Journal articles: 'Beyond OFDM'

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Eren, Tuncay, and Aydin Akan. "Null Subcarrier Index Modulation in OFDM Systems for 6G and Beyond." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 31, 2021): 7263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217263.

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Computational complexity is one of the drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-index modulation (IM) systems. In this study, a novel IM technique is proposed for OFDM systems by considering the null subcarrier locations (NSC-OFDM-IM) within a predetermined group in the frequency domain. So far, a variety of index modulation techniques have been proposed for OFDM systems. However, they are almost always based on modulating the active subcarrier indices. We propose a novel index modulation technique by employing the part of the transmitted bit group into the null subcarrier location index within the predefined size of the subgroup. The novelty comes from modulating null subcarriers rather than actives and reducing the computational complexity of the index selection and index detection algorithms at the transmitter and receiver, respectively. The proposed method is physically straightforward and easy to implement owing to the size of the subgroups, which is defined as a power of two. Based on the results of our simulations, it appeared that the proposed NSC-OFDM-IM does not suffer from any performance degradation compared to the existing OFDM-IM, while achieving better bit error rate (BER) performance and improved spectral efficiency (SE) compared to conventional OFDM. Moreover, in terms of computational complexity, the proposed approach has a significantly reduced complexity over the traditional OFDM-IM scheme.

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Shalini, Ms, and Anoop Tiwari. "Overview of Beyond 4G-LTE Wireless Transmission Technologies." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 6 (July 10, 2019): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i6.5334.

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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising applicant innovation for 5G cell systems. By and by MIMO-OFDM remote innovations are utilizing in 4G LTE development remote correspondence. This paper examine about the job of MIMO-OFDM and NOMA as principal contributing execution factors in past 4G LTE Remote Transmission Innovation from a specialized point of view. Long Term Evolution (LTE) utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) along with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) reception apparatus innovation standard to accomplish high radio spectral efficiency and multicarrier approach for multiple accesses.

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Arslan, Huseyin, Kwang-Cheng Chen, and Petri Mähönen. "Radio Access Beyond OFDM(A)." Physical Communication 11 (June 2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2014.04.002.

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Diniz, Paulo S. R., Wallace A. Martins, and Markus V. S. Lima. "Block Transceivers: OFDM and Beyond." Synthesis Lectures on Communications 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2012): 1–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00424ed1v01y201206com007.

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Sarker, Sohag, Laila Arzuman Ara, Tahsin Alam, and Tarun Debnath. "Design and Analysis of MIMO F-OFDM Systems for 5G and Beyond Wireless Communications." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b6274.0710221.

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F-OFDM (Filtered-OFDM) is a flexible waveform that has been considered suitable for 5G and beyond systems for its improved spectrum utilization, moderates PAPR, low OOB emission, multiple asynchronous sub-band transmission, and high robustness to frequency selectivity. It can attain a desirable balance between frequency and time localizations for narrow bandwidths. It is also MIMO friendly. In this paper, a comprehensive design and analysis have been made to evaluate the performance of MIMO (4×4) CP-OFDM and F-OFDM systems for message bits transmission using several digital modulation techniques (16-QAM, 16-PSK, 16-DPSK, 64-QAM, 64-PSK, and 64-DPSK), RA channel coding, different windowed (Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Blackman-Harris, RRC) sinc FIR filters for length N = 513, and MMSE signal detection technique. From MATLAB based simulation results, it is observed that F-OFDM reduces spectrum leakage thus enhances spectrum efficiency than conventional CP-OFDM. F-OFDM based system offers lower BER (Bit Error Rate) performance than CP-OFDM based system.

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Wang, Chunyan. "Beyond 3G Techniques of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and Performance Analysis via Simulation." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 3, no. 3 (July 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/japuc.2011070101.

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As one of the techniques beyond 3G, because of the effective performance of high spectrum utilization and anti-fading for frequency selecting and adopted multi-carrier modulation technique that meets the requirement of the explosive traffic capacity, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has carried great weight in wireless communications. This paper expounds OFDM technical characteristics and performs computer simulation on the OFDM system based on Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) by means MATLAB. During the course of simulation, comparison between OFDM and traditional single-carrier technology is performed. The simulation results have great significance for research and applications in the field.

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Yang, Xianzhen, Siyuan Yan, Xiao Li, and Fu Li. "A Unified Spectrum Formulation for OFDM, FBMC, and F-OFDM." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081285.

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Although orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been standardized for 5G, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) and filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) remain competitive as candidates for future generations of wireless technologies beyond 5G, due to their reduced spectrum leakage and thus enhanced spectrum efficiency. In this article, we developed a unified spectrum expression for OFDM, FBMC, and F-OFDM, which provides comparative insights into those techniques. A representative sideband quantification is included at the end of this article.

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H. Ali, Mohammed, and Noora H. Sherif. "Design and Implementation of Adaptive Universal Filtered Multi Carrier for 5G and Beyond." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 14, no. 6 (December 8, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2022.06.02.

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The current generation (5G) mobile communication system promises to accommodate a wide range of new applications and use scenarios, resulting in more flexible and unified connection. To satisfy the required criteria, the current waveform was replaced with new UF-OFDM, which combines the advantages of OFDM with enhanced spectral characteristics and greater resilience against time-frequency misalignments. However, its biggest disadvantage is the transmitter's computational complexity, which may be up to two hundred times that of OFDM if there is no reduction in complexity. The majority of current research on unique waveforms has focused on filter modification or performance enhancement strategies. UFMC with the use of adaptive filter (UFMC -FSK) is offered as a revolutionary technique in this study. The filter designed and used to transport information through the index modulation technique. As a result, each UF-OFDM sub band's used filter is chosen, so the data rate is enhanced according to a filter configured depending on original input data bits. The combined Maximum-likelihood (ML) decision metric for each sub band that is calculated at the receiver. Each sub band has a filter as well as data symbols that provide the minimal metric for making decisions are discovered. Furthermore, the bit error rate and power spectrum density are enhanced over the UF-OFDM technique, however there is some trade-off. Overall, the proposed system outperform typical UF-OFDM. Matlab simulations are used to assess the performance of the Adaptive UFMC system.

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Juwono, Filbert H., and Regina Reine. "Future OFDM-based Communication Systems Towards 6G and Beyond: Machine Learning Approaches." Green Intelligent Systems and Applications 1, no. 1 (November 29, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/gisa.v1i1.34.

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The vision towards 6G and beyond communication systems demands higher rate transmission, massive amount of data processing, and low latency communication. Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM) has been adopted in the current 5G networks and has become one of the potential candidates for the future communication systems. Although OFDM offers many benefits including high spectrum efficiency and high robustness against the multipath fading channels, it has major challenges such as frequency offset and high Peak to Power Ratio (PAPR). In 5G communication network, there is a significant increase in the number of sensors and other low-power devices where users or devices may create large amount of connection and dynamic data processing. In order to deal with the increasingly complex communication network, Machine Learning (ML) has been increasingly utilised to create intelligent and more efficient communication network. This paper discusses challenges and the impacts of embedding ML in OFDM-based communication systems.

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Dumari, Hise Teferi, Demissie Jobir Gelmecha, Rajeev K. Shakya, and Ram Sewak Singh. "BER and PSD Improvement of FBMC with Higher Order QAM Using Hermite Filter for 5G Wireless Communication and beyond." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2023 (January 9, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7232488.

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Nowadays, multicarrier modulation schemes are being widely used in wireless communication system than single-carrier modulation techniques. Single-carrier modulation schemes are less capable of dealing with multipath fading channels than multicarrier modulation schemes, which results in lower spectral efficiency. Multicarrier modulation schemes have the ability to overcome multipath fading channels. Multicarrier modulation technique currently used in 4G technology in many countries is OFDM and it is easy for implementation, immune to interference, and provide fast data rate. However, the rising users demand on wireless communication resulted in need for further advancement of wireless communication system. The present OFDM transmission does not fulfill the requirements of 5G wireless communication system and beyond due to major limitations such as out of band emission and usage of cyclic prefix. To overcome the challenges of OFDM, different modulation schemes like Filter Bank Multicarrier with Offset-QAM, Filter Bank Multicarrier with QAM, Universal Filter Multicarrier, Filtered-OFDM, and Weighted Overlap and Added-OFDM are proposed. In this study, the Filter Bank Multicarrier with QAM using Hermite prototype filter is proposed to overcome drawbacks of OFDM and all other proposed waveforms. The performances of each multicarrier technique are analyzed based on power spectral density and bit error rate. Simulation result shows that the power spectral density of FBMC with QAM using Hermite filter resulted in 4.7 dB reduction of out of band emission compared to FBMC with QAM using PHYDYAS filter. The bit error rate is also reduced for Vehicular A, Vehicular B, Pedestrian A, and Pedestrian B channel models.

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Schmogrow, R., M. Winter, D. Hillerkuss, B. Nebendahl, S. Ben-Ezra, J. Meyer, M. Dreschmann, et al. "Real-time OFDM transmitter beyond 100 Gbit/s." Optics Express 19, no. 13 (June 16, 2011): 12740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.012740.

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Tusha, Armed, Seda Dogan, and Huseyin Arslan. "A Hybrid Downlink NOMA With OFDM and OFDM-IM for Beyond 5G Wireless Networks." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 27 (2020): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.2979059.

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13

Martins, João, Filipe Conceição, Marco Gomes, Vitor Silva, and Rui Dinis. "Joint Channel Estimation and Synchronization Techniques for Time-Interleaved Block-Windowed Burst OFDM." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 4403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104403.

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From a conceptual perspective, beyond-5G technologies promise to deliver very low latency, even higher data rates, and ultrareliable connections for future generations of communication systems. Modulation schemes based on orthogonal frequency-domain multiplexing (OFDM) can accommodate these requirements for wireless systems. Several hybrid OFDM-based systems, such as the time-interleaved block-windowed burst–OFDM (TIBWB–OFDM), are capable of achieving even better spectral confinement and power efficiency. This paper addresses the implementation of the TIBWB–OFDM system in more realistic and practical wireless link scenarios by addressing the challenges of proper and reliable channel estimation and frame synchronization. We propose to incorporate a preamble formed by optimal correlation training sequences such as the Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequences. The added ZC preamble sequence is used to jointly estimate the frame beginning through signal-correlation strategies and a threshold decision device, and acquire channel-state information (CSI) by employing estimators on the basis of the preamble sequence and transmitted data. The employed receiver estimators show that it is possible to detect the TIBWB–OFDM frame beginning and highlight the robustness of the TIBWB–OFDM technique to imperfect channel estimations by showing that it can provide comparatively close BER performance to the one where the CSI is perfectly known.

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14

Luo, Jian, Wilhelm Keusgen, and Andreas Kortke. "Efficient Joint Estimation and Compensation of CFO, Tx/Rx Frequency-Selective I/Q Imbalance, and the MIMO Radio Channel in OFDM Systems." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/679032.

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MIMO OFDM is a very promising technique for future wireless communication systems. By applying direct conversion architecture, low-cost, low-power, small size, and flexible implementation of MIMO OFDM systems can be realized. However, the performance of direct conversion architecture-based MIMO OFDM systems can be seriously affected by RF impairments incling carrier frequency offset (CFO) and I/Q-imbalance. While OFDM is sensitive to CFO, direct conversion architecture is sensitive to I/Q imbalance. Such RF impairments aggravate as the carrier frequency becomes higher for example, beyond 60 GHz. To achieve the desired high performance of MIMO OFDM, such RF impairments have to be compensated for. In this paper, the joint compensation of CFO, transmitter and receiver frequency-selective I/Q imbalance, and the MIMO radio channel is investigated. Two preamble-based schemes are proposed for impairment parameter estimation. The proposed preambles are constructed both in time and frequency domains and require much less overhead than the state-of-the-art designs. Furthermore, much lower computational complexity is allowed, enabling efficient implementation. The advantages and effectiveness of both proposed schemes are compared and verified by numerical simulations and complexity analysis.

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15

Mounir, Mohamed, Mohamed Bakry El Mashade, Ashraf Mohamed Aboshosha, and Mohamed Ibrahim Youssef. "Impact of HPA nonlinearity on the performance of power domain OFDM-NOMA system." Engineering Research Express 4, no. 2 (April 4, 2022): 025004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac5aa2.

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Abstract Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is expected to be used in beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks to support ultra-massive connectivity. Since the two preceding mobile networks generations used orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), NOMA is expected to be combined with OFDM. Unfortunately, the OFDM signal suffers from a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) that limits its performance as it passes through the nonlinear high power amplifier (HPA). In literature, few works have studied the effect of nonlinear distortion on OFDM-NOMA. Furthermore, the HPA models used in previous works to describe the impact of nonlinear distortion on OFDM-NOMA in downlink (DL) were impractical or inaccurate. In contrast, this work uses the well-known soft limiter (SL) model with input back-off (IBO) as a practical controlling parameter. Also, instead of investigating the effect of nonlinear distortion on OFDM-NOMA in DL only, this work investigated this effect in both DL and uplink (UL). In particular, during this work, the performance of the OFDM-NOMA system in the presence of nonlinear distortion in both UL and DL is investigated in terms of users’ achievable data rate, sum rate capacity, system fairness, and the bit error rate (BER) of each user. Results showed that, in DL, the NU is the most affected by the nonlinear distortion, while, in UL, the nonlinear distortion caused by the NU’s HPA is more severe than the nonlinear distortion caused by other users.

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Baig, Imran, Umer Farooq, Najam Ul Hasan, Manaf Zghaibeh, and Varun Jeoti. "A Multi-Carrier Waveform Design for 5G and beyond Communication Systems." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091466.

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The next generation communication network (NGCN) is expected to provide higher spectral efficiency, low latency, large throughput and massive machine-to-machine type communications. In this regard, the design of the multi-carrier waveform (MCW) is posing a major research problem for the NGCN. To overcome the stated problem, a lot of state-of-the-art work exists that proposes various MCW alternative to the standard orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. It is true that OFDM was used in a number of real-time communication systems of fourth generation (4G) networks. However, their use in the upcoming fifth generation (5G) network is not very feasible. This is because of the strict requirements of 5G communication systems, which also extend beyond 5G systems; hence rendering the use of OFDM infeasible for newer communication standards. To satisfy the requirements of upcoming communication networks, there is a dire need for MCWs with better flexibility. In this regard, a precoding-based MCW has been proposed. The proposed MCW fulfills the requirements of the NGCN in terms of low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), high spectral efficiency and throughput. The MCW proposed in this work uses power-domain multiplexing such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and phase rotation by using the selective mapping (SLM) and generalized chirp-like (GCL) precoding of the input signal to the universal filtered multi-carriers (UFMC) modulations. Statistical analysis of the PAPR is presented by using the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). The MATLAB® simulations have been carried out to implement the CCDF of PAPR and results show that a PAPR gain of 5.4 dB is obtained when the proposed waveform is compared with the standard NOMA-UFMC waveform at clip rate of 10−3, using 4-QAM.

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K. Mohammed, Raya, and Nasser N. Khamiss. "Hybrid Multiple Access Techniques Performance Analysis Of Dynamic Resource Allocation." Iraqi Journal of Information and Communication Technology 7, no. 1 (May 3, 2024): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.7.1.243.

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The Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) are promising techniques for next-generation wireless systems. Although much attention in the literature considered these techniques, an effective combination between such systems as hybrid multiple access (HMA) needs more attention. For this reason, this paper devotes to proposing two different scenarios of HMA using multi-user OFDM (MU-OFDM) and power domain (PD) NOMA for downlink transmission to overcome the limitations of both Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and NOMA. Due to the randomness of a wireless channel, different user grouping strategies and dynamic power allocation (DPA) strategies are employed to satisfy users’ requirements. The proposed systems give high flexibility utilizing bitrate allocation and user fairness. System results show superior performance to traditional OMA and NOMA systems. The achieved variety of fairness is helpful for the diversity of applications which is a principal requirement for beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) networks. The next step in this analysis is to enhance the proposed systems’ spectral efficiency (SE) by introducing beamforming for massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. The bit error rate (BER) result of the proposed system achieves almost the same error floor with a benefit of approximately 10 dB signalto-noise ratio (SNR) when 90 resource blocks (RBs) are used.

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Mounir, Mohamed, Mohamed B. El_Mashade, Salah Berra, Gurjot Singh Gaba, and Mehedi Masud. "A Novel Hybrid Precoding-Companding Technique for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in 5G and beyond." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041410.

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Several high-speed wireless systems use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) due to its advantages. 5G has adopted OFDM and is expected to be considered beyond 5G (B5G). Meanwhile, OFDM has a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem. Hybridization between two PAPR reduction techniques gains the two techniques’ advantages. Hybrid precoding-companding techniques are attractive as they require small computational complexity to achieve high PAPR reduction gain. Many precoding-companding techniques were introduced to increasing the PAPR reduction gain. However, reducing Bit Error Rate (BER) and out-of-band (OOB) radiation are more significant than increasing PAPR reduction gain. This paper proposes a new precoding-companding technique to better reduce the BER and OOB radiation than previous precoding-companding techniques. Results showed that the proposed technique outperforms all previous precoding-companding techniques in BER enhancement and OOB radiation reduction. The proposed technique reduces the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) by 15 dB compared with 10 dB for the best previous technique. Additionally, the proposed technique increases high power amplifier efficiency (HPA) by 11.4%, while the best previous technique increased HPA efficiency by 9.8%. Moreover, our proposal achieves PAPR reduction gain better than the most known powerful PAPR reduction technique with a 99% reduction in required computational complexity.

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Farhang-Boroujeny, Behrouz. "Filter Bank Multicarrier Modulation: A Waveform Candidate for 5G and Beyond." Advances in Electrical Engineering 2014 (December 21, 2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/482805.

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Recent discussions on viable technologies for 5G emphasize on the need for waveforms with better spectral containment per subcarrier than the celebrated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) is an alternative technology that can serve this need. Subcarrier waveforms are built based on a prototype filter that is designed with this emphasis in mind. This paper presents a broad review of the research work done in the wireless laboratory of the University of Utah in the past 15 years. It also relates this research to the works done by other researchers. The theoretical basis based on which FBMC waveforms are constructed is discussed. Also, various methods of designing effective prototype filters are presented. For completeness, polyphase structures that are used for computationally efficient implementation of FBMC systems are introduced and their complexity is contrasted with that of OFDM. The problems of channel equalization as well as synchronization and tracking methods in FBMC systems are given a special consideration and a few outstanding research problems are identified. Moreover, this paper brings up a number of appealing features of FBMC waveforms that make them an ideal choice in the emerging areas of multiuser and massive MIMO networks.

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Essai Ali, Mohamed Hassan, Ali R. Abdellah, Hany A. Atallah, Gehad Safwat Ahmed, Ammar Muthanna, and Andrey Koucheryavy. "Deep Learning Peephole LSTM Neural Network-Based Channel State Estimators for OFDM 5G and Beyond Networks." Mathematics 11, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 3386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11153386.

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This study uses deep learning (DL) techniques for pilot-based channel estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Conventional channel estimators in pilot-symbol-aided OFDM systems suffer from performance degradation, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions, due to noise amplification in the estimation process, intercarrier interference, a lack of primary channel data, and poor performance with few pilots, although they exhibit lower complexity and require implicit knowledge of the channel statistics. A new method for estimating channels using DL with peephole long short-term memory (peephole LSTM) is proposed. The proposed peephole LSTM-based channel state estimator is deployed online after offline training with generated datasets to track channel parameters, which enables robust recovery of transmitted data. A comparison is made between the proposed estimator and conventional LSTM and GRU-based channel state estimators using three different DL optimization techniques. Due to the outstanding learning and generalization properties of the DL-based peephole LSTM model, the suggested estimator significantly outperforms the conventional least square (LS) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimators, especially with a few pilots. The suggested estimator can be used without prior information on channel statistics. For this reason, it seems promising that the proposed estimator can be used to estimate the channel states of an OFDM communication system.

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Zhang, Ying, Wenwen Wang, Huan Xie, Shu Du, Mei Ma, and Qi Zeng. "Wireless Multi-Node uRLLc B5G/6G Networks for Critical Services in Electrical Power Systems." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 9437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249437.

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The successful operations of power system require the support of communication networks with massive nodes access and two-way reliable and latency-critical transmission, which is the most-important use case of ultra-reliable low-latency communications (uRLLc) in the Fifth-Generation and Beyond and Sixth-Generation (B5G/6G) networks. In this paper, based on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal in 5G, a new OFDM employing the hopped subcarrier technique (OFDM/FH) is proposed to attain the multiple nodes connectivity and the enhancement of transmission reliability. Considering the short and bursty packet types in the control information of power systems, the OFDM/FH signal can be naturally integrated with the mini-slot frame structure and automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheduling scheme to reduce the latency. The trade-off between the reliability in terms of the bit-error rate (BER) and the retransmission latency is investigated by semi-analytic simulations. Through the new joint design of the signal waveform and frame structure for uRLLc, we find that the proposed system can attain up to 99.999% reliability and ms-level latency for electric power services, even in the harsh wireless environment.

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Premnath, Sriram N., Daryl Wasden, Sneha K. Kasera, Neal Patwari, and Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny. "Beyond OFDM: Best-Effort Dynamic Spectrum Access Using Filterbank Multicarrier." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 21, no. 3 (June 2013): 869–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2012.2213344.

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Pekoz, Berker, Zekeriyya Esat Ankarali, Selcuk Kose, and Huseyin Arslan. "Non-Redundant OFDM Receiver Windowing for 5G Frames and Beyond." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69, no. 1 (January 2020): 676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2953233.

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Van Nee, Richard, V. K. Jones, Geert Awater, Allert Van Zelst, James Gardner, and Greg Steele. "The 802.11n MIMO-OFDM Standard for Wireless LAN and Beyond." Wireless Personal Communications 37, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-006-9073-2.

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Idrees, Nazar Muhammad, Zijie Lu, Muhammad Saqlain, Hongqi Zhang, Shiwei Wang, Lu Zhang, and Xianbin Yu. "A W-Band Communication and Sensing Convergence System Enabled by Single OFDM Waveform." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020312.

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Convergence of communication and sensing is highly desirable for future wireless systems. This paper presents a converged millimeter-wave system using a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform and proposes a novel method, based on the zero-delay shift for the received echoes, to extend the sensing range beyond the cyclic prefix interval (CPI). Both simulation and proof-of-concept experiments evaluate the performance of the proposed system at 97 GHz. The experiment uses a W-band heterodyne structure to transmit/receive an OFDM waveform featuring 3.9 GHz bandwidth with quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). The proposed approach successfully achieves a range resolution of 0.042 m and a speed resolution of 0.79 m/s with an extended range, which agree well with the simulation. Meanwhile, based on the same OFDM waveform, it also achieves a bit-error-rate (BER) 10−2, below the forward error-correction threshold. Our proposed system is expected to be a significant step forward for future wireless convergence applications.

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Oyegoke, M. A., and Y. O. Olasoji. "PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems Using Hybrid Zadoff-Chu Transform Precoding and Partial Transmit Sequence." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 5 (October 12, 2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2021.5.5.362.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation (MCM) scheme that plays a significant role in digital wireless communication. As a result of its high data rate capability and immunity to multipath fading effect, among others, OFDM remains an ideal technology for 5G communication systems and beyond. Unfortunately, a major drawback of this technology is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Nevertheless, many techniques for reducing PAPR have been proposed in the past to address this problem. However, all the techniques previously used have limitations such as high computational complexity, data rate loss, high signal distortion, increase in bandwidth, increase in transmit power, and memory requirements. In this paper, a hybrid technique that combines Zadoff-Chu Transform (ZCT) precoding and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) for reducing high PAPR in OFDM signals is presented. To reduce the data rate loss and computational complexity in PTS when a large subblock is used, a Zadoff-Chu precoding is applied to OFDM symbols to precode the symbol before applying PTS with a fewer number of subblocks. An OFDM model was developed where ZCT and PTS techniques were implemented. The performance of the hybrid model was analyzed using Power Spectral Density (PSD), Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF), and Bit Error Rate (BER). The simulation result indicates that the hybrid ZCT-PTS provides a better result than using either Zadoff-Chu precoding technique or Partial Transmit Sequence technique separately. A PAPR of 4.2 dB and BER of 3dB is achieved for hybrid ZCT-PTS. The hybrid technique provides a better system performance when compared with Conventional OFDM systems.

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Muslim, Bin, Muntazir Hussain, Usman Hashmi, A. Aneesullah, Muhammad Aamir, and Ali Zahir. "Performance evaluation of a multicarrier MIMO system based on DFT-precoding and subcarrier mapping." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 35, no. 2 (2022): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee2202253m.

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The ever-increasing end user demands are instigating the development of innovative methods targeting not only data rate enhancement but additionally better service quality in each subsequent wireless communication standard. This quest to achieve higher data rates has compelled the next generation communication technologies to use multicarrier systems e.g. orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), while also relying on the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. This paper is focused on implementing a MIMO-OFDM system and on using various techniques to optimize it in terms of the bit-error rate performance. The test case considered is a system implementation constituting the enabling technologies for 4G and beyond communication systems. The bit-error rate optimizations considered are based on preceding the OFDM modulation step by Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) while also considering various subcarrier mapping schemes. MATLAB-based simulation of a 2 ? 2 MIMO-OFDM system exhibits a maximum of 2 to 5 orders of magnitude reduction in bit-error rate due to DFT-precoding and subcarrier mapping respectively at high signal-to-noise ratio values in various environments. A 2-3dBs reduction in peak-to-average power ratio due to DFT-precoding in different environments is also exhibited in the various simulations.

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Otsuka, Hiroyuki, Ruxiao Tian, and Koki Senda. "Transmission Performance of an OFDM-Based Higher-Order Modulation Scheme in Multipath Fading Channels." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 8, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020019.

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Fifth-generation (5G) mobile systems are a necessary step toward successfully achieving further increases in data rates. As the use of higher-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is expected to increase data rates within a limited bandwidth, we propose a method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based 1024- and 4096-QAM transmission with soft-decision Viterbi decoding for use in 5G mobile systems. Through evaluation of the transmission performance of the proposed method over multipath fading channels using link-level simulations, we determine the bit error rate (BER) performance of OFDM-based 1024- and 4096-QAM as a function of coding rate under two multipath fading channel models: extended pedestrian A (EPA) and extended vehicular A (EVA). We also demonstrate the influence of phase error on OFDM-based 1024- and 4096-QAM and clarify the relationship between phase error and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) penalty required to achieve a BER of 1 × 10−2. This work provides an effective solution for introducing higher-order modulation schemes in 5G and beyond.

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Zhang, Lei, Ayesha Ijaz, Pei Xiao, Mehdi M. Molu, and Rahim Tafazolli. "Filtered OFDM Systems, Algorithms, and Performance Analysis for 5G and Beyond." IEEE Transactions on Communications 66, no. 3 (March 2018): 1205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2017.2771242.

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Le, Ha An, Trinh Van Chien, Tien Hoa Nguyen, Hyunseung Choo, and Van Duc Nguyen. "Machine Learning-Based 5G-and-Beyond Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Communication Systems." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 4861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144861.

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Channel estimation plays a critical role in the system performance of wireless networks. In addition, deep learning has demonstrated significant improvements in enhancing the communication reliability and reducing the computational complexity of 5G-and-beyond networks. Even though least squares (LS) estimation is popularly used to obtain channel estimates due to its low cost without any prior statistical information regarding the channel, this method has relatively high estimation error. This paper proposes a new channel estimation architecture with the assistance of deep learning in order to improve the channel estimation obtained by the LS approach. Our goal is achieved by utilizing a MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system with a multi-path channel profile for simulations in 5G-and-beyond networks under the level of mobility expressed by the Doppler effects. The system model is constructed for an arbitrary number of transceiver antennas, while the machine learning module is generalized in the sense that an arbitrary neural network architecture can be exploited. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed deep learning-based channel estimation framework over the other traditional channel estimation methods popularly used in previous works. In addition, bidirectional long short-term memory offers the best channel estimation quality and the lowest bit error ratio among the considered artificial neural network architectures.

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Arslan, Huseyin, and Mustafa E. Scahin. "Cognitive UWB-OFDM: Pushing ultra-wideband beyond its limit via opportunistic spectrum usage." Journal of Communications and Networks 8, no. 2 (June 2006): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2006.6182741.

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Jo, Han-Shin, Hyun-Goo Yoon, Jaewoo Lim, Woo-Ghee Chung, Jong-Gwan Yook, and Han-Kyu Park. "The coexistence of OFDM-based systems beyond 3G with fixed service microwave systems." Journal of Communications and Networks 8, no. 2 (June 2006): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2006.6182747.

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Djordjevic, Ivan, Hussam G. Batshon, Lei Xu, and Ting Wang. "Four-dimensional optical multiband-OFDM for beyond 14 Tb/s serial optical transmission." Optics Express 19, no. 2 (January 6, 2011): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.000876.

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Chuang, J., and N. Sollenberger. "Beyond 3G: wideband wireless data access based on OFDM and dynamic packet assignment." IEEE Communications Magazine 38, no. 7 (July 2000): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.852035.

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Liu, Y., T. Weber, and W. Zirwas. "Uplink performance investigations of the service area based beyond 3G system JOINT." Advances in Radio Science 3 (May 12, 2005): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-253-2005.

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Abstract. The joint transmission and detection integrated network (JOINT) is a novel OFDM-based vNP00 air interface solution for beyond 3G (B3G) mobile radio communications systems WMSL02. JOINT aims at eliminating the multiple access interference (MAI) and improving the system capacity by the application of MIMO techniques applied in the service area (SA) based system architecture. In a SA based structure the intra-SA multiple access interference (MAI) can be easily combated by algorithms like, e.g., joint detection (JD) Kle96,Ver98 in the uplink. The parameters like, e.g., the SA size, the system load and reuse factor show great impacts on the system performances, in terms of the average bit error rate (BER) and the BER statistics. Spectrum efficiency of JOINT is also investigated based on the simulation results.

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Yadav, Shatrughna Prasad. "Filter Bank Multicarrier Modulation Techniques for 5G and Beyond Wireless Communication Systems." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 2 (March 21, 2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2022.6.2.423.

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Higher data rates, higher mobility, lower latency, and better quality of service are the prime requirements for future communication systems. It is expected to provide connectivity to the Internet of everything, time-sensitive/time-engineered application, and service to high-fidelity holographic society. Its performance in terms of data rate, latency, synchronization, security, and reliability will be much better compared to 4G and 5G mobile communication systems. This paper investigates the performance of the pulse shaping-based filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation technique used in 5G mobile communication systems. Simulation results show that the FBMC system has a better performance compared to the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system in terms of many parameters such as achievable channel capacity, signal to noise ratio, time, and frequency response, out of band leakage, etc.

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Mohammady, Somayeh, Ronan Farrell, David Malone, and John Dooley. "Performance Investigation of Peak Shrinking and Interpolating the PAPR Reduction Technique for LTE-Advance and 5G Signals." Information 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11010020.

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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become an indispensable part of waveform generation in wideband digital communication since its first appearance in digital audio broadcasting (DAB) in Europe in 1980s, and it is indeed in use. As has been seen, the OFDM based waveforms work well with time division duplex operation in new radio (NR) systems in 5G systems, supporting delay-sensitive applications, high spectral efficiency, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) compatibility, and ever-larger bandwidth signals, which has demonstrated successful commercial implementation for 5G downlinks and uplinks up to 256-QAM modulation schemes. However, the OFDM waveforms suffer from high peak to average power ratio (PAPR), which is not desired by system designers as they want RF power amplifiers (PAs) to operate with high efficiency. Although NR offers some options for maintaining the efficiency and spectral demand, such as cyclic prefix based (CP-OFDM), and discrete Fourier transform spread based (DFT-S-OFDM) schemes, which have limiting effects on PAPR, the PAPR is still as high as 13 dB. This value increases when the bandwidth is increased. Moreover, in LTE-Advance and 5G systems, in order to increase the bandwidth, and data-rate, carrier aggregation technology is used which increases the PAPR the same way that bandwidth increment does; therefore, it is essential to employ PAPR reduction in signal processing stage before passing the signal to PA. In this paper, we investigate the performance of an innovative peak shrinking and interpolation (PSI) technique for reducing peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based signals at waveform generation stage. The main idea behind the PSI technique is to extract high peaks, scale them down, and interpolate them back into the signal. It is shown that PSI technique is a possible candidate for reducing PAPR without compromising on computational complexity, compatible for existing and future telecommunication systems such as 4G, 5G, and beyond. In this paper, the PSI technique is tested with variety of signals in terms of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) length, type of the signal modulation, and applications. Additional work has been carried out to compare the proposed technique with other promising PAPR reduction techniques. This paper further validates the PSI technique through experimental measurement with a power amplifier (PA) test bench and achieves an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of less than –55 dBc. Results showed improvement in output power of PA versus given input power, and furthermore, the error vector magnitude (EVM) of less than 1 % was achieved when comparing of the signal after and before modification by the PSI technique.

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Schmogrow, R., M. Winter, M. Meyer, D. Hillerkuss, S. Wolf, B. Baeuerle, A. Ludwig, et al. "Real-time Nyquist pulse generation beyond 100 Gbit/s and its relation to OFDM." Optics Express 20, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.000317.

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Murad, Mohsin, Imran A. Tasadduq, and Pablo Otero. "Towards Multicarrier Waveforms Beyond OFDM: Performance Analysis of GFDM Modulation for Underwater Acoustic Channels." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 222782–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3043718.

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Inacio, Juliana C., Bartolomeu F. Uchoa-Filho, and Didier Le Ruyet. "Exploiting Signal Space Diversity in OFDM With Grouped Subcarriers: Going Beyond Subcarrier Index Modulation." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 7, no. 4 (August 2018): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2807446.

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Zheng Yan, Zheng Yan, Yaochao Liu Yaochao Liu, and Xue Chen Xue Chen. "Joint scheme for symbol, sampling clock, and carrier frequency synchronization in PDM-CO-OFDM system beyond 100 Gb/s." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 10 (2014): 100605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.100605.

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42

Jang, Sangmin, Dongjun Na, and Kwonhue Choi. "Intensive Performance Comparison between OFDM-Based and FBMC-Based Uplink Systems for 5th-and-Beyond Generation." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 44, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 814–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2019.44.5.814.

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43

Kryszkiewicz, Pawel. "Efficiency Maximization for Battery-Powered OFDM Transmitter via Amplifier Operating Point Adjustment." Sensors 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010474.

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While Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a dominating spectrum access technology in modern, wideband access networks, it is important to maximize its transmission efficiency considering the underlying radio front-end characteristics. A practical front-end contains nonlinear components, e.g., a Power Amplifier (PA), resulting in nonlinear distortion being injected into OFDM band deteriorating symbols detection. A PA operating point, defined here by Input Back-Off (IBO), can be adjusted to balance the wanted signal power and nonlinear distortion power. While it is the most common to maximize the spectral efficiency (SE), recently, energy efficiency (EE) maximization gained momentum. However, EE maximization requires, in addition to PA nonlinearity modeling, modeling of the power consumption of the PA and all other transmitter components. While it is commonly overlooked, if a battery is used to power the transmitter, its model should be considered as well. This paper derives mathematical expressions for EE and SE of an OFDM transmitter considering Rapp and soft-limiter models of PA nonlinearity, class A, class B, and perfect PA power consumption models, and two battery models: perfect and worst-case. While closed-form expressions cannot be obtained for most of the derived integrals, numerical methods have been used to obtain the optimal IBO value in each case. The numerical results show, in addition to optimal IBO values, the expected Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratios (SNDRs). It is shown that the optimal IBO value changes significantly with the wireless channel properties, utilized hardware architecture, or the utilized optimization goal. As such, the proposed optimization is an important topic for 5G and beyond transmitters.

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Li, Yupeng, Jiawei Han, and Xiaonan Zhao. "Performance Investigation of DFT-Spread OFDM Signal for Short Reach Communication Systems Beyond NG-PON2." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 27426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2901526.

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Djordjevic, Ivan B., Lei Xu, and Ting Wang. "Beyond 100 Gb∕s Optical Transmission Based on Polarization Multiplexed Coded-OFDM With Coherent Detection." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.1.000050.

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Dass, Devika, Sean O'Duill, Amol Delmade, and Colm Browning. "Analysis of Phase Noise in a Hybrid Photonic/Millimetre-Wave System for Single and Multi-Carrier Radio Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 5800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175800.

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The future evolution of wireless networks, throughout the 5G era and beyond, will require the expansion and augmentation of millimetre-wave systems for both terrestrial and satellite communications. Photonic technologies offer a cost efficient and high bandwidth platform for millimetre-wave carrier generation and distribution, but can introduce high levels of phase noise through optical heterodyning, which is highly problematic for mobile signal waveforms. In this work, a detailed analytical model of a hybrid photonic/mm-wave system is developed and discussed. Through careful system design, the system is found to support both 5G compatible multi-carrier (OFDM) and single carrier (APSK) modulation at 60 GHz. APSK is found to offer higher tolerance mm-wave phase noise compared to OFDM, ultimately easing optical linewidth restrictions to ∼30 kHz. The model is extended to include a novel millimetre wave phase noise cancelling receiver, which is shown to significantly alleviate these restrictions even further—enabling phase noise free mm-wave operation for optical linewidths up to ∼2 MHz. Detailed analysis and discussion of this extended system lead to the establishment of a theoretical relationship between the mm-wave receiver design and the achievable system performance in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM). Excellent matching of the predicted theoretical with simulated performances is shown.

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Maraş, Meryem, Elif Nur Ayvaz, Meltem Gömeç, Asuman Savaşcıhabeş, and Ali Özen. "A Novel GFDM Waveform Design Based on Cascaded WHT-LWT Transform for the Beyond 5G Wireless Communications." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051831.

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In this paper, a new WHT-LWT-GFDM waveform obtained by combining Walsh–Hadamard Transform (WHT), Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT), and Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) is presented for use in next-generation wireless communication systems. The proposed approach meets the requirement of 5th-generation (5G) and beyond communication schemes in terms of low latency, low peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR), and low bit-error rate (BER). To verify the performance of the presented waveform, PAPR and BER simulation results were obtained in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and flat Rayleigh fading channels, and the performance of the proposed system was compared with conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), GFDM, and Walsh–Hadamard transform-based GFDM (WHT-GFDM). Simulation results show that the proposed waveform achieves the best BER and PAPR performances and it provides considerable performance gains over the conventional waveforms.

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Ullah, Rahat, Sibghat Ullah, Waqas A. Imtiaz, Jahangir Khan, Peer Meher Ali Shah, Muhammad Kamran, Jianxin Ren, and Shuaidong Chen. "High-Capacity Free Space Optics-Based Passive Optical Network for 5G Front-Haul Deployment." Photonics 10, no. 10 (September 24, 2023): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10101073.

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With the expansion of Information and Communication Technology, it is important to develop a communication network that can provide high-capacity ubiquitous connectivity. This work proposes an energy-efficient passive optical network (PON) using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to facilitate the dense deployment of radio units (RUs) in a beyond 5G (B5G) communication network. High-speed connectivity is ensured by employing a hybrid PON architecture that includes a combination of free space optics (FSO) links and optical fiber (OF) media to carry OFDM and WDM multiplexed traffic. Furthermore, an optical frequency comb generator (OFCG) is utilized at the transmitter module to generate and leverage the spectrum for transmitting information from baseband units (BBUs) to the RUs situated near the end users. The proposed system is analyzed through (i) simulation analysis using Optisystem for transmission capacity computations and (ii) mathematical analysis to determine the total savings in energy. The simulation analysis shows that the given architecture can carry data across 3 km of FSO medium using 512 subcarriers per BBU transmitting at 10 Gbps of data with QPSK-modulated bit sequence. Additionally, energy efficiency shows that the use of an OFCG cuts the total energy usage by 22% at the transmitter module without negatively impacting the system’s high cardinality and transmission capacity.

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Shaiek, Hmaied, Rafik Zayani, Yahia Medjahdi, and Daniel Roviras. "Analytical Analysis of SER for Beyond 5G Post-OFDM Waveforms in Presence of High Power Amplifiers." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 29441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2900977.

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An, Zeliang, Tianqi Zhang, Baoze Ma, Chen Yi, and Yuqing Xu. "Blind High-Order Modulation Recognition for Beyond 5G OSTBC-OFDM Systems via Projected Constellation Vector Learning Network." IEEE Communications Letters 26, no. 1 (January 2022): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3124244.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Beyond OFDM'

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