Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Béton – Environnement'
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Bouharoun, Samir. "Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage : influence de la formulation du béton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0209.
Full textIn a context where sustainable development has become a major priority, the companies in the building field must face to new requirements in terms of respect of the environment. In particular, during the concrete pouring, a mineral release agent, poorly biodegradable is currently used as separating layer non-stick. The nature of this oil creates significant risks of environmental pollution. New formulations of release agent of vegetable origin were developed.The appearance of this new product range requires a sufficient knowledge of their behavior at the interface concrete/release agent/formwork. This report contributes to the study the effect of the concrete composition on the tribological behavior at the interface concrete/formwork with two release agents of different nature (vegetable release agent and mineral release agent). The zone of concrete near the formwork was studied without release agents. First, the evolution of the density of the concrete at the approach of a wall was evaluated as a function of the contact pressure and the past volume. Then, a comprehensive analysis of this fresh layer was carried out to estimate the W/B ratio and the amount of paste mobilized close to the formwork. A physicochemical study was performed by reconstituting the interstitial medium of the interface concrete/release agent/formwork containing a different dosage of oil and superplasticizer. Several adapted techniques to these complex medium were used to evaluate the formation of soaps and to determine the stability of the obtained emulsions. This thesis ends with a study of the friction of fresh concrete against the formwork with and without release agent using a plan/plan tribometer. Many formulations of concrete are studied. The results were allowed to understand the mechanism of action of the fines element and the dosage of superplasticizer at the interfaces concrete/formwork and concrete/release agent/formwork. In the case of vegetable release agent, the soap formed from the esters and fatty acids contributes to reduce the friction by stabilizing the emulsion and organizing the interface. However, the presence of the superplasticizer is necessary to obtain a high performance for the mineral release agent
Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160.
Full textThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Deby, Fabrice. "Approche probabiliste de la durée des bétons en environnement marin." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/370/.
Full textA probabilistic approach to prediction of concrete's durability in marine environment is proposed in this thesis. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology linked with the performance-based approaches using the concept of durability indicators. The probabilistic FORM algorithm and the coupled deterministic model are developed to estimate the reliability index of the material. The probability distributions of the random variables are built. A multiplicative error is introduced in order to integrate information from different concretes into a single database and a Bayesian network is presented to update these results by further experiments. A practical example is proposed for a reinforced concrete immersed in sea water. A semi-probabilistic design for engineering based on characteristic values and partial safety factors is developed to achieve the same reliability
Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Matoiri, Chaibati Nadare. "Méthode probabiliste générique de qualification de la durabilité / fiabilité du béton dans son environnement." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0021.
Full textThe evolution of construction techniques, innovation and the environmental consideration standards are driving construction players to offer efficient and innovative materials for the construction of buildings and various infrastructures around the world. The material remains the most widely used in the construction industry today.Concrete standardization is generally based on prescriptive rules that take into account the Water/Cement ratio, the minimum resistance class, the minimum cement content, minimum air content, etc. This prescriptive method remains satisfactory but must be supplemented by another alternative to take into account the use of concrete composition not mentioned in the standard. Thus, the performance-based approach to concrete durability has been proposed. The aimis to allow the manufacture of concrete with a different formula than the standard while showing that it is as efficient as that of the standard. This performance demonstration involves the use of durability indicators and performance tests.The results of the tests carried out on the new concrete formulation will show whether its performance is equal to or above that of the standard. The problem arises in the number of tests to be carried out in order to guarantee the performance of the concrete. In this thesis, a generic method of qualifying the durability/Reliability of concrete with an optimized test plan is proposed for different types of environments. This method allows to estimate the durability/reliability of concrete in its environment with a given guarantee and a statistic of the tests to be carried out. The Wiener process is used to model degradation processes in concrete.An application of the method is carried out for the case of a concrete subject to carbonation
Marquet, Clément. "Binaire béton : Quand les infrastructures numériques aménagent la ville." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT036.
Full textHow is the city developed by and with digital technologies? To answer this question, the thesis analyses in a single movement the urban consequences of the information and physical infrastructures of digital technology. To this end, it mobilizes the methodological and analytical frameworks of Infrastructure Studies, the sociology of techniques and innovation and the sociology of public problems. From an empirical point of view, it proposes to take a step back from the major mediatized experiments of the "smart city" to study more diffuse, everyday transformations generated by digital technologies. It consists of two case studies: on the one hand, it follows a programme to develop connected services to improve the accessibility of a Paris Region transport network for people with reduced mobility, and on the other hand, it analyses the discreet establishment of numerous data centres in Plaine Commune, in the north of the Parisian metropolitan area, and the resulting local unrest. The fieldwork includes several participating observations, about 40 interviews, a press review and the analysis of internal documents of the organizations. The thesis shows how the logic of immediacy, of "real time", generally at the centre of the promises associated with the digital city, requires an increased availability of workers, data and servers. Thus, in the transport company, projects to improve passenger service via smartphones confront station agents with the dual imperative of the face-to-face relationship and the alerts of the connected device. The cartographic data on which connected services are based, often taken for granted, require organizations to invent new collaborations to ensure their production and maintenance. The servers necessary for the functioning of the digital society are accumulated, protected and maintained in data centres, imposing buildings that are geographically concentrated, disrupt the environments in which they are located, disconcert elected officials and disturb residents. The logic of real time thus weighs on the social and spatial organization of cities, and invites us to rethink the urban development of digital infrastructures in terms of work, maintenance and the environment - unlike those, more commonly mobilized, of socio-technical imaginaries, promises of optimization and urban models
Aubert, Jean-Emmanuel. "Valorisation d'une cendre d'incinérateur d'ordures ménagères traitée par le procédé Revasol R dans des bétons hydrauliques." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30203.
Full textDang, Vu Hiep. "Phases d'initiation et de propagation de la corrosion des armatures du béton armé fissuré en environnement carbonique ou salin." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0039/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the reinforcement corrosion embedded in reinforced concrete structures on both initiation and propagation of corrosion and its long-term consequences on the service life of structures. Firstly, a long-term study on the conditions for the initiation and propagation of corrosion in saline environment is presented and the first results confirm the early initiation of corrosion, but shows that the influence of pre-cracks on the propagation of corrosion depends on their conditions of exposure and concrete cover thickness. A study was conducted in carbon dioxide condition with presence of cracks to examine its impact on the initiation and propagation of corrosion. The results showed that whatever the mechanical crack opening, the crack edge and the steel-concrete interface were carbonated. Carbonation of the steel-concrete interface is likely to be due to mechanical damage induced by loading and stress transfer from the steel to mortar when creating cracks. This damage is also caused by the presence of internal micro-cracks around the steel bar. Following exposure to wetting-drying cycles, corrosion develops throughout the reinforcement but with a greater thickness of rust layer on the underside of the reinforcement where the quality of the interface is weaker. The results showed that the corrosion cracking induced by the development of rust layer arises from internal micro-cracks due to mechanical damage. This result is consistent with the development of corrosion cracks observed previously in saline environment. Another part of the thesis is to study the residual mechanical properties of corroded reinforced concrete beams of 26-28 years exposed to a saline environment under bending load. The behavior of single tensile steel corroded extracted from these corroded beams is studied. It is very difficult to know the true stress of tensile steels corroded "naturally" in concrete contaminated by exposure to chlorides. Indeed, the corrosion induced by chlorides leads to create corrosion pits with various geometries that make it difficult to determine accurately the residual steel cross-section. However, it appears that the true yield stress is unaffected, the true ultimate stress is slightly increased by corrosion but the total elongation at failure is drastically reduced by the presence of pitting corrosion. The effect of reinforcement corrosion on flexural behavior is then studied. The corrosion resulted in a change in failure mode, from concrete crushing in compression after yielding of tensile steel to brittle failure of tension reinforcement. The decrease of the load bearing capacity is proportional to the loss of steel section in the mid-span section. The loss of ductility or decrease in deflection at failure of reinforced concrete beams is very important and could be the limiting factor for the service life of corroded RC structures. It appears that the change in ductility of corroded reinforced concrete beam is correlated with the change in ductility of the steel due to corrosion. The effect of corrosion on the shear behavior is then studied. To make this, the short-shear span beams (deep beams) were tested under three point bending until failure. The results showed that corrosion can lead to changes in mechanical behavior but load bearing capacity of deep beams is generally unaffected by corrosion of longitudinal reinforcement and stirrups. These results can be explained by a coupled behavior between arch action and beam action leading to change in load transfer mechanism and failure mode. In addition, the capacity of straight end anchorage of corroded reinforcement appears to be very much higher than expected despite the presence of corrosion cracks. Concrete confinement effect due to the end support reaction and the “natural” corrosion condition which do not lead to a homogeneous damage all around perimeter of re-bars may explain these surprising results
Schiopu, Nicoleta. "Caractérisation des émissions dans l'eau des produits de construction pendant leur vie en oeuvre." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0076/these.pdf.
Full textThe various French and European regulatory or voluntary actions push more and more the construction products manufacturers to an environmental assessment policy. A « horizontal » approach (i. E. , applicable to one or several families of products used in a certain scenario) is considered the best route for the assessment. Moreover, it is required by the Mandate M/366 addressed to CEN. The aim of this research is to contribute to the development of this kind of approach, in order to assess the substances emission from construction products into water, during their service life. Three products were tested: concrete slabs, wood duckboards and zinc gutters. The experiments were carried out at two scales: laboratory scale (controlled conditions) and pilot scale (outdoor / not-controlled conditions, with meteorological monitoring). At pilot scale the products were exposed to meteoric water, during one year. A release model (chemical and transport modelling) was developed for the case of the concrete slabs. PHREEQC software was adapted and used. The main results show that in order to assess the substances emission from construction products into water, in a « horizontal » approach framework, the following steps are required and must take into account the product and the exposure conditions specificities: - physicochemical characterisation of the product, which could be more or less complex, depending on the product and on the knowledge already available ; - characterisation of leaching behaviour, under static (equilibrium) and dynamic conditions, which must take into account especially the use and the evolution of the product during its service life. The Continuous Monolithic Leaching Test (CMLT) seems more suitable for release dynamic assessment ; - modelling of the products behaviour in a specific exposure scenario. The laboratory data cannot be directly transferred to service conditions but they are essential for the modelling of environmental behaviour
Poyet, Stéphane. "Étude de la dégradation des ouvrages en béton atteints par la réaction alcali-silice : approche expérimentale et modélisation numérique multi-échelles des dégradations dans un environnement hydro-chemo-mécanique variable." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0193.
Full textSoualhi, Hamza. "Optimisation de la viscosité des bétons à faible impact environnemental." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0712.
Full textIt is possible to modify the composition of conventional concrete used in the building field in order to reduce the emission of CO2 associated with their manufacture, particularly in the production of their constituents. This is can be achieved by significantly reducing the amount of clinker and incorporating alternative materials (mineral and chemical additions), which are generally have a lower reactivity and require a low quantity of water, with an adequate level of mechanical performance and durability. This is the case of concrete with low environmental impact. The use superplasticizer in the production of concrete allows increasing their flowability, despite the using of low content of water, but their plastic viscosity remains high and may cause problems of implementation. Controlling the plastic viscosity of this type of concrete is crucial to ensure the development of these products.Within this objective, a rheometer for concrete was developed. The relevant test protocol used for this apparatus enables to characterize the rheological behavior not only for conventional concrete, but also for concrete with low environmental impact.The use of the developed rheometer within an experimental program permits then to highlight the effect of the parameters of concrete compositions, and in particular the used additions (type and rate of substitution) on their rheological behavior.The obtained results from this program propose and validate a mathematical model for assessing the plastic viscosity, which is applicable for ordinary concrete and concrete with low environmental impact. An optimization method for calculating the plastic viscosity of the concrete has been proposed using this model
Riley, Benjamin. "Concrete living walls." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2027.
Full textCities facing overpopulation amid shifting climates will require practicable solutions to meet the biophilic, health, and safety needs of city dwellers. The goal of this thesis is to determine the possibility of having a living wall system which is durable, environmentally sustainable, unlimited by location and building typology, and more affordable than currently available systems. The hypothesis of this thesis is that concrete,due to its durability, cost, and ubiquity, is capable of being used as a growing medium for plant life and is currently the most realistic material choice to significantly extend nature’s reach into the urban milieu. The thesis is multi-disciplinary and combines botany and material science, but architecture is the lens throughwhich the inter-disciplinary work is validated. This architectural lens will influence the trajectory of future system design, e.g., in determining if the system would have the potential of being structural and used for the interiors and exteriors of low, mid, and high-rise buildings. This doctoral thesis would determine the feasibility of concrete living wall systems and if validated provide the foundation for sustainable concrete living wall solutions
Elkhaldi, Imane. "Effets de la composition des liants bas carbone sur l'hydratation et la durabilité des bétons : vers un indicateur de performance en lien avec l'empreinte carbone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0007.
Full textThe use of low-carbon concrete has now become a necessity leading to changes inthe standards governing concrete (EN 206) and cement (EN 197). The use of so-called “lowcarbon” cements is therefore made possible(CEM II/C-M and CEM VI). The work presented focuses on the evolution of the microstructure,mechanical strength and durability of low-carboncement-based concretes, in particular clinkerslag-limestone ternary mixtures (K-S-LL). An indicator is proposed to characterize the carbon footprint of concrete and its durability with respect to corrosion induced by carbonation.The results of this work demonstrate the important role of the reactive additions inreducing the carbon cost of the binders while maintaining good mechanical properties. Amodel allowing the prediction of the service life of the coating as a function of the properties of the cement materials is adapted to our problem.Concretes based on ternary cements have advantageous CO2/ddv ratios associated with a high corrosion propagation time compared with concretes based on portland cement. However,consideration of the carbonation effect on electrical resistivity influences the observed trends
Bouchenafa, Othmane. "Mécanosynthèse et matériaux de construction : optimisation et application pour la clinkérisation et la géopolymérisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1003.
Full textConstruction materials are an essential need for humans. After Water, concrete is the most widely used material in the world and cement production is constantly increasing due to the increase in the world population. In 2010, the annual cement production reached 3.3 billion tonnes. An increase of +6.9% was recorded in 2015 for a production that reached 4.6 billion tonnesStudies conducted on the environmental impact of the clinker manufacturing process have revealed that for a production of one tonne of clinker, a quantity of 0.7 to 0.8 tonnes of CO2 is released into the atmosphere or an annual emission of 2.8 billion tonnes of CO2. These greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for 5% of global emissions. In order to reduce this impact, solutions already proposed such as the use of alternative fuels for clinker manufacture, the partial substitution of cement by industrial co-products or carbon capture and storage.This thesis is part of a desire to reduce the carbon impact in the manufacture of construction materials by introducing the mechanosynthesis process into the production process of clinker and cement as well as geopolymers.The thesis work has been divided into 3 main parts:The first part concerns the mechanosynthesis process optimization by adding process control agents (PCAs). The use of these agents for the grinding of fly ash and blast furnace slag has reduced the milling time to 15 minutes, whereas without PCA, 1 hour milling time is required, or even 3 hours for optimal milling. Cement pastes which we have substituted up to 50% clinker with industrial co-products activated by mechanosynthesis with PCAs (we have used alcohol and water) have shown higher mechanical performance than those prepared with 100% Portland cement.Cement pastes prepared with a substitution of 50% milled slag 15 min + 4% alcohol has shown an improvement in mechanical performance (compression) of + 10%, + 15% and + 40% compared to a reference cement paste for 7, 28 and 90 days respectively.The second part aims to propose a clinkerization process by indirect mechanosynthesis. We have used limestone and clay (traditional products for clinker manufacturing) to produce an equivalent clinker. To achieve our objective, we have used indirect mechanosynthesis, which consists of coupling a mechanical activation with short milling time and a heat treatment not exceeding 900°C. This technique has allowed us to produce the essential compounds of clinker, C3S alite (Ca3SiO5), β-C2S belite (Ca2SiO4) and C3A aluminates.The last part is focused on the direct mechanosynthesis process used for the production of a ready-to-use geopolymer powder only by adding water. This process consists of mixing aluminosilicates such as slag, fly ash or metakaolin with chemical activators by grinding to obtain a final geopolymer product.Geopolymer paste formulations have been made and encouraging results in terms of compressive strength have been obtained
Azrar, Hassane. "Contribution à la valorisation des sédiments de dragage portuaire : technique routière, béton et granulats artificiels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10171/document.
Full textIn front of problems of management of harbour dredging sediment, today, it appears necessary to find potential solutions of valosisation allowing to answer effectively these problems. the valorisation in civil engineering, of not immergeables sediments of ports of Dunkirk and Saint Louis, presents an alternative solution to the management of these materials. the works undertaken within the framework of this thesis are focused on the one hand, on the valorisation of Saint Louis sediment in road construction, and the other hand on the valorisation of Dunkirk sediment in concrete as well as artificials agregates. After physicochimical characterisation, mineralogical and mechanical, environmental impact of raw sediment of Saint Louis harbour and the potential use of these materials in road constuction are evaluated. the study of formulation of materials, for use in layer fondation, was based on an experimental method of determination of maximum compactness. The optimal granular mixtures fulfilling the terms of a use in a layer fondation are the evaluated through leaching tests. The concrete party concerns the formulation of the concretes containing Dunkerk sediment. After the characterisation of these materials, three concretes were the object of a durability study vis-a-vis the external sulphate attack associated with a not destructive characterisation in order to study the influence of incorporation of sediment on properties of concretes. The artificial aggregates party presents the feasibility study of aggregates with sediment, the granular plate and the big-bag technique are two making method used
Tlijani, Mohamed. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermophysique de matériaux bio-isolants : valorisation des déchets de bois de palmier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1157.
Full textThe growing interest in new concrete and their use in many fields of civil engineering was that we wanted to bring a new approach to the design of a new product consisting of a reinforced concrete with basel end frond palm fibers. This led us to conduct the experimental study of thermal properties of natural fibers of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The analysis of experimental results showed that the essential factors affecting the thermal conductivity are the variety of date palm and the fiber orientation and that the basel end of the frond palm is the most interesting part as thermal insulation. However, the main problem encountered when using plant fibers as reinforcement is cohesion, bonding with the matrix and dimensional instability so the composite loses its mechanical properties. In this context, an alkaline pretreatment of palm fibers was envisaged to clean and modify the fiber surface to address the problems of dimensional stability of the fibers and degradation before their use as reinforcement in the cement matrix. We also studied the influence of chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide on the mechanical properties of processed samples, they were subjected to the tensile test to estimate the fracture strength for each treatment concentration, the Young's modulus and elongation at break corresponding. Subsequently, we conducted experimental and theoretical research on the thermal conductivity of different formulations of basel end palm wood concrete composite. The study of the theoretical apparent thermal conductivity was based on an approach that relies on a process whereas the material consists of a solid matrix combined with a fluid phase (air). Finally, we performed a numerical simulation of heat transfer phenomena to assess the thermal conductivity of basel end frond palm concrete composite and validate subsequently the theoretical prediction model selected. The results showed that the numerical approach based on the isotropic orientation of the particles in the composite coincides and approaches the physical reality
Breilly, Damien. "Synthèse d'adjuvant pour l'industrie du béton via la fonctionnalisation de lignines industrielles et la conception de nouveaux polymères biosourcés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AGPT0010.
Full textThe concrete industry is one of the most important, but also the most polluting industries of the 21st century due to the cement manufacturing. Many solutions exist in order to reduce its environmental impact, unfortunately they result in a significant drop of the properties of concrete in terms of fluidity, workability during time and mechanical resistance. The use of organic adjuvants allows recovering these properties, but these are petro-sourced and their synthesis is not currently sustainable. Here in, we have proposed prospects for replacing the petrochemical superplasticizers by biosourced (macro)molecules.These (macro)molecules must, at the same time, adsorb themselves on the cement but also possess a repulsive effect leading to the lowering of the critical stresses of the cement paste for the same quantity of water. To reach these performances, we presented here two strategies: (1) the chemical and enzymatic modification of an industrial lignin (i.e., sodium lignosulfonate), as well as (2) chemo-enzymatic synthesis routes for new bio-sourced monomers from vanillin, as well as their polymerization by the ADMET route, making it possible to obtain post-functionalizable polymers.The macromolecules resulting from these two strategies were then tested on cement slurry to determine their adsorption property as well as their fluidizing power. Although a non-negligible effect of these molecules on the rheology has been demonstrated, the preliminary results have not revealed properties comparable to those of the currently used superplasticizers. Nevertheless, the great flexibility of the developed synthetic routes and the structural design of the monomers should allow to modulate the properties of these new macromolecules, thus opening the way to future developments of adjuvants
Moula, Soufien. "Comportement à court et long termes des bétons à ultra-hautes performances (BUHP) à base de laitiers des hauts fourneaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1019.
Full textUltra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a relatively new type of cement-based composite with exceptional mechanical and durability properties. This work explores the possibility of developing a more sustainable UHPC with a high level of cement replacement (up to 50%) by ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and low silica fume (SF) content. In this study, cement is replaced by slag at 30% and 50% by volume. Slags of two different finenesses are used, with Blaine finenesses of 420 m²/kg (SL1) and 700 m²/kg (SL2), respectively, at a constant water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.16 for all mixes. The effects of slag fineness and dosage on the early-age and long-term behaviour of UHPC are investigated.Experimental results show that it is indeed possible to produce SL2-based UHPCs with a behaviour similar to that of conventional silica fume-based materials. Partial replacement of cement with low slag content (30%) reduces the need for superplasticizer (SP), promotes the hydration process and accelerates setting. With high SL1 content (50%), the SP content increases, resulting in a delay in the hydration reaction and setting. However, the workability of the UHPC containing 50% of SL2 was significantly improved. An acceleration effect was therefore observed. The SL2-based mixes (at 30% replacement level) show the highest autogenous shrinkage. Compressive strength measurements indicate that a 30% SL1 content slightly improves the compressive strength of the concrete at 28 days. Due to its relatively high reactivity, SL2 increases the compressive strength at 3 days at a low level. The compressive strength of the mix containing 50% of SL2 was close to that of the reference concrete after 28 days of hydration. The results also show that all the UHPCs tested have a splitting tensile strength greater than 6 MPa at 28 days. The microstructure characterization showed that all the mixes analysed have an ultra-dense microstructure with reduced porosity. The effect of slag was more pronounced at 30% and 50% of SL2 replacement and with the presence of SF particles. In this case, the porosity of these concretes was extremely reduced and the overall pore network became finer, reducing their transfer properties. In the long term, all mixes show superior durability as their matrices are almost impermeable to carbon dioxide and chloride.From an environmental point of view, the partial replacement of cement with GGBS reduces the environmental impact of UHPC. For 1 m3 of UHPC, the incorporation of 50% of superfine slag (SL2) reduces CO2 emissions by about 41%, making SL2-50SF more sustainable than the SF-based reference concrete. However, this high SL2 content increases the production cost by 15%, compared to the reference mix
Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160/document.
Full textThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Achour, Raouf. "Valorisation et caractérisation de la durabilité d’un matériau routier et d’un béton à base de sédiments de dragage." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10115/document.
Full textThe valorization of non-submersible marine sediments of the GPMD as a new aggregate presents alternative solutions in the field of civil engineering for a better management. The work of this thesis focus on the valorization study of marine sediment in road engineering and the study of the durability of concrete blocks made with sediment. The first part of valorization non-submeresible sediments in road engineering is divided into three steps :The first step was devoted to the physical, mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of these materials, as well as their chemical composition and environmental effects. The second step presents an experimental methodology for the development of a road foundation. The last step describes the construction of an experimental road and analyses the mechanical properties of cores drilled from the road and the results of deflection tests. An environmental assessment, based on leaching tests, was also performed.The second part of the thesis focuses on a durability study of two concrete blocks with two different percentages of sediment. This part is divided into three steps:In the first step, mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics of two types of concrete containing12,5% and 20% of dredged marine sediments are presented and discussed. In the second step, we have examined the durability of these types of concrete with regards to alkali-aggregate reaction, sulphate attack and freezing and thawing cycles. The results of this study will serve in order to better understand the impact of the incorporation of sediments into the concrete and the effect on the mechanical resistance and the degradation mechanisms
Ghantous, Rita maria. "Identification des phases d'nitiation et de propagation de la corrosion des armatures enrobées dans un béton fissuré et carbonaté." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0031/document.
Full textThis thesis is performed in partnership with EDF in the framework of concrete ageing management of cooling towers of Electricity of France (EDF) nuclear power plants. Indeed some of them can be affected by cracks which may promote the carbonation of the concrete cover and accelerate the reinforcement corrosion initiation. The objective of this work is to characterize the impact of these cracks on the initiation and propagation of reinforcement corrosion. A dedicated experimental program is detailed. Firstly, a cracking protocol reproducing cracks found in the concrete of cooling towers is defined. Particular attention was paid to limit the damage along the steel/mortar interface. Cracked specimens are thereafter exposed to accelerated carbonation for the dual purpose of measuring the length of the damaged interface and accelerating the depassivation of the rebar deep in the crack in order to accelerate the corrosion initiation. The corrosion is controlled in the laboratory via raining/drying cycles and its state is characterized by several technics (desquamation, optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, monitoring of the free corrosion potential). Different configurations representative of the cooling towers are tested (three crack openings, 2 crack orientations, temperature, relative humidity, etc.). Obtained results show that after the corrosion initiation period, the corrosion kinetics decreases rapidly and the reinforcement tends to repassivation. This repassivation is related to the formation of oxide layer deep in the crack limiting therefore the access of water and oxygen to the rebar
Al-Mohamadawi, Ali Abdullah Hassan. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de l'environnement vis-à-vis d'éco-matériaux lignocellulosiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0040.
Full textDue to their low cost, lightness and thermal properties, lignocellulosic byproducts received a particular attention, in the recent years, for manufacturing lightweight concretes. However, these byproducts are not fully compatible with the cement matrix, leading to setting delay, significant dimensional variations, and low mechanical strengths of the composites elaborated. To avoid such drawbacks, a coating process of flax shives using different substances has been adopted in this study. It leads to a reduction in treated shive water absorption compared to raw shives. The composites obtained exhibit significant improvements in hydrous behavior and mechanical strengths with moderate increase in the apparent bulk density and thermal conductivity. The phenomena of moisture transfer in the produced composites can significantly influence the durability and performance of them. In fact most of the materials used in the building area are porous, containing water as vapor or liquid. Therefore the water vapour permeability, sorption isotherms and moisture buffering capacity have been determined. The results obtained show the good hygric performance of the eco-composites elaborated. Three leaching tests have been proposed in this study to identify the chemical speciation of the materials and to evaluate their releasing into the environment. The experimental conditions of the leaching tests have been chosen to simulate different states of our composites in external environments in service or end of life. The leaching behaviour of the cement-based products elaborated differs little according to flax shive treatment and the leaching of toxic substances has not been identified
Hammoud, Ola. "Caractérisation, prétraitement et valorisation dans un béton prêt à l'emploi de Mâchefers d'Incinération de Déchets Non Dangereux (MIDND)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI039.
Full textValorisation of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) in building materials in order to reduce their expansive storage in technical burying center and preserve the natural ressources constitutes a challenge. A hindrance of this valorisation is the pollutant potential of metals (especially mineral traces elements MTE) and anions likely to be released in use scenarios. This thesis evaluates the impact of incorporation of MSWI-BA into ready-mix concrete formulation. It helps to improve the understanding of MTE and anions behaviour in different leaching conditions and to find adequate solutions to limit their mobility. The first part presents the technical and environmental performances of ready-mix concrete formulated by partially replacing of the natural aggregates with different size fractions of BA incorporated at different substitution rates. The results demonstrate that the environmental performances of the scenario comply with the regulatory requirements of the Netherlands. On the other hand, the compressive strength is reduced by half compared to the standard formulation. Pretreatment of MSWI-BA could improve the mechanical performances. The second part describes the influence of thermal and chemical pretreatments on the mobility of MTE. The results show that the efficiency of the thermal treatment depends on the temperature and the target element. Optimised chemical treatment used in this study appears to be more effective. The third part, dedicated to the geochemical modeling of BA behaviour in leaching scenarios, allowed us to identify the mineralogical phases that control the mobility of MTE. It shows that the majority phases impose the parameters of the solution such as the pH and consequently, influences on the release of the MTE. This knowledge facilitates the definition of the possible pretreatments to be applied on the MSWI-BA before its valorisation
Poussardin, Victor. "Utilisation d'argiles et de marnes calcinées dans le développement de ciments composés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0040.
Full textThe use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) as a substitute for clinker is a well-known technology that can reduce the environmental cost of cement. Among the SCMs widely used today are fly ash, blast furnace slag and glass powder. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of calcined clays as SCMs, particularly due to their high reactivity and availability.This thesis project focuses on the use of calcined clays and marlstones as supplementary cementitious materials. The main aim is to identify new materials that could be of interest for use as SCMs. To this end, a multi-scale macro/micro approach is used to study the calcination, pozzolanic reactivity and performance in cementitious systems of these new materials. It was possible to demonstrate that marlstones (despite their complex mineralogical composition) have the potential to be used as supplementary cementitious materials after calcination, even with a low proportion of clays. Subsequently, it was shown that palygorskite is a high potential clay for use as a supplementary cementitious material after calcination, and can be considered as a viable alternative to metakaolin. The extensive study of the use of calcined palygorskites as SCMs has also provided new fundamental insights into the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the calcination of this type of material
Hoxha, Endrit. "Amélioration de la fiabilité des évaluations environnementales des bâtiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1054.
Full textThe work of this thesis focused on the improvement of the reliability of environmental assessments of buildings by a better control of the origin and amplitude of uncertainties. This thesis has permitted:-The development of a methodology for evaluating the uncertainties in the LCA of building;-The construction and enrichment of a database capitalizing uncertainties in material and product scale used in support of the assessment of building's uncertainties;-Development of a contribution and sensitivity analysis, which allowed the identification of key parameters influencing on the LCA results and in the robustness of study;-The development of a methodology for robust comparisons of projects based on contribution analysis and sensitivity analysis.-Identification of optimal environmental dimensions of reinforcing concrete structures. This study also identified the evolution of environmental impacts on function of building's dimensions. The methodologies used are suitable to developers of LCA software to enhance the functionality of using comparisons of projects (this work can be implemented in the ELODIE software).The results can be used by architects, civil engineers, thermal engineers, statisticians, environment and life cycle Engineers, enabling the identification of the most impacting contributors and those influencing most the outcome's uncertainties
Bach, Si Quoc. "Développement, caractérisation et modélisation de bétons de poudres réactives à impact environnemental réduit." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT2093.
Full textBouharoun, Samir. "Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage : influence de la formulation du béton." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0209/document.
Full textIn a context where sustainable development has become a major priority, the companies in the building field must face to new requirements in terms of respect of the environment. In particular, during the concrete pouring, a mineral release agent, poorly biodegradable is currently used as separating layer non-stick. The nature of this oil creates significant risks of environmental pollution. New formulations of release agent of vegetable origin were developed.The appearance of this new product range requires a sufficient knowledge of their behavior at the interface concrete/release agent/formwork. This report contributes to the study the effect of the concrete composition on the tribological behavior at the interface concrete/formwork with two release agents of different nature (vegetable release agent and mineral release agent). The zone of concrete near the formwork was studied without release agents. First, the evolution of the density of the concrete at the approach of a wall was evaluated as a function of the contact pressure and the past volume. Then, a comprehensive analysis of this fresh layer was carried out to estimate the W/B ratio and the amount of paste mobilized close to the formwork. A physicochemical study was performed by reconstituting the interstitial medium of the interface concrete/release agent/formwork containing a different dosage of oil and superplasticizer. Several adapted techniques to these complex medium were used to evaluate the formation of soaps and to determine the stability of the obtained emulsions. This thesis ends with a study of the friction of fresh concrete against the formwork with and without release agent using a plan/plan tribometer. Many formulations of concrete are studied. The results were allowed to understand the mechanism of action of the fines element and the dosage of superplasticizer at the interfaces concrete/formwork and concrete/release agent/formwork. In the case of vegetable release agent, the soap formed from the esters and fatty acids contributes to reduce the friction by stabilizing the emulsion and organizing the interface. However, the presence of the superplasticizer is necessary to obtain a high performance for the mineral release agent
Cardinaud, Guillemette. "Liants ternaires à base d'argile calcinée : Etude des mécanismes de structuration, optimisation mécanique et durabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0018.
Full textThe reduction of carbon dioxide emissions related to cement production is a key point for industry today. About 60% of these emissions are chemical and issued from a crucial step in cement production: clinkerization. One of the solutions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete is the substitution of clinker by other materials. Since some decades, scientific community is particularly interested to the use of calcined clays (and specifically metakaolin) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). The combination of such materials with limestone filler is very promising in terms of mechanical properties. This study aims at demonstrate that the results obtained with a clay composed of illite and kaolinite before calcination are equivalent to those observed with a clay containing only kaolinite. Through a multi-scale approach, this work shows that the use of a pure clay is not necessary. In the case of ternary binders, hydrate assemblage is similar with one or the other clay. Performance-based approach is adopted for the qualification of durability indicators for concrete containing such binders and carbonation of these concretes must be given attention. Results in this study are encouraging and promising for the industrial use of composite calcined clays in cements
Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431/document.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Deodonne, Kunwufine. "Etudes des caractéristiques physico-chimiques de bétons de granulats recyclés et de leur impact environnemental." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD013/document.
Full textPromoting the use of demolition waste as recycled aggregates presents a double objective: first to preserve natural resources and secondly to relieve storage site. In regards to natural aggregates, recycled aggregates contain mortar that influences theirs properties and those of concrete in which they are used. The objective of this thesis is to develop the use of 100 % recycled aggregates in concrete. This study was realised in patnership with the company CHYRSO. Properties of recycled concrete aggregates collected from several sources were studied to identify and analyse their specificities ; results were compared to natural ones. Normalised methods were modified in order to be applied on recycled aggregates and new methods were also proposed. Recycled aggregates present higher water absorption, lower mechanical strength, spreader granular distribution and a less circular shape compared to natural aggregates. The granulometry of recycled sand, fines content and the water absorption are properties that depend on the sampling and the robustness of protocols used. A reactivity of fines obtained from materials made at the laboratory have been established, meanwhile their influence on concrete properties is considered as minor. Finally, the absorption and morphology of recycled aggregate depend on the granular fraction. Correlation between morphological and mechanical properties with water absorption have been demonstrated. After analysing these properties, correction were proposed on mechanical performance forecasting models. It was also shown that the use of fines in recycled aggregate concretes provides better mechanical properties. For such materials, keeping aggregates less than 63μm is advisable because it provides correct granular skeletton. In order to balance the loss of workability and mechanical strength observed with the use of recycled aggregates, studies were carried with several superplasticisers. Polycarboxylates were identified as appropriate superplasticisers. Interpretations facilitate understanding of concrete formulation and concrete equivalent mortar formulation made with recycled aggregates. Thus, the complexity of absorption and desorption kinectics lead to a discusion around effective water definition. The difference between the morphology of recycled aggregates and natural ones involved a correction of the granular skeletton; finally, their weakness during mechanical test modifies the granular skeletton and need to be taken into consideration.Finally, studies on environmental impacts of recycled aggregates concrete were done and compared with those of natural aggregates concrete. This study starts interesting perspectives
Khelifa, Mohammed Rissel. "Formulation et caractérisation d'éco-bétons renforcés aux fibres d'alfa pour des bâtiments verts et durables." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0953/document.
Full textConcrete is the most used building material in the world. In order to reinforce struture concretes, different kinds of fibres are added among which metallic and synthetic (e.g. polypropylene) fibres.In our study, we have replaced polypropylene fibres by natural vegetal fibres of alfa, a grass commonly found aroud the Mediterranean.We have prepared 3 kinds of concrete : alfa-reinforced concrete (with various amounts of alfa fibres), polypropylene-reinforced concrete and ordinary concrete used as references.Characterization showed that the best amounts of alfa fibres are 1 and 1.5 %, that gave a mechanical behaviour close to that of ordinary and polypropylene-concrete.Durability tests (sulfatic attack and high temperature) showed that the concrete reinforced with 1% of alfa fibres gives the closest results compared to ordinary concrete. Concrete with 1% of alfa fibres is hence the best concrete.Environmental analyses showed that alfa fibres generate far less impacts than polypropylene fibres as regards fossil fuel depletion, climate change (linked with emissions of greenhouse gases among which CO2), atmospheric emission of particles, marine ecotoxicity and photochemical oxydation
Delsol, Céline. "Perspectives d'emploi en génie civil des cendres volantes de centrales thermiques équipées de systèmes de désulfuration primaire." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0024.
Full textBouchikhi, Aurélie. "Contribution à la formulation d’un béton végétal structurel à base cimentaire incorporant des co-produits / déchets de bois." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MTLD0009.
Full textThe construction industry produces a high amount of greenhouse gases. In order to reduce the impact of materials on the environment, a lot of researches are focused on the study of different alternatives to limit the exhaustion of resources, the energy consumption and the rejection of polluting compounds. In this context, bio-based concrete seem to be a serious alternative to traditional concrete, with a lower carbon footprint.The aim of this industrial thesis, supported by the company ALKERN, leader in France and in Belgium for precast concrete products, is to contribute to the formulation of structural green concrete incorporating co-products / wood waste with an environmental impact lower than the Naturbloc®, a block already available on the market. This last product is made of wood aggregates mineralized and then introduced in a cementitious matrix.This work is divided into three parts. Firstly, the control wood (untreated) and reference wood (mineralized) were characterized. Then, alternative treatments to replace cement coating of wood were tested and characterized, especially in terms of water uptake and ability to leach or hold the extractives present in vegetables back. Their compatibility with a cementitious matrix was also evaluated. The study highlights the fact that the nature of the substrate has an influence on the results and on the interaction between aggregates and cementitious paste.Finally, treated wood was introduced into a cementitious matrix and in an alternative matrix with a lower environmental impact. The latter was obtained either by change of the binder or by use of additives in bio-based concrete. All the results show the existence of a direct link between physico-chemical properties of aggregates and mechanical performances of concrete
Riley, Benjamin. "Concrete living walls." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2027/document.
Full textCities facing overpopulation amid shifting climates will require practicable solutions to meet the biophilic, health, and safety needs of city dwellers. The goal of this thesis is to determine the possibility of having a living wall system which is durable, environmentally sustainable, unlimited by location and building typology, and more affordable than currently available systems. The hypothesis of this thesis is that concrete,due to its durability, cost, and ubiquity, is capable of being used as a growing medium for plant life and is currently the most realistic material choice to significantly extend nature’s reach into the urban milieu. The thesis is multi-disciplinary and combines botany and material science, but architecture is the lens throughwhich the inter-disciplinary work is validated. This architectural lens will influence the trajectory of future system design, e.g., in determining if the system would have the potential of being structural and used for the interiors and exteriors of low, mid, and high-rise buildings. This doctoral thesis would determine the feasibility of concrete living wall systems and if validated provide the foundation for sustainable concrete living wall solutions
Benkhaled, Maroua. "Modélisation théorique et expérimentale du comportement énergétique et environnemental des matériaux de construction biosourcés." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC053.
Full textFacing the energy problems of the building and the environmental impact, hygroscopic envelopes constitute a very interesting alternative to improve the thermal comfort, the quality of the indoor air, the regulation of the indoor humidity and to reduce the energy consumption. This thesis work aims to study the coupled heat and mass transfers within porous materials such as hemp concrete. The aim is to predict the hygrothermal behaviour of these materials, through a macroscopic model, based on transfer motors; temperature for heat transfer, water vapour pressure for moisture transfer and pressure for air transfer. The difficulty of using this model lies in the identification of the numerous parameters characterizing the hygrothermal properties of the materials. Part of the work has been devoted to the evaluation of the main intrinsic properties of the materials through the elaboration of different experimental prototypes in the laboratory within the framework of an investigation recommended by the RILEM TC-275 HDB committee. Moreover, the variability of the parameters resulting from this last campaign as well as the lack of knowledge of the remaining parameters lead us to a sensitivity analysis of the parameters. This study allowed to identify the most influential parameters on the hygrothermal response of a hemp concrete wall. On this basis, a scale model was deduced according to these last parameters (thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, vapour permeability and storage capacity). This work was implemented using discretization by the finite element method implemented in a Matlab code. Subsequently, an adimensional study was undertaken, which identified the most important parameters in the prediction of the hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete wall. The parameters remaining from this sensitivity study are a determining factor in the distinction between materials that are both thermal insulators and water vapour permeable (water regulators). Finally, a comparison of the results of the reduced model with those of the literature is presented. This comparison highlighted the influence of the sorption isotherm on the hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete wall
Al-Mohamadawi, Ali Abdullah Hassan. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de l'environnement vis-à-vis d'éco-matériaux lignocellulosiques." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0040/document.
Full textDue to their low cost, lightness and thermal properties, lignocellulosic byproducts received a particular attention, in the recent years, for manufacturing lightweight concretes. However, these byproducts are not fully compatible with the cement matrix, leading to setting delay, significant dimensional variations, and low mechanical strengths of the composites elaborated. To avoid such drawbacks, a coating process of flax shives using different substances has been adopted in this study. It leads to a reduction in treated shive water absorption compared to raw shives. The composites obtained exhibit significant improvements in hydrous behavior and mechanical strengths with moderate increase in the apparent bulk density and thermal conductivity. The phenomena of moisture transfer in the produced composites can significantly influence the durability and performance of them. In fact most of the materials used in the building area are porous, containing water as vapor or liquid. Therefore the water vapour permeability, sorption isotherms and moisture buffering capacity have been determined. The results obtained show the good hygric performance of the eco-composites elaborated. Three leaching tests have been proposed in this study to identify the chemical speciation of the materials and to evaluate their releasing into the environment. The experimental conditions of the leaching tests have been chosen to simulate different states of our composites in external environments in service or end of life. The leaching behaviour of the cement-based products elaborated differs little according to flax shive treatment and the leaching of toxic substances has not been identified
Perlot, Céline. "Influence de la décalcification de matériaux cimentaires sur les propriétés de transfert : application au stockage profond de déchets radioactifs." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30211.
Full textCementitious materials have been selected to compose engineering barrier system (EBS) of the french radioactive waste deep repository, because of concrete physico-chemical properties: the hydrates of the cementitious matrix and the pH of the pore solution contribute to radionuclides retention; furthermore the compactness of these materials limits elements transport. The confinement capacity of the system has to be assessed while a period at least equivalent to waste activity (up to 100. 000 years). His durability was sustained by the evolution of transfer properties in accordance with cementitious materials decalcification, alteration that expresses structure long-term behavior. Then, two degradation modes were carried out, taking into account the different physical and chemical interactions imposed by the host formation. The first mode, a static one, was an accelerated decalcification using nitrate ammonium solution. It replicates EBS alteration dues to underground water. Degradation kinetic was estimated by the amount of calcium leached and the measurement of the calcium hydroxide dissolution front. To evaluate the decalcification impact, samples were characterized before and after degradation in term of microstructure (porosity, pores size distribution) and of transfer properties (diffusivity, gas and water permeability). The influence of cement nature (ordinary Portland cement, blended cement) and aggregates type (lime or siliceous) was observed: experiments were repeated on different mortars mixes. On this occasion, an essential reflection on this test metrology was led. The second mode, a dynamical degradation, was performed with an environmental permeameter. It recreates the EBS solicitations ensured during the resaturation period, distinguished by the hydraulic pressure imposed by the geologic layer and the waste exothermicity. This apparatus, based on triaxial cell functioning, allows to applied on samples pressure drop between 2 and 10 MPa and temperature from 20 to 80°C. Water permeability evolution relating to experimental parameters, uncoupled or coupled, was relied to mortars microstructural modifications
Tlijani, Mohamed. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermophysique de matériaux bio-isolants : valorisation des déchets de bois de palmier." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1157/document.
Full textThe growing interest in new concrete and their use in many fields of civil engineering was that we wanted to bring a new approach to the design of a new product consisting of a reinforced concrete with basel end frond palm fibers. This led us to conduct the experimental study of thermal properties of natural fibers of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The analysis of experimental results showed that the essential factors affecting the thermal conductivity are the variety of date palm and the fiber orientation and that the basel end of the frond palm is the most interesting part as thermal insulation. However, the main problem encountered when using plant fibers as reinforcement is cohesion, bonding with the matrix and dimensional instability so the composite loses its mechanical properties. In this context, an alkaline pretreatment of palm fibers was envisaged to clean and modify the fiber surface to address the problems of dimensional stability of the fibers and degradation before their use as reinforcement in the cement matrix. We also studied the influence of chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide on the mechanical properties of processed samples, they were subjected to the tensile test to estimate the fracture strength for each treatment concentration, the Young's modulus and elongation at break corresponding. Subsequently, we conducted experimental and theoretical research on the thermal conductivity of different formulations of basel end palm wood concrete composite. The study of the theoretical apparent thermal conductivity was based on an approach that relies on a process whereas the material consists of a solid matrix combined with a fluid phase (air). Finally, we performed a numerical simulation of heat transfer phenomena to assess the thermal conductivity of basel end frond palm concrete composite and validate subsequently the theoretical prediction model selected. The results showed that the numerical approach based on the isotropic orientation of the particles in the composite coincides and approaches the physical reality
Hoxha, Endrit. "Amélioration de la fiabilité des évaluations environnementales des bâtiments." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1054/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis focused on the improvement of the reliability of environmental assessments of buildings by a better control of the origin and amplitude of uncertainties. This thesis has permitted:-The development of a methodology for evaluating the uncertainties in the LCA of building;-The construction and enrichment of a database capitalizing uncertainties in material and product scale used in support of the assessment of building's uncertainties;-Development of a contribution and sensitivity analysis, which allowed the identification of key parameters influencing on the LCA results and in the robustness of study;-The development of a methodology for robust comparisons of projects based on contribution analysis and sensitivity analysis.-Identification of optimal environmental dimensions of reinforcing concrete structures. This study also identified the evolution of environmental impacts on function of building's dimensions. The methodologies used are suitable to developers of LCA software to enhance the functionality of using comparisons of projects (this work can be implemented in the ELODIE software).The results can be used by architects, civil engineers, thermal engineers, statisticians, environment and life cycle Engineers, enabling the identification of the most impacting contributors and those influencing most the outcome's uncertainties