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1
Fong, Hiu-fai, Mahader Tamene, Debra S. Morley, Anita Morris, Maria G. Estela, Amanda Singerman, and Megan H. Bair-Merritt. "Perceptions of the Implementation of Pediatric Behavioral Health Integration in 3 Community Health Centers." Clinical Pediatrics 58, no. 11-12 (August 9, 2019): 1201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922819867454.
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Pediatric behavioral health integration (BHI) represents a promising approach to address unmet child mental health need but little research exists to guide BHI implementation. Through in-depth interviews with 38 professionals involved in a comprehensive pediatric BHI initiative at 3 community health centers, we explored perceptions of the impact of BHI on clinical practice, and facilitators and barriers to BHI implementation. Professionals identified 2 overarching themes about the impact of BHI on clinical practice (greater interdisciplinary collaboration/communication and enhanced provider wellness); 5 themes about facilitators of BHI (staff buy-in for BHI, leadership support, staff belonging to the same team culturally and/or structurally, co-location with close physical proximity, and data-driven quality improvement); and 5 themes about barriers to BHI (inadequate clinician staffing, insufficient space, limited provider time, billing/reimbursement issues, and care coordination challenges). Future pediatric BHI efforts may consider these findings to develop strategies to promote facilitators and reduce barriers during implementation.
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Khatib, Riad, Kathleen Riederer, Mamta Sharma, Stephen Shemes, Sugantha P. Iyer, and Susan Szpunar. "Screening for Intermediately Vancomycin-Susceptible and Vancomycin-Heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus by Use of Vancomycin-Supplemented Brain Heart Infusion Agar Biplates: Defining Growth Interpretation Criteria Based on Gold Standard Confirmation." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 11 (August 26, 2015): 3543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01620-15.
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BHI agars supplemented with vancomycin 4 (BHI-V4) and 3 (BHI-V3) mg/liter have been proposed for screening vancomycin intermediately susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(VISA) and heteroresistant (hVISA) phenotypes, respectively, but growth interpretation criteria have not been established. We reviewed the growth results (CFU) during population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) of consecutive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) blood isolates, which were saved intermittently between 1996 and 2012. CFU counts on BHI-V4 and BHI-V3 plates were stratified according to PAP-AUC interpretive criteria: <0.90 (susceptible [S-MRSA]), 0.90 to 1.3 (hVISA), and >1.3 (VISA). CFU cutoffs that best predict VISA and hVISA were determined with the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Mu3, Mu50, and methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) controls were included. We also prospectively evaluated manufacturer-made BHI-V3/BHI-V4 biplates for screening of 2010-2012 isolates. The PAP-AUC of 616 clinical samples was consistent with S-MRSA, hVISA, and VISA in 550 (89.3%), 48 (7.8%), and 18 (2.9%) instances, respectively. For VISA screening on BHI-V4, a cutoff of 2 CFU/droplet provided 100% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity. To distinguish VISA from hVISA, a cutoff of 16 CFU provided 83.3% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity; the specificity was lowered to 89.5% with a 12-CFU cutoff. For detecting hVISA/VISA on BHI-V3, a 2-CFU/droplet cutoff provided 98.5% sensitivity and 93.8% specificity. These results suggest that 2-CFU/droplet cutoffs on BHI-V4 and BHI-V3 best approximate VISA and hVISA gold standard confirmation, respectively, with minimal overlap in samples with borderline PAP-AUC. Simultaneous screening for VISA/hVISA on manufacturer-made BHI-V4/BHI-V3 biplates is easy to standardize and may reduce the requirement for PAP-AUC confirmation.
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Jacobs, Christine, Jay A. Brieler, Joanne Salas, Renée M. Betancourt, and Peter F. Cronholm. "Integrated Behavioral Health Care in Family Medicine Residencies." Family Medicine 50, no. 5 (May 2, 2018): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2018.639260.
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Background and Objectives: Behavioral health integration (BHI) in primary care settings is critical to mental health care in the United States. Family medicine resident experience in BHI in family medicine residency (FMR) continuity clinics is essential preparation for practice. We surveyed FMR program directors to characterize the status of BHI in FMR training. Methods: Using the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) 2017 survey, FMR program directors (n=478, 261 respondents, 54.6% response rate) were queried regarding the stage of BHI within the residency family medicine center (FMC), integration activities at the FMC, and the professions of the BH faculty. BHI was characterized by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Agency (SAMHSA) designations within FMRs, and chi-square or ANOVA with Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc testing was used to assess differences in reported BHI attributes. Results: Program directors reported a high level of BHI in their FMCs (44.1% full integration, 33.7% colocated). Higher levels of BHI were associated with increased use of warm handoffs, same day consultation, shared health records, and the use of behavioral health (BH) professionals for both mental health and medical issues. Family physicians, psychiatrists, and psychologists were most likely to be training residents in BHI. Conclusions: Almost half of FMR programs have colocated BH care or fully integrated BH as defined by SAMHSA. Highly integrated FMRs use a diversity of behavioral professionals and activities. Residencies currently at the collaboration stage could increase BH provider types and BHI practices to better prepare residents for practice. Residencies with full BHI may consider focusing on supporting BHI-trained residents transitioning into practice, or disseminating the model in the general primary care community.
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Christiansen, Jens Sandahl. "Switching to Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 in Patients Uncontrolled on Human Premix Insulin." European Endocrinology 7, no. 2 (2010): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2011.07.02.124.
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Two cases relating to switching from biphasic human insulin 30 (BHI 30) to biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) are described. Case 1: switching from BHI 30 to BIAsp 30 due to inadequate glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) control. Case 2: switching from BHI to BIAsp 30 due to nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Case 1: HbA1cfell from 7.9 % with BHI to 6.9 % with BIAsp 30 at the six-month follow-up. Postprandial glucose (PPG) fell from 12.6 mmol/l with BHI to 9.1 mmol/l with BIAsp 30. Case 2: a man who had experienced recurrent nocturnal hypoglycaemia with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) or BHI was able to maintain his glycaemic control without severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia with BIAsp 30. BIAsp 30 offers advantages over BHI 30 in terms of faster absorption, higher peak concentrations, and a more rapid and pronounced prandial glucose-lowering effect, which means that BIAsp 30 can improve PPG control and reduce the risk of nocturnal and major hypoglycaemic episodes.
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Gaballa, Ahmed, Sriya Sunil, Etienne Doll, Sarah I. Murphy, Tyler Bechtel, Veronica Guariglia-Oropeza, and Martin Wiedmann. "Characterization of the roles of activated charcoal and Chelex in the induction of PrfA regulon expression in complex medium." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): e0250989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250989.
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The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is able to survive across a wide range of intra- and extra-host environments by appropriately modulating gene expression patterns in response to different stimuli. Positive Regulatory Factor A (PrfA) is the major transcriptional regulator of virulence gene expression in L. monocytogenes. It has long been known that activated charcoal is required to induce the expression of PrfA-regulated genes in complex media, such as Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), but not in chemically defined media. In this study, we show that the expression of the PrfA-regulated hly, which encodes listeriolysin O, is induced 5- and 8-fold in L. monocytogenes cells grown in Chelex-treated BHI (Ch-BHI) and in the presence of activated charcoal (AC-BHI), respectively, relative to cells grown in BHI medium. Specifically, we show that metal ions present in BHI broth plays a role in the reduced expression of the PrfA regulon. In addition, we show that expression of hly is induced when the levels of bioavailable extra- or intercellular iron are reduced. L. monocytogenes cells grown Ch-BHI and AC-BHI media showed similar levels of resistance to the iron-activated antibiotic, streptonigrin, indicating that activated charcoal reduces the intracellular labile iron pool. Metal depletion and exogenously added glutathione contributed synergistically to PrfA-regulated gene expression since glutathione further increased hly expression in metal-depleted BHI but not in BHI medium. Analyses of transcriptional reporter fusion expression patterns revealed that genes in the PrfA regulon are differentially expressed in response to metal depletion, metal excess and exogenous glutathione. Our results suggest that metal ion abundance plays a role in modulating expression of PrfA-regulated virulence genes in L. monocytogenes.
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Buratti, Laura, Giovanna Viticchi, Lorenzo Falsetti, Clotilde Balucani, Claudia Altamura, Cristina Petrelli, Leandro Provinciali, Fabrizio Vernieri, and Mauro Silvestrini. "Thresholds of impaired cerebral hemodynamics that predict short-term cognitive decline in asymptomatic carotid stenosis." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 10 (July 22, 2016): 1804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x15613526.
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Subjects with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) may be at risk of cognitive impairment due to cerebral hypoperfusion. In this study, we aimed to detect a threshold of cerebral hemodynamics which is able to identify subjects at risk of cognitive deterioration. In subjects with ACS, cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVR) was assessed with the breath-holding index (BHI) transcranial Doppler-based method. Cognitive deterioration was defined as a decrease in the MMSE score by ≥2 points after one year. In order to define the threshold of impaired BHI, a ROC curve analysis was performed adopting the binary difference of MMSE score as the outcome and continuous BHI as the testing variable. A total of 548 subjects completed the follow-up. Cognitive deterioration was observed in 119 patients (21.7%). The BHI value ipsilateral to the stenosis was the strongest predictor of cognitive deterioration among the variables tested. The best cut-point to discriminate between normal and abnormal BHI resulted ≤0.89. The post-test probability of cognitive deterioration for an abnormal BHI was 44%, while a normal BHI showed a post-test probability of 9% for the same outcome. The present investigation provides a threshold of reduced CVR that can be useful to identify subjects with ACS at risk of cognitive deterioration.
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Kumar, Sudeep, Raju Sunagar, Giang Pham, Brian J. Franz, and Edmund J. Gosselin. "Modulation of Protective Efficacy of Fracisella tularensis Immunogens by Differential Cultivation in Mueler Hinton Broth Versus Brain Heart Infusion Medium." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 76.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.76.25.
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Abstract Francisella tularensis (Ft) can survive in a variety of habitats with a remarkable ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. For example, Ft expresses a distinct set of antigens (Ags) in the macrophage, which are not expressed in Ft grown in vitro with Mueler Hinton Broth (MHB) medium. In contrast, Ft grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium exhibits an antigenic profile more closely resembling that of in vivo growth conditions. In addition, studies also suggest an alteration in immunological properties of Ft when grown in BHI versus MHB medium. Thus, we investigated the protective efficacy of BHI and MHB-grown Ft, when inactivated and used as an immunogen to protect against Ft LVS challenge. Inactivated Ft (iFt) generated in MHB (iFt-MHB) was found to have superior protective efficacy as compared to that of the iFt generated in BHI (iFt-BHI). The enhanced protection generated by iFt- MHB-immunized mice was also associated with lower bacterial burden and sepsis-like conditions in the lungs and spleens of iFt-MHB versus iFt-BHI-immunized mice. Further evaluation of early immunological events revealed, in the case of iFt-MHB immunogen, superior Ag binding to Ag-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), increased MHC class II expression by DCs, and enhanced Ag presentation by DCs, as apposed to the use of iFt-BHI. Also, iFt-MHB induced increased levels of Ft-specific IgG as well as IFNg and IL17 production versus that of iFt-BHI. These studies thus demonstrate the critical importance of considering bacterial growth medium in Ft vaccine development.
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Lucic-Prokin, Aleksandra, Petar Slankamenac, Pavle Kovacevic, Svetlana Ruzicka-Kaloci, and Zeljko Zivanovic. "Cerebral vasomotor reactivity and apnea test in symptomatic and asymptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 143, no. 9-10 (2015): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1510520l.
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Introduction. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR) represents an autoregulatory response of the arterial trunks on the specific vasoactive stimuli, most commonly CO2. Objective. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare VMR in high-grade symptomatic (SCAS) and asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACAS), using the apnea test to evaluate the hemodynamic status. Methods. The study included 50 patients who were hospitalized at the neurology and vascular surgery departments as part of preparation for carotid endarterectomy. We evaluated VMR by calculating the breath holding index (BHI) in 34 patients with SCAS and 16 patients with ACAS, with isolated high-grade carotid stenosis. We evaluated the impact of risk factors and collateral circulation on BHI, as well as the correlation between the degree of carotid stenosis and BHI. Results. A pathological BHI was more frequent in the SCAS group (p<0.01). There was no difference in the range of BHI values between the groups, both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. Only male gender was associated with pathological BHI in both groups (p<0.05). Collateral circulation did not exist in over 60% of all subjects. We confirmed a negative correlation between the degree of carotid stenosis and BHI. Conclusion. SCAS and ACAS patients present with different hemodynamics. While ACAS patients have stable hemodynamics, combination of hemodynamic and thromboembolic effects is characteristic of SCAS patients.
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WONDERLING, LAURA D., and DARRELL O. BAYLES. "Survival of Listeria monocytogenes Strain H7762 and Resistance to Simulated Gastric Fluid following Exposure to Frankfurter Exudate†." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 1170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1170.
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Listeria monocytogenes strain H7762, a frankfurter isolate, was tested to determine whether it was able to survive at 4°C in frankfurter pack fluid (exudate) and to determine whether food exposure affects its acid sensitivity. Cultures were sampled and tested for acid sensitivity by challenge with simulated gastric fluid (SGF). SGF challenges performed immediately after inoculation revealed that between 20 and 26% of the cells survived the full 30 min of SGF challenge regardless of whether the cells were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth (BHI) or exudate. After 2 days of incubation, cells exposed to both exudate and BHI had significantly decreased SGF resistance; however, the cells exposed to exudate were significantly more SGF resistant than cells exposed to BHI (after 15 min of SGF treatment, 33% of the exudate-exposed cells survived and 12% of the BHI-exposed cells survived). L. monocytogenes exposed to exudate had greater SGF resistance at all challenge times compared with BHI-exposed cells from day 2 through day 4. From days 8 to 15, exudate-exposed cells continued to have greater SGF resistance than BHI-exposed cells up to 10 min of SGF challenge but were as sensitive as the BHI-exposed cells at 20 to 30 min of challenge. By day 25, cells exposed to exudate were significantly more sensitive to SGF challenge than BHI-exposed cells. The survivor data generated from SGF challenges were modeled by a nonlinear regression analysis to calculate the underlying distribution of SGF resistance found in the challenged populations. These analyses indicated that L. monocytogenes exposed to exudate at 48C had a broader distribution of resistance to SGF compared with cells exposed to BHI at 4°C. In addition, the mean time of death during SGF treatment was greater after exposure to exudate, indicating that cells exposed to exudate were more resistant to killing by SGF. These data suggest that exposure to frankfurter exudate might render L. monocytogenes more able to survive the stomach environment during the initial stages of infection.
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Dai, Jianying, Yuzhen He, Jiahao Fang, Hui Wang, Liang Chao, Liang Zhao, Zhanying Hong, and Yifeng Chai. "In Vitro Evaluation of the Interaction of Seven Biologically Active Components in Anemarrhenae rhizoma with P-gp." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 8556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238556.
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The efficacy and pharmacokinetics of the biologically active components in Anemarrhenae rhizoma (AR) would be affected by the interaction of P-glycoprotein(P-gp) and effective components in AR. However, little is known about the interaction between them. The goal of this research was to examine the transmembrane absorption of timosaponin AIII(TAIII), timosaponin BII(TBII), sarsasapogenin (SSG), mangiferin(MGF), neomangiferin(NMGF), isomangiferin(IMGF), and baohuosideI(BHI) in AR and their interaction with P-gp. Seven effective components in AR(TAIII, TBII, SSG, MGF, NMGF, IMGF, and BHI) were investigated, and MDCK-MDR1 cells were used as the transport cell model. CCK-8 assays, bidirectional transport assays, and Rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) transport assays were determined in the MDCK-MDR1 cells. LC/MS was applied to the quantitative analysis of TAIII, TBII, MGF, NMGF, IMGF, SSG, and BHI in transport samples. The efflux ratio of MGF, TAIII, TBII, and BHI was greater than 2 and significantly descended with the co-administration of Verapamil, indicating MGF, TAIII, TBII, and BHI as the substrates of P-gp. The efflux ratio of the seven effective components in the extracts (10 mg/mL) of AR decreased from 3.00~1.08 to 1.92~0.48. Compared to the efflux ratio of Rh-123 in the control group (2.46), the efflux ratios of Rh-123 were 1.22, 1.27, 1.25, 1.09, 1.31, and 1.47 by the addition of TAIII, TBII, MGF, IMGF, NMGF, and BHI, respectively, while the efflux ratio of Rh-123 with the co-administration of SSG had no statistical difference compared to the control group. These results indicated that MGF, TAIII, TBII, and BHI could be the substrates of P-gp. TAIII, TBII, MGF, IMGF, NMGF, and BHI show the effect of inhibiting P-gp function, respectively. These findings provide important basic pharmacological data to assist the therapeutic development of AR constituents and extracts.
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Rajan, Roopa, Dheeraj Khurana, and Vivek Lal. "Interictal cerebral and systemic endothelial dysfunction in patients with migraine: a case–control study." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 86, no. 11 (December 30, 2014): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2014-309571.
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BackgroundAlthough systemic endothelial function is unimpaired in migraine, it is unknown whether cerebral endothelial function impairment exists in migraineurs.Materials and methodsWe conducted a prospective study to assess endothelial function in migraineurs (n=45) and healthy volunteers (n=44). Cerebral endothelial function was assessed by Breath Holding Index (BHI) on transcranial Doppler in bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA at 30–60 mm), posterior cerebral artery (PCA at 60–80 mm) and basilar artery (BA at 80–120 mm) using bilateral monitoring probes fixed on headband. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used as measure of systemic endothelial function.ResultsThere was no difference in baseline mean velocities of MCA, PCA, BA among migraineurs and controls. Mean BHI was significantly lower in PCA (p<0.001) and BA (p<0.001) in patients with migraine with no difference in MCA (p=0.909, 0.450). Cerebral endothelial dysfunction (BHI<1.15) was present in 62.2% of migraineurs in the right PCA (p<0.001), 57.8% in left PCA (p<0.001) and 77.8% in BA (BHI <0.83, p<0.001). There was no difference in BHI among migraineurs without and with aura (n=15). Cerebral and systemic endothelial function had no correlation in migraineurs. Increasing BMI was identified as a predictor of impaired BHI in the BA in migraineurs (p=0.020). Age, sex, presence of aura, lateralisation of headache, headache frequency, time to last attack and impaired FMD were not associated with impaired PCA and BA BHI in migraineurs.ConclusionsMigraineurs may have isolated cerebral endothelial dysfunction restricted to the posterior circulation in the absence of systemic endothelial dysfunction.
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Kenton, Natalie, Nicole Bouranis, Emily J. Cox, Laura Jacobson, and Bill J. Wright. "Evaluation of Shared Experiences Among Patients and Providers Following Behavioral Health Integration in Primary Care." Journal of Patient Experience 8 (January 2021): 237437352110632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735211063296.
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Behavioral health integration (BHI) changes the paradigm of primary care delivery by integrating behavioral healthcare into primary care. Thus, BHI likely alters the shared experiences of both patients and providers in an interrelated manner; however, their experiences are usually evaluated separately. The purpose of this study was to analyze these shared experiences together within patient–provider pairs in integrated clinics. First, patient interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview guides and transcripts were analyzed for major themes of patient experience. Next, providers named in patient interviews were interviewed around these same themes. Thematic analysis was performed on 18 transcripts (11 patients, 7 providers). Common themes included BHI experience, pain management, feeling heard by providers, and health care experiences. Areas of alignment included positive perception of BHI, an absence of long-term care, and a desire to share decision-making. Pain management was a persistent area of conflict, and the differing experiences were consistent with a change in the psychodynamic patient–provider model. This conflict highlights a gap in BHI and a need for provider education about psychodynamic relationship models.
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CHOU, CHENG-CHUN, and LI-FEN CHEN. "Enterotoxin Production by Staphylococcus warneri CCRC 12929, a Coagulase-Negative strain." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.8.923.
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Production of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and enterotoxin D (SED) by Staphylococcus warneri was first examined in three different media including brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, NZ-amine (NZA) medium, and 3 + 3 medium containing 3% NZ-amine A plus 3% Hy-Case Amino. Results of these investigations revealed that S. warneri produced the highest amount of SEA in BHI broth. SED yields were higher when BHI broth or NZA medium was used as the culture medium. On the other hand, SEA and SED production was found to be lowest in 3 + 3 medium. Further study showed that the optimum pH, for both SEA production and SED production was 7.0. Addition of 10% (wt/vol) sodium chloride to BHI broth reduced enterotoxin production by S. warneri. SEA production was reduced and SED production was completely inhibited in the presence of 15% (wt/vol) NaCl. Supplementation of the media with 0.4 or 1.5 mM magnesium sulfate markedly reduced SED production by S. warneri. Reduced production of both SEA and SED was also observed when BHI broth was supplemented with 0.1 M glucose or glycerol.
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Chang, Wenjiao, Ding Ding, Shanshan Zhang, Yuanyuan Dai, Qing Pan, Huaiwei Lu, Qingli Luo, Jilong Shen, and Xiaoling Ma. "Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Grown on Vancomycin-Supplemented Screening Agar Displays Enhanced Biofilm Formation." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 12 (October 12, 2015): 7906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00568-15.
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ABSTRACTBrain heart infusion agar containing 3 mg/liter vancomycin (BHI-V3) was used to screen for heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediateStaphylococcus aureus(hVISA). There was markedly greater biofilm formation by isolates that grew on BHI-V3 than by strains that did not grow on BHI-V3. Increased biofilm formation by hVISA may be mediated by FnbA- and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin-dependent pathways, and upregulation ofatlAandsarAmay also contribute to enhanced biofilm formation by hVISA upon prolonged exposure to vancomycin.
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IOMICKA, ALICIA, JINRU CHEN, SHAI BARBUT, and MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS. "Survival of Bioluminescent Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Model System Representing Fermented Sausage Production." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.12.1487.
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The combined effect of starter culture (107 CPU of lactic acid bacteria per ml), dextrose (0.8%), sodium chloride (2%), nitrite (200 ppm), and temperature (37 and 22°C) on survival of bioluminescent Escherichia coli O157:H7 (l00 to 105 CPU/ml) in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was determined. Two model systems representing fermented sausage production were evaluated. The first was the “American style” employing high-temperature (37°C) and short-time (1-day) fermentation. The second was the “European style” in which 22°C was used for 3 days. After fermentation, the samples were stored at 10°C and the survival of E. coli O157:H7 was monitored over an extended period of time. In the “American style” model, E. coli O157:H7 survived a more than 34-day period in BHI containing starter culture and dextrose, while it survived for a more than 51-day period in BHI containing starter culture, dextrose, sodium chloride, and nitrite. In the “European style” model, the survival time of E. coli O157:H7 during fermentation was longer in BHI containing starter culture and dextrose than in BHI containing starter culture, dextrose, sodium chloride, and nitrite. E. coli O157:H7 did not survive past 9 days in BHI containing starter culture and dextrose. Similarly, in BHI containing starter culture, dextrose, sodium chloride, and nitrite the lower E. coli O157:H7 inoculations (l00 to 104 CFU/ml) did not survive past 9 days; however, at higher inoculum levels (≥105 CFU/ml) the organism survived more than 30 days. In conclusion, the lower temperature and longer fermentation time (“European style”) is better for elimination of E. coli O157:H7 from a model system representing a fermented sausage production than fermentation at high temperature and short time (“American style”).
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Wijesinghe, Gayan, Ayomi Dilhari, Buddhika Gayani, Nilwala Kottegoda, Lakshman Samaranayake, and Manjula Weerasekera. "Influence of Laboratory Culture Media on in vitro Growth, Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus." Medical Principles and Practice 28, no. 1 (October 23, 2018): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494757.
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Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus dual-species biofilm infections are notoriously difficult to manage. This study aimed at investigating the influence of four different culture media on the planktonic growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Materials and Methods: We monitored four different culture media including Nutrient Broth, Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, Luria-Bertani broth, and RPMI 1640 medium on the planktonic growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) using MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The most robust growth of the mono- and dual-species cultures was noted in BHI broth. On the contrary, RPMI 1640 medium promoted maximal initial adhesion of both the mono- and dual-species, but BHI broth fostered the maximal biofilm growth. SEM images showed profuse extracellular polysaccharide production in biofilms, particularly in coculture, in BHI medium. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that BHI broth, relative to the other tested media, is the most conducive for in vitro evaluation of biofilm and planktonic growth kinetics of these two pathogens, both in mono- and coculture.
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Oliveira, Renato Ventresqui, Lívio da Silva Amaral, Cristiane Aparecida Milagres, Celso Tadeu Barbosa Santos, Afonso Pelli, and Aline Dias Paiva. "Assessment of temperature and acid tolerance of Bacillus subtilis isolated from a Brazilian fruit juice-added soy beverage." Interação 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/inter-105-s103-p38-48.
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Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming bacterium and an important food contaminant. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of B. subtilis spores to survive under conditions of low pH and high temperature. The package was purchased at a local supermarket, in Uberaba, Minas Gerais. A sample was collected, diluted and plated on Brain-Heart-Infusion agar (BHI). After incubation, suspected colonies of B. subtilis were transferred to BHI agar. Cell morphology, the presence of spores and Gram stain were examined, and the isolate was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing . The microscope evaluation indicated the presence of spores. The thermal tolerance of the spores was evaluated by the addition of 3x109spores/mL in test tubes containing peptone water. Heat treatments were carried out at 80 and 90°C at different incubation times (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min). After heating, the tubes were cooled and the number of viable spores was determined in BHI Agar. For the analysis of spore survival, D and Z values were calculated. Tolerance to acid conditions was evaluated using BHI broth with different pH values. After incubation, the bacterial concentration was determined by determining viable cell count on BHI Agar medium. The vegetative cells were transferred to the BHI broth and the pH was adjusted to different values (3, 4 or 5). Sampling were taken 8, 12 and 24 h after incubation. The samples were serially diluted in peptone water and spread in BHI Agar to determine the viable cell count . The 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated high similarity (99.99%) with B. subtilis. D values were 17.01 min at 80°C and 13.42 min at 90°C. The Z-value was 97.13°C. B. subtilis was not able to grow at pH 3 and pH 4, but its survival was confirmed after the growth of colonies on BHI agar. At pH 5, B. subtilis grew after 24 h and the final pH changed to 7. Our results suggest that the spores of B. subtilis isolated from fruit juice-added soy beverage are tolerant to low pH and high temperature.
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KAR, K. "Folic acid the essential supplement to brain heart infusion broth for cultivation and cloning of Leishmania donovani promastigotes." Parasitology 115, no. 3 (September 1997): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182097001340.
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Multiplication of virulent and avirulent Leishmania donovani promastigotes was inhibited by brain heart infusion broth (BHI) (3·7%) supplemented with haemolysed or whole blood (2·5–10%) or heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (HIFBS) (10–20%). Peptone, glutamine, tryptophan, purine bases, ribonucleosides, deoxyribonucleosides, B-vitamins and vitamin C were evaluated for the reversal of this growth inhibition. Supplementation of BHI with folic acid further supplemented with haemolysed rabbit blood or HIFBS and haemin supported propagation in serial subpassages of 2 primary isolates and 3 other virulent strains of L. donovani and 1 strain of L. major. Folic acid supplemented BHI with 3% rabbit blood in solid phase with 0·7% agar also supported the colony formation of L. donovani. This manuscript documents the development of high efficiency media for the cultivation of L. donovani promastigotes in liquid phase and as colonies on agar plates using BHI as a basal medium.
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Millard-Stafford, Mindy, Teresa K. Snow, Michael L. Jones, and HyunGyu Suh. "The Beverage Hydration Index: Influence of Electrolytes, Carbohydrate and Protein." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092933.
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The beverage hydration index (BHI) facilitates a comparison of relative hydration properties of beverages using water as the standard. The additive effects of electrolytes, carbohydrate, and protein on rehydration were assessed using BHI. Nineteen healthy young adults completed four test sessions in randomized order: deionized water (W), electrolytes only (E), carbohydrate-electrolytes (C + E), and 2 g/L dipeptide (alanyl-glutamine)-electrolytes (AG + E). One liter of beverage was consumed, after which urine and body mass were obtained every 60 min through 240 min. Compared to W, BHI was higher (p = 0.007) for C + E (1.15 ± 0.17) after 120 min and for AG + E (p = 0.021) at 240 min (1.15 ± 0.20). BHI did not differ (p > 0.05) among E, C + E, or AG + E; however, E contributed the greatest absolute net effect (>12%) on BHI relative to W. Net fluid balance was lower for W (p = 0.048) compared to C + E and AG + E after 120 min. AG + E and E elicited higher (p < 0.001) overall urine osmolality vs. W. W also elicited greater reports of stomach bloating (p = 0.02) compared to AG + E and C + E. The addition of electrolytes alone (in the range of sports drinks) did not consistently improve BHI versus water; however, the combination with carbohydrate or dipeptides increased fluid retention, although this occurred earlier for the sports drink than the dipeptide beverage. Electrolyte content appears to make the largest contribution in hydration properties of beverages for young adults when consumed at rest.
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Lappin, J. M., C. Morgan, S. Chalavi, K. D. Morgan, A. A. T. S. Reinders, P. Fearon, M. Heslin, et al. "Bilateral hippocampal increase following first-episode psychosis is associated with good clinical, functional and cognitive outcomes." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 6 (July 18, 2013): 1279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001712.
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BackgroundHippocampal pathology has been proposed to underlie clinical, functional and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. The hippocampus is a highly plastic brain region; examining change in volume, or change bilaterally, over time, can advance understanding of the substrate of recovery in psychosis.MethodMagnetic resonance imaging and outcome data were collected at baseline and 6-year follow-up in 42 first-episode psychosis subjects and 32 matched controls, to investigate whether poorer outcomes are associated with loss of global matter and hippocampal volumes. Bilateral hippocampal increase (BHI) over time, as a marker of hippocampal plasticity was hypothesized to be associated with better outcomes. Regression analyses were performed on: (i) clinical and functional outcomes with grey matter volume change and BHI as predictor variables; and (ii) cognitive outcome with BHI as predictor.ResultsBHI was present in 29% of psychosis participants. There was no significant grey matter loss over time in either patient or control groups. Less severe illness course and lesser symptom severity were associated with BHI, but not with grey matter change. Employment and global function were associated with BHI and with less grey matter loss. Superior delayed verbal recall was also associated with BHI.ConclusionsBHI occurs in a minority of patients following their first psychotic episode and is associated with good outcome across clinical, functional and cognitive domains.
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Pavicic Ivelja, Mirela, Kresimir Dolic, Leida Tandara, Nikola Perkovic, Antonio Mestrovic, and Ivo Ivic. "Blood markers of endothelial dysfunction and their correlation to cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection." PeerJ 9 (January 14, 2021): e10723. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10723.
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Although liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are major consequences of hepatitis C (HCV), there has been an increasing number of studies examining extrahepatic manifestations, especially those caused by systemic chronic inflammation and metabolic complications that might predispose HCV patients to atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The aim of our study was to assess E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and VEGF-A serum levels in patients with chronic HCV infection and to correlate them with cerebrovascular reactivity. A blood sample was taken from eighteen patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and from the same number of healthy blood donors in the control group. The aim was to analyse markers of endothelial dysfunction and to correlate them with cerebrovascular reactivity expressed as breath-holding index (BHI) determined using transcranial color Doppler. The obtained results revealed significant differences between the groups in all endothelial markers except for the E selectin. While the ICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were significantly increased in the hepatitis group, VEGF-A was significantly decreased. A significant reduction of 0.5 (95% CI 0.2, 0.8) in the mean BHI was found in the hepatitis group (mean BHI 0.64) compared to controls (mean BHI 1.10). No significant association between the BHI and any of the endothelial markers was found in the control group, while in the hepatitis group, the scatter plot of ICAM-1 vs BHI suggested that the association might be present. In conclusion, the results of this study confirm an association between a chronic HCV infection and altered cerebrovascular reactivity as well as higher levels of markers of endothelial activation (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) as possible indicators of an increased CVD risk.
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Hazlett, Karsten R. O., Seth D. Caldon, Debbie G. McArthur, Kerry A. Cirillo, Girish S. Kirimanjeswara, Micheal L. Magguilli, Meenakshi Malik, et al. "Adaptation of Francisella tularensis to the Mammalian Environment Is Governed by Cues Which Can Be Mimicked In Vitro." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 10 (July 21, 2008): 4479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00610-08.
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ABSTRACT The intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis survives in mammals, arthropods, and freshwater amoeba. It was previously established that the conventional media used for in vitro propagation of this microbe do not yield bacteria that mimic those harvested from infected mammals; whether these in vitro-cultivated bacteria resemble arthropod- or amoeba-adapted Francisella is unknown. As a foundation for our goal of identifying F. tularensis outer membrane proteins which are expressed during mammalian infection, we first sought to identify in vitro cultivation conditions that induce the bacterium's infection-derived phenotype. We compared Francisella LVS grown in brain heart infusion broth (BHI; a standard microbiological medium rarely used in Francisella research) to that grown in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB; the most widely used F. tularensis medium, used here as a negative control) and macrophages (a natural host cell, used here as a positive control). BHI- and macrophage-grown F. tularensis cells showed similar expression of MglA-dependent and MglA-independent proteins; expression of the MglA-dependent proteins was repressed by the supraphysiological levels of free amino acids present in MHB. We observed that during macrophage infection, protein expression by intracellular bacteria differed from that by extracellular bacteria; BHI-grown bacteria mirrored the latter, while MHB-grown bacteria resembled neither. Naïve macrophages responding to BHI- and macrophage-grown bacteria produced markedly lower levels of proinflammatory mediators than those in cells exposed to MHB-grown bacteria. In contrast to MHB-grown bacteria, BHI-grown bacteria showed minimal delay during intracellular replication. Cumulatively, our findings provide compelling evidence that growth in BHI yields bacteria which recapitulate the phenotype of Francisella organisms that have emerged from macrophages.
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CASIS. "Black Hebrew Israelites." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v3i1.2362.
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The purpose of this briefing note is to examine the escalation to violence of Violent Transnational Social Movements (VTSM), specifically the Black Hebrew Israelites (BHI). The BHI is a more than 100-year-old group that has arguably been in the political background for the past two decades and appears to have escalated from using soft violence tactics to kinetic violence after the Jersey City Deli Shooting. This briefing note primarily focuses on the BHI and their role as a VTSM that uses soft violence and symbolic power as a means to deliver their message. For further information on VTSMs, please visit the Canadian Centre for Identity-Based Conflict.
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Matsuzaki, T., R. Matsumoto, T. Tajima, and K. Shibata. "Three Dimensional MHD Simulations of Parker Instability in Differentially Rotating Disk." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 163 (1997): 766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100043876.
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AbstractNonlinear growth of the Parker instability (PI) and the Balbus & Hawley instability (BHI) in accretion disks have been studied by local three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. In high-β disks (β = Pgas/Pmag > 1), the PI has only minor effects on the saturation level of BHI. In low β disks (β ≤ 1), the disk stays in a low-β state because magnetic flux cannot escape fast enough to convert the disk into a high-β state. We found that even in low-β disk the BHI generates fluctuating magnetic fields. The effective magnetic viscosity αB(= –⟨BrBΦ/4πP0⟩) is O(0.1) when β ~ 1.
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CHANG, TSUNG C., and SU H. HUANG. "Modification of the Conventional Procedure for the Test of Staphylococcal Coagulase." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.2.197.
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The coagulase test is routinely used for the confirmation of suspect Staphylococcus aureus on Baird-Parker agar (BPA). Overnight (18 to 24 h) preincubation of suspect colonies in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth is generally practiced prior to the coagulase test. In order to shorten the test protocol, different preincubation times of S. aureus in BHI were evaluated. Stock cultures (257 strains) of S. aureus were subcultured on BPA, and single colonies of each strain on BPA were analyzed for coagulase activities by the conventional procedure except that the preincubation times in BHI were varied (0, 4, and 24 h). The formation of a clot was examined at 2-h intervals over a 6-h period and at 24 h, and any degree of clot formation (1+ to 4+) was considered a positive reaction. Low sensitivities were found for tests without preincubation in BHI prior to the enzyme test. However, for 4- and 24-h preincubation, there was no difference in the degree of clot formation and in the sensitivities of the coagulase tests with incubation periods from 6 (98.1%) to 24 h (99.6%). Compared with the conventional procedures which may need two days, the modified protocol (4-h preincubation in BHI) can identify a large majority (97.7–98.1 %) of suspect S. aureus on BPA within one working day.
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Topcuoglu, Mehmet Akif, Suk-tak Chan, Gisele Sampaio Silva, Eric Edward Smith, Kenneth K. Kwong, and Aneesh Bhim Singhal. "Cerebral vasomotor reactivity in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome." Cephalalgia 37, no. 6 (May 20, 2016): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102416650706.
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Background Altered cerebrovascular tone is implicated in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). We evaluated vasomotor reactivity using bedside transcranial Doppler in RCVS patients. Methods In this retrospective case-control study, middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocities were compared at rest and in response to breath-hold in RCVS ( n = 8), Migraineurs ( n = 10), and non-headache Controls ( n = 10). Hyperventilation response was measured in RCVS. Results In RCVS, Breath Holding Index (BHI) was severely reduced in seven of eight patients and 14/16 MCAs; seven of 16 MCAs showed exhausted (BHI < 0.1) or inverted (BHI < 0) vasomotor reactivity. Mean BHI in RCVS (0.23 ± 0.5) was significantly lower than Migraine (1.52 ± 0.57) and Controls (1.51 ± 0.32), p < 0.001. Triphasic velocity responses were seen in all groups. The maximum Vmean decline during the middle negative phase was −15.5 ± 9.2% in RCVS, −15.4 ± 7% in Migraine, and −10.3 ± 5% in Controls ( p = 0.04). In the late positive phase, average Vmean increase was 6.2 ± 14% in RCVS, which was significantly lower ( p < 0.001) than Migraine (30.5 ± 11%) and Controls (30.2 ± 6%). With hyperventilation, RCVS patients showed 23% decrease in Vmean. Conclusion Cerebral arterial tone is abnormal in RCVS, with proximal vasoconstriction and abnormally reduced capacity for vasodilation. Further studies are needed to determine the utility of BHI to diagnose RCVS before angiographic reversibility is established, and to estimate prognosis.
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Hardi, Esti Handayani, Sukenda Sukenda, Enang Harris, and Angela Mariana Lusiastuti. "Toksisitas Produk Ekstrasellular (ECP) Streptococcus agalactiae pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 13, no. 3 (October 21, 2012): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.13.3.187-199.
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This research aimed to know the toxicity of extracellular products (ECP) of Streptococcus agalactiae was tastedin cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Streptococcus agalactiae had two haemolytic types: β-haemolyticand non-haemolytic type. Toxicity test of ECP to know the virulancy factor of S. agalactiae was still limited. It wasfound that after tested on 15 fish weighing 15 g through intraperitoneal injection 0,1 ml/fish, both bacteria causedchanges in swimming pattern, palatability, external and internal anatomy macroscopically and microscopically.Extracellular products of S. agalactiae non-haemolytic type (BHIA and BHI 24 h) and β-haemolytic type (BHI 72 h)caused mortality 12 hours after injection and the mortality continued till day 7 th of culture. Whirling happened 96hours after injection with ECP S. agalactiae β-haemolytic type (BHIA 72 h incubation) whereas injection with ECP(BHI 24 h) on 72 h after injection and continued untill day 7 th. Behavior disease signs caused by S. agalactiaeoccured on eyes. There were opacity, purulens, eye shrink, lateral and bilateral exopthalmia and haemorrhage oninfected-fish. Silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels to S. agalactiae revealed thatpredominant 51.8-69.6 kDa bands were present in BHIA ECP fraction. The 69.6 kDa was absent from the BHI ECP.Total protein on non-haemolytic S. agalactiae ECP are 28.18 ppm on BHIA medium and 13.64 ppm on BHI medium.Whereas β-haemolytic S. agalactiae ECP are 2.73 ppm on BHIA medium and 8.18 ppm on BHI medium. Concentrationof protein in ECP was one of factor that caused non-haemolytic S. agalactiae more virulent than β-haemolytic type.The conclusion from the research that ECP was virulent factor on β-haemolytic and non-haemolytic S. agalactiaein fish which caused changes in behavior disease signs.
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Hillesheimer, Bianca. "Digitalisierung der sicherheitstechnischen und arbeitsmedizinischen Betreuung." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2022, no. 08 (July 29, 2022): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-1-211435.
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Bianca Hillesheimer (BHI), Kommunikationsmanagerin im VDSI – Verband für Sicherheit, Gesundheit und Umweltschutz bei der Arbeit, führte ein Interview mit Ulf-Joachim Schappmann (UJS). Er ist Leiter des Fachbereichs Gefahrstoffe und der Region Thüringen innerhalb des VDSI, ausgebildete Fachkraft für Arbeitssicherheit, Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsschutz-Koordinator nach Baustellenverordnung und Sachkundiger für Asbest nach TRGS 519 sowie Inhaber eines eigenen Beratungsunternehmens für Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz.
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Catrambone, Vincenzo, Alberto Greco, Enzo Pasquale Scilingo, and Gaetano Valenza. "Functional Linear and Nonlinear Brain–Heart Interplay during Emotional Video Elicitation: A Maximum Information Coefficient Study." Entropy 21, no. 9 (September 14, 2019): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21090892.
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Brain and heart continuously interact through anatomical and biochemical connections. Although several brain regions are known to be involved in the autonomic control, the functional brain–heart interplay (BHI) during emotional processing is not fully characterized yet. To this aim, we investigate BHI during emotional elicitation in healthy subjects. The functional linear and nonlinear couplings are quantified using the maximum information coefficient calculated between time-varying electroencephalography (EEG) power spectra within the canonical bands ( δ , θ , α , β and γ ), and time-varying low-frequency and high-frequency powers from heartbeat dynamics. Experimental data were gathered from 30 healthy volunteers whose emotions were elicited through pleasant and unpleasant high-arousing videos. Results demonstrate that functional BHI increases during videos with respect to a resting state through EEG oscillations not including the γ band (>30 Hz). Functional linear coupling seems associated with a high-arousing positive elicitation, with preferred EEG oscillations in the θ band ( [ 4 , 8 ) Hz) especially over the left-temporal and parietal cortices. Differential functional nonlinear coupling between emotional valence seems to mainly occur through EEG oscillations in the δ , θ , α bands and sympathovagal dynamics, as well as through δ , α , β oscillations and parasympathetic activity mainly over the right hemisphere. Functional BHI through δ and α oscillations over the prefrontal region seems primarily nonlinear. This study provides novel insights on synchronous heartbeat and cortical dynamics during emotional video elicitation, also suggesting that a nonlinear analysis is needed to fully characterize functional BHI.
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PETERSON, LUKE D., NANCY G. FAITH, and CHARLES J. CZUPRYNSKI. "Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes F2365 Cells to Synthetic Gastric Fluid Is Greater following Growth on Ready-to-Eat Deli Turkey Meat Than in Brain Heart Infusion Broth." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 2589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.11.2589.
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Ready-to-eat (RTE) deli meats have been categorized as high-risk foods for contraction of foodborne listeriosis. Several recent listeriosis outbreaks have been associated with the consumption of RTE deli turkey meat. In this study, we examined whether the growth of Listeria monocytogenes F2365 on commercially prepared RTE deli turkey meat causes listerial cells to become more resistant to inactivation by synthetic gastric fluid (SGF). Listerial cells grown on turkey meat to late logarithmic–early stationary phase were significantly more resistant to SGF at pH 7.0, 5.0, or 3.5 than listerial cells grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The pH was lower in the fluid in packages of turkey meat than in BHI broth (6.5 versus 7.5). However, listerial cells grown in BHI broth adjusted to a lower pH (6.0) did not exhibit enhanced resistance to SGF. The lesser resistance to SGF of listerial cells grown in BHI broth may be due, in part, to the presence of glucose (0.2%). This study indicates the environment presented by the growth of L. monocytogenes on deli turkey meat affects its ability to survive conditions it encounters in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Lee, Mi Ji, Bo-Yong Park, Soohyun Cho, Hyunjin Park, and Chin-Sang Chung. "Cerebrovascular reactivity as a determinant of deep white matter hyperintensities in migraine." Neurology 92, no. 4 (January 4, 2019): e342-e350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006822.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CO2-CVR) and the deep white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden in patients with migraine.MethodsA total of 86 nonelderly patients with episodic migraine without vascular risk factors and 35 headache-free controls underwent 3T MRI. Deep WMHs were quantified with a segmentation method developed for nonelderly migraineurs. The interictal CO2-CVR was measured with transcranial Doppler with the breath-holding method. The mean breath-holding index of the bilateral middle cerebral arteries (MCA-BHI) was square root transformed and analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to determine its association with the highest tertiles of deep WMH burden (number and volume).ResultsA low MCA-BHI was independently associated with the highest tertile of deep WMH number in patients with migraine (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0007–0.63, p = 0.026). In controls, the MCA-BHI was not associated with deep WMH number. Interaction analysis revealed that migraine modified the effect of MCA-BHI on deep WMH number (p for interaction = 0.029). The MCA-BHI was not associated with increased deep WMH volume in both patients and controls. Age was independently associated with deep WMH volume in patients (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.004–1.15, p = 0.037).ConclusionsIn this study, we found a migraine-specific association between a reduced CVR to apnea and increased number of deep WMHs in healthy, nonelderly patients with migraine. A dysfunctional vascular response to apnea may predispose migraineurs to an increased risk of WMHs.
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Hacek, Donna M., William E. Trick, Susan M. Collins, Gary A. Noskin, and Lance R. Peterson. "Comparison of the Rodac Imprint Method to Selective Enrichment Broth for Recovery of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Environmental Surfaces." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 12 (2000): 4646–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.12.4646-4648.2000.
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We compared the Rodac imprint technique to selective enrichment broth for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) on surfaces. Rodac plates contained tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood, vancomycin (6 μg/ml), ceftazidime (2 μg/ml), amphotericin B (2 μg/ml), and clindamycin (1 μg/ml). Two types of broth were used: brain heart infusion (BHI) and BHI plus vancomycin (6 μg/ml) and ceftazidime (2 μg/ml) (BHIVC). Of the 46 surfaces cultured for VRE, 12 (26%) were positive. Of the 12 VRE-positive surfaces, 11 (92%) grew from Rodac, 8 (67%) grew from BHIVC, and 7 (58%) grew from BHI. A larger study is needed for MDRE, as only 4 of 43 surfaces were MDRE positive. The Rodac imprint technique successfully recovered VRE from environmental surfaces.
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Redmond, S., J. Liang, and C. S. Pattichis. "Guest Editorial IEEE BHI 2016." IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 21, no. 2 (March 2017): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2017.2669678.
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Liang, J., M. Zervakis, and J. Penders. "Guest Editorial IEEE BHI 2017." IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 22, no. 2 (March 2018): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2018.2807518.
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Kirkwood, David H. "A turning point for BHI." Hearing Journal 56, no. 6 (June 2003): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000294041.06996.11.
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Berry, Craig W., S. Tony Wolf, Bob Murray, and W. Larry Kenney. "Hydration Efficacy of a Milk Permeate-Based Oral Hydration Solution." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051502.
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Milk permeate is an electrolyte-rich, protein- and fat-free liquid with a similar carbohydrate and mineral content to that of milk. Its hydration efficacy has not been examined. The beverage hydration index (BHI) has been used to compare various beverages to water in terms of post-ingestion fluid balance and retention. Our purpose was to compare the BHI (and related physiological responses) of a novel milk permeate solution (MPS) to that of water and a traditional carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (CES). Over three visits, 12 young subjects consumed 1 L of water, CES, or MPS. Urine samples were collected immediately post-ingestion and at 60, 120, 180, and 240 min. BHI was calculated by dividing cumulative urine output after water consumption by cumulative urine output for each test beverage at each time point. The BHI for MPS was significantly higher at all time points compared to water (all p < 0.001) and CES (all p ≤ 0.01) but did not differ between CES and water at any time point. Drinking 1 L of MPS resulted in decreased cumulative urine output across the subsequent 4 h compared to water and CES, suggesting that a beverage containing milk permeate is superior to water and a traditional CES at sustaining positive fluid balance post-ingestion.
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Vernieri, Fabrizio, Patrizio Pasqualetti, Marina Diomedi, Patrizia Giacomini, Paolo M. Rossini, Carlo Caltagirone, and Mauro Silvestrini. "Cerebral hemodynamics in patients with carotid artery occlusion and contralateral moderate or severe internal carotid artery stenosis." Journal of Neurosurgery 94, no. 4 (April 2001): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2001.94.4.0559.
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Object. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics in patients suffering from occlusion of the carotid artery (CA) and contralateral CA stenosis. Methods. Using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, the cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia in the middle cerebral arteries was evaluated by calculating the breath-holding index (BHI) of 69 symptomatic patients suffering from internal CA (ICA) occlusion and moderate or severe contralateral ICA stenosis. To evaluate which variables influenced BHIs ipsilateral to the site of ICA occlusion, a multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was performed that included the following factors: patient age, percentage of contralateral ICA stenosis, contralateral BHI, number of collateral pathways, and presence of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and hyperlipidemia. An analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the impact of the type of collateral vessels on the BHI. A regression analysis showed that the BHI ipsilateral to the site of ICA occlusion could be accounted for by the contralateral BHI (which was entered at the first step of the analysis, p < 0.001) and by the number of collateral pathways (which was entered at the second step, p = 0.033). Neither the degree of contralateral ICA stenosis nor the other variables could be added to improve the model. The analysis demonstrated that the absence of collateral pathways and the presence of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) alone were associated with lower BHI values than those found in the presence of two or three collateral vessels, regardless of the presence of an anterior collateral pathway. Conclusions. On the basis of these data one can infer that the cerebral hemodynamic status of patients with occlusive disease of the CA is influenced by individual anatomical and functional characteristics. Because improvement in contralateral hemodynamics after surgical correction of an ICA stenosis can only be expected in the presence of an ACoA, the planning of strategies for influencing cerebral blood flow distal to an ICA occlusion and, in particular, the consideration of a contralateral carotid endarterectomy, should be preceded by a careful evaluation of the intracranial hemodynamic adaptive status of the patient. Particular attention should be paid to cerebrovascular reactivity and the number and type of collateral vessels that are present.
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Poty, Igor de Oliveira, Joana Marchesini Palma, Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato, Ana Lourdes Arrais de Alencar Mota, and Angela Patricia Santana. "Pesquisa de Clostridium perfringens em carnes bovinas embaladas a vácuo comercializadas no Distrito Federal e entorno." Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde 39, no. 1 (July 4, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2018v39n1p69.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a presença de Clostridium perfringens em 54 amostras de carne bovina embaladas a vácuo comercializadas na região do Distrito Federal, bem como detectar a presença da toxina cpe por PCR, ainda avaliar os meios de cultivo ágar SPS® e ágar TSC®, com e sem etapa de pré-enriquecimento das amostras em caldo infusão de cérebro e coração (BHI) na câmara de anaerobiose, e posterior incubação das placas de SPS® e TSC® tanto em jarra de anaerobiose, como em câmara de anaerobiose. Na análise da incubação das placas em ágar SPS® e TSC®, sem a etapa de pré-enriquecimento em caldo BHI na câmara de anaerobiose, observou-se o crescimento em apenas uma (1,85%) das 54 amostras analisadas, em ambos os meios de cultivo e formas de incubação. Com a etapa de pré-enriquecimento com caldo BHI em câmara de anaerobiose, observou-se crescimento em todas as 54 amostras (100%), em ambos os meios de cultivo e formas de incubação. Na reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) nenhuma das cepas oriundas das amostras analisadas apresentaram a amplificação de fragmento do gene da toxina cpe. Os resultados evidenciam a presença de C. perfringens em carnes embaladas a vácuo comercializadas no Distrito Federal e Entorno, porém não foi detectada a toxina cpe em nenhuma cepa isolada analisada. Na comparação estatística aplicando o teste qui-quadrado de McNemar, observou-se que houve diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre as análises sem e com a etapa de pré-enriquecimento em caldo BHI, verificando-se a influencia positiva do meio na recuperação de esporos, destacando desta forma a importância do enriquecimento prévio em meio BHI e a incubação em câmara de anaerobiose, na recuperação de esporos deste microrganismo.
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Rafferty, Mark, Terence J. Quinn, Jesse Dawson, and Matthew Walters. "Neckties and Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Young Healthy Males: A Pilot Randomised Crossover Trial." Stroke Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/692595.
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Background. A necktie may elevate intracranial pressure through compression of venous return. We hypothesised that a tight necktie would deleteriously alter cerebrovascular reactivity.Materials and Methods. A necktie was simulated using bespoke apparatus comprising pneumatic inner-tube with aneroid pressure-gauge. Using a randomised crossover design, cerebrovascular reactivity was measured with the “pseudo-tie” worn inflated or deflated for 5 minutes (simulating tight/loose necktie resp.). Reactivity was calculated using breath hold index (BHI) and paired “t” testing used for comparative analysis.Results. We enrolled 40 healthy male volunteers. There was a reduction in cerebrovascular reactivity of 0.23 units with “tight” pseudotie (BHI loose 1.44 (SD 0.48); BHItight1.21 (SD 0.38)P<.001).Conclusion. Impairment in cerebrovascular reactivity was found with inflated pseudo-tie. However, mean BHI is still within a range of considered normal. The situation may differ in patients with vascular risk factors, and confirmatory work is recommended.
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Jerônimo, Heloísa Maria Ângelo, Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga, Ana Caroliny Vieira da Costa, Isabella de Medeiros Barbosa, Maria Lúcia da Conceição, and Evandro Leite de Souza. "Adhesion and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus from food processing plants as affected by growth medium, surface type and incubation temperature." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 48, no. 4 (December 2012): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502012000400018.
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This study assessed the effect of different growth media [BHI broth, BHI broth plus glucose (10 g/100 mL) and BHI broth plus NaCl (5 g/100 mL)] and incubation temperatures (28 or 37 ºC) on the adherence, detachment and biofilm formation on polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces (2 x 2 cm coupons) for a prolonged period (24-72 h) by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S3, S28 and S54) from food processing plants. The efficacy of the sanitizers sodium hypochlorite (250 mg/mL) and peracetic acid (30 mg/mL) in reducing the number of viable bacterial cells in a preformed biofilm was also evaluated. S. aureus strains adhered in highest numbers in BHI broth, regardless of the type of surface or incubation temperature. Cell detachment from surfaces revealed high persistence over the incubation period. The number of cells needed for biofilm formation was noted in all experimental systems after 3 days. Peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite were not efficient in completely removing the cells of S. aureus adhered onto polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces. From these results, the assayed strains revealed high capacities to adhere and form biofilms on polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces under the different growth conditions, and the cells in biofilm matrixes were resistant to total removal when exposed to the sanitizers sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid.
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Wu, Pei-Hsin, Ana E. Rodríguez-Soto, Zachary B. Rodgers, Erin K. Englund, Andrew Wiemken, Michael C. Langham, John A. Detre, Richard J. Schwab, Wensheng Guo, and Felix W. Wehrli. "MRI evaluation of cerebrovascular reactivity in obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 40, no. 6 (July 15, 2019): 1328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x19862182.
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by intermittent obstruction of the airways during sleep. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an index of cerebral vessels' ability to respond to a vasoactive stimulus, such as increased CO2. We hypothesized that OSA alters CVR, expressed as a breath-hold index (BHI) defined as the rate of change in CBF or BOLD signal during a controlled breath-hold stimulus mimicking spontaneous apneas by being both hypercapnic and hypoxic. In 37 OSA and 23 matched non sleep apnea (NSA) subjects, we obtained high temporal resolution CBF and BOLD MRI data before, during, and between five consecutive BH stimuli of 24 s, each averaged to yield a single BHI value. Greater BHI was observed in OSA relative to NSA as derived from whole-brain CBF (78.6 ± 29.6 vs. 60.0 ± 20.0 mL/min2/100 g, P = 0.010) as well as from flow velocity in the superior sagittal sinus (0.48 ± 0.18 vs. 0.36 ± 0.10 cm/s2, P = 0.014). Similarly, BOLD-based BHI was greater in OSA in whole brain (0.19 ± 0.08 vs. 0.15 ± 0.03%/s, P = 0.009), gray matter (0.22 ± 0.09 vs. 0.17 ± 0.03%/s, P = 0.011), and white matter (0.14 ± 0.06 vs. 0.10 ± 0.02%/s, P = 0.010). The greater CVR is not currently understood but may represent a compensatory mechanism of the brain to maintain oxygen supply during intermittent apneas.
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Chan, Kitty, Frances K. Y. Wong, and Paul H. Lee. "A Brief Hope Intervention to Increase Hope Level and Improve Well-Being in Rehabilitating Cancer Patients: A Feasibility Test." SAGE Open Nursing 5 (January 2019): 237796081984438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2377960819844381.
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This article reports on the feasibility and effect of the brief hope intervention (BHI) in terms of increasing the hope level and psychological and physical health outcomes of rehabilitating cancer patients (RCP). Chinese RCP living in the community were invited to join the study. The BHI consisted of four one-on-one sessions: two (1-hour) face-to-face sessions and two (30-minute) telephone follow-up sessions in between. There were three core features in the hope therapy: (a) goal thoughts: finding workable goals, (b) pathway thoughts: finding ways to reach the targets, and (c) agency thoughts: positive self-talk to optimize their motivation to accomplish the set goals. A one-group pre- and postintervention design was used. Outcome measures included the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the State Hope Scale. Recruitment, attrition, and qualitative feedback were collected to understand their comments on BHI. A total of 40 participants were recruited (female 92.3%). The mean age was 57.2 years ( SD = 6.7). The participants had significant improvement in all aspects of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, with moderate-to-large effect sizes ( d = 0.49–0.74). The changes in present hope and depression scores were insignificant, with small effect sizes ( d = 0.17–0.34). The BHI seemed to be promising in producing both physical and psychological benefits in RCP
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Zhu, Chongqin, Yurui Gao, Weiduo Zhu, Jian Jiang, Jie Liu, Jianjun Wang, Joseph S. Francisco, and Xiao Cheng Zeng. "Direct observation of 2-dimensional ices on different surfaces near room temperature without confinement." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 34 (August 2, 2019): 16723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905917116.
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Water–solid interfaces play important roles in a wide range of fields, including atmospheric science, geochemistry, electrochemistry, and food science. Herein, we report simulation evidence of 2-dimensional (2D) ice formation on various surfaces and the dependence of the 2D crystalline structure on the hydrophobicity and morphology of the underlying surface. Contrary to the prevailing view that nanoscale confinement is necessary for the 2D liquid-to-bilayer ice transition, we find that the liquid-to-bilayer hexagonal ice (BHI) transition can occur either on a model smooth surface or on model fcc-crystal surfaces with indices of (100), (110), and (111) near room temperature. We identify a critical parameter that characterizes the water–surface interaction, above which the BHI can form on the surface. This critical parameter increases as the temperature increases. Even at temperatures above the freezing temperature of bulk ice (Ih), we find that BHI can also form on a superhydrophilic surface due to the strong water–surface interaction. The tendency toward the formation of BHI without confinement reflects a proper water–surface interaction that can compensate for the entropy loss during the freezing transition. Furthermore, phase diagrams of 2D ice formation are described on the plane of the adsorption energy versus the fcc lattice constant (Eads–afcc), where 4 monolayer square-like ices are also identified on the fcc model surfaces with distinct water–surface interactions.
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Jiang, Xiuping, and Michael P. Doyle. "Growth Supplements for Helicobacter pylori." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 5 (2000): 1984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.5.1984-1987.2000.
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The growth response of Helicobacter pylori in broth was determined in the presence of ferrous sulfate, sodium pyruvate, and mucin (porcine stomach). The addition of either ferrous sulfate and sodium pyruvate or mucin to brain heart infusion broth with 7% horse serum (BHI-HS) enhanced the growth of H. pylori. The best growth of strain NB2-1, which was the slowest growing of 10 H. pylori strains evaluated, occurred in the presence of 0.05% ferrous sulfate and 0.05% sodium pyruvate. The addition of 0.3% mucin to BHI-HS reduced the lag time of H. pylori by 48 h and enhanced the growth. On the basis of the results for 10 H. pylori strains, the combination of ferrous sulfate (0.025%), sodium pyruvate (0.025%), and mucin (0.15%) in BHI-HS counteracted the inhibitory effects of the antibiotics used in culture media for selective growth of H. pylori. Results suggest that these supplements may be useful for enhancement of the growth of H. pylori in enrichment media.
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Jayachandran*, Abirami Lakshmy, Sarasa S., Sheila Doris T., Balan K., Sangeetha Vilwanathan, Vanitha Devi E., and Pradeep Balakrishnan. "Biofilm formation and Antibiotic susceptibility pattern among Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital in Kanchipuram: An Evaluation of screening methods for biofilm formation." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 04 (April 22, 2016): 4991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.04.007.
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The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilms is of significant clinical interest, as biofilm development impacts the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy and the subsequent outcome of an infection. The present study is undertaken to detect the biofilm production and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern among the Staphylococcus aureus isolates. A total of 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolated for the first time from pus, blood, catheter, IV cannulas were included in the study. Biofilm detection was done by tube method and Microtitre plate method. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method. By tube method and Microtitre plate method 26% and 46% of the isolates were identified as biofilm producers. By Microtitre plate method, BHI broth (Brain heart infusion broth) and BHI broth with sucrose was used and the difference in the biofilm forming ability was compared. When BHI broth with sucrose was used 69% showed biofilm formation whereas when tested with BHI broth, only 46% were identified as biofilm producers. Good sensitivity was observed for Amikacin (88%) and cefotaxime (82%). MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was detected among 19% of the isolates. Among the biofilm producers if there are drug resistant bacteria like MRSA the problem becomes challenging and requires combination of several antibiotics. Hence Screening for biofilm production by bacterial isolates should be performed. Infection control program should address the effective execution of disinfection procedures.
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Mellen, Nicholas M., and Jack L. Feldman. "Phasic Lung Inflation Shortens Inspiration and Respiratory Period in the Lung-Attached Neonate Rat Brain Stem Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 3165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.5.3165.
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In intact mammals, lung inflation during inspiration terminates inspiration (Breuer-Hering inspiratory reflex, BHI) and the presence of lung afferents increases respiratory frequency. To test whether these responses could be obtained in vitro, a neonate rat brain stem/spinal cord preparation retaining the lungs and their vagal innervation was used. It was found that 1) the BHI could be replicated in vitro, 2) phasic lung inflation during inspiration caused increased respiratory frequency with declining efficacy as inflation delay increased, and 3) increased respiratory frequency did not require inspiratory shortening.
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Dinić, Bojana. "COMPARISON OF THREE SHORT SIX-FACTOR PERSONALITY INSTRUMENTS." Primenjena psihologija 11, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2018.2.189-206.
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The aim of this research was to validate Serbian adaptations of three short six-factor model measures: 24 Questionnaire Big Six (24QB6), Mini-IPIP6, and Brief HEXACO Inventory (BHI). Besides these measures, HEXACO-100 was applied on a sample of 310 participants (41% of male) from the general population. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed marginal fit indices for 24QB6, and satisfactory fit indices for Mini-IPIP6, but not for BHI. BHI also had the smallest Cronbach’s alphas for the scales, but the highest correlations with matching HEXACO-100 scales, confirming its convergent and discriminant validity. Regarding 24QB6, it was noticeable that all scales were valid, except for Honesty/Propriety, which showed substantial relations with both Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness. Scales from Mini-IPIP6 had the highest alphas, but also the highest mean inter-item correlation, indicating that they measured a narrower scope of the traits. Also, validity of the Agreeableness scale was limited. Taken together, all the measures had advantages and disadvantages, and authors should choose a short measure in line with the importance of either validity or reliability.
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Rebouças, Miriam F., Dan Loureiro, Bruno L. Bastos, Lilia F. Moura-Costa, Samira A. Hanna, Vasco Azevedo, Roberto Meyer, and Ricardo W. Portela. "Development of an indirect ELISA to detect Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis specific antibodies in sheep employing T1 strain culture supernatant as antigen." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 11 (November 2013): 1296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013001100002.
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Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic disease that affects goats and sheep, characterized by granuloma formation in subcutaneous and internal lymph nodes. CLA causes significant economic losses to commercial goat herds. In this study, we aimed to test secreted antigens secreted from T1 strain bacteria grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth in an indirect ELISA system to determine the presence of specific immunoglobulins against C. pseudotuberculosis. We analyzed the BHI antigen electrophoretic profile and the recognition pattern by infected sheep sera samples. The ELISA results were compared with multiplex PCR assay and IFN-gamma production. The ELISA was able to discriminate between negative and positive animals, with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 99%, using microbiological isolation as gold standard. When this assay was compared with multiplex PCR and specific IFN-gamma quantification, six discrepant results were found among thirty-two samples. We concluded that the ELISA using antigens secreted from C. pseudotuberculosis T1 strain growth in BHI broth culture can be used for the serodiagnosis of CLA in sheep.
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Gautam, Ankit K., Ruchi Thakur, N. D. Shashikiran, Singla Shilpy, Nikita Agarwal, and Shilpi Tiwari. "Degradation of Resin Restorative Materials by Streptococcus Mutans: A Pilot Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.3.225.
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Objective: To evaluate the degradation of three resin based restorative materials by S Mutans. Study design: Class I cavity was prepared in extracted premolars and were randomly divided into 3 groups (Group I – Conventional composite (CC), Group II – Resin Modified GIC and Group III–Giomer). Teeth were then restored by respective restorative material and equally divided in two subgroups (Control and Experimental). Experiment subgroup samples were then incubated in 2 ml of BHI with 1:10 dilution of SM (MTCC-497) grown overnight in BHI whereas control subgroup samples were incubated in BHI without SM. The incubation solution was collected at 2,14 and 30 days interval, and the analysis for identification and quantification of Bis-HPPP was done by High performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed a statistically increased Bis HPPP production in the presence of SM in all the tested materials, with minimum in Resin Modified GIC and a maximum in Conventional Composite (CC). Conclusion: SM degrades the resin based restorative materials & among the tested materials Resin Modified GIC appears to be most Biostable.
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Lehrer, H. Matthew, Lauren Chu, Martica Hall, and Kyle Murdock. "009 Self-Reported Sleep Efficiency and Duration are Associated with Systemic Bioenergetic Function in Community-Dwelling Adults." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.008.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep is important for aging, health, and disease, but its cellular role in these outcomes is poorly understood. Basic research suggests that disturbed and insufficient sleep impair mitochondrial bioenergetics, which is involved in numerous aging-related chronic conditions. However, the relationship between sleep and bioenergetics has not been examined in humans. We examined associations of self-reported sleep with systemic bioenergetic function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of community-dwelling adults. Methods N = 43 adults (79% female) ages 48–70 (M = 61.63, SD = 5.99) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) from which key components of sleep (satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration) were calculated. Participants provided blood samples from which PBMCs were isolated and measured for bioenergetics using extracellular flux analysis. Associations of sleep components with bioenergetic parameters, including the Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI), were examined. Results In bivariate analyses, lower sleep efficiency was associated with lower maximal respiration, spare capacity, and BHI (ps < 0.05). Longer sleep duration was associated with lower BHI (p < 0.01) and later sleep timing was associated with higher basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration, maximal respiration, spare capacity, and non-mitochondrial respiration (ps < 0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, lower sleep efficiency (β = 0.52, p < 0.01) and longer sleep duration (β = -0.43, p < 0.01) were associated with lower BHI. Conclusion Self-reported indices of sleep efficiency and duration are related to systemic bioenergetic function in humans, suggesting a possible cellular pathway linking sleep to health. Support (if any) T32HL082610