Journal articles on the topic 'BGG glasses'
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1
Leśniak, Magdalena, Gabriela Mach, Bartłomiej Starzyk, Karolina Sadowska, Tomasz Ragiń, Jacek Żmojda, Marcin Kochanowicz, et al. "The Effect of Fluorides (BaF2, MgF2, AlF3) on Structural and Luminescent Properties of Er3+-Doped Gallo-Germanate Glass." Materials 15, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 5230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155230.
Abstract:
The effect of BaF2, MgF2, and AlF3 on the structural and luminescent properties of gallo-germanate glass (BGG) doped with erbium ions was investigated. A detailed analysis of infrared and Raman spectra shows that the local environment of erbium ions in the glass was influenced mainly by [GeO]4 and [GeO]6 units. Moreover, the highest number of non-bridging oxygens was found in the network of the BGG glass modified by MgF2. The 27Al MAS NMR spectrum of BGG glass with AlF3 suggests the presence of aluminum in tetra-, penta-, and octahedral coordination geometry. Therefore, the probability of the 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions increases in the BGG + MgF2 glass system. On the other hand, the luminescence spectra showed that the fluoride modifiers lead to an enhancement in the emission of each analyzed transition when different excitation sources are employed (808 nm and 980 nm). The analysis of energy transfer mechanisms shows that the fluoride compounds promote the emission intensity in different channels. These results represent a strong base for designing glasses with unique luminescent properties.
2
Bérubé, Jean-Philippe, Arthur Le Camus, Sandra Helena Messaddeq, Yannick Petit, Younès Messaddeq, Lionel Canioni, and Réal Vallée. "Femtosecond laser direct inscription of mid-IR transmitting waveguides in BGG glasses." Optical Materials Express 7, no. 9 (August 7, 2017): 3124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.7.003124.
3
Dubuis, Simon, Sandra H. Messaddeq, Yannick Ledemi, Arnaud Côté, and Younès Messaddeq. "Effect of Bi2O3 on the physical, structural and NIR emission properties of BGG glasses prepared using different melting atmospheres." Optical Materials Express 11, no. 8 (July 16, 2021): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.430811.
4
Rodrigues Coimbra, Maria Elisa, Carlos Nelson Elias, and Paulo Guilherme Coelho. "In Vitro Characterization / Degradation of Two Bioglasses Used as Synthetic Alloplasts for Bone Grafting." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.23.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to physico/chemically characterize a commercially available and a newly developed Bioglass and also to evaluate their degradation properties. Materials and Method: Two bioresorbable glasses were utilized, a bioglass synthesized at Chemical Engineering College (University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo) (BG1), and the other bioglass utilized was Biogran (BG2) (3i Implant Innovations, Brazil). Particles size distribution histograms were developed for both materials, and then they were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 30, 60, and 90 days. Results: The particle size distribution showed that the mean particle diameters at 10%, 50%, and 90% of the total volume were 17.65, 66.18, and 114.71 µm for BG1, and 354.54, 437.5, 525.00 µm for BG2. SEM images of BG1 showed that the as-received material had a rough surface and as the time of degradation elapsed, this surface became smooth. The images of BG2 showed that the as-received material also had a rough surface, and after immersion in SBF, the material’s crystalline content/morphology could be observed. The X-ray diffraction recorded that BG1 showed a silica peak, not seen at BG2. FTIR revealed that both bioglasses were of similar composition, except for the CO3-carbonate minor peak, present at the BG2 sample. Conclusions: 1. The particle size distribution showed a polydispersed pattern for both materials. 2. The material suffered degradation, and the decomposition increased as a function of immersion in SBF. 3. Both bioglasses had similar composition.
5
Clichici, Andra, Gabriela Adriana Filip, Marcela Achim, Ioana Baldea, Cecilia Cristea, Gheorghe Melinte, Ovidiu Pana, Lucian Barbu Tudoran, Diana Dudea, and Razvan Stefan. "Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Two New Bioglasses for Application in Dental Medicine—A Preliminary Study." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 9060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15249060.
Abstract:
Bioactive glasses (BGs), also known as bioglasses, are very attractive and versatile materials that are increasingly being used in dentistry. For this study, two new bioglasses—one with boron (BG1) and another with boron and vanadium (BG2)—were synthesized, characterized, and tested on human dysplastic keratinocytes. The in vitro biological properties were evaluated through pH and zeta potential measurement, weight loss, Ca2+ ions released after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Furthermore, biocompatibility was evaluated through quantification of lactate dehydrogenase activity, oxidative stress, transcription factors, and DNA lesions. The results indicate that both BGs presented the same behavior in simulated fluids, characterized by high degradation, fast release of calcium and boron in the environment (especially from BG1), and increased pH and zeta potential. Both BGs reacted with the fluid, particularly BG2, with irregular deposits covering the glass surface. In vitro studies demonstrated that normal doses of the BGs were not cytotoxic to DOK, while high doses reduced cell viability. Both BGs induced oxidative stress and cell membrane damage and enhanced NFkB activation, especially BG1. The BGs down-regulated the expression of NFkB and diminished the DNA damage, suggesting the protective effects of the BGs on cell death and efficacy of DNA repair mechanisms.
6
Polosan, S., E. Apostol, M. Secu, and Gh Aldica. "BGO glasses: structural and optical characterization." physica status solidi (c) 2, no. 1 (January 2005): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200460119.
7
Tezvergil-Mutluay, A., R. Seseogullari-Dirihan, V. P. Feitosa, G. Cama, D. S. Brauer, and S. Sauro. "Effects of Composites Containing Bioactive Glasses on Demineralized Dentin." Journal of Dental Research 96, no. 9 (May 23, 2017): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034517709464.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the degradation of completely demineralized dentin specimens in contact with a filler-free or 2 ion-releasing resins containing micrometer-sized particles of Bioglass 45S5 (BAG) or fluoride-containing phosphate-rich bioactive glass (BAG-F). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also used to evaluate the remineralization induced by the experimental ion-releasing resin-based materials. Dentin beams were totally demineralized in H3PO4 (10%) and placed in direct contact with a filler-free (RESIN) or 2 experimental ion-releasing resins (BAG or BAG-F) and immersed in artificial saliva (AS) up to 30 d. Further specimens were also processed and submitted to FTIR and SEM analysis to evaluate the remineralization induced by such ion-releasing resins before and after AS immersion. BAG and BAG-F alkalinized the incubation media. A significant decrease of the dry mass was observed between the specimens of all groups stored for 3 and 30 d in AS. However, the fluoride-containing phosphate-rich bioactive glass incorporated into a resin-based material (BAG-F) showed greater ability in reducing the solubilization of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (ICTP) and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) after prolonged AS storage. Moreover, after 30 d of AS storage, BAG-F showed the greatest remineralizing effect on the stiffness of the completely demineralized dentin matrices. In conclusion, fluoride-containing phosphate-rich bioactive glass incorporated as micrometer-sized filler in dental composites may offer greater beneficial effects than Bioglass 45S5 in reducing the enzyme-mediated degradation and remineralization of demineralized dentin.
8
Shin, Hyung-Seop, and Ho-Yeon Choi. "Evaluation of Cutting Characteristics in Bulk Metallic Glasses." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 36, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2012.36.6.591.
9
Lupescu, Olivera, Mihail Nagea, Alexandru Dimitriu, and Iulian Vasile Antoniac. "Bioactive Glasses in Treating Bone Infections." Key Engineering Materials 758 (November 2017): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.758.245.
Abstract:
Bone infections are challenging due to their difficult and prolonged treatment, considerable possibility of relapse and strong negative physical and emotional impact. Since their treatment require thorough excisions, bone substitutes have been studied for restoring bone continuity, but with limited efficacy due to the pathophysiology of bone infections; one of the classes which proved to be efficient were the BioActive Glasses [BAG], synthetic biocompatible inorganic materials with a controlled ionic release, with demonstrated properties of wound healing, osteoconduction, angiogenesis and antibacterial activity. This paper presents the clinical experience from a Level 1 Trauma Centre where post-traumatic osteitis was treated using BioActive Glasses as bone fillers, demonstrating the potential clinical impact of these materials. The outcome of the patients was favourable, with no relapse of sepsis, therefore proving the efficacy of BAG in cases with limited grafting possibilities
10
Lima, Jefferson Muniz de, Edlainne Pinheiro Ferreira, Roberta Ferreti Bonan, David Nascimento Silva-Teixeira, Luiz Ricardo Goulart, Joelma Rodrigues de Souza, Eliton Souto de Medeiros, Paulo Rogério Ferreti Bonan, and Lúcio Roberto Cançado Castellano. "Cytokine Regulation from Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Cultured In Vitro with Silver Doped Bioactive Glasses Microparticles." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 11, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3210530.
Abstract:
Bioactive glasses (BG) applications include tissue engineering for bone regeneration, coating for implants, and scaffolds for wound healing. BG can be conjugated to ions like silver, which might add some antimicrobial properties to this biomaterial. The immunomodulatory activity of ion-doped bioactive glasses particles was not investigated before. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effect of BG and silver-doped bioactive glass (BGAg) in human peripheral blood cells. BG and BGAg samples belonging to the system 58SiO2•(36-x)CaO·6P2O5·xAg2O, where x = 0 and 1 mol%, respectively, were synthesized via sol–gel method and characterized. Cytotoxicity, modulation of cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10), and oxidative stress response were investigated in human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultures. Cell viability in the presence of BG or BGAg was concentration-dependent. In addition, BGAg presented higher PBMCs toxicity (LC50 = 0.005%) when compared to BG (LC50 = 0.106%). Interestingly, interleukin4 was produced by PBMCs in response to BG and BGAg in absence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and did not modulate PHA-induced cytokine levels. Subtoxic concentrations (0.031% for BG and 0.0008% for BGAg) did not change other cytokines in PBMCs nor reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by PMN. However, BG and BGAg particles decreased zymosan-induced ROS levels in PMN. Although ion incorporation increased BG cytotoxicity, the bioactive glass particles demonstrated a in vitro anti-inflammatory potencial. Future studies are needed to clarify the scavenger potential of the BG/BGAg particles/scaffolds as well as elucidate the effect of the anti-inflammatory potential in modulating tissue growth in vivo.
11
ΚΑΝΤΗΡΑΝΗΣ, Ν., Α. ΤΣΙΡΑΜΠΙΔΗΣ, Α. ΦΙΛΙΠΠΙΔΗΣ, Α. ΚΑΣΩΛΗ-ΦΟΥΡΝΑΡΑΚΗ, and Β. ΧΡΗΣΤΑΡΑΣ. "Industrial uses of carbonate rocks from Thassos island (Greece)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17175.
Abstract:
The carbonate rocks of Thassos Island are holocrystalline and present sparitic texture. The dolomites have smaller crystall size (0.7-1.6 mm) than the calcitic marbles (0.8-2.2 mm). In the dolomites except the synonymous mineral, calcite (1-10%) and traces of quartz, feldspars and micas are present. In the calcitic marbles except of the calcite, dolomite (2-28%), micas (1-6%) and occasionally feldspars, clay minerals and goethite occur. The results of chemical analysis agree with the mineralogical ones, as well as with the percentage of the isnoluble residue. The dolomites appear purer than all other marbles of the island. They most often contain Si02 (up to 0.88%). Beyond the decorative applications the calcitic marbles of Thassos are mainly suitable for the production of aggregates with any size requirement, cement and probably container glasses, for environmental uses and as soil conditioners. Respectively, the dolomitic marbles are suitable for the production of fertilizers and probably of container glasses and as fillers or whitenings in paper, paint and rubber industries.
12
Workie, Andualem Belachew, and Eyob Messele Sefene. "Ion-doped mesoporous bioactive glass: preparation, characterization, and applications using the spray pyrolysis method." RSC Advances 12, no. 3 (2022): 1592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra06113e.
Abstract:
Bioactive glasses (BAG) are one type of biomaterial that is used in dentistry and orthopedics to repair or replace damaged bone. The spray pyrolysis process is low-cost and one of the most common ways for producing porous films and films with high-density packing and particle homogeneity.
13
Kim, Dokyeong, Youn-Soo Shim, So-Youn An, and Myung-Jin Lee. "Role of Zinc-Doped Bioactive Glass Encapsulated with Microspherical Gelatin in Localized Supplementation for Tissue Regeneration: A Contemporary Review." Molecules 26, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071823.
Abstract:
Gelatin, a natural polymer, provides excellent tissue compatibility for use in tissue rehabilitation. Bioactive glasses (BAG) offer superior capacity in stimulating a bioactive response but show high variability in uptake and solubility. To tackle these drawbacks, a combination of gelatin with BAG is proposed to form composites, which then offer a synergistic response. The cross-linked gelatin structure’s mechanical properties are enhanced by the incorporation of the inorganic BAG, and the rate of BAG ionic supplementation responsible for bioactivity and regenerative potential is better controlled by a protective gelatin layer. Several studies have demonstrated the cellular benefits of these composites in different forms of functional modification such as doping with zinc or incorporation of zinc such as ions directly into the BAG matrix. This review presents a comprehensive perspective on the individual characteristics of BAG and gelatin, including the synthesis and mechanism of action. Further, adaptation of the composite into various applications for bone tissue engineering is discussed and future challenges are highlighted.
14
Abokefa, Nada A., Bradley A. Bromet, Rebekah L. Blatt, Makenna S. Pickett, Richard K. Brow, and Julie A. Semon. "Adipose Stem Cell Response to Borophosphate Bioactive Glass." Applied Sciences 14, no. 9 (May 3, 2024): 3906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14093906.
Abstract:
Silicate and borate bioactive glasses have been reported to create alkaline conditions by rapidly releasing ions when reacting in aqueous solution. At certain levels, this alkaline solution can negatively affect cell viability. Adding phosphate ions to the glass composition can control the degradation rate of bioactive glasses and create a neutral pH environment. This study evaluated a series of borophosphate bioactive glasses (BPBGs) with nominal molar compositions 16Na2O-24CaO-xB2O3-(60-x)P2O5, where x = 0, 40, or 60. The phosphate (X0) glass (PBG) produced an acidic solution when dissolved in water; the borate (X60) glass (BBG) produced an alkaline solution, and the BPBG glass produced a pH-neutral solution. These three glasses were evaluated using adipose stem cells (ASCs), a cell population known for their therapeutic abilities. The effects of each glass on the pH of cell culture, ions released during degradation, and on ASC functions, including viability, migration, angiogenic ability, differentiation, and protein secretions, were evaluated. The X40 BPBG created a physiologically neutral pH in cell culture media after 24 h. The X0 phosphate glass promoted ASC migration, while the highly alkaline X60 borate increased the angiogenic ability of ASCs. These results indicate that BPBG can be used safely in cell culture studies and customized for specific biomedical applications.
15
Khair-u-Nisa, Khair-u.-Nisa. "Niobium doped BGO glasses: Physical, Thermal and Optical Properties." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 3, no. 5 (2013): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/4861-0358087.
16
Lyyra, Inari, Katri Leino, Terttu Hukka, Markus Hannula, Minna Kellomäki, and Jonathan Massera. "Impact of Glass Composition on Hydrolytic Degradation of Polylactide/Bioactive Glass Composites." Materials 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030667.
Abstract:
Understanding the degradation of a composite material is crucial for tailoring its properties based on the foreseen application. In this study, poly-L,DL-lactide 70/30 (PLA70) was compounded with silicate or phosphate bioactive glass (Si-BaG and P-BaG, respectively). The composite processing was carried out without excessive thermal degradation of the polymer and resulted in porous composites with lower mechanical properties than PLA70. The loss in mechanical properties was associated with glass content rather than the glass composition. The degradation of the composites was studied for 40 weeks in Tris buffer solution Adding Si-BaG to PLA70 accelerated the polymer degradation in vitro more than adding P-BaG, despite the higher reactivity of the P-BaG. All the composites exhibited a decrease in mechanical properties and increased hydrophilicity during hydrolysis compared to the PLA70. Both glasses dissolved through the polymer matrix with a linear, predictable release rate of ions. Most of the P-BaG had dissolved before 20 weeks in vitro, while there was still Si-BaG left after 40 weeks. This study introduces new polymer/bioactive glass composites with tailorable mechanical properties and ion release for bone regeneration and fixation applications.
17
POTJANAJARUWIT, Pisit. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF METAVERSE TECHNOLOGY TO RAISE UP THE STANDARD OF HEALTH TOURISM." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 50, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 1330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.50413-1131.
Abstract:
This research aims to: 1. Investigate the factors of Metaverse technology development for VR spa glasses and their impact on the evolution of Metaverse applications for marketing; 2. Examine how the development of Metaverse applications for marketing influences the promotion of health tourism grounded in Thailand's creative economy (BCG). This study employs a mixed-methods approach. It involves surveying 372 tourists who utilized spa and Thai massage beauty services using a questionnaire. Additionally, focus group discussions were conducted with entrepreneurs and executives instrumental in elevating the standards of medical tourism. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate that the advancement of Metaverse technology for VR spa glasses, encompassing aspects like content, functionality, and design, has significantly influenced the development of Metaverse applications for holistic marketing. This includes sensory experience, sensational experience, thought experience, action experience, and associated experience, with a notable R2 value of 0.590. The study also revealed that the development of Metaverse applications for marketing, encompassing aspects such as sensory experience, cognitive experience, action-oriented experience, and connected experience perceptions, significantly influences the overall drive of health tourism based on the creative economy (BCG) in the country. This encompasses factors like environmental friendliness, fairness, safety, cleanliness, and convenience, with a notable R2 value of 0.509.
18
Carskadon, Mary, Caroline Gredvig-Ardito, Sheryl Kopel, and Daphne Koiniss Mitchell. "0198 Remote Saliva Sample Collection for Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO) Measurement in Urban Children with Asthma During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A90—A91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.196.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers to use remote data collection. Our project includes determining DLMO phase, requiring a family-friendly without face-to-face interaction. We describe here our protocol, experiences, lessons learned, and findings from the first 15 participants. Methods Fifteen urban-dwelling children with moderate to severe persistent asthma [7 girls, ages 7 (n=1) to 10 years; and 8 boys, 8 or 9 years] and caregiver (CG) participated. CG tracked bedtimes and risetimes in daily diaries for 10-14 days; average bedtimes from 5 nights preceding saliva collection were used to determine timing for 10 half-hourly samples. CG and child were oriented and then watched a demo video. A “spit-kit” was delivered to the home the afternoon of the study. Kits included a small cooler bag with bottle of water, 10 numbered and 5 spare Salivette tubes (Starstedt, Germany), plastic bag, dark wraparound glasses with securing strap, and log sheet. Data collection began with a zoom call with staff, CG, and child to reiterate the instructions, answer questions, and observe the first sample. Thereafter, a staff member telephoned the caregiver every 30 minutes to prompt the next sample and query whether glasses had been kept on. CG placed kit outside the home for morning pick up. Samples were centrifuged and frozen (-20°) until sending to the assay lab (SolidPhase, Portland, ME) for melatonin radioimmunoassay (Alpco, Windham, NH). Results DLMO phase was determined with a 4pg/ml threshold for 11 children. DLMO phases (mtime=21:46±68 min) and average bedtimes (mtime=20:40±88min) were positively correlated (r=.87). Challenges identified for missed DLMOs included: one child supervised by a teenaged sibling (not CG); one child/CG identified as potentially uncooperative. The other two “misses” likely arose from low saliva quantity, inconsistencies with staff training, and inadequate description of requirements for wearing glasses. Procedure modifications included strategies tailored to families’ needs, experiences, and home environment that can challenge adherence to protocol, greater emphasis on wearing glasses, and cartoon reminder card and scales added to kit. Subsequent samples were successful. Conclusion Our approach was effective for determining DLMO phase in children using a remote approach with careful application of methods. Support (If Any) R01HL142058, P20GM139743
19
Mavrogonatos, K., S. Flemetakis, A. Papoutsa, S. Klemme, J. Berndt, G. Economou, A. Pantazidis, I. Baziotis, and P. D. Asimow. "PHOSPHORUS ZONING FROM SECONDARY OLIVINE IN MANTLE XENOLITH FROM MIDDLE ATLAS MOUNTAINS (MOROCCO, AFRICA): IMPLICATIONS FOR CRYSTAL GROWTH KINETICS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11933.
Abstract:
Mantle xenolith samples in contact with basalt flows were collected from the Tafraoute maar in Morocco. Discrete melt veins are present in one xenolith sample, crosscutting primary layering and foliation. We used both optical microscopy and electron microprobe analysis to characterize the glasses and minerals in the melt veins. The melt veins consist of glass and crystals of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, spinel and apatite. The olivine in the melt veins is quite distinct from the same mineral within the matrix due to its characteristic P-enriched rims (up to 0.3 wt.%). Correlations between Al and P, as well as experimentally determined partition coefficient for P, point towards non-equilibrium partitioning during rapid crystal growth at the end of crystallization.
20
Alamri, Abdulaziz, Zainah Salloot, Alaa Alshaia, and Maria Salem Ibrahim. "The Effect of Bioactive Glass-Enhanced Orthodontic Bonding Resins on Prevention of Demineralization: A Systematic Review." Molecules 25, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112495.
Abstract:
At present, bioactive glasses (BAGs) are demonstrating promising results in the remineralization of hard tissues. Their bioactive properties can potentially overcome the demineralization effect accompanying orthodontic treatment. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive glass enhanced orthodontic bonding resins on enamel remineralization, in addition to their antibacterial, ion release and acid neutralization effect. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. Two hundred and fifty-one full-text articles were screened independently, out of which seven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was performed by two independent reviewers. Methodologies used to assess the anti-demineralization effect included Micro-Computed Tomography, Polarized Light Microscopy and Hardness Testing (Knoop and Berkovich). All seven articles confirmed the superior remineralization effect of BAG orthodontic bonding resins compared to their non-BAG counterparts. A proportional relationship was proved between BAG concentrations and increased anti-demineralization effect. The addition of antibacterial agents to BAG does not necessarily improve its anti-demineralization effect. Although studies have confirmed the effectiveness of BAG orthodontic bonding resins on enamel remineralization, there was a degree of heterogeneity across studies due to the lack of an in vitro studies standardized protocol.
21
Skallevold, Hans Erling, Dinesh Rokaya, Zohaib Khurshid, and Muhammad Sohail Zafar. "Bioactive Glass Applications in Dentistry." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 5960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235960.
Abstract:
At present, researchers in the field of biomaterials are focusing on the oral hard and soft tissue engineering with bioactive ingredients by activating body immune cells or different proteins of the body. By doing this natural ground substance, tissue component and long-lasting tissues grow. One of the current biomaterials is known as bioactive glass (BAG). The bioactive properties make BAG applicable to several clinical applications involving the regeneration of hard tissues in medicine and dentistry. In dentistry, its uses include dental restorative materials, mineralizing agents, as a coating material for dental implants, pulp capping, root canal treatment, and air-abrasion, and in medicine it has its applications from orthopedics to soft-tissue restoration. This review aims to provide an overview of promising and current uses of bioactive glasses in dentistry.
22
Gharbi, Amina, Hassane Oudadesse, Hafedh el Feki, Wissem Cheikhrouhou-Koubaa, Xanthippi Chatzistavrou, Julietta V. Rau, Jyrki Heinämaki, Iulian Antoniac, Nureddin Ashammakhi, and Nabil Derbel. "High Boron Content Enhancement on Bioactive Glass Biodegradation." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 7 (July 11, 2023): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14070364.
Abstract:
Derived Hench bioactive glass (BaG) containing boron (B) is explored in this work as it plays an important role in bone development and regeneration. B was also found to enhance BaG dissociation. However, it is only possible to incorporate a limited amount of B. To increase the amount of B in BaG, bioactive borosilicate glasses (BaG-Bx) were fabricated based on the use of the solution-gelation process (sol-gel). In this work, a high B content (20 wt.%) in BaG, respecting the conditions of bioactivity and biodegradability required by Hench, was achieved for the first time. The capability of BaG-Bx to form an apatite phase was assessed in vitro by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Then, the chemical structure and the morphological changes in the fabricated BaG-Bx (x = 0, 5, 10 and 20) were studied. The formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer was observed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The presence of HAp layer was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Enhanced bioactivity and chemical stability of BaG-Bx were evaluated with an ion exchange study based on Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicate that by increasing the concentration of B in BaG-Bx, the crystallization rate and the quality of the newly formed HAp layer on BaG-Bx surfaces can be improved. The presence of B also leads to enhanced degradation of BaGs in SBF. Accordingly, BAG-Bx can be used for bone regeneration, especially in children, because of its faster degradation as compared to B-free glass.
23
Björkenheim, R., E. Jämsen, E. Eriksson, P. Uppstu, L. Aalto-Setälä, L. Hupa, KK Eklund, M. Ainola, NC Lindfors, and J. Pajarinen. "Sintered S53P4 bioactive glass scaffolds have anti-inflammatory properties and stimulate osteogenesis in vitro." European Cells and Materials 41 (January 3, 2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v041a02.
Abstract:
Bioactive glasses (BAG) are used as bone-graft substitutes in orthopaedic surgery. A specific BAG scaffold was developed by sintering BAG-S53P4 granules. It is hypothesised that this scaffold can be used as a bone substitute to fill bone defects and induce a bioactive membrane (IM) around the defect site. Beyond providing the scaffold increased mechanical strength, that the initial inflammatory reaction and subsequent IM formation can be enhanced by coating the scaffolds with poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is also hypothesised. To study the immunomodulatory effects, BAG-S53P4 (± PLGA) scaffolds were placed on monolayers of primary human macrophage cultures and the production of various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and ELISA. To study the osteogenic effects, BAG-S53P4 (± PLGA) scaffolds were cultured with rabbit mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by RT-qPCR and matrix mineralisation assays. The scaffold ion release was quantified and the BAG surface reactivity visualised. Furthermore, the pH of culture media was measured. BAG-S53P4 scaffolds had both anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties that were likely attributable to alkalinisation of the media and ion release from the scaffold. pH change, ion release, and immunomodulatory properties of the scaffold could be modulated by the PLGA coating. Contrary to the hypothesis, the coating functioned by attenuating the BAG surface reactions and subsequent anti-inflammatory properties, rather than inducing an elevated inflammatory response compared to BAG-S53P4 alone. These results further validated the use of BAG-S53P4 (± PLGA) scaffolds as bone substitutes and indicate that scaffold properties can be tailored to a specific clinical need.
24
Chen, Qirong, Franziska Schmidt, Oliver Görke, Anila Asif, Joachim Weinhold, Erfan Aghaei, Ihtesham ur Rehman, Aleksander Gurlo, and Asma Tufail Shah. "Ceramic Stereolithography of Bioactive Glasses: Influence of Resin Composition on Curing Behavior and Green Body Properties." Biomedicines 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020395.
Abstract:
Herein we report on the preparation of a bioactive glass (BAG)-based photocurable resin for the additive manufacturing of BAG scaffolds with high filler loadings. The preparation of glass/ceramics resins for stereolithography with high filler loading is always a challenge, especially for fillers with a high refractive index variance. Various photocurable resin compositions with and without bioactive glass fillers have been investigated to see the influence of bioactive glass on physical properties of the resin and resulting green body. The effect of concentration of monomers, reactive diluent, light absorber (Sudan orange G dye), photoinitiator (PI), non-reactive diluent, and fillers (BAG) on rheology and photocuring behavior of the resin and tomography of the resulting 3D structures have been investigated. The BAG contents affect the rheology of resin and influence the rate of the polymerization reaction. The resin compositions with 55–60% BAG, 10% PEG-200 (diluent), 1% of PI and 0.015% of the dye were found to be suitable compositions for the stereolithographic fabrication. A higher percentage of PI caused over-curing, while a higher amount of dye decreased the cure depth of the resin. The micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of the resulting green bodies display a relatively dense glass scaffold without any visible cracks and good interlayer connection and surface finishing. These properties play an important role in the mechanical behavior of 3D scaffolds. This study will be helpful to prepare high density glass/ceramic slurries and optimize their printing properties.
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Tekin, H. O., L. R. P. Kassab, Shams A. M. Issa, M. M. Martins, L. Bontempo, and Guilherme Rodrigues da Silva Mattos. "Newly developed BGO glasses: Synthesis, optical and nuclear radiation shielding properties." Ceramics International 46, no. 8 (June 2020): 11861–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.221.
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S, Chitra, Riju Chandran, Ramya R, Durgalakshmi D, and Balakumar S. "Unravelling the effects of ibuprofen-acetaminophen infused copper-bioglass towards the creation of root canal sealant." Biomedical Materials 17, no. 3 (March 24, 2022): 035001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-605x/ac5b83.
Abstract:
Abstract Impact towards the tuneable characteristics of bioactive glasses (BAGs) has been explored; as there is no root canal sealant till date with ideal characteristics competent enough to manoeuvre the perplexing root canal architecture. Combeite, calcite and traces of cuprorivaite crystalline phases were validated for material formation, in which Cu 2P (XPS) peak authenticating the presence of copper in bioglass network (Cu-BAG). Spherical and platelet-like morphologies were observed and the grain size of Cu-BAG (∼100 nm) was lesser as compared to BAG (∼1 µm). These particle distributions impacted the porosity, and dominant non-bridging oxygens in Cu-BAG influences ionic dissolution, which subsequently enhanced the mineralization. These bioactive materials were loaded with acetaminophen and ibuprofen, corresponding organic moieties was confirmed through Fourier transform infra-red. These drugs loaded bioactive materials exhibited tremendous anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial behaviour with better sealing ability. Drug loaded bioglass paste filled in biomechanically prepared root canal was estimated for sealing potential, mineralization, micro leakage, and fracture resistance properties. Hydroxyl apatite growth was noted on the sealants, flower like protuberance confirmed the sealing potential of the prepared material. Bioglass exhibited promising characteristics required in a root canal sealant. This investigation is a step further towards tailoring the properties of bioactive materials as promising candidates in root canal obturation and thereof.
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LAMERA, S., K. ST SEYMOUR, C. VAMVOUKAKIS, M. KOULl, E. PARASKEVAS, and G. PE-PIPER. "The Polychnitos ignimbrite of Lesvos island." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17118.
Abstract:
Miocene volcanism on Lesvos was particularly explosive giving rise to two extensive pyroclastic formations, the Sigri pyroclastics to the west and the Polychnitos ignimbrite to the east of the island. The Polychnitos ignimbrite at 17.2±0.5 Ma (Borsi et al.1972) is part of the shoshonitic succession on Lesbos which ranges in composition from basalt to rhyolite and is both underlain and overlain by calcalkaline volcanic rocks (Pe-Piper and Piper 1993) resting on a late Paleozoic metamorphic basement which has acted as an impediment to the free flow of the ignimbrite. The Polychnitos ignimbrite consists of eight lithological units, six of which are presumed to be facies of the same ignimbrite sheet ("PK", "PU", "MGF I, II, III", "Z"). Ignimbrite deposition at elevated temperatures is advocated by its columnar jointing, eutaxitic texture, gas escape structures and glassy zones of intense welding. The typical mineral assemblage of all Polychnitos ignimbrite units consists of plagioclase, Kfeldspar and biotite. It displays phenocryst microtextures indicative of magma mixing. Magma mixing is corroborated of glasses of two discrete compositions. Lithic clast measurements indicate a northeasterly trending fissure vent passing from the northeastern corner of the Kalloni Gulf.
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Oral, O., L. V. J. Lassila, O. Kumbuloglu, A. User, and P. K. Vallittu. "Effects of Non-Silanized and Silanized Glass Particles on the Physical Properties on Denture Base Materials." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.96.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of silanization of the glass on denture base materials and to evaluate different types of glasses. A total of 136 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (Palapress – Heraeus Kulzer) blocks were prepared in dimensions of 65mm x 10mm x 3mm. PMMA blocks were modified by different ratios of non-silanized and silanized Bioactive Glass Granules (BAG) (Vivoxid) and Inert Glass Granules (IG) (Vivoxid). The blocks were polished under water cooling and divided into 17 groups. (Group 1) No glass (control), (Group 2-5) 3-6-9-12% non-silanized BAG, (Group 6-9) 3-6-9-12% silanized BAG, (Group 10-13) 3-6-9-12% non-silanized IG, (Group 14-17) 3-6-9-12% silanized IG. The specimens were stored in distilled water and weighed (Mettler, Toledo) in days of 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60. After water sorption test, the specimens were dried under 80°C and weighed in days of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 for calculating the solubility values. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc comparisons (Dunnett T3, p<0.05). Water sorption and solubility values were significantly affected by the type and silanizaion of the glass (p<0.05). The highest water sorption value was observed in 12% silanized IG group (1,83±0,04%), whereas the lowest sorption values were recorded with 12% non-silanized BAG group (1,21±0,07%). Contrarily, The highest solubility value was observed in 12% non-silanized BAG group (0,98±0,03%), whereas the lowest solubility values were recorded with 12% non-silanized BAG group (0,34±0,03%). Water sorption and solubility values were affected by the type and silanization of the glass. Silanization improved the physical properties of the glass as well as the properties of the denture base material.
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Martins, Rafael A., Luana M. Marti, Ana C. B. Mendes, Camila Fragelli, Mario Cilense, and Angela C. C. Zuanon. "Brushing Effect on the Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement Modified by Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles or by Bioactive Glasses." International Journal of Dentistry 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1641041.
Abstract:
This study evaluated the physical and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC) associated with 5% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NPHAps) and 10% bioactive glass (BAG) 45S5 before and after brushing at different storage times. Surface roughness was evaluated using a rugosimeter, Vickers hardness using a microdurometer, and mass variation measured in an analytical balance at 1, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days before and after the brushing test, with the aid of toothbrushing simulator and soft bristle toothbrushes. Nonnormal distribution was observed, and the nonparametric Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by Dunn’s were performed, with a significance level of 5%. We observed higher values for mass loss on the first day for all groups. The surface roughness was lower in the control and NP groups, 30 days after brushing. Higher values for hardness were found in the control group and lower ones for NP, after brushing. The control and BAG groups presented a decrease in hardness over time. The NP group presented the highest values before brushing, while the control group had the highest values after brushing. The association of NPHPa with the GIC is the most promising combination, since it presented satisfactory values for surface hardness. However, conventional GIC not associated with NPHPa or BAG is still an option, since it is available in the market and the most economically viable option.
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WALENTYNOWICZ, ADAM, AGNIESZKA WITKOWSKA, MICHAŁ BIAŁOSKÓRSKI, JAROSŁAW RYBICKI, SANDRO FELIZIANI, SANDRO FRIGIO, and GIANCARLO COSIMI. "MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY OF SHORT AND MEDIUM RANGE ORDER IN MODIFIED BGO GLASSES." Computational Methods in Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2004): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12921/cmst.2004.10.02.203-218.
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Azimi Sotudeh, Mohammad Ali, Hasan Ziafat, and Said Ghafari. "Pupil Detection in Facial Images with Using Bag of Pixels." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2941.
Abstract:
To detect and track eye images, distinctive features of user eye are used. Generally, an eye-tracking and detection system can be divided into four steps: Face detection, eye region detection, pupil detection and eye tracking. To find the position of pupil, first, face region must be separated from the rest of the image using bag of pixels, this will cause the images background to be non effective in our next steps. We used from horizontal projection, to separate a region containing eyes and eyebrow. This will result in decreasing the computational complexity and ignoring some factors such as bread. Finally, in proposed method points with the highest values of are selected as the eye candidate's. The eye region is well detected among these points. Color entropy in the eye region is used to eliminate the irrelevant candidates. With a pixel of the iris or pupil can be achieved center of pupil. To find the center of pupil can be used line intersection method in the next step, we perform eye tracking. The proposed method achieve a correct eye detection rate of 97.3% on testing set that gathered from different images of face data. Moreover, in the case of glasses the performance is still acceptable.
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Psycharis, V., V. Perdikatsis, and G. Christidis. "CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND RIETVELD REFINEMENT OF ZEOLITE A SYNTHESIZED FROM FINE-GRAINED PERLITE WASTE MATERIALS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16591.
Abstract:
Synthetic zeolites have been produced from a variety of natural silica-rich rocks including volcanic glasses, such as perlite and pumice. The Zeolite studied in this work has been synthesized from perlite and expanded perlite fines. Detailed powder X-ray diffraction studies determined it as Zeolite A. In early studies the structure of Zeolite-Α was described with a cubic cell with a=12.3 A and space group Pm-3m. However the observation of the (531) reflection indicates that a F lattice with a larger cell of 24.60 A gives a more accurate description. Two end products were studied on the basis of the degree of crystallization of the parent gels to zeolite A . One end product was characterized by total conversion of the incipient gel to zeolite A with high degree of crystallinity, whereas in the second a substantial amount of the original gel did not crystallize out and zeolite A coexisted with amorphous material. The former resulted from gels with S1O2/AI2O3 molar ratio 2:1 and 5 hours reaction time and the latter from gels with SÌO2/AI2O3 molar ratio of 2.5:1 and 3 hours reaction time. The X-ray powder diffraction data recorded from the former sample were used for the analysis of the crystal structure of zeolite A and the final model was refined by the Rietveld method.
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Abushahba, Faleh, Eva Söderling, Laura Aalto-Setälä, Leena Hupa, and Timo O. Närhi. "Air Abrasion with Bioactive Glass Eradicates Streptococcus mutans Biofilm from a Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Titanium Surface." Journal of Oral Implantology 45, no. 6 (December 27, 2019): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-18-00324.
Abstract:
Streptococcus mutans is able to form a high-affinity biofilm on material surfaces. S mutans has also been detected around infected implants. Bioactive glasses (BAGs) have been shown to possess antibacterial effects against S mutans and other microorganisms. This in vitro study was performed to investigate the influence of BAG air abrasion on S mutans biofilm on sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surfaces. Sandblasted and acid-etched commercially pure titanium discs were used as substrates for bacteria (n = 107). The discs were immersed in an S mutans solution and incubated for 21 hours to form an S mutans biofilm. Twenty colonized discs were subjected to air abrasion with Bioglass 45S5 (45S5 BAG), experimental zinc oxide containing BAG (Zn4 BAG), and inert glass. After the abrasion, the discs were incubated for 5 hours in an anaerobic chamber followed by an assessment of viable S mutans cells. Surface morphology was evaluation using scanning electron microscopy (n = 12). The thrombogenicity of the glass particle–abraded discs (n = 75) was evaluated spectrophotometrically using whole-blood clotting measurement at predetermined time points. Air abrasion with 45S5 and Zn4 BAG eradicated S mutans biofilm. Significantly fewer viable S mutans cells were found on discs abraded with the 45S5 or Zn4 BAGs compared with the inert glass (P < .001). No significant differences were found in thrombogenicity since blood clotting was achieved for all substrates at 40 minutes. Air abrasion with BAG particles is effective in the eradication of S mutans biofilm from sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surfaces. Zn4 and 45S5 BAGs had similar biofilm-eradicating effects, but Zn4 BAG could be more tissue friendly. In addition, the steady release of zinc ions from Zn4 may enhance bone regeneration around the titanium implant and may thus have the potential to be used in the treatment of peri-implantitis. The use of either BAGs did not enhance the speed of blood coagulation.
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Alzawali, Murad Ibrahim Husin, Yusliza Yusoff, Razana Alwee, Zuriahati Mohd Yunos, Mohamad Shukor Talib, Haswadi Hassan, Fahad Taha AL-Dhief, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Majid Razaq Mohamed Alsemawi, and Sharifah Zarith Rahmah Syed Ahmad. "Facial Emotion Images Recognition Based On Binarized Genetic Algorithm-Random Forest." Baghdad Science Journal 21, no. 2(SI) (February 25, 2024): 0780. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.9698.
Abstract:
Most recognition system of human facial emotions are assessed solely on accuracy, even if other performance criteria are also thought to be important in the evaluation process such as sensitivity, precision, F-measure, and G-mean. Moreover, the most common problem that must be resolved in face emotion recognition systems is the feature extraction methods, which is comparable to traditional manual feature extraction methods. This traditional method is not able to extract features efficiently. In other words, there are redundant amount of features which are considered not significant, which affect the classification performance. In this work, a new system to recognize human facial emotions from images is proposed. The HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) is utilized to extract from the images. In addition, the Binarized Genetic Algorithm (BGA) is utilized as a features selection in order to select the most effective features of HOG. Random Forest (RF) functions as a classifier to categories facial emotions in people according to the image samples. The facial human examples of photos that have been extracted from the Yale Face dataset, where it contains the eleven human facial expressions are as follows; normal, left light, no glasses, joyful, centre light, sad, sleepy, wink and surprised. The proposed system performance is evaluated relates to accuracy, sensitivity (i.e., recall), precision, F-measure (i.e., F1-score), and G-mean. The highest accuracy for the proposed BGA-RF method is up to 96.03%. Besides, the proposed BGA-RF has performed more accurately than its counterparts. In light of the experimental findings, the suggested BGA-RF technique has proved its effectiveness in the human facial emotions identification utilizing images.
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Tiskaya, Melissa, David Gillam, Saroash Shahid, and Robert Hill. "A Potassium Based Fluorine Containing Bioactive Glass for Use as a Desensitizing Toothpaste." Molecules 26, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144327.
Abstract:
Potassium releasing bioactive glasses (BAGs) may offer improved relief for dentine hypersensitivity compared to conventional sodium containing BAGs by releasing K+ ions for nerve desensitization and occluding dentinal tubules to prevent fluid flow within dentinal tubules. Potassium oxide was substituted for sodium oxide on a molar basis in a fluoride containing BAG used in toothpastes for treating dentine hypersensitivity. The BAG powders were then immersed in an artificial saliva at pH 7 and tris buffer and the pH rise and ion release behavior were characterized by ICP-OES and ISE. The potassium and sodium containing BAGs were characterized by XRD, DSC, FTIR and NMR. Both BAGs presented amorphous diffraction patterns and the glass transition temperature of the potassium glass was higher than that of the sodium glass. The 31P MAS-NMR spectra indicated a peak at 2.7 ppm corresponding to apatite and a small peak at −103 ppm indicated crystallization to fluorapatite. Both BAGs dissolved and formed apatite at similar rates, although the dissolution of the potassium glass was slightly slower and it released less fluoride as a result of partial nanocrystallization to fluorapatite upon quenching. The potassium release from the potassium ions could potentially result in nerve deactivation when used in toothpastes.
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Hanif, Amjad, and Fazal Ghani. "Fracture Toughness of Resin Based Composites, Impregnated with Silver Nanoparticles and Bioactive Glass." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 29, no. 04 (November 1, 2020): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.294.179.
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect, on fracture toughness (KIc), of impregnating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and bioactive glass (BAG) in resin based composites (RBCs). METHODOLOGY: During the period from August 2016 to May 2018, this study was performed at Peshawar Dental College (Pakistan) and Montreal University (Canada), using; a commercial RBC and experimental RBCs with or without BAG content (5-15wt%), and AgNPs (0.009%). Standardized specimens (n=6) were made in each of five RBCs (G1-G5). AgNPs were synthesized and characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy. With universal testing machine, the KIc for RBCs specimens was computed. SEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to assess the size and form of the prepared silica. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used for data analyses. RESULTS: KIc values varied both within and between RBCs groups. The commercial RBC had highest mean KIc (G1=1.03+0.24). Mean KIc values for the experimental RBCs were; G2=0.69±0.14, G3=0.9±0.13, G4=0.9±0.14 and G5=0.69±0.13. The only RBC groups that had statistically significant variations between their mean KIc values were; G1-G2 (p=0.017) & G1-G5 (p=0.017). SEM and DLS analysis of synthesized silica particles having round shape and sizes of 0.9-1µm. Uv-vis spectroscopy of AgNPs showed round shape with size up to 20nm. CONCLUSION: The KIc of the experimental RBCs with BAG (5-10 wt%) and AgNPs (0.009%) was not significantly different than the commercial RBC. KEYWORDS: Resin based composites, RBCs, Silver nanoparticles, AgNPs, Bioactive glass, BAG, Re-mineralizing resin based composite, Fracture toughness, KIc HOW TO CITE: Hanif A, Ghani F. Fracture toughness of resin based composites, impregnated with silver nanoparticles and bioactive glass. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):179-184.
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Alhotan, Abdulaziz, Zbigniew Raszewski, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Marcin Mikulewicz, Julita Kulbacka, Razan Alaqeely, Amani Mirdad, and Julfikar Haider. "Evaluating the Translucency, Surface Roughness, and Cytotoxicity of a PMMA Acrylic Denture Base Reinforced with Bioactive Glasses." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb15010016.
Abstract:
The colonisation of the surface of removable acrylic dentures by various types of microorganisms can lead to the development of various diseases. Therefore, the creation of a bioactive material is highly desirable. This study aimed to develop a denture base material designed to release bioactive ions into the oral environment during use. Four types of bioactive glasses (BAG)—S53P4, Biomin F, 45S5, and Biomin C—were incorporated into the PMMA acrylic resin, with each type constituting 20 wt.% (10 wt.% non-silanised and 10% silanised) of the mixture, while PMMA acrylic resin served as the control group. The specimens were subsequently immersed in distilled water, and pH measurements of the aqueous solutions were taken every seven days for a total of 38 days. Additionally, surface roughness and translucency measurements were recorded both after preparation and following seven days of immersion in distilled water. The cytotoxicity of these materials on human fibroblast cells was evaluated after 24 and 48 h using Direct Contact and MTT assays. Ultimately, the elemental composition of the specimens was determined through energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. In general, the pH levels of water solutions containing BAG-containing acrylics gradually increased over the storage period, reaching peak values after 10 days. Notably, S53P4 glass exhibited the most significant increase, with pH levels rising from 5.5 to 7.54. Surface roughness exhibited minimal changes upon immersion in distilled water, while a slight decrease in material translucency was observed, except for Biomin C. However, significant differences in surface roughness and translucency were observed among some of the BAG-embedded specimens under both dry and wet conditions. The composition of elements declared by the glass manufacturer was confirmed by EDX analysis. Importantly, cytotoxicity analysis revealed that specimens containing BAGs, when released into the environment, did not adversely affect the growth of human gingival fibroblast cells after 48 h of exposure. This suggests that PMMA acrylics fabricated with BAGs have the potential to release ions into the environment and can be considered biocompatible materials. Further clinical trials are warranted to explore the practical applications of these materials as denture base materials.
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Ying, Qin, and Xiao Yong Cheng. "A Study of Bag-Breaking Device Based on Whitworth Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1137.
Abstract:
It is a necessary step to break bags for bagged domestic waste before crushing it. This thesis carried out kinematic analysis for Whitworth mechanism, and put forward the requirements of shape of tool on account of the problem that materials (garbage) winded tools, In addition, it briefly discussed the design of avoidance device by Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). Preface Domestic waste refers to the solid waste generated in people’s daily lives. In recent years, with further urbanization, and the growth of population, domestic waste has been in sharp increase, so rational treatment of garbage has become a national sustainable development strategies related to the important issue. The main methods of waste disposal at this stage are landfilling, composting, incineration, of which landfilling is the most important. The level of domestic waste processing has a great gap between at home and abroad. As the processing technology has been started in Europe and other developed countries, thus, it is relatively mature, and the sense of residents’ environmental protection is stronger, the difficulty of waste disposal is reduced, so that the problems of waste disposal have been solved better. The research of waste disposal in China began in the 1980’s,and waste is bagged in the main form of garbage collection at present. On grouping garbage is so complicated and the equipments used to dispose garbage are insufficient, which can not meet the standards of waste reduction, innocuity and reclamation required by the government. At present, the garbage crushing equipment used in China is prone to twist, less efficient, poorly noisy, and adapt to different waste. Besides, it is easily over-fragment the unbreakable material such as glasses and used batteries, causing second pollution. Consequently, to develop new equipment for bagged domestic waste is of top priority.
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Ashtary Talkhestani, Gelareh. "Comments on Composition of Solid Waste in University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.780.
Abstract:
This study determine and analyze the composition of solid waste in University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). A total of 9 samples – over 2300kg of solid waste were sorted 3 times - on every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday for three weeks. These solid waste collected from faculties, dormitories and offices then separated in to Plastic, paper, metals, rubber and leather, organics, glasses and others. The result shown that organic matter is usually the predominant component in the solid waste stream, was about (41.76%), followed by paper (newspaper, magazines, cardboard and cardboard boxes) range around (17.55%); then plastic bag 14.33%. Glass, rubber and leather, plastic bottles and aluminum cans were the smallest composition in UKM, but these can be considered as reusable or recycled items. Also statistical analysis indicates that the waste characteristics for a given day are slightly different, depending on the social activity that is going on for day. Since the major solid waste stream in UKM is organic waste trying to do composting is suitable method .
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Adhani, Farica, and Ratna Dewi Kartikasari. "PERBANDINGAN TOKOH DAN PENOKOHAN DALAM FILM NINJA HATTORI-KUN DAN DORAEMON KARYA FUJIKO FUJIO." Matapena: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36815/matapena.v5i1.1605.
Abstract:
This study aims to compare the characters and characterizations between the Ninja Hattori-Kun film and Fujiko Fujio's Doraemon. This research is a qualitative research, while the object of the research is the film Ninja Hattori-Kun with Doraemon by Fujiko Fujio. The data in this study were obtained from character descriptions and characterizations from the two films. Data analysis was carried out using a structuralism approach developed by Ferdinand de Saussure. From the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the duration of the two Ninja Hattori-Kun films by Fujiko Fujio is 35 minutes and the duration of the Doraemon film by Fujiko Fujio is 30 minutes. In the film Ninja Hattori-Kun by Fujiko Fujio has as many as 6 characters and in the film Doraemon by Fujiko Fujio has as many as 6 characters. Both have advantages, the main character is usually designed as a person with special talents and advantages. If Doraemon has a magic bag, Ninja Hattori has ninja moves. The advantages possessed by Doraemon and Ninja Hattori are used to help lazy children. When Doraemon helps Nobita, Ninja Hattori helps Kenichi. Nobita and Kenichi are said to be lazy and weak, so they rely on the hero's abilities. Both wear glasses. From this research, there are similarities and differences in the two literary works. Keywords: qualitative, descriptive, character, characterization, animation
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Karim, Md Rizwanul, Md Ashraful Alam, Shaikh Abdullah Al Mamun, and Md Anisur Rahman. "Sociocultural and host factors related to extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in rural Bangladesh: A case control study." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 41, no. 2 (October 17, 2016): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v41i2.29975.
Abstract:
Bangladesh ranks sixth among higher TB burden countries. Extra-pulmonary TB contributes 12% of all tuberculosis cases in 2008. Risk factors for EPTB in Bangladesh are hypothesized to be different from pulmonary tuberculosis as seen in other high-burden countries. A case control study was conducted to compare the sociodemographic, household condition and lifestyle characteristics between extra pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis. This case control study was conducted in thirteen sub districts of Pabna, Shirajgonj and Coxs Bazar districts from January to June 2013. The samples were classified as either extra pulmonary tuberculosis EPTB (cases) or pulmonary tuberculosis PTB (controls). A total of 490 participants including 245 extra pulmonary tuberculosis (cases) and 245 pulmonary tuberculosis (controls), who were being enrolled in DOTS treatment for last six months, were interviewed for epidemiological and clinical information using a standardized questionnaire. Children, adolescent and younger adults had four-time higher risk of being manifested with extra pulmonary tuberculosis [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.97; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.10 to 14.35] and (AOR 4.50; 95% CI 1.48 to 13.72). Respondents, who lived in their own houses showed three times more chance of getting extra pulmonary disease (AOR 3.11; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.39). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was seven to eight times more likely to occur among those whose resided in bedrooms ventilated with one (p= .001) or more windows (p =.004) and having window shutter made of glasses or wood slit raised the probability of getting extra pulmonary involvement by twenty times. Households using grain husk and leaves as cooking fuel revealed seven times higher chance of being manifested as extra pulmonary tuberculosis (P <.001). Extra pulmonary cases were three times more common among respondents, who had no history of exposure with known tuberculosis cases than those who had frequent exposure history (AOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.24 to 7.34). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was found 1.5 times more common among BCG vaccinated respondents than pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.58). Younger age, house ownership, bedroom ventilation, fuel material used for cooking, contact history and BCG vaccination status might be the important risk factors for the extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis relative to pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Barcala-Furelos, Roberto, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez, Alejandra Alonso-Calvete, Francisco Cano-Noguera, Aida Carballo-Fazanes, Santiago Martínez-Isasi, and Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez. "Safe On-Boat Resuscitation by Lifeguards in COVID-19 Era: A Pilot Study Comparing Three Sets of Personal Protective Equipment." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x2100011x.
Abstract:
AbstractIntroduction:On-boat resuscitation can be applied by lifeguards in an inflatable rescue boat (IRB). Due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) and recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), prehospital care procedures need to be re-evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine how the use of PPE influences the amount of preparation time needed before beginning actual resuscitation and the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; QCPR) on an IRB.Methods:Three CPR tests were performed by 14 lifeguards, in teams of two, wearing different PPE: (1) Basic PPE (B-PPE): gloves, a mask, and protective glasses; (2) Full PPE (F-PPE): B-PPE + a waterproof apron; and (3) Basic PPE + plastic blanket (B+PPE). On-boat resuscitation using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) and high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter was performed sailing at 20km/hour.Results:Using B-PPE takes less time and is significantly faster than F-PPE (B-PPE 17 [SD = 2] seconds versus F-PPE 69 [SD = 17] seconds; P = .001), and the use of B+PPE is slightly higher (B-PPE 17 [SD = 2] seconds versus B+PPE 34 [SD = 6] seconds; P = .002). The QCPR remained similar in all three scenarios (P >.05), reaching values over 79%.Conclusion:The use of PPE during on-board resuscitation is feasible and does not interfere with quality when performed by trained lifeguards. The use of a plastic blanket could be a quick and easy alternative to offer extra protection to lifeguards during CPR on an IRB.
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BRAȘOVEANU, Casandra. "Through Geometry Towards Functionality. Case Study: Noua pottery from Jijia catchment, NE Romania." STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 28, no. 2 (2022): 296–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2022-28-2-3.
Abstract:
During Late Bronze Age, the evolutions of previous archaeological cultures (from the Middle Bronze Age) are continued and completed, but there are also two important cultural complexes emerging, namely: Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni and Zimnicea-Plovdiv. The subject of interest in the present study is represented by Noua culture, attested in a vast area, from the middle and upper Dniester, to the east of Apuseni Mountains and from the Subcarpathian region of Ukraine to the south of the forest-steppe area between Siret and Prut Rivers. Although, over time, the specific communities of this cultural manifestation have been investigated in numerous specialized studies, the interdisciplinary methods used in recent years can offer new information that contribute to the obtaining of a much clearer picture regarding the behavior of the human groups in question. In this sense, in the present paper, special attention was paid to the ceramic material identified during the archaeological excavations of sites belonging to Noua culture which, unfortunately, in most situations, is still `trapped` in the discourse from the middle of the 20th century. In this sense, there is a continuous perpetuation of the typology created by A.C. Florescu in the ʾ60s, namely: jar-vessels, bag-vessels, bowls, cups, glasses, etc. Thus, using the volumetric typology, developed by Anne O. Shepard almost 70 years ago, and correlating the information obtained with those regarding decoration, context and dimensions, but also with data from the field of ethnoarchaeology, this study aims to identify the intended functions of the ceramic recipients used by Noua communities from Jijia River Basin.
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Bikbov, M. M., and O. I. Orenburkina. "LMI-SI and Scharioth Additional Intraocular Lenses for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Review." Ophthalmology in Russia 16, no. 1S (April 22, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2019-1s-7-11.
Abstract:
Currently, the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) includes: intravitreal injections (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, pegaptanib, etc.), photodynamic therapy, surgical treatment (subretinal surgery, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator + gas, macula translocation) and etc. Rehabilitation of these patients is carried out using special optical tools (glasses, magnifying lenses, loupes, electronic devices). Classic external devices for the correction of very poor eyesight are not convenient to use: they are often lost or forgotten at home, not adapted for constant wear, people are embarrassed to use them in public places. This review presents the characteristics and clinical results of the implantation of two intraocular lenses, the Lipschitz Macular Implant (LMI-SI) and the Scharioth Macula lenses, in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These IOL can be implanted during standard phacoemulsification with the implantation of usual posterior chamber IOL or years after the cataract extraction, which makes them unique among other lenses that are implanted only during the cataract extraction procedure. The Lipschitz Macular Implant (Israel, 2013) is a rigid IOL made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), implanted in a capsular bag, it requires an incision up to 6 mm. A positive feature of the Scharioth Macula lens (1stQ GmbH, Germany, 2017) is the smallest incision needed for implantation — no more than 3 mm. This lens consists of a biocompatible hydrophilic acryl with a UV filter, the peripheral zone of the lens is optically neutral, the square design excludes its free rotation. Also, this lens can be used as therapy for progressive macular dystrophy of various etiologies. The additional macular IOLs do not affect peripheral vision, reduce binocularity when reading, and require complex visual rehabilitation.
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UZAY, Çağrı, and Muhammed Safa KAMER. "Silan Kaplı SiO2 Nanopartiküllerin Cam FRP Kompozitlerin Sertlik Değerlerine Etkisi." Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1076888.
Abstract:
In this study, silane-coated SiO2 nanoparticles (as-received) were used as secondary reinforcement for glass fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, and the microhardness values of the developed composites were investigated. The nanoparticles were dispersed within the polymer epoxy at 1.5 wt.% and 3 wt.% ratios, respectively. Two different types of silane coating were used that were KH550 and KH570. The mixture of the epoxy resin and nanoparticles were subjected to ultrasonic homogenization to achieve a fine dispersibility of the SiO2 nanoparticles. Then the matrix was prepared with a suitable hardener at a weight ratio of 100:25. The strengthened polymer matrix was reinforced by woven glass fiber fabrics (primary reinforcing element). The vacuum bag method was applied to produce silane-coated nano SiO2 filled glass FRP composites. A digital microhardness testing device was used to determine the Vickers hardness values. While the pure glass/epoxy composite has resulted in a hardness of 20.69 HV, the maximum hardness value was recorded as 36.56 HV and it was obtained with 3 wt.% KH550-SiO2 filled glass/epoxy. The incorporation of silane-coated SiO2 nanoparticles has provided dramatic enhancements, approximately from 28% to 77%. The microscopic examination was also conducted via an optical microscope and the images were found helpful to explain the test results. Therefore, the findings of this study have shown that silane-coated nano SiO2 filler can be used as secondary reinforcement where high hardness and better wear resistance are desired for glass/epoxy composite applications.
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Maulana, Al Hafidz, Fis Purwangka, and Budhi Hascaryo Iskandar. "RISIKO DAN MITIGASI TRANSPORTASI BENIH SIDAT (GLASS EEL), (STUDI KASUS DI PALABUHANRATU, JAWA BARAT) (Risks and Mitigation of Glass eel Transport (Case Study in Palabuhanratu, West Java))." Saintek Perikanan : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.16.4.300-307.
Abstract:
Penangkapan benih sidat (glass eel) untuk kegiatan budidaya dilakukan oleh nelayan menggunakan seser dan kemudian dijual ke pengumpul. Pengumpul mengumpulkan glass eel dari beberapa nelayan dan mendistribusikannya ke tempat pembudidayaan. Banyak glass eel yang mati pada saat ditransportasikan oleh nelayan dan pengumpul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses transportasi glass eel, moda transportasinya, dan parameter kualitas air pada saat ditransportasikan dari nelayan sampai ke kolam pembesaran serta mengidentifikasi risiko dan menentukan mitigasi transportasi glass eel. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan wawancara kepada nelayan dan pengumpul mengenai aktifitasnya dan parameter kualitas air yang digunakan. Analisis yang digunakan berupa analisis deskriptif, analisis komparatif, dan analisis risiko dan mitigasi menggunakan metode HIRAC. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses transportasi glass eel berawal dari nelayan ke pengumpul. Pengumpul mengumpulkan hasil tangkapan untuk selanjutnya ditransportasikan ke kolam pembesaran. Pentransportasian glass eel dimasukkan ke wadah kantong plastik dan atau cool box dengan suhu 170C- 290C menggunakan sepeda motor, Salinitas 1ppt- 3ppt, dan kadar DO 6,3mg/L- 7mg/L. Proses transportasi glass eel memiliki risiko yang menyebabkan glass eel stress dan mati. Risiko tersebut dapat dimitigasi menggunakan pengendalian administratif (berupa peringatan kepada nelayan untuk bekerja dengan hati-hati, pemeriksaan secara berkala terhadap kondisi parameter air, kondisi cool box, kondisi kantong plastik (PE)), substitusi (penggantian cool box dan kantong plastik (PE) yang sudah dalam kondisi rusak, mengganti plastik yang lebih tebal, atau merangkap penggunaan plastik), dan rekayasa engineering (penggunaan aerasi dan chiller untuk menjaga kadar DO dan suhu air). Glass eel fishing for nursery and culture purposes is carried out by fishermen using seser and then sold to collectors. The collectors collected glass eels from several fishermen and distributed them to culturing site. Many glass eels die when transported by fishermen and collectors. This study objectives were describing glass eel transportation process, its transportation modes, and water quality parameters when transported from fishermen to raising pond and identify risks and determine glass eel transportation mitigation. The method used in this study were observation and interviews with fishermen and collectors, regarding their activities along with water quality parameters used. The analysis used are descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, and risk and mitigation analysis using the HIRAC method. The results of research show that process of transporting glass eels started from fishermen to collectors. Collectors collect catches to be transported to raising pond. Glass eel transport carried out using plastic bags and/or cool boxes with temperature of 170C- 290C use the motorcycle, Salinity 1ppt-3ppt, and DO levels 6,3 mg / L-7,0 mg / L. Glass eel transportation process risking glass eel experiencing stress and die. These risks can be mitigated using administrative control (in the form of a warning to fishermen to work carefully, periodic checks on water parameter conditions, cool box conditions, plastic bag conditions (PE)), substitution (replacing cool boxes and plastic bags (PE) that are already in damaged condition, replacing thicker plastics, or using plastic), and engineering modification (use of aeration and chiller to maintain DO levels and water temperature).
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Merzbacher, Celia I., and David A. McKeown. "X-Ray Absorption Analysis of Ge and Ga Environments in Ba-Gallogermante Glasses." MRS Proceedings 307 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-307-69.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTX-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to characterize the local structure surrounding Ga and Ge in BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 glasses. Based on comparisons with results for crystalline standards of known structure, Ge and Ga in all of the glasses are primarily in tetrahedral coordination; no evidence for octahedral coordination is observed. Bond length and coordination values derived from fitting calculations are fairly uniform for all glasses, however disorder increases with increase in BaO and decrease in GeO2 content, especially in the second shell surrounding Ge and Ga. Ge absorption edges for all glasses resemble smoothed BGG-An or GeO2 [quartz] edges. Ga absorption edges of the glasses also resemble the BGG-An edge which has two edge maxima, but in the glasses the relative intensities of the two maxima vary with composition.
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Guérineau, Théo, Samar Aouji, Steeve Morency, Florian Calzavara, Patrick Larochelle, Philippe Labranche, Jerome Lapointe, et al. "Toward low-loss mid-infrared Ga2O3–BaO–GeO2 optical fibers." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (March 6, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30522-1.
Abstract:
AbstractThe development of efficient and compact photonic systems in support of mid-infrared integrated optics is currently facing several challenges. To date, most mid-infrared glass-based devices are employing fluoride or chalcogenide glasses (FCGs). Although the commercialization of FCGs-based optical devices has rapidly grown during the last decade, their development is rather cumbersome due to either poor crystallization and hygroscopicity resilience or poor mechanical-thermal properties of the FCGs. To overcome these issues, the parallel development of heavy-metal oxide optical fiber from the barium-germanium-gallium oxide vitreous system (BGG) has revealed a promising alternative. However, over 30 years of fiber fabrication optimization, the final missing step of drawing BGG fibers with acceptable losses for meters-long active and passive optical devices had not yet been reached. In this article, we first identify the three most important factors that prevent the fabrication of low-loss BGG fibers i.e., surface quality, volumic striae and glass thermal-darkening. Each of the three factors is then addressed in setting up a protocol enabling the fabrication of low-loss optical fibers from gallium-rich BGG glass compositions. Accordingly, to the best of our knowledge, we report the lowest losses ever measured in a BGG glass fiber i.e., down to 200 dB km−1 at 1350 nm.
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Shahid, Sharmeen. "Comparison between Bagolini Striated Glasses and Worth Four Dot Test in Assessment of Fusion and Suppression in Patients with Strabismus." Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 39, no. 1 (December 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v39i1.1497.
Abstract:
This cross sectional study was conducted at the Mayo Hospital Lahore from January 2019 to April 2019 to find out difference and agreement between Bagolini Striated Glasses and Worth Four Dot Test in assessment of fusion and suppression in patients with strabismus. Fifty patients with strabismus, with visual acuity of ≥ 0.6 Log Mar and at least 4 years of age were included. Fusion and suppression were assessed with Bagolini Striated Glasses (BAG) and Worth Four Dot Test (W4DT) at 1/3 meter. Forty-one patients were able to perform W4DT and forty-five patients performed BAG. There were 9 patients who were unable to demonstrate results with W4DT. There were 5 patients who could not demonstrate BAG. Fisher exact test showed 0.570 Exact sig. (2 sided) that exhibited an insignificant difference in the results of the two techniques. Cohen's kappa test showed -0.180 which indicated poor agreement between the two tests.
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Awad, L., N. Vaporidu, A. Rezaei, and G. Jell. "O096 Does boron bioactive glass have a role in bone regeneration?" British Journal of Surgery 109, Supplement_4 (July 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znac242.096.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Bioactive glasses (BGs) provide an alternative to allogenic bone grafts. Various ions can be incorporated into the BGs structure to further influence regenerative or antimicrobial properties. Boron has recently been purposed as element that can be incorporated into BGs to promote desirable cellular regenerative response. This study aims to systematically review literature to determine the level of evidence that boron bioactive glasses (BBGs) and boron can promote desirable bone regenerative responses both in vitro and in vivo. Methods A systematic review of Web of Science was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Data collected included bone cell behavioural analysis in response to boron or BBG compared to controls. Material properties of BBG (mechanical properties, degradation rate) compared to BG were compared. Results A total of 105 articles were included; 98 regarding BBG, and 12 articles studying the effect of boron. A higher biodegradation rate was observed in BBG compared with silicate-based BGs. BBGs have a lower compressive strength and increased fragility, as the percentage of B203 increases. 16 articles demonstrated a positive correlation with BBG and expression of OCN, VEGF, osteopontin, and RUNX2. Overall, metabolic activity of cells up to 14 days was lower in comparison to media and silicate BG. Conclusion BBGs have gained increased attention in the literature but the lack of heterogeneity and paucity of data does not provide convincing evidence of the effect of boron on bone regeneration and indicates the need for further quantitative research with a standardised approach to assessment. Take-home message Bioactive glasses can promote regeneration of bone, however the lack of heterogeneity and paucity of data regarding boron bioactive glass indicate the need for further quantitative research and standardised approach to assessment.