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1
Nordholt, Svenja. "Bethany Sollereder and Alister McGrath, eds. Emerging Voices in Science and Theology: Contributions by Young Women." Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences 10, no. 2 (2023): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/ptsc-2023-0026.
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Vaninadha Rao, K., and Komanduri S. Murty. "Covariates of age at first birth in Guyana: a hazards model analysis." Journal of Biosocial Science 19, no. 4 (October 1987): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017077.
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SummaryAnalysis of data from the Guyana Fertility Survey on the trends and covariates of age at first birth among various birth cohorts of women ever in union indicates that an early entry into union is associated with young age at first birth and higher number of children born. Multivariate analysis showed that women with highér education, urban residence, and entry into union at age 20 or older among younger cohorts experienced lower risks for first birth compared to others, and that young women are delaying their first birth for longer durations than older women. Work status of women before first birth and the starting age of union seem to be the two major contributory factors for age at first birth. Noticeably, the role of education has changed and is now more significant among younger cohorts than among older ones for first birth timing.
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Sarıipek, Doğa Başar, Meryem Aybas, and Brigita Stanikūnienė. "Precarious Job and Union Tendencies among Women and Young Employees: The Relationships between Economic Constraints, Job Security and Trust in Employers." Engineering Economics 34, no. 3 (June 23, 2023): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.34.3.32994.
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The aim of this study is to examine whether having a precarious job (low job security) increases union tendencies among female workers and young workers. The study examines the relationship between economic constraints, trust in employers and union attitudes in terms of gender and age in the context of the antecedents and consequences of job security. Data were collected using a survey conducted among 804 Turkish employees working in various sectors and analysed through multi-group path models, t-tests and ANOVA to measure job security objectively and subjectively. Economic constraints increase the acceptance of low job security and decrease trust towards employers. The research also indicates that poorer job security does not affect collective and union tendencies. While precarious jobs are more intense among young and women employees, there is no difference in their union tendencies. This article used the decent work perspective to explore the consequences of having a precarious job among women and young workers in Turkey. We assumed that the perception of precariousness reduces trust towards employers and strengthens collective and union tendencies. We also argue that economic constraints play an important role in choosing precarious jobs. We also test whether women and young employees, as two prominent disadvantaged groups, have collective efficacy and union efficacy in precarious job conditions.
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Addo, Fenaba R. "Ethnoracial Differences in Early Union Experiences among Young Adult Women." Review of Black Political Economy 39, no. 4 (January 2012): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12114-012-9138-2.
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Brooks, Rachel. "Young People and Political Participation: An Analysis of European Union Policies." Sociological Research Online 14, no. 1 (January 2009): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1862.
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There is now widespread recognition that, far from being politically apathetic, young people across Europe are engaged in a wide range of ‘political’ activities. While turnout at national and European elections among the 18-25 age group may be low, researchers have highlighted diverse and creative new forms of political participation. In relation to young women, in particular, Harris (2005) has presented a compelling analysis of the new ‘borderspaces’ opened up between public and private domains by young women through the use of new technologies. She contends that in the face of greater surveillance and regulation brought about by the shift to neo-liberal forms of governmentality, carving out a protected space for oneself is a political act, in itself. Moreover, the creative ways in which young women across the world use such spaces – to question dominant narratives about the nature of contemporary girlhood, to resist discourses which construct young women as merely passive consumers, and to trouble conventional notions of ‘youth participation’ – are highly political. Some EU representatives have indicated an awareness of these new forms of engagement and professed a desire to develop links between them and more traditional forms of party politics and policy making (Hoskins, 2005). Nevertheless, the degree to which these sentiments have been translated into policy remains unclear. This article draws on recent documents on young people, citizenship and political participation to assess the extent to which these new spaces of young women's politics are, firstly, recognised and, secondly, valued within EU policy.
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Cavanagh, S. E. "Early Pubertal Timing and the Union Formation Behaviors of Young Women." Social Forces 89, no. 4 (June 1, 2011): 1217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/89.4.1217.
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Yildirim, Assoc Prof Filiz, and Lecturer Bilge Abukan. "Early Marriages as a Form of Gender-Based Violence." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p475-475.
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Early marriage, defined as formal marriage or informal union before 18, has been normalized depending the expectations on gender roles. Especially in patriarchal societies, girls and young women who are married without their consents unwillingly accept the situation without having anything to say. Some young women, married early, on the other hand, become a “role model” to help the continuation of the system. Cultural implications that emphasize unequal gender roles, dominant male authority, and leaving females without power and autonomy in the society females depending on the patriarchy and its reflections are effective on the continuation of the early marriages and the occurrence of gender-based violence against young women. Girls growing up and getting married early in such a society are being exposed to different forms of physical, psychological, sexual, social and financial violence especially through the marriage starting from the marriage decisions made on behalf of them. The purpose of this study is to discuss how gender-based violence against young women and girls caused by early marriages occurs. In other words, gender-based violence before the marriage/union, considering especially the marriage decisions, and through the marriages is analyzed. Finally, suggestions aiming to prevent early marriages of girls and young women, and by extension, to deter gender-based violence are offered in this study.
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Okedare, Omowumi O., and Olufunmilayo I. Fawole. "Perceived social support and the experience of intimate partner violence among married and cohabiting young women in urban slums, Ibadan, Nigeria: a descriptive study." BMJ Public Health 2, no. 1 (January 2024): e000425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-000425.
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BackgroundSocial support is an important factor for improving the outcome of intimate partner violence (IPV) among abused women. Gaps exist on the role of social support among young women who have experienced IPV in Nigeria. Therefore, this study examined the influence of social support on the experience of IPV married and cohabiting young women in urban slums of Ibadan, Nigeria.MethodsThis study was a community-based household survey conducted in ten slum communities in the five local government areas of Ibadan municipality among 314 young women. Outcome variable was the experience of physical, psychological and any IPV. Socio-demographic characteristics were summarised using frequency and percentage. Level of statistical significance was set at α0.05.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 22.25±1.75 years and the mean spousal age difference was 7.15±3.87 years. Majority of the respondents were married (62.1%), and have been in a union for 0–4 years (68.8%). More than half (56.4%) justified IPV perpetration. Majority of the respondents reported having experienced psychological IPV (66.6%) and at least one form of IPV (86.3%) but have never told anyone about their IPV experience (58.1%). Social support was a predictor of psychological and any IPV, but not physical IPV. Type of union and duration of union significantly predicted all forms of IPV.ConclusionPrevalence of IPV is higher among women in cohabiting relationships. Social support from family and friends helps abused women cope with the experience of IPV. Thus, IPV prevention should target the social support system available to abused women.
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Massie, Alicia, and Yi Chien Jade Ho. "“Working Women Unite”: Exploring a Socialist Feminist, Nonhierarchical Teachers Union." Labor Studies Journal 45, no. 1 (March 2020): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x20909935.
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In this paper, we present and explore the case of the Teaching Support Staff Union (TSSU), an independent, directly democratic, and feminist labor union at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada. Operating continuously since the 1970s, we argue that TSSU is an important example of the ways in which gender and class have intersected within the history of the Canadian labor movement, and a fascinating case of a longstanding socialist feminist union. We also argue that alongside the historical relevance, exploring the constraints and possibilities of a feminist nonhierarchical organizational structure can offer important lessons for organizing in the twenty-first century. Adopting a socialist feminist framework, we speak from our experiences serving as TSSU executives, as graduate students, and as teachers within the larger academic machine. Marking its fortieth year in 2018, this active, young, and angry labor union can provide the labor movement and academics with a case study to reflect on how we can conceptualize social movement unionism; organize around and toward equity, diversity, and justice; and maintain a deep commitment to both feminist and class struggle.
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Sacks, Michael Paul. "Social Change and Problems of Young Adults and Women in Russia and Uzbekistan." Nationalities Papers 20, no. 2 (1992): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999208408234.
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While some groups are discovering new opportunities in the shifting political and economic structures of the former Soviet Union, others are finding that their paths towards upward social mobility have become less clear or blocked. There are also growing regional differences in benefits and losses. Although privileges in the old system often translate into advantages in the new, a contracting economy and the redrawing of political boundaries are altering the social order.
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Sanz-Barbero, Belén, Patricia López Pereira, Gregorio Barrio, and Carmen Vives-Cases. "Intimate partner violence against young women: prevalence and associated factors in Europe." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 7 (March 8, 2018): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209701.
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BackgroundThe magnitude of intimate partner violence (IPV) in young women is a source of increasing concern. The prevalence of IPV has not been analysed in Europe as a whole. The objective was to assess the prevalence and main characteristics of experiencing physical and/or sexual and psychological-only IPV among young women in the European Union and to identify individual and contextual associated risk factors.MethodsWe analysed a cross-sectional subsample of 5976 ever-partnered women aged 18–29 years from the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Violence Against Women Survey, 2012. The main outcomes were current physical and/or sexual IPV and lifetime psychological-only IPV. Risk factors were assessed by the prevalence ratio (PR) from multilevel Poisson regression models.ResultsCurrent prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV was 6.1%, lifetime prevalence of psychological-only IPV was 28.7%. Having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse by an adult before age 15 was the strongest risk factor for IPV (PR: 2.9 for physical and/or sexual IPV, PR: 1.5 for psychological-only IPV). Other individual risk factors were: perceived major difficulties in living within their household income (PR: 2.6), having children (PR: 1.8) and age 18–24 years (PR: 1.5) for physical/sexual IPV and immigration background for psychological-only IPV (PR: 1.4). Living in countries with a higher prevalence of binge drinking or early school dropout was positively associated with IPV.ConclusionsFindings show that the fight against violence in young women should consider individual characteristics, childhood experiences of abuse and also structural interventions including reduction of alcohol consumption and improvement in the education-related indicators.
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Ruslan, Izzah Atirah. "Gender Inequality: African Union Strategy to Combat Women Poverty Crisis in Somalia." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 15, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v15i2.38198.
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Globalization has led to national security issues to occurred and resulted in people losing their fundamental human rights in some cases. Women’s poverty is clearly the deprivation of human rights for both women and young girls. Somalia, one of the nations in Africa regions, has suffered from the act of gender inequality that deprived the rights of women which led them to live in poverty. Social norms or traditions are playing a crucial role in worsening the condition of living hood among women in Somalia. While both men and women are indeed suffered poverty, however, men are getting wide chances to access job opportunities compared to women. However, in recent years, African Union has acknowledged the importance of women’s role in the economic development of the region, therefore African Union established the Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Strategy as a guide to both the government of the states and women’s agency to spread awareness regarding the rights of the women to be equal as men. Therefore, this paper further will discuss how successful such strategies are to be able to construct new ideas and social norms in Somalia.
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Thorsen, Maggie L. "Shifting Influences of Pregnancy on Union Formation Across Age and Union Stability Across Cohabitation Duration." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 190–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18806554.
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Nonmarital pregnancy increases the likelihood of entering a marital or cohabiting union. The timing of a pregnancy within the life course of an individual or relationship duration may also affect the likelihood of forming coresidential unions and their stability. This study examines the association between nonmarital pregnancy and first union formation and how this varies across age. It also considers whether the influence of pregnancy on the stability of cohabitations shifts across their duration. Using data on young adults in the United States (Add Health), competing-risk event-history models examine the time-varying influence of pregnancy on union formation and stability. Findings suggest that pregnancy is more strongly associated with union formation during adolescence, becoming less influential as women age. Within cohabitations, pregnancy had a bigger impact on increasing the likelihood of marriage early within unions, but the longer a couple cohabited the less likely they were to transition to marriage when pregnant.
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Fonte, Hélder, and Ricardo Rodrigues-Pinto. "Femoral neck stress fracture in a young female recruit: case report." SICOT-J 4 (2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2018011.
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Introduction: Femoral neck stress fractures are uncommon and depending on their location, can be at high risk for non-union and significant morbidity. Their prevalence is higher among runners and military recruits, and women seem to be at higher risk. Methods: A 27-year-old female, who was enrolled in military recruit, reported left side groin pain after a strenuous running exercise. Due to persistent pain an X-Ray was ordered, which revealed no signs of acute lesions. Further imaging studies with CT scan and MRI identified a compression-type femoral neck stress fracture. Results: The patient was submitted to conservative treatment consisting of restricting from full weight-bearing. Six weeks after she initiated partial weight-bearing, becoming asymptomatic at seven months. Follow-up imaging studies revealed union of the fracture. Discussion: This diagnosis should be considered when evaluating military and athlete populations. Early recognition of these injuries is crucial because complication and morbidity rates are high.
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Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, John Elvis Hagan, Anita Gracious Archer, Eugene Budu, Faustina Adoboi, and Thomas Schack. "Predictors of Pregnancy Termination among Young Women in Ghana: Empirical Evidence from the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey Data." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060705.
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Pregnancy termination remains a delicate and contentious reproductive health issue because of a variety of political, economic, religious, and social reasons. The present study examined the associations between demographic and socio-economic factors and pregnancy termination among young Ghanaian women. This study used data from the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey of Ghana. A sample size of 2114 young women (15–24 years) was considered for the study. Both descriptive (frequency, percentages, and chi-square tests) and inferential (binary logistic regression) analyses were carried out in this study. Statistical significance was pegged at p < 0.05. Young women aged 20–24 were more likely to have a pregnancy terminated compared to those aged 15–19 (AOR = 3.81, CI = 2.62–5.54). The likelihood of having a pregnancy terminated was high among young women who were working compared to those who were not working (AOR = 1.60, CI = 1.19–2.14). Young women who had their first sex at the age of 20–24 (AOR = 0.19, CI = 0.10–0.39) and those whose first sex occurred at first union (AOR = 0.57, CI = 0.34–0.96) had lower odds of having a pregnancy terminated compared to those whose first sex happened when they were less than 15 years. Young women with parity of three or more had the lowest odds of having a pregnancy terminated compared to those with no births (AOR = 0.39, CI = 0.21–0.75). The likelihood of pregnancy termination was lower among young women who lived in rural areas (AOR = 0.65, CI = 0.46–0.92) and those in the Upper East region (AOR = 0.18, CI = 0.08–0.39). The findings indicate the importance of socio-demographic factors in pregnancy termination among young women in Ghana. Government and non-governmental organizations in Ghana should help develop programs (e.g., sexuality education) and strategies (e.g., regular sensitization programs) that reduce unintended pregnancies which often result in pregnancy termination. These programs and strategies should include easy access to contraceptives and comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education. These interventions should be designed considering the socio-demographic characteristics of young women. Such interventions will help to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 that seeks to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to fewer than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.
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Rizvi, Farwa, Joanne Williams, and Elizabeth Hoban. "Factors Influencing Unintended Pregnancies amongst Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cambodia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 19, 2019): 4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204006.
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Background: Unintended pregnancies in Cambodian youth are a major reproductive health concern with detrimental personal and socioeconomic consequences. A social ecological model was used to identify sociodemographic factors potentially associated with unintended pregnancies, and an analysis of data from the 2014 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey was used to determine associations. Methods: Weighted data were analysed using multiple logistic regression analyses for 3406 Cambodian sexually active single, in union or married females aged 15–29 years. Results: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 12.3%. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with younger age groups (15–24 years), multiparity, history of abortion, and current use of modern contraceptive methods. All women had an increased likelihood of unintended pregnancy when the husband alone or someone else in the household made decisions about their access to healthcare. Conclusion: The burden of unintended pregnancies is associated with young age, multiparity, history of abortions, unemployment, and low autonomy for accessing healthcare. Multi-pronged, holistic reproductive and sexual health program interventions are needed to increase literacy and accessibility to modern contraception and to raise awareness about women’s health and status in Cambodia.
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Rodrigues, Liliana. "European union: the commitment of hope, human rights, equality, development and education." South Florida Journal of Development 4, no. 1 (March 10, 2023): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv4n1-031.
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The European Union is strongly committed to the idea of equal rights and respect for difference in all its dimensions. In this reflection I will address the gender perspective and the importance of foreign policies to strengthen strategies and measures that promote education for equality and its implications in terms of health and personal, social, cultural, and economic empowerment. The vulnerability of girls and young women requires a specific focus on gender issues and access to all levels of education. Thus, education is assumed as a commitment to equality, that is, a broad education for behavior changes in relation to gender violence, involving all men, women, boys, girls and communities. In fact, we consider women's rights to be human rights and we want to show why human rights and their empowerment are fundamental to the development of a region and a country.
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Lape, Susan. "The Terentian Marriage Plot: Reproducing Fathers and Sons." Ramus 33, no. 1-2 (2004): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00001119.
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In this study, I examine what it means to be a father, a son, and the father-son relationship in three Terentian comedies, the Andria, Self-Tormentor, and Adelphoe. Like the Menandrian originals on which they are based, these plays all employ a marriage plot centring on a young man's efforts to win and or retain his beloved in marriage or a temporary union. In each case, the story (or stories) about the romantic union of a young man and woman takes a back seat to a story about the negotiations between men needed to forge that union. As in Menander's plays, this homosocial orientation invests Terence's marriage plot with a dense network of cultural and ideological concerns. These concerns surface most clearly in the characterisation of the obstacle to the young man's relationship. In the plays under consideration here, the primary obstacle to the marriage or love relationship is the young man's father. In most cases, the fathers only object to their sons having relationships with non-marriageable women when they (the fathers) decide that it is time for their sons to marry. Significantly, the perceived status discrepancy does not operate as an absolute barrier to the young man's romantic relationship in the father's eyes (as in Menander's extant plays and fragments). Rather, the problem arises when the son's desire to remain in the relationship conflicts with his father's desire that he marry a respectable woman. Because the obstacle is framed in this way—as a direct confrontation between the discordant desires of fathers and sons—Terence's marriage plots provide an important window on the ideology of the Roman family and its kinship structure.
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Brickner, Rachel K., and Meaghan Dalton. "Organizing Baristas in Halifax Cafes: Precarious Work and Gender and Class Identities in the Millennial Generation." Critical Sociology 45, no. 4-5 (September 23, 2017): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920517730671.
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In 2012–2015, baristas engaged in union drives at five cafes in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In a series of semi-structured interviews with participants in and supporters of these drives, it became clear that issues of gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity were critical in understanding why and how these union drives evolved: women and queer baristas experienced gender-based discrimination and marginalization at work; they were noted leaders in some of the drives and drew on activist networks to rally community support for the unionization effort. Finally, issues of gender and sexuality informed some of the baristas’ broader economic analysis. We argue that the barista union drive in Halifax illustrates a framework for understanding how gender, gender identity, and sexual orientation inform unjust experiences in precarious workplaces and strategies for confronting them. A gendered analysis of the barista union drives underscores the importance of organized labor’s outreach to young workers and, further, that engaging with workers with attention to intersectionality is an important organizational strategy.
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Garncarek, Emilia, and Agata Matuszewska-Kubicz. "Young women’s (mother’s) needs and expectations regarding the development of professional competences – A comparative analysis of research results from Poland, Lithuania, Spain and Cyprus." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica, no. 78 (December 3, 2021): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-600x.78.06.
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Over the last two decades, there has been a significant improvement in the participation of women in education and the labour market in the European Union. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges to improving the situation of women. The excessive burden of household duties is a major barrier to the educational and professional activity of women, especially young women with small children. Apart from the inability to balance work and personal life, other factors limiting women’s professional activity include the mismatch between their education and the challenges of the modern labour market. Although the majority of people with higher education are women, when planning their careers, they tend to choose less attractive courses of study which are not linked to the professions of the future. The text presents the results of an analysis of research on the needs and expectations of young women (mothers) regarding the development of professional competences. The results show in which types of activities raising competences the surveyed women participate; how they evaluate the effectiveness of activities raising their competences in the professional area; what factors influence the decision of women to participate in the selected form of training; what are the attitudes of the external environment of the surveyed women towards their participation in training; what problems the surveyed women encounter in connection with participation in training raising their professional competences. The focus was on similarities and differences in statements of young women (mothers) from Poland, Lithuania, Spain and Cyprus who participating in the international project Mommypreneurs.
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Balfour, Gillian. "It’s Your Job to Save Me: The Union of Canadian Correctional Officers and the Death of Ashley Smith." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 32, no. 02 (August 2017): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2017.13.
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Abstract The death of Ashley Smith represents the first time in Canadian legal history that correctional officers were criminally charged in the death of a prisoner under the care of the state. In response to these unprecedented charges, the Union of Canadian Correctional Officers (UCCO) mounted a highly public campaign in defense of the officers. In this article, I review UCCO’s media statements following Smith’s death, submissions to various government review committees, and the current Global Agreement between UCCO and Correctional Service Canada (CSC) regarding federally sentenced women. I suggest these narratives work to reproduce administrative segregation as necessary to manage “troubled young women” who are constituted as an unsafe working condition for officers. I highlight the failure of UCCO to influence government policy, unlike the effective success of unions in the United States, and I challenge the place of UCCO in Canada’s trade union movement.
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Grundy, Sue, and Lynn Jamieson. "Are We All Europeans Now? Local, National and Supranational Identities of Young Adults." Sociological Research Online 10, no. 3 (November 2005): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1142.
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The continued expansion and deepening of the European Union state raises important questions about whether there will be a corresponding development of pro-supranational feeling towards Europe. This paper is based on data drawn from a European Commission (EC) funded project on the ‘Orientations of Young Men and Women to Citizenship and European Identity’. The project includes comparative surveys of ‘representative samples’ of young men and women aged 18-24 and samples of this age group on educational routes that potentially orient them to Europe beyond their national boundaries. This comparison of samples is made in paired sites with contrasting cultural and socio-political histories in terms of European affiliations and support for the European Union. The sites are: Vienna and Vorarlberg in Austria; Chemnitz and Bielefeld in East and West Germany; Madrid and Bilbao in Spain; Prague and Bratislava, the capitals of the Czech and Slovak Republics; Manchester, England and Edinburgh, Scotland in the UK. This paper examines patterns of local, national and supranational identity in the British samples in comparison to the other European sites. The typical respondent from Edinburgh and Manchester have very different orientations to their nation-state but they share a lack of European identity and disinterest in European issues that was matched only by residents of Bilbao. International comparision further demonstrates that a general correlation between levels of identification with nation-state and Europe masks a range of orientations to nation, state and Europe nurtured by a variety of geo-political contexts.
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Stebur, Antonina, and Almira Ousmanova. "WOMEN AND IMMATERIAL LABOUR: UNVEILING THE UNSEEN DYNAMICS." Topos, no. 2023-2 (December 28, 2023): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.61095/1815-0047-2023-2-5-10.
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This thematic volume of the journal Topos sprang from the international conference entitled Gender and Im/Material Labour, which was organized by the Center for Gender Studies at the the European Humanities University and held in Vilnius on June 15–16, 2023. The con- ference was part of the Women in Tech educational and research project, the project was launched by the EHU Center for Gender Studies and is funded by the European Union. Apart of the articles, submitted by the participants of the given conference, the volume also features the outcomes of the Women in Tech research grant program (held in 2022–2023), that was aimed specifically at the young female scholars, whose research has been focused on various gender-related issues of the IT industry in Belarus and in the region in the period of 2020–2023.
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Mubark, Islam, Mahmoud Nafady, and Bahaa A. Motawea. "Locking Plate Fixation System for Intracapsular Fracture Neck of Femur in Young Patients." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7565.
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Background. Intra-capsular fractures of the femoral neck in young patients are almost always treated with surgical fixation to preserve the native hip anatomy and biomechanics. Multiple Cannulated hip screws and the sliding hip screw have been the hallmark fixation devices for these injuries. The use of locking cannulated hip screws to a side plate was developed to mitigate the biological and mechanical downfalls of these devices. To report the outcome following the use of a locking plate fixation system in the management of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in young patients. Material and methods. A case series study of all the patients treated in our institution between 2014 and 2017. All eligible patients with hip intracapsular fractures aged between 18 and 65 were treated with a proximal locking hip plate system. The main reported outcomes were union rate, failure of fixation, and development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Results: Fifty-six patients (36 men and 20 women) at a mean age of 39.1 years (range 20-65 years) completed 24 months’ follow-up. Mean time to surgery was 16 hours. No intraoperative complications were reported. The mean time to union was 15.9 weeks (range 12-23). Three patients (5.3%, one Garden type III, and two type IV) did not achieve union at 6 months. Two patients had revision surgery with valgus osteotomy and the third patient required total hip replacement because of screw penetration. Five patients (8.9%) developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head (2 patients Garden type III, and 3 patients Garden VI). Only two patients required conversion to total hip replacement. Conclusions. 1. The results in this study showed lower rates of non-union, AVN and secondary operation as compared to published data on both SCH and DHS. 2. It also compares favorably with results reported for dynamic locking screw systems. 3. The study had few limitations, including lack of comparative groups. Also, when considering fracture classification subgroups, the unstable fracture pattern had higher rates of non-union and AVN. 4. This calls for a further larger number of studies dedicated to these fracture categories to ascertain long-term outcome with this type of fixation.
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Sanda, Nicoleta Aurelia, Gabriel Andrei Gangura, Roxana Florina Ristea, Alexandru Chirca, Daniela Aurora Peşu, Marius Răzvan Ristea, Alexandra Ileana Sanda, and R. V. Costea. "Breast cancer in Romania, a pathology that requires information and education campaigns – risk factors and prophylaxis." Romanian Medical Journal 68, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2021.1.6.
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Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, and its early diagnosis can lead to a survival of over 90% at 5 years. In order to achieve correct education of the population, especially of young women and of the entire medical staff, we consider necessary the review of the risk factors for breast cancer and the possibilities of prophylaxis. Although the survival of breast cancer patients has improved among European Union countries over the last decade (from 79% to 83%), Romania is still at the bottom of the ranking with 75% survival at 5 years, and an assessment of the last 12 months would reveal even more worrying values.
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Bassinga, Hervé, Ousmane Barry, and Sibiri Clément Ouedraogo. "Parcours d’Entrée en Vie Féconde et Recours à la Contraception Moderne chez les Femmes en Union en Afrique de l’Ouest." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 18 (June 30, 2023): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n18p262.
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Nonobstant les nombreuses initiatives visant à faire progresser le recours à la planification familiale (PF) (sensibilisation, subvention et distribution à base communautaire des produits contraceptifs), la prévalence contraceptive moderne dans bon nombre de pays d’Afrique subsaharienne reste faible. En 2021, le taux de prévalence contraceptive moderne chez les femmes en union était de 32 % au Burkina Faso (INSD et DHS programme, 2021). Il était de 10,6% en Guinée et 16,4% au Mali en 2018 (EDS). Au vu de ces faibles prévalences, cet article vise à analyser l’utilisation d’une méthode moderne de planification familiale chez les femmes en union en conciliation avec leurs trajectoires d’entrée en vie féconde. Les données utilisées sont issues d’enquêtes démographiques et de santé (EDS) de périodes proches, de huit pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest. L’analyse a été à la fois descriptive (bivariée) et explicative (régression logistique). Les résultats mettent en lumière des inégalités socio-économiques, socioculturelles et générationnelles dans le recours à la contraception moderne chez les femmes en union. Ils révèlent également un effet d’habitus qui serait attribuable à leur parcours d’entrée en vie féconde. Ces résultats impliquent la nécessité de renforcer les actions de sensibilisation, de counseling, de suivi et de facilitation d’accès aux contraceptifs modernes, chez les jeunes hors union particulièrement issus des classes socio-économiques basses.
Despite numerous initiatives to increase the use of family planning (FP) (awareness, subsidies, and community-based distribution of contraceptives), modern contraceptive prevalence in many sub-Saharan African countries remains low. In 2021, the modern contraceptive prevalence rate among women in union was 32% in Burkina Faso (INSD and DHS program, 2021). It was 10.6% in Guinea and 16.4% in Mali in 2018 (DHS). In view of these low prevalences, this paper aims to analyze the use of a modern family planning method among women in union in conciliation with their fertility entry trajectories. The data used come from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of closed periods, from eight countries in Western Africa. The analysis was both descriptive (bivariate) and explanatory (logistic regression). The results highlight socioeconomic, sociocultural and generational inequalities in the use of modern contraception among women in union. They also reveal a habitus effect that is attributable to their pathway to fertility. These results imply the need to reinforce awareness raising, counseling, follow-up and facilitation of access to modern contraceptives among young people out of union, particularly from low socio-economic classes.
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Han, Geum-Soon. "National Movements of Pyeong-kuk Kang in Japan." Society for Jeju Studies 58 (August 31, 2022): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47520/jjs.2022.58.107.
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Pyeong-kuk Kang was a Korean nationalist during the period of Japanese colonial rule.
She participated in the March 1st movement in Seoul. After Kang enrolled in Tokyo Women’s Medical School, Kang was a member of youth activist group, feminist group, and labor union for Koreans in Japan. She participated in nationalist activism against ethnic discrimination in Japan until 1932.
Kang was a board member of the Korean Young Women League in Tokyo, which had a goal to enhance social status and economic welfare of women. She was also a fellow member of the Council of Korean Association in Tokyo. Furthermore, Kang was a committee member of the Department of Women in the Eastern branch of Korea Trade Union in Tokyo and in the Korea Trade Union Confederation in Japan. She participated in social activism for Koreans against ethnic discrimination to protect the rights and interests of Korean labor. Kang played the leading role in the establishment of the Tokyo branch of Keun-Woo Association. Keun-Woo Association was an activist group for women’s social status and Korean liberation. Kang was a chairperson in General Meeting for the establishment of the Tokyo branch of Keun-Woo Association. Kang in Keun-Woo Association engaged in not only women’s rights and interests but also other political and social issues.
Kang’s activities in Japan were mainly focused on nationalist activism. A wide range of her activism from feminism to labor movement were protests for Koreans against ethnic discrimination. On the other hand, Kang’s activities in Japan were aligned with socialist activism.
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Dumenil, Lynn. "Women's Reform Organizations and Wartime Mobilization in World War I-Era Los Angeles." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 10, no. 2 (March 29, 2011): 213–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781410000162.
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During World War I, the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense served as an intermediary between the federal government and women's voluntary associations. This study of white middle- and upper-middle-class clubwomen in Los Angeles, California reveals ways in which local women pursued twin goals of aiding the war effort while pursuing their own, pre-existing agendas. Women in a wide variety of groups, including organizations associated with the General Federation of Women's Clubs, the Young Women's Christian Association, the Women's Christian Temperance Union, and the Red Cross, had different goals, but most women activists agreed on the need to promote women's suffrage and citizenship rights and to continue the maternalist reform programs begun in the Progressive Era. At the center of their war voluntarism was the conviction that women citizens must play a crucial role in protecting the family amidst the crisis of war.
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Mohamed, Doumbia. "Recours À L’avortement Provoqué Chez Les Femmes En Union Des Quartiers Précaires De Yopougon À Abidjan." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 33 (November 30, 2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n33p319.
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In Côte d’Ivoire, 15 % of maternal deaths are related to illegal abortions. Despite the known consequences, abortion practice is increasing more and more in a restrictive legislative context. Few formal studies and national statistics on the phenomenon exist, much less at the level of precarious slums of Abidjan. This article is a contribution to the understanding of abortion practice in the unprivileged urban context of Yopougon in Abidjan. It aims to analyze the logics and conditions of abortion in the precarious slums of Yopougon. A survey of a sample of 309 women aged 15 to 49 years, living in union in six precarious slums and, an investigation in three public health facilities and five private clinics and among traditional healers were conducted. Results indicate an overall prevalence of 11%. Women who aborted are generally young (85.3%), with no education (35.30%) or primary level of education (32.35%). Proportion of women who aborted increase with parity up to three children and decreases from the fourth child. The lack of financial resources (79.41%) and the fear and stigma (47.05%) are the main reasons of abortion. The majority of abortions took place in private clinics (58.82%).
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Ahamadou, Maichanou, and Dan Baky Agada. "Adopting FinTech to promote financial inclusion: Evidence from western African economic and monetary union." International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 17, no. 1 (August 10, 2023): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v17i1.1090.
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Studies have indicated that many households living in developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, have limited access to financial services offered by the banking system due to multiple socioeconomic barriers. This paper analyzes the impact that FinTech could have on the supply of financial services, including Western African Economic and Monetary Union. We estimate a logit model on Fintech-related variables using data from Global Findex 2017 to find variables that potentially affect financial inclusion. The analysis highlights several results. Firstly, they reveal that many major obstacles to financial inclusion, such as insufficient resources, lack of trust, and lack of official documents, cost, and religious reasons. Second, they demonstrate who is most financially excluded: women, young people under 25, the poor, and those with low levels of education. Thirdly, they also reveal that FinTech has the potential to remove many of these barriers and accelerate financial inclusion in the Western African Economic and Monetary Union. The richest 20% of people, young men, and those with tertiary education are considered to be the key factors of Fintech adoption. These results imply to involve FinTech widely in the delivery of financial services and to promote more financial literacy.
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Czibere, Ibolya, and Edit Schranz. "The Migration of Career-Starter Hungarian Graduate Women to the Countries of the European Union." Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050062.
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In our paper, we present the reasons for and characteristics of the increasing migration of graduate women, mostly undertaken alone. In Hungary, in the context of the acceleration of migration experienced after 2010, two phenomena can be observed: (1) Due to positive selection a high proportion of well-trained young graduates have moved to live abroad; (2) over the past few years, a higher proportion of those migrating for work have been female graduates in their maternity age. Thus, not only is the process of weakening of the male dominance among the emigrants clearly perceptible, but a Hungary-related version of the feminization of the brain drain phenomenon due to the labor market demand of the host countries is also evolving. In this study, we examine the motivations of graduate women to work abroad and the success of their integration. Our qualitative study examines motivations for migration among college graduate females, who are just starting their career. We have explored social forces that influence emigration among the highest educated. We have also studied integration and assimilation strategies among Hungarian women working in the European Union. Our findings contribute to and extend research that focuses on push and pull factors in migration, as well as the interpretation of gender differences in migration, especially among the highest educated.
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Schwartz, Laura. "A Job Like Any Other? Feminist Responses and Challenges to Domestic Worker Organizing in Edwardian Britain." International Labor and Working-Class History 88 (2015): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547915000216.
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AbstractThis article focuses on the Domestic Workers’ Union of Great Britain and Ireland (est. 1909–1910), a small, grassroots union organized by young female domestic servants in the years leading up to the First World War. This union emerged against a backdrop of labor unrest as well as an increasingly militant women's movement. The article looks at how the Domestic Workers’ Union drew inspiration from the latter but also encountered hostility from some feminists unhappy with the idea of their own servants becoming organized. I argue that the uneven and ambivalent response of the women's movement toward the question of domestic worker organizing is significant not simply as an expression of the social divisions that undoubtedly characterized this movement, but also as reflecting a wider debate within early twentieth-century British feminism over what constituted useful and valuable work for women. Attitudes toward domestic worker organizing were therefore predicated upon feminists’ interrogation of the very nature of domestic labor. Was it inherently inferior to masculine and/or professional forms of work? Was it intrinsically different from factory work, or could it be reorganized and rationalized to fit within the industrial paradigm? Under what conditions should domestic labor be performed, and, perhaps most importantly, who should do it?
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Buttigieg, Sandra C., Gabrielle Attard Debono, and Dorothy Gauci. "Needs assessment for sexual health services development in a small European Union member state." Health Services Management Research 32, no. 4 (May 22, 2019): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951484819846086.
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Introduction Awareness of sexual health in Malta – a small European Union member state started to gain momentum in the new millennium. Taboos and norms about sexuality pose strong barriers for the provision of information, and reproductive health services. A major contributor is the strong influence of the Roman Catholic Church, which holds fast to its prohibitions of sexual behaviours, albeit counterbalanced by the liberal standpoint adopted by the State in recent years. Methods Survey data were collected from 269 students aged 16–21 (response rate 89.7%) in a state post-secondary school. The sample was selected through convenience sampling within the school grounds. Results Women were more knowledgeable in relation to available services and risks when compared to men. No geographical differences were found. School was the most common source for information, while health professionals, namely general practitioners were considered trusted resources for their needs. Confidentiality was deemed to be the most requested and crucial feature of sexual health services. Conclusions Three important multisectoral needs emerged, namely adequate dissemination system of sexual health information, scientifically based sexual health education for professionals in contact with young people, and well-designed and accessible sexual health services. Implications for management include updating health sexual education and promotion strategies, as well as designing better services. Young people should be able to make informed choices regarding their sexual health, in line with contemporary needs.
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Johnson, Val Marie. "“The Half Has Never Been Told”: Maritcha Lyons’ Community, Black Women Educators, the Woman’s Loyal Union, and “the Color Line” in Progressive Era Brooklyn and New York." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 5 (February 1, 2017): 835–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217692931.
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Schoolteacher Maritcha Lyons was among the pioneering African American women who, in 1892, built one of the first women’s rights and racial justice organizations in the United States, the Woman’s Loyal Union of New York and Brooklyn (WLU). The WLU is recognized for its antilynching work in alliance with Ida B. Wells, and as an organizational springboard to the National Association of Colored Women. This essay examines struggles on “the color line” by Lyons, other WLU members, and women educators, through their community’s engagement in 1880s and 1890s Brooklyn and New York contention over school integration, and a 1903 debate on the founding of the Brooklyn Colored Young Women’s Christian Association. These women’s and their community’s battles against segregation and for separate institutions reveal lesser known aspects of WLU women’s activism, and the complexities of urban racism and Black resistance in the “Progressive Era” that witnessed Reconstruction’s dismantling, lynching, and “Jim Crow.”
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Huber, Daniela. "Youth as a New Foreign Policy Challenge in Middle East and North Africa: A Critical Interrogation of European Union and US Youth Policies in Morocco and Tunisia." European Foreign Affairs Review 22, Issue 1 (January 1, 2017): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2017007.
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It is not only since January 2011 and the so-called ‘youth revolutions’ that youth has become a key concept through which Europeans and Americans are viewing the Arab world. Since the 2000s, youth has increasingly entered European Union (EU) foreign policies in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the revised neighbourhood policy has in fact devoted an entire section to youth unemployment. But are EU policies contributing to the inclusion of youth? Based on discourse analysis and a comparative approach with US policies, this article argues that the EU and the United States have framed youth exclusively in relation to their ideal vision of a liberal order in the region as an asset, challenge or threat. This has in turn justified foreign policies which are pushing for a further liberalization of the labour market in these countries and which reproduce gendered images of young Muslim men as terror threats and threats to women, young Muslim women as victims and non-productive. While the Arab uprisings have resisted this discourse and practice of Western actors, they have not succeeded to change them; Western policies remain resilient.
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Singh, Aditya, Mahashweta Chakrabarty, Shivani Singh, Diwakar Mohan, Rakesh Chandra, and Sourav Chowdhury. "Wealth-based inequality in the exclusive use of hygienic materials during menstruation among young women in urban India." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 29, 2022): e0277095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277095.
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Background The exclusive use of hygienic materials during menstruation (sanitary napkins, locally made napkins, tampons, and menstrual cups) among urban women in India has been increasing over time. However, little is known about the wealth-based disparity in the exclusive use of hygienic materials during menstruation among these women. This study, therefore, measures wealth-based inequality in the exclusive use of hygienic materials during menstruation among urban women in India. Furthermore, the measured inequality is decomposed to unravel its contributing factors. Data and methods Using data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–21), we calculated the Erreygers normalized concentration index (CI) for India and each of its states to measure wealth-based inequality in the exclusive use of hygienic materials during menstruation among women in urban India. Further, we decomposed the Erreygers CI to estimate the relative contribution of covariates to wealth-based inequality in the exclusive use of hygienic materials during menstruation. The analysis included 54,561 urban women aged 15–24 from 28 states and eight union territories of India. Results The Erreygers CI value of 0.302 indicated a pro-rich inequality in the exclusive use of hygienic materials among urban women in India. While all the states and UTs showed pro-rich inequality, the CI varied considerably across the country. Among the bigger states, the inequality was highest in Madhya Pradesh (CI: 0.45), Assam (CI: 0.44), Bihar (CI: 0.41), and West Bengal (CI: 0.37) and the lowest in the south Indian states of Tamil Nadu (CI: 0.10), Andhra Pradesh (CI: 0.15), Telangana (CI: 0.15), and Kerala (CI: 0.20). Erreygers decomposition revealed that wealth-based inequality in women’s education and mass media exposure contributed almost 80% of the wealth-based inequality in the exclusive use of hygienic materials during menstruation among urban women in India. Conclusion Substantial pro-rich inequality in the exclusive use of hygienic materials suggests that the policies and program initiatives should prioritize reaching out to poor women to increase the overall rate of exclusive use of hygienic materials during menstruation in urban India.
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Zatoński, Witold A., Magdalena Pisarska-Krawczyk, Cezary Wojtyła, and Kinga Janik-Koncewicz. "Patterns of cervical cancer mortality in young adult women in three countries of the European Union: Finland, Poland, and Latvia." Journal of Health Inequalities 2 (2016): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/jhi.2016.65341.
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Huang, Penelope M., Pamela J. Smock, Wendy D. Manning, and Cara A. Bergstrom-Lynch. "He Says, She Says: Gender and Cohabitation." Journal of Family Issues 32, no. 7 (February 3, 2011): 876–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x10397601.
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Cohabitation has become the modal path to marriage in the United States. However, little is known about what cohabitation means to young adults today. Drawing on data from 18 focus groups ( N = 138) and 54 in-depth interviews with young adults, this exploratory study investigates motivations to cohabit and examines potential gender differences in those motivations and the meanings attached to them. The authors find that primary motives to cohabit include spending time together, sharing expenses, and evaluating compatibility. Strong gender differences emerge in how respondents discuss these themes and how they characterize the drawbacks of cohabitation, with men more concerned about loss of freedom and women with delays in marriage. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that gendered cultural norms governing intimate relationships extend to cohabiting unions and point to gender differences in the perceived role of cohabitation in union formation processes.
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Benson Marshall, Melanie, Andrew Cox, and Briony Birdi. "The role of information in the migration experience of young Polish women in the UK." Journal of Documentation 76, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 849–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-08-2019-0158.
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PurposeSince Poland's accession to the European Union in 2004, migration from Poland to the UK has increased substantially. These migrants are generally young and highly educated, and are migrating for reasons of economic improvement and self-fulfilment. Many are women migrating independently, an emerging trend in migration in general. Information behaviour research around migration has tended to focus on populations such as refugees; less research has been done on the information behaviour of economic migrants. This paper, therefore, investigates the role of information in the migration experience of young Polish women in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThis study takes an interpretivist, constructionist perspective. An exploratory study was conducted, involving expert and pilot interviews and analysis of secondary data. In the main study, 21 participants were interviewed using a semi-structured technique. Data were analysed thematically.FindingsThe paper provides insights into the information behaviour and experience of this migrant group. They were found to be confident and successful information users, partly because their migration was planned, their language skills were high and cultural differences from their host country were not substantial. Weak ties were an important source of information. The paper contextualises these findings against previous research on migration in information science, and presents a model of the underlying factors shaping the relationship between migration and information behaviour.Originality/valueThe paper examines the migration experience of a relatively understudied group, drawing attention to a broader range of experience and demonstrating that a wider conceptualisation of migration is required in information behaviour. It presents a model of key factors shaping information behaviour around migration, which is relevant not only to the information field, but also to a wider range of areas. It also delivers practical recommendations for migrants and those working with them.
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Quilodrán Salgado, Julieta, and Viridiana Sosa Márquez. "El tipo de unión y el aborto: una comparación generacional para México / Different Types of Unions and Abortion: a Comparison among Generations in Mexico." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 19, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v19i2.1190.
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Con el presente trabajo se pretende incorporar al estudio del aborto en México la perspectiva generacional y la distinción según el tipo de unión, dos dimensiones que no han sido consideradas en los estudios publicados hasta la fecha. Los datos utilizados corresponden a los de la Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica levantada en 1997. Entre los resultados obtenidos destaca el relativo a la reducción que experimentó el aborto entre las jóvenes (menores de 30 años) de las generaciones nacidas a fines de los años cuarenta y aquellas que lo hicieron veinte años después, a fines de los sesenta. La distinción por tipo de unión nos permite atribuir esta disminución a las mujeres casadas, que casi exclusivamente eran quienes lo practicaban, y evaluar su impacto reductivo sobre la fecundidad en 1.2 nacimientos evitados en las generaciones mayores y 0.5 en las más jóvenes. Las mujeres en uniones libres no superan los 0.6 nacimientos evitados en ninguna de las dos generaciones. Al aplicar el factor de separación propuesto, estas diferencias se traducen en relaciones de un aborto espontáneo por casi seis inducidos entre las casadas de más edad y solamente uno de cada dos entre las más jóvenes. Finalmente la distribución según el método anticonceptivo utilizado nos indica que las jóvenes en unión libre están más eficazmente protegidas que las casadas. AbstractThis paper intends to incorporate the study of abortion in Mexico to the generational perspective, and to differences according to types of union. These two dimensions have not been considered by available studies. The data correspond to the 1997 Mexican Demographic Dynamics Survey. One of the most salient findings of this survey refers to the decline of abortions registered among young women (under 30 years of age) of generations born late in the 1940s, and those born twenty years later, during the late 1960s. Differences according to type of union indicate, in turn, that this decline corresponds to married women, who were almost the only ones that practiced abortions, and to estimate abortion’s impact on fertility decline in 1.2 averted births among older generations, and 0.5 for younger generations. The number of averted births among women in free partnership is not over 0.6 in either generation. These differences produce relations of 1 spontaneous abortion out of 6 induced abortions among older married women, and only one out of two among younger women when the proposed differentiation factor is used. Finally, the distribution according to contraceptive method use indicates that young women in free partnership are more effectively protected than married women.
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Akhtemzyanov, Rafael A. "An Econometric Assessment of the “Punishment” for Singlehood in Russia: Risks or New Opportunities in Life?" Population and Economics 7, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e89168.
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The paper focuses on the effect of having a marriage partner on health and well-being of Russians as compared with their single compatriots. The health status variation between those who are married and those who are single can be explained both by the protective effect of marriage and marriage selection. Using the Cox proportional hazards model on the self-perceived health data from the RLMS 2004-2019 individual questionnaire, while controlling for socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, and living arrangements, we have found that the protective effect of marriage is non‑existent in men, except for a short-term impact of marital transitions. Women are “punished” for their singlehood due to a lack of a partner in their young age, or being in an unregistered union, or the loss of a breadwinner spouse at the age of 50 to 64. In contrast, women over 65 benefit from singlehood.
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Sousa, Laelson Rochelle Milanês, Luana Kelle Batista Moura, Andreia Rodrigues Moura da Costa Valle, Rosilane de Lima Brito Magalhães, and Maria Eliete Batista Moura. "Social representations of HIV/AIDS by older people and the interface with prevention." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, no. 5 (October 2019): 1129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0748.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To apprehend the social representations elaborated by older people about HIV/AIDS and to understand how they relate to the prevention of HIV infection. Method: Descriptive and qualitative research based on the Theory of Social Representations with 42 older people assisted at primary care. Data were produced through in-depth interviews with a semi-structured instrument, processed in the IRaMuTeQ software, and analyzed by means of the descending hierarchical classification. Results: Five classes emerged: “HIV/AIDS: a problem of young people”; “Quality of life improvement for people living with HIV/AIDS”; “Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among heterosexual women in a stable union”; “HIV/AIDS Information Network: process of creation and transformation of social representations” and “Prevention versus stigma”. Final considerations: The social representations that older people have about HIV/AIDS influence the adoption of preventive measures negatively because stigma is present and HIV/AIDS is attributed to young men, and to men who have sex with other men.
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Akgöz, Görkem. "Metaphorical Machines or Mindless Consumers: Young Working-Class Femininity in Early Postwar Turkey." International Labor and Working-Class History 104 (2023): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547923000248.
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AbstractThe simultaneous processes of secular state-building and state-led industrialisation resulted in a new ideology of women's labor in Turkey in the 1930s and the first half of the 1940s. As the country moved away from protectionist, state-led industrialisation in the post-war period, female industrial labor received increasing and contradictory attention from policy makers, employers, the new trade union movement, and middle-class feminists. On the one hand, there emerged an idealized image of factory women that emphasized their productive potential by metaphorically linking them with technology and mass production. However, this proud, progressive message was counterbalanced by an anxious, conservative view of young women's work—one that criticized factory girls’ consumption choices as posing a threat to respectable femininity. Weaving together lines of inquiry such as the change in industrialisation policy, women's access to technology, the sexual division of labor, and the emergent consumption patterns, I unpack the tropes of working-class productivity and femininity against the backdrop of the post-war expansion of capitalism in Turkey.
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Ludermir, Ana Bernarda, Kátia Maria de Melo Machado, Aurélio Molina da Costa, Sandra Valongueiro Alves, and Thália Velho Barreto de Araújo. "Tubal ligation regret and related risk factors: findings from a case-control study in Pernambuco State, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 6 (June 2009): 1361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000600018.
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A case-control study was carried out at a public teaching hospital in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil in 1997 to investigate risk factors among women who feel regret after undergoing sterilization through tubal ligation. The study compared sterilized women who had requested or undergone a tubal reversal with women who were also sterilized but had not undergone this surgery, nor had requested to do so. Women showing a significantly greater probability of regret were those sterilized at a young age, those who had not themselves made the decision to undergo surgery , those for whom the sterilization was carried out up to the 45th day after childbirth and those who had acquired knowledge about contraceptive methods after the tubal ligation procedure. Having had a deceased child, a partner with no children prior to the current union or a change of partner after the tubal sterilization procedure were also associated to the request for or submission to tubal sterilization reversal. It is necessary to assess women's psycho-socio-demographic profiles, their reasons for requesting tubal ligation and to advise the patient about family planning in order to reduce rates of post-sterilization regret.
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Favero, Adrian. "The influence of gender on attitudes towards the EU among the Polish ‘winners of European integration’." European Political Science Review 12, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773919000304.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the role of gender in shaping attitudes towards the European Union (EU) among young people living in Polish cities – the so-called ‘winners of European integration’. Previously, little attention has been given to gender as an influence on views on the EU. Most studies apply the gender-based perspective on Western Europe, while Central and Eastern European countries remain understudied. Based on theories on public opinion, I employ a mixed-methods approach, conducting a survey among 815 MA students living in Polish cities, followed by 27 semi-structured interviews. This analysis of gender-related attitudes towards the EU offers nuanced insights into transitions within post-communist societies. My findings posit that the sampled well-educated women are more likely to support EU integration than men. Education, gender-based individual cost-benefit analyses, and the perceptions of national politics are possible explanations for the positive attitudes towards the EU among the sampled women.
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Panova, Olga Yu. "“Dear TD”: Ruth Epperson Kennell-Theodore Dreiser Correspondence, 1928-1929." Literature of the Americas, no. 11 (2021): 289–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2021-11-289-423.
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During his travel to the Soviet Union (November 4, 1927 — January 13, 1928) and on his return to the USA Theodore Dreiser was keeping in touch and dealing with Soviet literary institutions, periodicals and his Russian acquaints — publishers, editors, critics, etc. Ruth Epperson Kennell (1889 –1977) played an important role in making and maintaining these contacts in late 1920s-early 1930s. Ruth Kennell, who spent almost ten years in the Soviet Union, was a reference librarian (1925 –1927) in the Comintern Library in Moscow. On November 4, 1927 she got acquainted with Dreiser and was hired by him to serve as his secretary and guide as he toured the Soviet Union. Her role as a “Russian secretary”, personal assistant and friend is depicted in Dreiser’s Russian Diary and Kennell’s memoir Theodore Dreiser and the Soviet Union (1969) as well as in their correspondence that lasted till Dreiser’s death. Kennell continued to take part in Dreiser’s life and creative work in the USA, especially during the years that immediately followed their return from the USSR. The paper dwells at some length on Kennell’s biography, her role in publishing Dreiser’s work in the Soviet Union and USA, her work as an editor, critic and reviewer. Kennel had a long and varied writing career, and Dreiser helped her to start write and publish fiction. Their correspondence portrays Dreiser as a patron taking care of a young author and promoting her work. Kennell’s letters to Dreiser (1928 –1929) stored in the Manusсript Division of A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature are published in the addendum together with the Russian translation of several Dreiser’s letters to Kennell included in Theodore Dreiser: Letters to Women. New Letters (2009).
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Ravandi-Fadai, Lana M. "Shadows in the Garden: Women Agents Underground and Communist Activism in Mid-20th Century Iran Part II." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2023): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025674-8.
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The second part of this article on the clandestine activities of Iranian female communists explores the case of Zuleykha Asadi, a young woman who earned a medical degree in Moscow just before the start of the Second World War. Her story can be told with unusual immediacy thanks to the preservation of her correspondence in the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, published here for the first time. Zuleykha’s father’s letters to her in Moscow chart the difficulties and decisions his daughter faced and are suffused with a parent’s anxious concern for his daughter and a deep belief in the Soviet Union and its mission. Upon returning to Iran, ostensibly to practice medicine, Zuleykha also acted as a Soviet operative, keeping her handlers in Moscow apprised of her activities in letters that are a striking mix of ciphered intelligence reporting and emotional frankness about her personal life and experiences, such as her feelings for her newborn daughter and absent husband. She gathered intelligence about the wartime mood, conditions and activity of Nazi agents in the country, liaised with Iranian communists, and planned to set up a safe house. Within two years, for reasons unstated, Moscow decided to cut her loose. The case file of this idealistic young woman is emblematic of the magnetic pull of Communist ideals for many in the working class of Iran in the first half of the 20th Century.
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BYALIK, O. "EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS SEXUAL EDUCATION OF STUDENT YOUTH IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Pedagogical Sciences, no. 75-76 (December 12, 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2524-2474.2020.75-76.226362.
Full textAbstract:
The article reveals the features of extracurricular activities in sexual education of students in foreign countries, where active participation are Health Centers, Women’s Health, Family Planning Centers and counseling centers for pregnant women, youth centers, AIDS Prevention Centers, youth organizations and other state and public institutions, establishments, societies of local, national and international levels, libraries, sports and improving establishments.Sex education is closely linked to school curricula and the involvement of teachers. Recent analysis of numerous studies has shown that in the European Union the trend of using out-of-school institutions to increase the level of preparation of the younger generation for adult life, provides an opportunity to implement the principle of continuity in gender, to reach as many young people base of counseling centers for young people, anonymous counseling services via telephone lines or online consultations (consultations on prevention of unwanted teenage pregnancy, orgasm, masturbation, homosexuality or sexual practice, contraception, etc.).The study identified the creation of youth centers operating within the Council of Europe’s youth program, which provide meetings, seminars and training courses for young people, including students, working closely with external organizations, including non-governmental organizations, in including youth organizations. They have youth clinics aimed at promoting physical and mental health, empowering young people to develop their sexual identities, and preventing unwanted pregnancies, STDs and HIV/AIDS.
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Klausen, Susanne M. "‘The Trial the World is Watching’: The 1972 Prosecution of Derk Crichton and James Watts, Abortion, and the Regulation of the Medical Profession in Apartheid South Africa." Medical History 58, no. 2 (April 2014): 210–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2014.6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAfter its formation in 1910 as a self-governing dominion within the British empire, the Union of South Africa followed a combination of English and Roman-Dutch common laws on abortion that decreed the procedure permissible only when necessary to save a woman’s life. The government continued doing so after South Africa withdrew from the Commonwealth and became a republic in 1961. In 1972 a sensational trial took place in the South African Supreme Court that for weeks placed clandestine abortion on the front pages of the country’s newspapers. Two men, one an eminent doctor and the other a self-taught abortionist, were charged with conspiring to perform illegal abortions on twenty-six white teenagers and young unmarried women. The prosecution of Dr Derk Crichton and James Watts occurred while the National Party government was in the process of drafting abortion legislation and was perceived by legal experts as another test of the judiciary’s stance on the common law on abortion. The trial was mainly intended to regulate the medical profession and ensure doctors ceased helping young white women evade their ‘duty’ to procreate within marriage. Ultimately, the event encapsulated a great deal about elites’ attempt to buttress apartheid culture and is significant for, among other reasons, contributing to the production of South Africa’s extremely restrictive Abortion and Sterilisation Act (1975).
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Koletzko, Berthold, K. M. Godfrey, Lucilla Poston, Hania Szajewska, Johannes B. van Goudoever, Marita de Waard, Brigitte Brands, et al. "Nutrition During Pregnancy, Lactation and Early Childhood and its Implications for Maternal and Long-Term Child Health: The Early Nutrition Project Recommendations." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 74, no. 2 (2019): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000496471.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A considerable body of evidence accumulated especially during the last decade, demonstrating that early nutrition and lifestyle have long-term effects on later health and disease (“developmental or metabolic programming”). Methods: Researchers involved in the European Union funded international EarlyNutrition research project consolidated the scientific evidence base and existing recommendations to formulate consensus recommendations on nutrition and lifestyle before and during pregnancy, during infancy and early childhood that take long-term health impact into account. Systematic reviews were performed on published dietary guidelines, standards and recommendations, with special attention to long-term health consequences. In addition, systematic reviews of published systematic reviews on nutritional interventions or exposures in pregnancy and in infants and young children aged up to 3 years that describe effects on subsequent overweight, obesity and body composition were performed. Experts developed consensus recommendations incorporating the wide-ranging expertise from additional 33 stakeholders. Findings: Most current recommendations for pregnant women, particularly obese women, and for young children do not take long-term health consequences of early nutrition into account, although the available evidence for relevant consequences of lifestyle, diet and growth patterns in early life on later health and disease risk is strong. Interpretation: We present updated recommendations for optimized nutrition before and during pregnancy, during lactation, infancy and toddlerhood, with special reference to later health outcomes. These recommendations are developed for affluent populations, such as women and children in Europe, and should contribute to the primary prevention of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases.