a feature selection (FS) approach. The main target of using this extension is to assess the quality of selected features. To evaluate the performance of BHBO based on CRSA, a set of ten datasets is used. In addition, the results of BHOB are compared with other well-known FS approaches. The results show the superiority of CRSA over the traditional RS approximations. In addition, they illustrate the high ability of BHBO to improve the classification accuracy overall the compared methods in terms of performance metrics.
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Bhattacharya, Manisha. "Resource-Stratified Diagnostics in India: Current Practices and Aspirations for a National Standard." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 3 (October 2018): 6s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.10040.
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Purpose As international health systems set goals to improve and expand access to cancer care services, the global health community has applied evidence-based principles to develop resource-stratified pathways for cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. The Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) defines four detailed sets of infrastructure at the levels of basic, limited, enhanced, and maximal. Operationalizing these pathways to improve and expand breast cancer care requires an assessment of current resource availability and use, as well as an understanding of how clinical stakeholders value and prioritize various modalities. This study adapted the BHGI framework for breast cancer diagnostics to characterize the natural state of health system capabilities in India. This work aims to contribute to the validation of the resource stratification schema while collecting implicit practitioner impressions of an aspirational resource level, as would be codified by a national standard. Methods We interviewed oncologists at public and private hospitals in six urban areas throughout India with a multisection survey tool about the effects of cancer care infrastructure on patient care. In this section, respondents filled out a grid representation of 30 BHGI 2.5 diagnostic modalities divided into clinical tools, imaging and laboratory tests, and pathology. Respondents indicated whether they currently used each modality, and whether they would recommend that this should be included in a national standard of breast cancer care for India. Results At least three fourths of respondents indicated that they personally use 21 of the diagnostic modalities (n = 52), but only recommended 15 modalities for the national standard (n = 50). The top 11 modalities currently used included six basic, three limited, and two enhanced, whereas the top 11 modalities recommended for the national standard included four basic, one limited, three enhanced, and three maximal. Conclusion Diagnostic modalities consistently used by urban oncologists are not fully congruent with the group’s collective vision for a national standard of care, nor do the oncologists recommend a consistently more basic or limited national approach compared with urban practice. These heterogeneous results indicate that expanding breast cancer care in India will likely require dynamic recalibration of goal resource level definitions across the nodes of each regional referral network. AUTHOR’S DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . No COIs for the author.
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Soares, Daniela Novaes, Andréa Gonçalves Antonio, Natalia Lopes Pontes Iorio, Viviane Santos da Silva Pierro, Katia Regina Netto dos Santos, and Lucianne Cople Maia. "Does the Presence of Sucrose in Pediatric Antibiotics Influence the Enamel Mineral Loss and the Streptococcus mutans Counts in Dental Biofilm?" Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 3 (June 2015): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302353.
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The role of antibiotics containing sucrose on the formation of dental caries is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of two antibiotics (amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate suspension), with and without sucrose, on human dental hardness and Streptococcus mutans counts in dental biofilm. Primary tooth fragments (n=72) were coated with nail varnish leaving a window of 2.25 mm diameter. Specimens were fixed in 24-well polystyrene plates, containing BHI medium. S. mutans (clinical strains) represented the inoculum to form biofilm on the fragments for 24 h. Twelve fragments were separated for the initial count of microorganisms (baseline). The other fragments were divided into 4 groups (n=12) of treatment: G1 (Clavulin(r)), G2 (Betamox(r)), G3 (chlorhexidine 0.12%), G4 (sucrose 10%). All specimens had their self-control area (covered area). The cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) was evaluated for each specimen. All the treated groups had a loss of hardness compared to their self-controls (p<0.05). Both drugs inhibited the S. mutans growth and promoted no CSMH difference among them. Both antibiotics eliminated all formed biofilm and did not cause mineral loss from the enamel, regardless the presence of sucrose in its formulation.
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Ahmad, Shakeel, Fazal Hadi, Amin Ullah Jan, Raza Ullah, Bedur Faleh A. Albalawi, and Allah Ditta. "Appraisal of Heavy Metals Accumulation, Physiological Response, and Human Health Risks of Five Crop Species Grown at Various Distances from Traffic Highway." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 16263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316263.
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Road surfaces and vehicular traffic contribute to heavy metals (HM) contamination of soil and plants, which poses various health risks to humans by entering the food chain. It is imperative to evaluate the status of contamination with HM and associated health risks in soils and plants, especially food crops. In this regard, five crop species, i.e., strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), were evaluated at 0–10, 10–50, and 50–100 m distance from the highway near the urban area (Takht Bhai) of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation, phenolics, carotenoids, chlorophyll, and proline contents in plant parts were assessed. Pb and Cd in plants decreased with an increase in distance. Pb was above the critical limit in all plants except wheat, Cd exceeded the permissible level of the World Health Organization in all plants except wheat and tomato. Pb and Cd were higher in strawberries. Tomato and strawberry fruits, tobacco leaves, and sugarcane stems showed higher Pb contents at a 0–10 m distance. Phenolic contents in leaves were higher than in roots. The target hazard quotient (THQ) in edible parts of most crops has been greater than one, which presents a threat to human health upon consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first holistic approach to assess metal contamination in the selected area, its accumulation in field-grown edible crops, and associated health risk.
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Jadhav, Sagar, Yogesh Sawant, Sagar Kadao, and Mayur Sarode. "Biochar-fortified Sil-KAB: Environment Friendly Briquette Technology to Improve Growth, Yield and Economics of Paddy." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 5 (March 20, 2024): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54512.
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Paddy is one of the most important staple foods in the world. The area under paddy cultivation is 43.79 million hectares and the production is 116.43 million tons in 2018-19. It is an important staple food consumed by 65 percent of the country's population. However, paddy cultivation is also associated with an unbalanced use of fertilizers. A balanced use of fertilizers is essential to increase the productivity of the harvest. Broadcast application of fertilizers during the Kharif season (In India, Kharif season is popularly considered to start in June and end in October.) leads to losses due to the dissolution of fertilizers in water and leaching from the field with the flooded water, thereby increasing the fertilizer requirement. Improper application of fertilizers leads to pollution of water bodies and is not environment friendly. Applying fertilizers through deep placement reduces the loss of fertilizers and is environmentally friendly. The field trial was conducted in Bhor during the Kharif season of 2022 to study the effect of biochar fortified Sil-KAB briquettes on growth, yield, economics and reduction of methane emissions from the paddy field. The biochar fortified Sil-KAB briquettes have the potential to improve the efficiency of fertilizer use. The experiment was conducted with two treatments consisting of a conventional fertilizer application and biochar fortified Sil-KAB briquettes. The experiment was replicated with 14 farmers in two villages of Bhor, Pune. The results of the trial showed that the application of biochar fortified Sil-KAB briquettes significantly increased the height of the paddy at tillering, panicle initiation and at the harvest stage. Significantly highest number of tillering hill-1, number of productive tillering hill-1, panicle length, number of filled grains panicle-1, number of total grains panicle-1, percentage of grain filling, grain yield, straw yield and net return of paddy were observed in biochar fortified Sil-KAB briquettes treatment. The application of biochar fortified Sil-KAB briquettes significantly reduced methane emissions from the paddy field. The application of biochar fortified Sil-KAB briquettes significantly improves the growth, yield and profitability of paddy in the Kharif season.
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Zhu, Tianshu. "Reshaping the J?taka Stories: from J?takas to Avad?nas and Pra?idh?nas in Paintings at Kucha and Turfan." Buddhist Studies Review 29, no. 1 (July 13, 2012): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.v29i1.57.
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Kucha was the major Buddhist center on the Northern Route of the Silk Road, and well known for being dominated by the Sarv?stiv?da school for most of its history. Replacing the j?taka story, the avad?na story (story of causation) became the major theme depicted on the ceiling of the central-pillar caves in this area (fifth–seventh centuries). Turfan is another important cultural center in Central Asia where Buddhism once flourished. The pra?idh?na (or ‘vow’) painting, which was based on the Bhai?ajyavastu, a vinaya text of the Mulasarv?stiv?da school, was a unique subject normally appearing on the walls of Buddhist caves in Turfan (ninth twelfth centuries). Both the avad?na and pra?idh?na stories are derived from j?taka stories, with significant shifts of focus, as well as of the format of the narrative. In this paper, through studying the avad?na and vow paintings at Kucha and Turfan, and comparing them with j?takas in early Buddhist art, I attempt to show how j?taka stories were transformed for different doctrinal messages of Buddhist teaching in some late ‘H?nay?na’ schools, namely Sarv?stiv?da and Mulasarv?stiv?da, and how the visual representations mirror the narrative styles in Buddhist texts.
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Gupta, Rohtash Chand. "Indian marsh mugger and its tunnel residency behavioural patterns in a sanctuary premises in Haryana, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i1.148.
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The present studies endeavour to focus attention on the Tunnel behavior of Indian Marsh Mugger in “Bhor Sainda Crocodile Sanctuary” in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state in India. The Sanctuary premises are spread over an area of about 25-30 Acres with a good marshy land and a central earth mound which is having 12-15 tunnels. Observations reveal that Indian Marsh Mugger is accustomed to spend time in Tunnels during the night without any exception in normal conditions. However, if the tunnels are damaged due to one or the other reason,then Muggers may compulsively stray in the open during night time. All the tunnels are seldom in use at any given time.Tunnels are necessarily used for eggs laying by the females. Tunnels are in very bad shape in this Sanctuary.Tunnels are scattered on the earth mound all across with no specific pattern or style. However, most of the tunnels are located in the centre of the earth mound. Tunnels were in very good position during 1985-1990. However, now these tunnels are in very bad shape. Most of these are now stuffed with debris and appear defunct. These have directly affected the hatching of eggs which are necessarily laid in tunnels by muggers at this Sanctuary site.
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SHAKTI OM PATHAK, B.P. DHYANI, NIDHI LUTHRA, U.P. SHAHI, and GAURAV SHUKLA. "Effect of conjoint application schedules of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth, yield and economics of rice." Indian Journal of Agronomy 68, no. 4 (February 9, 2024): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5453.
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A field experiment was conducted during (kharif) summer season of 2019 and 2020 at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of integrated use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consists of fourteen treatment combinations of conjoint application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients was laid-out in randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the significant highest dry matter accumulation (1,205.90 g/m2 ) at harvest stage, leaf-area index (4.18), crop growth rate (16.34 g/m2 /day), relative growth rate (7.09 mg/g/day), grain yield (3.88 t/ha) and straw yield (6.64 t/ha) recorded in the 25% recommended N through dhaincha incorporated + 75% N through chemical fertilizer was found at par with RDF (120N : 60P : 50K) and 25% recommended N through vermicompost incorporated 10 days before transplanting + 75% N through chemical fertilizer and it was significantly superior over rest of the treatment combinations. The substitution of 25% N through incorporated dhaincha at planting was found most promising in terms of productivity, profitability and performed better than other treatments and may be recommended for farmers of Uttar Pradesh and similar agro-eco regions.
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Michel, Pelletier, and Draper Janna. "Characterization and identification of bacterial flora from infected equine hooves." International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research 8, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 050–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000113.
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Background: The aim of this study was to characterize and identify the bacterial flora associated with a specific hoof infection in a population of horses in the Rochester NY area. Methods: Samples taken from horses showing symptoms of infection were first grown on a Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) solid medium. Forty different bacterial colonies were obtained and characterized microscopically and biochemically. The identity of these bacteria was also confirmed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Results: We have identified normal inhabitants of the skin such as Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as bacteria of the genus Bacillus commonly found in soil. In addition, bacteria such as Enterococcus gallinarum and Lactobacillus normally found in the intestinal tract of mammals were recovered. Interestingly, Corynebacterium xerosis, which is known to cause animal diseases was also isolated from infected horses. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the infection affecting the horses is likely the result of the presence of multiple bacterial genera including members of the normal skin and gut flora, as well as soil bacteria.
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Agbley, Bless Lord Y., Jianping Li, Md Altab Hossin, Grace Ugochi Nneji, Jehoiada Jackson, Happy Nkanta Monday, and Edidiong Christopher James. "Federated Learning-Based Detection of Invasive Carcinoma of No Special Type with Histopathological Images." Diagnostics 12, no. 7 (July 9, 2022): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071669.
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Invasive carcinoma of no special type (IC-NST) is known to be one of the most prevalent kinds of breast cancer, hence the growing research interest in studying automated systems that can detect the presence of breast tumors and appropriately classify them into subtypes. Machine learning (ML) and, more specifically, deep learning (DL) techniques have been used to approach this problem. However, such techniques usually require massive amounts of data to obtain competitive results. This requirement makes their application in specific areas such as health problematic as privacy concerns regarding the release of patients’ data publicly result in a limited number of publicly available datasets for the research community. This paper proposes an approach that leverages federated learning (FL) to securely train mathematical models over multiple clients with local IC-NST images partitioned from the breast histopathology image (BHI) dataset to obtain a global model. First, we used residual neural networks for automatic feature extraction. Then, we proposed a second network consisting of Gabor kernels to extract another set of features from the IC-NST dataset. After that, we performed a late fusion of the two sets of features and passed the output through a custom classifier. Experiments were conducted for the federated learning (FL) and centralized learning (CL) scenarios, and the results were compared. Competitive results were obtained, indicating the positive prospects of adopting FL for IC-NST detection. Additionally, fusing the Gabor features with the residual neural network features resulted in the best performance in terms of accuracy, F1 score, and area under the receiver operation curve (AUC-ROC). The models show good generalization by performing well on another domain dataset, the breast cancer histopathological (BreakHis) image dataset. Our method also outperformed other methods from the literature.
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Christanto, Raymond, Andre Andre, Shania Foustine, and Leonny Yulita Hartiadi. "Combination of Piper betel Leaves and Areca catechu Nuts Ethanolic Extract Effects on In Vitro Antimicrobial Test against Aerobic Mouth Microbiota." Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences | ISSN: 2656-0682 (online) 1, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54250/ijls.v1i2.24.
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Introduction: Oral health awareness in Indonesia is still low with more and more oral and/or dental infection becomes more prevalent such as gingivitis, endodontitis, and pericoronitis. These infections could be caused by mouth microflora such as lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus sobrinus. As time goes by, these bacteria could also become more problematic as antibacterial resistance emerges. Betel nut and betel leaf are well known traditional herbs that is often used in combination for "nyirih"; an Indonesian tradition to chew both plants often after meal. It is believed that these plants treat bad breath and also increases oral health as it could inhibit bacterial growth. Method: Betel nut and betel leaf were dried, powdered and macerated using 96% ethanol. The extract was tested on mouth microflora of volunteers grown in BHI using agar using disk diffusion test and modified E-test strip. Results: The betel leaves extract showed antibacterial activity in most of concentration used (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) while betel nuts only gave antimicrobial effect in 10% concentration. The E-test results also showed the synergistic action between Piper betel leaves and Areca catechu nuts with some giving significant difference compared to the single treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Piper betel leaves gives antimicrobial effect with MIC value of 1.25% while Areca catechu have MIC value of 10%. Furthermore, combination of both resulted in synergistic effect as indicated with larger diameter of inhibition compared to the single treatments.
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Mousa, Wisam H., Fawziea M. Hussein, and Johain J. Faraj. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Multi-PCM Solar Storage System." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 78, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.78.1.6078.
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Latent heat storage using phase change materials (PCMs) is one of the most effective methods to store solar energy, and it can significantly reduce area for solar collectors. PCMs are isothermal in nature, and thus offer higher density energy storage and the ability to operate in a variable range of temperature conditions. In this paper, experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the solar thermal storage system based on the energy and exergy analysis. Barium Hydroxide Octahydrate (BHO) and Sodium Acetate Trihydrate (SAT) were used as PCMs inside multi-capsule system arranged in series based on their melting temperatures. These two salts never being used together in a multi capsule solar storage system before. The capsules were charged by three water flow rates of 0.5 LPM, 1 LPM and 1.5 LPM that comes from a parabolic trough collector. The experimental results showed that the maximum energy and exergy storage of 139.38 kJ and 17.15 kJ, respectively were obtained from 1 LPM. In other hand, the maximum system energy and exergy efficiencies of 64.82 % and 14.99 %, respectively were obtained from the use of 1.5 LPM.
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Kumar, Mahesh, Basanta Roul, Thirumaleshwara N. Bhat, Mohana K. Rajpalke, A. T. Kalghatgi, and S. B. Krupanidhi. "Barrier Inhomogeneity and Electrical Properties of InN Nanodots/Si Heterojunction Diodes." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/189731.
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The electrical transport behavior ofn-nindium nitride nanodot-silicon (InN ND-Si) heterostructure Schottky diodes is reported here, which have been fabricated by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. InN ND structures were grown on a 20 nm InN buffer layer on Si substrates. These dots were found to be single crystalline and grown along [0 0 0 1] direction. Temperature-dependent current density-voltage plots (J-V-T) reveal that the ideality factor (η) and Schottky barrier height (SBH) (ΦB) are temperature dependent. The incorrect values of the Richardson constant (A**) produced suggest an inhomogeneous barrier. Descriptions of the experimental results were explained by using two models. First one is barrier height inhomogeneities (BHIs) model, in which considering an effective area of the inhomogeneous contact provided a procedure for a correct determination ofA**. The Richardson constant is extracted ~110 A cm-2K-2using the BHI model and that is in very good agreement with the theoretical value of 112 A cm-2K-2. The second model uses Gaussian statistics and by this, mean barrier heightΦ0andA**were found to be 0.69 eV and 113 A cm-2K-2, respectively.
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Mühlberg, Stephanie. "Die Pathologische Myopie und die Gefahr struktureller Komplikationen mit visuellen Einschränkungen." Optometry & Contact Lenses 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54352/dozv.qgzx4205.
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Purpose. Pathological Myopie (PM) causes structural chan- ges at the posterior segment of the eye that may lead to pathological changes including severe vision loss. The aim of this paper is to describe the pathologies most commonly associated with PM. Material and Methods. The literature review includes the current state of knowledge regarding the structural changes of the posterior segment due to PM, based on theoretical and methodological literature. The selected literature includes nine studies published in 2020 – 2021 as well as reports and assessments of public institutions. Publications by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Council of Optometry (WCO), the International Myopia Institute (IMI) and the Brien Holden Vision Institute (BHVI) as well as cohort studies with children and adults from China, Singapore, Korea, Taiwan, Japan and Germany were taken into account. Results. Four eye diseases and their relationship to PM are explained and their pathological consequences described. Current therapies to improve the visual acuity in pathologies in the macula are presented. Conclusion. PM often causes structural changes in the macu- lar area. This leads to a significant loss of vision in those affec- ted. Without treatment, PM can lead to blindness. In view of the increase in myopia and the number of myopes worldwide, it is important to sensitize the population to this topic. Keywords myopic retinopathy, lacquer cracks, myopic macular dege- neration (MMD), myopic chorioretinal neovascularization (mCNV), glaucoma
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Maharani, Rahma Syarafina, Widowati Siswomiharjdo, and Siti Sunarintyas. "Pengaruh Variasi pH Saliva terhadap Perlekatan Streptococcus mutans pada Resin Komposit Nanofil." Jurnal Material Kedokteran Gigi 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jmkg.v6i2.272.
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Nanofilled composite resin restorations are in contact with saliva.Salivary pH affect the hydrolysis process and produce a surface roughness.S.mutansadhesion occur in a rough area of the oral cavity.The aim was to determine the effect of variations in salivary pHonS.mutansadhesion to nanofilled composite resin.Nanofilled composite resin(Filtex Z350XT-3M ESPE)5mm diameter and 2mm thick(N=12)were divided into three groups(n=4)and immersed in 5ml artificial saliva pH 3.5, pH 7, pH 8, incubated 14 days,37°C. Samples were soaked into saliva 1 hour,37 C. Samples were put into bacterial suspension 24 hours,37°C, diluted to 10.0.1ml of the final dilution were cultured on BHI agar, incubated 48 hours,37°C. S.mutans colonies were determined using Colony Counter(CFU/ml). Data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA test(a=0.05) and LSD0.05. The test showed there is influence ofthe variations in salivary pHonS.mutans adhesionto nanofilled composite resin(p<0.05). Based on LSD0.05 test, there are significant differences between the pH 3.5 group and the pH 7; pH 8 groups, butnot between the pH 7group and the pH 8 group. Variations in salivary pH affectedS.mutansadhesion to nanofilled composite resin.The acidic pH of saliva increased the S.mutansadhesion on nanofilled composite resin compared with the neutral or alkaline.
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Puspasari, Ervina Ryan, Yanuartono Yanuartono, Sri Hartati, Slamet Rahardjo, Alfarisa Nururrozi, and Soedarmanto Indarjulianto. "Isolasi dan identifikasi Staphylococcus Epidermidis pada susu sapi PFH penderita mastitis subklinis di Wukirsari, Cangkringan, Sleman, DIY." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 28, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2018.028.02.04.
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Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, can be occured clinically or subclinically. One of the causes of mastitis is <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>. This study was aimed to isolate and identify <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> in subclinical mastitis PFH dairy cows in Wukirsari, Cangkringan, Sleman, DIY. Sixteen milk samples were tested with a Californian Mastitis Test (CMT), followed by inoculation in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), planted on a blood agar plate plate (PAD) and Mac Conkey Agar (MCA) for 24 hours at 37<sup>0</sup>C. The growing colonies were then grown on sugar sugar and nutrient agar (NA) media. Gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test and DNase test as bacteria confirmation.CMT test results showed 15 (93.75%) out of 16 positive milk samples suffered from subclinical mastitis. Results of isolation showed 1 (6.66%)of 16 positive samples infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis.The results of this study indicate that incidence of subclinical mastitis in the study area showed a high rate and is likely to be caused by inadequate management practices and milking procedures. The high incidence of subclinical mastitis is probably caused by other bacteria because only 6.66% is caused by <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>.