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Academic literature on the topic 'Betterave à sucre – Génétique moléculaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Betterave à sucre – Génétique moléculaire"
Ajayi, A. A., G. O. Onipede, B. C. Okafor, K. A. Adepoju, and J. C. Nwabuenu. "Phenotypic identification of soil bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting an archaeological monument at Augustine University, Ilara Epe, southwest Nigeria." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 4 (September 27, 2021): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i4.7.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Betterave à sucre – Génétique moléculaire"
Santoni, Sylvain. "Etude des ADN satellites et des gènes ribosomiques nucléaires dans le genre beta : application à la mise au point de tests moléculaires d'homogénéité des lots de semences de betterave sucrière." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10052.
Full textBunwaree, Heemee Devi. "Implementation of a genetic screen for the identification of resistances to beet virus yellows." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ042.
Full textSince the ban on neonicotinoids in the European Union, sugar beet production has been severely threatened by virus yellows (VY) epidemics. VY are caused by a complex of several aphid-transmitted viruses, among which the poleroviruses beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and beet chlorosis virus (BChV) are highly represented. In order to improve the screening of sugar beet varieties resistant or tolerant to viral yellows, we produced a recombinant virus, allowing easy and rapid visual discrimination between infected and healthy plants, without the need of additional equipment. It is a clone of BMYV capable of inducing the silencing of an endogenous gene via the phenomenon of virus induced gene silencing (VIGS), with infection manifesting as accelerated vein clearing of leaves, starting as early as ten days after agroinoculation. Molecular analyses revealed that the recombinant virus displays the same infectivity as the wild-type virus and that the insert is stable within the viral progeny, till at least five months post-infiltration. Our results also indicated that the percentage of VIGS-symptomatic plants is representative of the infection rate for each evaluated line. The use of this tool allowed us to visually identify one BMYV resistant and three partial resistant lines from forty-two sugar beet lines. Such lines represent interesting potential candidates for breeding programs. Thus, this work validates the use of a polerovirus as a VIGS vector, adapted to sugar beet, allowing large-scale, robust visual screenings for the identification of resistance genes or for functional studies
Link, Didier. "Etude de la variabilité moléculaire et du pouvoir pathogène d'isolats naturels du virus des nervures jaunes et nécrotiques de la betterave : caractérisation des protéines codées par les ARN-3 et -5 de différents isolats." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/LINK_Didier_2004.pdf.
Full textBased on the CP sequence, P25 variability at aa positions 67-70, and the presence of a fifth RNA, a new BNYVV classification into 5 groups has been proposed. The effect of the hypervariable sequence of P25 has been reproduced by mutagenesis and tested upon the biological properties of the infectious clone. We have demonstrated an important role of the hypervariable sequence upon dimerization of the P25 protein and the induced symptoms on plant leaves. A full-length cDNA clone of RNA-5 has been produced and the encoded P26 protein studied. P26 was located in the nuclear compartment of infected and transfected cells, by transmission electron microscopy and GFP fusion protein, respectively. A two-hybrid screen for viral and cellular partners revealed strong transcription activation activity located within the N-terminal part of the P26 protein. Such a domain was involved in the nuclear targeting of P26 protein. On the basis of our results and observations, we proposed a new evolutionary model for this multi-component positive-stranded RNA virus
Kozlowska-Makulska, Anna. "Variabilité biologique et moléculaire des polérovirus responsables de la jaunisse modérée de la betterave sucrière en Pologne et en France." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/KOZLOWSKA-MAKULSKA_Anna_2008.pdf.
Full textCe travail de thèse sur la variabilité des polérovirus de la betterave (Beet mild yellowing virus et Beet chlorosis virus) avait quatre objectifs scientifiques : 1° une étude épidémiologique comparée de la jaunisse modérée de la betterave en France et en Pologne dont les résultats ont montré pour la première fois la présence du BChV en Pologne et confirmé la progression du BChV en France, ainsi que la fréquence croissante de co-infections BChV-BMYV. Lors de cette étude, des échantillons de betterave rouge, ainsi que d’adventices, ont également été trouvés infectés par des polérovirus de la betterave dans respectivement 14 sur 158 et 20 sur 99 plantes ; 2° une caractérisation moléculair des isolats polonais en comparaison avec des isolats français, suivie d’une analyse phylogénétique qui a permis d’identifier des isolats recombinants de BChV, chez lesquels la séquence de la CP était reliée phylogénétiquement à celle du BMYV; 3° une analyse de la spécificité de transmission de différents isolats du BChV et du BMYV par quatre espèces aphidiennes qui a révélé un fort taux de transmission par Myzus persicae et Macrosiphum euphorbiae et une absence de transmission par Aphis fabae et Myzus ascalonicus. De plus, une variabilité d’efficacité de transmission parmi les isolats du BChV a été obtenue avec deux clones de M. Euphorbiae ; 4° une évaluation du degré de la suppression du PTGS (post-transcriptional gene silencing) qui a montré que la protéine P0 du BMYV est un suppresseur de PTGS très efficace hors de son contexte viral. Par contre, dans les mêmes conditions expérimentales, la P0 du BChV n’a montré aucun effet de suppression du RNA silencing. De plus, pour deux isolats du BMYV, la P0 n’a pas induit de suppression du silencing
Lacroix, Benoit. "Etude de la transformation génétique de Beta Vulgaris L. , via Agrobacterium tumefaciens : aspects fondamentaux et appliqués." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0026.
Full textCatusse, Julie. "Utilisation de la protéomique pour la dissection des processus de germination et de vigueur germinative des graines de betterave à sucre." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3025.
Full textWe have used proteomics to better characterize germination and early seedling vigor in sugarbeet. Our strategy includes (1) construction of proteome reference maps for dry and germinating seeds of a high-vigor reference seed lot; (2) investigation of the specific tissue accumulation of proteins (root, cotyledon, perisperm); (3) investigation of changes in protein expression profiles detected in the reference seed lot subjected different vigor-modifying treatments, e. G. Aging and/or priming. More than 1,100 sugarbeet seed proteins have been identified by LC/MS-MS mass spectrometry (albumins, globulins and glutelins have been analyzed separately). Due to the conservation of protein sequences and the quality of MS sequencing (more than 5000 peptide sequences have been obtained), the success rate of protein identification was on the average of 80%. This is to our knowledge the best detailed proteome analysis ever carried out in seeds. The data allowed us to build a detailed metabolic chart of the sugarbeet seed, generating new insights into the molecular mechanisms determining the development of a new seedling. Also, the proteome of a seed-storage tissue as the perisperm is described for the first time
Roussy, Isabelle. "Etudes relative à la régénération et à la transformation génétique par Agrobacterium tumefaciens chez la Betterave sucrière (Beta vulgaris L. )." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIE0100.
Full textVetter, Guillaume. "Caractérisation du mécanisme de transport nucléo-cytoplasmique de la protéine P25 et mise en évidence d'interactions entre les protéines de mouvement du virus des nervures jaunes et nécrotiques de la betterave." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13051.
Full textBeet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is responsible for rhizomania disease of sugar beet. Its genome is composed of 4 or 5 plus-sense RNAs. The results described in this thesis concern (1) the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of the protein P25 coded by BNYVV RNA 3 and its influence on symptomatology, and (2) the subcellular localization and the interactions among the three viral proteins implicated in cell-to-cell movement of the virus. Previous studies showed that P25 is responsible for the typical symptoms of rhizomania. By means of laser scanning confocal microscopy, I have shown that P25 fused to GFP localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of infected cells. Both a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NEMS) were detected on P25. The transport of P25 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus involved a direct interaction between the NLS and importin-a. Nuclear export required the NEMS sequence and occured by the Exportin1 pathway. Mutagenesis of potential phosphorylation sites on P25 indicated that its nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking was regulated by protein kinases. A correlative study of leaf symptoms and the subcellular localization of wild-type and mutant P25's expressed in the context of a viral infection showed that nuclear import-deficient P25 mutants did not induce the leaf symptoms associated with P25 expression. Finally, one-hybrid experiments revealed that P25 can activate transcription of reporter genes in yeast. Taken together, these results suggest that P25, which contains a Zn-finger motif and a C-terminal acidic domain, could modulate transcription of cellular genes, and this could explain the characteristic symptoms of rhizomania. In the second part of my thesis, I have used electron microscopy to show that the BNYVV movement proteins TGBp1 and TGBp2 co-localize at plasmodesmata of BNYVV-infected cells. The existence of interactions between the two proteins was confirmed by farwestern and co-immunoprecipitation experiments
Pegot-Espagnet, Prune. "Utilisation de la sélection génomique dans un programme de pre-breeding : application chez la betterave sucrière." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30012.
Full textThe goal of varietal selection is to produce new varieties from existing diversity. For marketable sugar beet varieties, the accumulation of prerequisite traits such as sugar yield per hectare, multiple disease resistance or reduced nitrogen inputs, dramatically reduced the genetic variability available in breeding programs. One of the AKER project’s main goal was to enrich this genetic diversity with an original approach making use of exotic genetic resources. An analysis of a collection of genes from resources around the world allowed to identify 16 exotic accessions representing all the allelic diversity absent from elite sugar beets. The purpose of this PhD is to promote the introgression of exotic genetic resources discovered in the AKER project in a pre-breeding program using genomic selection. Different pre-breeding schemes must be able to be simulated and compared in order to guide the production of a pre-breeding population comprising fragments of exotic accessions, a population which will constitute a useful and diverse gene pool from which breeders can draw to create new varieties of sugar beets. The hypothesis made in the AKER program that the introduction of exotic regions into a pre breeding program can provide useful genetic diversity was first verified by comparing the genetic architecture of several characters in two populations : an (elite x exotic) progeny and an elite panel. This genetic architecture, which corresponds to the number of genomic regions involved in the expression of the trait, their location on the genome, and the proportion of the trait that they explain, was determined thanks to a QTL study. The genetic architecture of root yield was then studied in populations called "AKER populations", each population created from the introgression of a single exotic accession within an elite germplasm. This study assessed the effect of every exotic fragment on root yield. With a specially developed simulator, different pre-breeding schemes all starting with AKER populations were simulated and compared. These simulations made it possible to study the impact of several parameters on the evolution of root yield and on the genetic diversity present in the final pre-breeding population
Fénart, Stéphane. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle des populations de betteraves mauvaises herbes (Beta vulgaris ssp. ) : implications possibles dans la dissémination de transgènes." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1fcc623a-aa10-44c3-ada9-dee1a5934f30.
Full textLe déficit en hétérozygotes semble être le fait à la fois d'un effet Wahlund temporel dû au mélange de cohortes dans la banque de graines mais également d'un effet Wahlund spatial, dû à la formation au cours du temps de taches d'infestation d'individus apparentés. L'autofécondation, héritée des cultivées, ne se retrouve principalement que dans les stades d'infestation les moins avancés et semble contre sélectionnée au cours du temps en raison d'une importante dépression de consanguinité. Au contraire, la montaison sans vernalisation, héritée des rudérales, contribue au syndrome de mauvaise herbe et est de ce fait très vite sélectionné. Nos études de paternités menées sur cinq parcelles au sein d'un paysage agricole ont montré que la dispersion du pollen peut se faire sur des distances très élevées allant jusqu'à une dizaine de kilomètres. La commercialisation de variétés transgéniques résistantes à un herbicide total est envisagée pour contrôler les betteraves mauvaises herbes. Si une hybridation cultivée x sauvage concerne ces variétés, elle pourrait aboutir à la formation de betteraves mauvaises herbes résistantes aux herbicides. Au vu de nos résultats, celles-ci pourraient à leur tour transmettre cette résistance à d'autres betteraves mauvaises herbes poussant sur des parcelles voisines ou aux populations de betteraves sauvages littorales, pouvant entraîner des conséquences importantes, tant sur le plan économique qu'écologique