Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Béton d'argile – Propriétés thermomécaniques'
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Kohandelnia, Mojtaba. "Development of self-consolidating earth concrete (SCEC) with improved multifunctional performan ce for green construction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS011.
Full textThe earth construction is identified as a green construction by using locally available materials with low environmental impacts and superior thermal performance. Besides all the advantages of this construction material, the casting process can be very time and energy consuming due to the nature of dynamic compaction. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of achieving self-consolidating earth concrete (SCEC) with introduction of its potential challenges and investigating its rheo-thermomechanical performance. As the first challenge, the presence of fine particles in earth, especially clay, can hinder the flowability of SCEC. Promoting the setting time is the second challenge due to the low cement content. The last challenge comes from the diversity of earth with different behaviors which makes it difficult to propose a comprehensive guideline to design SCEC.Potential solutions were introduced to achieve SCEC and address the inefficiency of earth materials. The main objective was to understand the efficiency of different chemical admixtures in presence of various ternary powder systems (i.e., clay, silt, and cement). A new concrete-equivalent mortar (CEM) approach was introduced in the Phase 3. Accordingly, the CEM and concrete mixtures were investigated to verify the feasibility of SCEC. The hygrothermal and microstructural characteristics of the selected SCEC mixtures were investigated. This novel material offers a new microstructural system, hence leading to a different hygrothermal performance compared to conventional earthen materials
Lemaistre, Hugues. "Etude des propriétés thermomécaniques de divers réfractaires." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0080.
Full textAdvanced power plants like Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) present the twofold advantages of allowing the combustion of low grade materials and the adhesion to recent environmental regulation for dust and gas emission. The refractories of such combustion chamber are submitted to erosion and thermal stresses. The purpose of the present work was to analyze the mechanical behavior of different refractories for these applications. Materials were tested in four point bending and in compression up to 900°C. A general behavior was observed for the different materials studied. An elastic part followed by a linear behavior with increasing damage and hysteresis. Various extents of the respective parts were however observed for the different materials. Also different evolutions with temperature were noticed. The crack propagation was also investigated at room and high temperatures by the SENB method and rising resistance with crack length were observed. As thermal shock is the main cause of refracatories degradation in PFBC, thermal shock tries and modelisation has also been made to compare the different refractories' resistance
Touchaleaume, François. "Elaboration de nanocomposites à matrice polypropylène chargée d'argile native." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10177.
Full textThis work focuses on polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites based on pristine montmorillonite (NaMMT). The elaboration strategy involves the use of a polar polymer based masterbatch to disperse NaMMT in the PP matrix. Water assisted extrusion is used to finely disperse the native montmorillonite in the polar host polymer.In the first part, the dispersion of modified and pristine montmorillonite in polyamide 6 (PA6) using water assisted extrusion is presented. The morphological analysis of the PA6 nanocomposites and its outcome on the thermomechanical properties were studied. PA6 masterbatches were then elaborated using water assisted extrusion and dispersed in PP to obtain nanocomposites blends. Their morphologies are detailed, in relation with the processing conditions, and the related mechanical properties.In the second part, polyether-block-amide (PEBA) was used as host polymer to disperse modified and native montmorillonite. Their dispersion is obtained thanks to the water assisted extrusion process. The morphological analysis and its influence onto the thermomechanical properties and on the deformation mechanisms were studied. PEBA masterbatch were then prepared using water assisted extrusion and dispersed into PP to obtain nanocomposites blends. The study of their morphologies is presented, related to the extrusion conditions, and the corresponding macroscopic performances.Finally, the comparison of the results obtained in the case of PA6 and PEBA nanocomposites blends is discussed to evidence the influence of components rheology and polarity as well as the processing conditions onto the macroscopic behaviors of the materials
Boussa, Hocine. "Structures en béton soumises à des sollicitations thermomécaniques sévères : évolution des dommages et des perméabilités." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DENS0004.
Full textCailleux, Emmanuel. "Microstructure et comportement thermomécanique d'un béton réfractaire renforcé par des fibres métalliques." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1039.
Full textZambon, Agnès. "Formulation et caractérisation physique d'un béton léger de mousse et à base d'argile : valorisation des sédiments fins de dragage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0295/document.
Full textA re-use of dredged sediments as raw material in the process of making of concrete directly onthe site of the dredging is an interesting valorization as regards economy and environment.The present study aims at valuing the thin particles of sediments because they create aproblem in the valorization of dredged sediments. Indeed, the layer structure of the claymakes it prone to react to humidity conditions and confers it an important capacity to retainpolluting agents. To optimize the valued volumes, a total substitution of aggregates in theconcrete by the thin particles of sediments is envisaged. The results from the literature tend tofavor an application in embankment such as the filling between two sheet pile walls, a geotechnical embankment, a quarry embankment. An incorporation of an air-foam made ofanimal protein during the making of the concrete is used to reduce the density of the material(density between 1.1 and 1.3). This material is classified in the category of lightweight foam concrete called by the English abbreviation LWFC (LightWeight Foamed Concrete). In thisstudy the material is named BAMS acronym for “Béton Allégé par l’incorporation d’uneMousse et à base de Sédiments”. The study was realized with a model soil composed of 80%of bentonite clay and 20% of calibrated sand (diameter 0.125mm). The mix design method isbased on the liquidity limit of the soil considering its swelling. The characterization of theBAMS is split into three parts. The first part corresponds to the characterization of the freshstate of the BAMS. It highlights the optimization of the reduction of the density from aquantity of added water with regard to the liquidity limit of the soil. The incorporation of airfoam modifies the characteristics of the fresh state of the material. It improves the workability and delays the setting of cement. The second part corresponds to the mechanical characterization of the BAMS. The added water which optimizes the reduction of the density impacts the mechanical resistance which has to be over 0.5MPa. There is thus an inevitablecompromise between mechanical resistance and density. The possible combinations and themix design to get them have been studied. Non-destructive tests are done to simply check the mechanical performances on construction site. The study of the linear shrinkage highlights an important variation of the dimension of the BAMS. This can be limited by a wet cure. The third part corresponds to the durability by the study of the transfer properties of the BAMS.The results highlight a limited accessibility of the porous network. The release of polluting agents in sediments is estimated by a lixiviation test realized on BAMS made with a model soilartificially polluted (non immersible case). From the results we can conclude on the efficiency of the inerting of polluting agents by the cement treatment and therefore the use of the material is allowed without having an impact on environment (PH14)
Marzagui, Hicham. "Étude de deux bétons réfractaires silico-alumineux : microstructure et comportement thermomécaniques en traction et en flexion." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30016.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the behaviour of two high alumina refractory castables: a bauxite-based ultra low and an andalousite-based low cement content. The microstructure evolutions during the first heating were studied by dilatometry, X ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscopy at high temperature. A particular interest was carried to the roles of aggregates in the damage mechanisms generated by the first thermal cycle. The study of the mechanical behaviour was carried out by uniaxial tensile and four points bending tests. The two materials have shown different evolutions of their mechanical properties. The establishment of relationships between microstructures and mechanical behaviours allows to obtain a better understanding of the specificities of these materials and of their behaviour evolutions
Mazzoni, Aurélien. "Comportement thermomécanique d'un béton réfractaire : effets du renforcement par des fibres minérales." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/828/.
Full textAdding fibres in concretes can modify their mechanical behaviour. Changes essentially depend on the geometry and on the composition of introduced fibres (metal, glasses, ceramics. . . ), on their volume fraction, on the requested temperature and on the thermomechanical behaviour of the reinforced material. The concrete is a damageable material with a brittle or quasi-brittle behaviour whose properties in direct tension are the weakest. Main objective of the fibre reinforcement is to improve the tension behaviour. Fibres can delay the damage localization phenomenon, can increase the material deformation capacity, can allow a resumption of load after cracking and can increase the peak stress level. These characteristics are also representative of the case of refractory concretes. However, the temperature plays a major role on their mechanical behaviour and microstructural evolutions. The aim of this study is to obtain a better understanding of the thermomechanical behaviour and of the microstructural evolutions of refractory concretes reinforced with mineral fibres. Thus mechanical tests and microstructure observations have been performed in a wide temperature range. Mechanical tests deal with tension tests and four point bending tests. Main microstructure observations have been done by scanning electron microscopy. Complementary results of mechanical tests and microstructural observations have made possible to interpret the behaviour of the reinforced refractory concretes, particularly in terms of reinforcement mechanisms up to 1200°C
Bahloul, Ouziyine. "Evolutions en fonction de la température de propriétés élastiques de bétons réfractaires à base de carbure de silicium." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/cb05da59-6efa-42c4-8dbf-ceda841d169d/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4025.pdf.
Full textThe thesis work was part of the framework of the National Research Program (DRuIDe), and was carried out on two types of silicon carbide refractory castable containing SiC (B-SF60, B-CV85) with a low content of cement. Detailed studies of the evolution of the thermomechanical properties in oxidizing and neutral atmospheres on these refractories and their associated matrices have been carried out in order to identify the microstructural transformations. At room temperature after preliminary treatments at 110, 600, 800, 1000, 1200°C the refractories present a brittle linear elastic behaviour when subjected to uniaxial load with a higher value of Young’s modulus for B-CV85 in relationship with the content of SiC. The stress-strain behaviour laws at high temperature (800°C-1200°C) become elasto-visco-plastic in close relations to the viscosity of a vitreous phase witch is formed. A detailed study of the behaviour with oxidation of these aggregates (SIC) has established correlations between the advance of oxidation and the volume expansions observed in these concretes
Kodjo, Jérôme. "Modélisation multi échelle du comportement thermomécanique des bétons incluant des matériaux à changement de phase micro encapsulés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2010/document.
Full textA promising way to enhance thermal inertia of buildings is the use of phase change materials (PCMs). Thanks to their high latent heat, PCMs can be used to store a significant amount of thermal energy in order to reduce energy consumption related to air conditioning. However, their use leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the obtained composites. During the last decades, the incorporation of PCMs in concrete has been of great interest leading to many experimental works. However, theoretical and numerical models to predict the behavior of such complex materials are not developed so far, due to the complexity of the phase change behavior, the scale separation and issues associated to the damage which is mainly induced by microcracking at the scale of microstructural heterogeneities. The objective of this thesis is precisely to develop numerical modeling tools to predict the effective thermomechanical behavior of the material with aim of structural calculations. For this purpose, numerical tools based on microstructures at the scale of microencapsulated PCM are developed to simulate heat transfer, mechanical response, cracks propagation as well as leakage of liquid PCM through cracks. After studying the effects of phase changes in the PCM on the effective mechanical response of the composites, a multi-scale approach (FE² method) is proposed to carry out structural calculations taking into account phenomena at micro scale. Thermo-physical experimental characterizations are carried out to show the usefulness of PCMs in building materials and to make comparisons with the developed homogenization tools. Finally, we propose a study to understand and evaluate the effects of PCMs in the degradation of the mechanical properties of these new materials
Rumeau, Axel. "Modélisation comportementale en génie électrique sous représentation diffusive : méthodes et applications." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/895/.
Full textIntegration technologies in power electronics and energy conversion systems is one of the major trends nowadays, as proven by their rapid growth in the field of energy production, dispatching and management. Part of the research conducted at the Laplace Laboratory focuses on the study of integrated converters (via the National Research Foundation Program 3DPHI), while trying to combine dielectric and magnetic materials properties with integration techniques in order to achieve compact functional blocks. The design and study of complex systems using such new devices dedicated to energy storage and filtering often imply the development of accurate models. Behavioural modelling can be a very effective alternative to finite elements models, which are much more time and memory consuming. The introduction of spatially distributed effects leads to models involving non-standard operators (in particular non-rational ones), which are difficult to simulate in the time domain. Diffusive representation has been used to model and identify the parameters of these operators, as illustrated in this manuscript by some examples of devices encountered in electrical engineering. Simulation results are compared to actual measurements, both in the time domain and the frequency domain, and applied to the study of linear and non-linear systems
D'Elia, Raffaele. "Comportement thermomécanique et en ablation d'un béton réfractaire à base de SiC pour applications en propulsion hybride." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0011/document.
Full textThis research is part of the PERSEUS project, a space program concerning hybrid propulsion and supported by CNES. The main goal of this study is to characterize a silicon carbide based micro-concrete with a maximum aggregates size of 800 microns, in a hybrid propulsion environment. The nozzle throat has to resist to a highly oxidizing polyethylene/N2O hybrid environment, under temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 2800K. The study is divided in three main parts: the first one deals with the thermo-mechanical characterization of the materials up to 1500K, the second one with an investigation on the oxidation behaviour in a standard atmosphere, under a solar flux up to 15 MW/m2, the last part deals with the conception, the realization and the test of three nozzles in a hybrid rocket motor at ONERA. Elastic modulus was determined by resonant frequency method: results show an increase with the stabilisation temperature. Four points bending tests have shown a rupture tensile strength increasing with stabilization temperature, up to 1500 K. Sintering and ceramization process are primary causes of this phenomenon. Visco-plastic behaviour appears at 1400 K on a material staiblized at the same temperature, due to the formation of liquid phases in cement ternary system. High-temperature oxidation in air was carried out at PROMES-CNRS laboratory, on a 2 kW solar furnace, with a maximum solar flux of 15 MW/m2. Optical microscopy, SEM, EDS analyses were used to study the microstructure evolution and the mass loss kinetics, with a maximal erosion speed of 5 microns second. During theses tests, silicon carbide undergoes active oxidation at 2100 K, with production of SiO and CO smokes and ablation. SiC sublimation is observed since 2600-2700 K, with Si, Si2C and SiC2 vapour generation. Test performed on nozzle in hybrid rocket motors at ONERA, showed an average ablation speed at nozzle throat of 60 microns second, after 20 seconds of test. Thermo-elastic-ablative behaviour has been modelled using first composite cylinder geometry, and then it has been extended to the experimental nozzle geometry, tested on the test bench
Alvarado, patino Nelson Andrey. "Évaluation des performances thermomécaniques des enrobés bitumineux à fort taux de recyclage : Apport du procédé de régénération Fenixfalt." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0021/document.
Full textAn experimental programme has been performed on three types of bituminous mixes with variable recycling rates and the possible addition of rejuvenator. The mix composition and the production process have been defined in order to perform a comparative analysis. The coating process modifies the physico-chemical parameters of the binders, like consistency, glassy transition temperature, cristallizable moiety, aromatics and asphaltenes rates; the above variations are limited by using the rejuvenator. As the RAP content increases, the compactibility and the rutting of the mixes decrease and the viscoelastic stiffness increases, but the rejuvenation reduces these variations. Globally, RAP increases the fatigue resistance of the mixes and flattens the Wöhler curve. Rejuvenation enhances ɛ6 fatigue parameter; fatigue performances increase with R&B temperature and colloidal index of the binder and as the viscous component of the mixes decreases. The positive impact of a high rate of RAP and of the rejuvenation on the allowable traffic has been evaluated from the structural design of a threelayered pavement. At low temperature, the deterioration of the tension ductility and of the stress restrained failure temperature produced by the RAP, is limited by the rejuvenation; a compromise with the fatigue resistance has to be found. The rejuvenated mixes laid as surface layers on a provincial road have experienced a smaller evolution that non rejuvenated mixes
Abakar, Ali. "Caractéristiques mécaniques et thermiques de l’argile stabilisée par la gomme arabique et renforcée par la paille de riz." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0066.
Full textGlobal warming and the high cost of conventional building materials (cement, lime, steel) force us to use local, available materials with no negative effect on the atmosphere. These are compressed earth blocks (BTC) stabilized with arabic gum and reinforced with rice straw. The main objective of this work is the valorization of local and ecological materials for the construction of sustainable homes. The study concerns the mechanical, thermal and durability characterization of specimens made of clay, sand, arabic gum, rice straw and water in different proportions. For this purpose, the percentages of gum Arabic are 5%, 10% and 15%. Those of rice straw are 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 30% of sand are retained for this research work. BTC bricks measuring 30 x 15 x 8 cm and specimens measuring 4 x 4 x 16 cm are manufactured to perform the mechanical tests. A "hot wire" method adapted to cylindrical specimens 16 cm in diameter and 32 cm in height is used for the determination of thermal conductivities. The use of arabic gum as a binder in the construction has given satisfactory results. At a rate of 15% gum Arabic associated with a much higher compressive stress, allow us to obtain BTCs having an acceptable mechanical strength as well as a better resistance to rainwater. Mechanical results show that gum Arabic improves mechanical strength. As is the compaction constraint. By cons the use of rice straw in the mixture reduces its mechanical strength and lightens the material. The measured thermal conductivity values show that the different formulations cannot be considered as insulating materials. The specimens exposed to the climatic hazards (rain and moisture) for a month show that the unstabilized earth blocks have deteriorated in the rain. On the other hand, samples stabilized by gum Arabic have retained their good habits. Similarly, stabilized and unstabilized specimens are immersed in water. From 15 min, all test pieces are deteriorated. The clay materials stabilized by gum Arabic can not be used as a foundation in construction. This research work will be completed by aging tests on the various formulations for validation as a new sustainable building material
Li, Mengya. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation du panneau composite bois-ciment." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0302/document.
Full textLightweight concretes made from wood fibres and Portland cement paste are a new alternative for the reduction of the environmental impact of buildings. They are used in sustainable constructions as secondary elements for their thermal, hydric and mechanical performance. However, the generalisation of their use is not possible without resolving certain scientific obstacles related to their characterisation. Hence the aim of the present work, which is to contribute towards their characterisation through experimentation and numerical simulation. The Young's modulus and tensile strength were measured through flexural and compression tests. A numerical model has also been developed to predict the behaviour of specimens under bending test as well as their structural response when used as permanent formwork. In particular, the model helps to choose the optimum parameters for a better design of the formwork system. The study of the hygrothermal behaviour of the wood-cement material was carried out using both experimental work and simulation. The equations of coupled heat and moisture transfers for a porous medium have been implemented in the Comsol Multiphysics® software. The developed model has been applied and validated on several dynamic responses resulting from hygro-thermal tests carried out in the laboratory. The obtained physico-thermal properties of the wood-cement composite material were then incorporated into the Abaqus code via a Umatht user subroutine to simulate its high temperature behavior. The temperature profiles are evaluated and compared with the charring tests performed using a radiant panel on samples exposed to a uniform heat flux of 6kW/m². The simulations show that the developed model is able to predict the temperature profiles, the area and the depth of the charred layer during fire exposure