Relevant bibliographies by topics / Best price rule

Academic literature on the topic 'Best price rule'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Best price rule"

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Sachs, Rachel, Nicholas Bagley, and Darius N. Lakdawalla. "Innovative Contracting for Pharmaceuticals and Medicaid's Best-Price Rule." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 43, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-4249796.

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Abstract In recent years, drug manufacturers and private payers have expressed interest in novel pricing models that more closely link a drug's price to its value. Indication-based pricing, outcome-based pricing, drug licenses, and drug mortgages have all been discussed as alternatives to paying strictly for volume. Manufacturers and payers have complained, however, that Medicaid's “best-price rule” inhibits their ability to enter into these new pricing arrangements. This article examines the best-price rule and assesses to what extent, if any, it might frustrate the goal of paying for value. We conclude that the best-price rule is not as serious a problem as it is sometimes made out to be but that it is also not simply a convenient excuse for refusing to try something new. The law here is complex, and moving to a pay-for-value model for drugs will require close coordination among manufacturers, payers, and regulators.
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Almujamed, Hesham I. "Filter rule performance in an emerging market: evidence from Qatari listed companies." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 68, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-04-2018-0129.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictability of nine filter rules and test the validity of the weak form of the efficient market hypothesis for the Qatar Stock Exchange (QSE). Design/methodology/approach This study adopts the filter rule strategy employed by Fifield et al. (2005), which suggests that a buy signal occurs when a share’s price increases by X percent from the previous price. This strategy recommends that the share is held until its price declines by X percent from the subsequent high price. Any price changes below X percent are ignored. Additionally, using the theory of weak-form efficiency, this paper suggests that, if a stock market is efficient, an investor cannot achieve superior results by using these trading rules. However, if market inefficiencies are present, profitable opportunities may arise. To this end, the daily closing share prices of 44 companies listed on QSE are explored for 2004–2017. Findings The findings propose that QSE is not weak-form efficient because security prices are predictable. As such, investors who followed filter strategies based on past price information could have made profit. Sectoral analysis findings further suggest that firms in the consumer goods and services, industrial and insurance sectors are most efficiently priced amongst the QSE-traded companies. Practical implications The evidence may be plausibly helpful as supporting market participants and academics that suggest that selecting filter strategy is extremely important for determining the overall profitability of the trading strategy. Originality/value To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study on Qatar that examines the performance of filter rules relative to a passive investor in the context of trading rules with individual share prices for a new stock market. Furthermore, this study adds to the literature through the empirical finding that technical analysts using filter strategies could generate excess returns relative to the buy-and-hold strategy on new emerging stock markets. This study also suggests the levels of transparency and accounting disclosure are limited, which may help Qatari policy makers understand the QSE context. Therefore, it might lead them to introduce regulatory changes to improve the QSE’s efficiency level.
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Nong, Qingqin, Jiapeng Wang, Suning Gong, and Saijun Guo. "A bin packing game with cardinality constraints under the best cost rule." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 11, no. 02 (April 2019): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830919500228.

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We consider the bin packing problem with cardinality constraints in a non-cooperative game setting. In the game, there are a set of items with sizes between 0 and 1, and a number of bins each of which has a capacity of 1. Each bin can pack at most [Formula: see text] items, for a given integer parameter [Formula: see text]. The social cost is the number of bins used in the packing. Each item tries to be packed into one of the bins so as to minimize its cost. The selfish behaviors of the items result in some kind of equilibrium, which greatly depends on the cost rule in the game. We say a cost rule encourages sharing if for an item, compared with sharing a bin with some other items, staying in a bin alone does not decrease its cost. In this paper, we first show that for any bin packing game with cardinality constraints under an encourage-sharing cost rule, the price of anarchy of it is at least [Formula: see text]. We then propose a cost rule and show that the price of anarchy of the bin packing game under the rule is [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text].
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Xing, Yafei, Singo Mabu, Lian Yuzhu, and Kotaro Hirasawa. "Multi-Order Rules Extraction by Genetic Network Programming with Rule Accumulation and its Application to Stock Trading Problems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 5 (July 20, 2011): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0515.

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As the effectiveness of the trading rules for stock trading problems has been verified, a method of extracting multi-order rules by Genetic Network Programming (GNP) is proposed using the rule accumulation for improving the efficiency of the trading rules in this paper. GNP is one of the evolutionary computations having a directed graph structure. Because of this special structure, the rule accumulation from GNP individuals is more effective for trading the stock than other methods. In this paper, there are two main points: rule extraction and trading action determination. Rule extraction is carried out in the training period, where the rules including the 1st order rules and multi-order rules, are extracted from the best individual and accumulated into the rule pools generation by generation. In the testing period, the trading action is determined by the matching degree of the stock price information with the rules, and the profits of the trading are evaluated. In the simulations, the stock prices of 16 brands in 2004, 2005 and 2006 are used for the training and those in 2007 for the testing. The simulation results show that the multi-order rules perform better than the 1st order rules. So, it is proved that themulti-order rules extracted by GNP is more effective than the 1st order rules for stock trading.
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Arif, Muhammad Fadli, Bima Anoraga, Samingun Handoyo, and Harisaweni Nasir. "Algorithm Apriori Association Rule in Determination of Fuzzy Rule Based on Comparison of Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) Mamdani Method and Sugeno Method." Business Management and Strategy 7, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v7i1.9410.

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<p>The economic stability of a country can be determined from the changes in the rate of inflation. Inflation is measured by the annual percentage change in the Consumer Price Index. Since there exists some uncertainties in the inflation data, fuzzy logic is one of the ways to analyse the data. Decisions in fuzzy logic can be made using the fuzzy rule-based inference system. Fuzzy rule-based inference can be obtained from expert knowledge, but the knowledge from the experts on the working of a system is not always available. Therefore, the use of association rules<em> </em>approach could solve the problem. Using three methods of fuzzy inferences; namely the Mamdani Methods, zero-order Sugeno method, and the first-order Sugeno method, this study was carried out to determine which method fits to predict the general monthly inflation data in Indonesia. The Inflation data were derived from the inflation of foodstuff price, <em>X<sub>1</sub></em>; inflation of food, drinks, cigarettes and tobacco prices, <em>X<sub>2</sub></em>; inflation of housing, water, electricity, gas, and fuel prices, <em>X<sub>3</sub></em>; inflation of clothing price, <em>X<sub>4</sub></em>; inflation of health care price, <em>X<sub>5</sub></em>; inflation of education, recreation, and sports prices, <em>X<sub>6</sub></em>; and inflation of transportation, communication, and financial services prices, <em>X<sub>7</sub></em>. The performance of the three methods was compared using mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as the accuracy measurement to establish the best fuzzy inference method that fits the inflation value. It was found that the most appropriate method which generated the most accurate results to fit the fuzzy inference system to the inflation data was the first-order Sugeno method.</p>
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Luik, Marc-Andre, and Dennis Wesselbaum. "Did the FED React to Asset Price Bubbles?" B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics 21, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 745–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejm-2020-0116.

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Abstract This paper investigates whether the Federal Reserve Bank (FED) reacted to asset price bubbles before the Great Recession and whether this affected macroeconomic variables. We estimate a DSGE model featuring a financial accelerator and a process for asset price bubbles with different Taylor-rule specifications. We find that a Taylor-rule with a feedback to Tobin’s Q and bubble shocks fits best. Our findings suggest that the FED followed a cleaning rather than a leaning approach prior to the global financial crisis (GFC). Then, we perform a counterfactual analysis and show that this policy created a lower interest rate prior to the GFC compared to a standard Taylor-rule without feedback to financial variables.
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Brancato, Kevin, and Richard E. Wagner. "Inefficient Market Pricing: An Illusory Economic Box." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569204x15668904587089.

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Abstract Welfare economics typically holds that market outcomes are Pareto efficient only if markets are competitive and average costs are constant or increasing. Otherwise, to attain market efficiency requires some regulatory implementation of a rule to equate price to marginal cost, though the ability of such a pricing rule to accomplish this is tempered by second-best considerations. In contrast to this typical claim, we explain why market prices must be Pareto efficient even in the presence of decreasing average costs. The existence of an analytical box labeled ‘inefficient pricing’ turns out to be an illusion that is generated by the imposition of a theoretical convention of price uniformity that has no basis for existence other than analytical convenience. In short, profit seeking alone is sufficient for Pareto efficiency, for Pareto inefficiency simultaneously means that firms are failing to exploit opportunities for profit, and to embrace such a failure provides a poor basis for economic modeling.
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Neimeth, Clifford E. "Inconsistent application of the SEC’s “all holders‐best price” rule continues to chill tender offers." Journal of Investment Compliance 3, no. 3 (July 2002): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic.2002.3.3.43.

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Neimeth, Clifford E. "Inconsistent application of the SEC’s “all holders-best price” rule continues to chill tender offers." Journal of Investment Compliance 3, no. 3 (2002): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/15285810210812817.

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Huppertz, Tom, Bo Weidema, Simon Standaert, Bernard De Caevel, and Elisabeth van Overbeke. "The Social Cost of Sub-Soil Resource Use." Resources 8, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8010019.

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This paper presents a market-price-based method to value sub-soil resources in environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment. The market price incorporates the privileged information of the market agents, explicitly or implicitly anticipating future applications of the resource, future backstop technologies, recycling potentials, the evolution of reserves and extraction costs. The market price is therefore considered as the best available integrated information reflecting the actual values of these parameters. Our method is based on the Hotelling rule and the fact that private agents discount future costs and benefits at a higher rate than society as a whole. In practice, the price of the last resource unit sold is calculated with the Hotelling rule using a market discount rate. Then, the price at depletion is retropolated with a social discount rate smaller than the market discount rate. The resulting corrected “socially optimal” price is higher than the market price. The method allows to calculate the social cost of resource exhaustion, which is applicable in Cost-Benefit Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment. The method is applied to mineral and fossil resources and the results are compared with other recent methods that seek to place a monetary value on resource depletion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Best price rule"

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CADORIN, FEDERICA. "IL PREZZO DELL¿OPA OBBLIGATORIA: PROBLEMI E RIMEDI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/806779.

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La tesi si propone di indagare la funzione della regola del prezzo più alto pagato nel contesto della disciplina dell’OPA obbligatoria e di individuare gli strumenti più adeguati per reagire alle ipotesi di deviazione. Muovendo dalla considerazione della complementarietà tra la prospettiva della protezione degli azionisti di minoranza e quella della tutela dell’efficienza del mercato del controllo societario, viene evidenziato il ruolo imprescindibile svolto dalla highest price paid rule nel disincentivare la realizzazione di operazioni che potrebbero incidere negativamente sul valore dei titoli della società bersaglio. Affrancando la nozione di “prezzo equo” ex art. 5, par. 4, direttiva OPA dal principio della parità di trattamento, si sottolinea l’attitudine di tale prezzo a stimare il valore di scambio dei titoli della target, non già “in astratto”, come avverrebbe utilizzando un criterio fondato sulle medie di mercato, bensì “in concreto”, a partire dall’effettivo incontro tra domanda e offerta in occasione del singolo acquisto rilevante. La validità della ricostruzione proposta viene poi verificata alla luce della previsione che attribuisce alla Consob, al ricorrere di particolari circostanze (tra cui, in particolare, la “collusione tra l’offerente e uno o più venditori”), il potere di modificare con provvedimento motivato il corrispettivo d’offerta, verso l’alto o verso il basso; dalle indicazioni provenienti dall’analisi delle singole fattispecie si desume che il meccanismo – nell’autorizzare, ovvero imporre, una deviazione formale dalla highest price paid rule – consente in realtà di ripristinare, sul piano sostanziale, il funzionamento della regola, nella prospettiva dell’efficienza del mercato del controllo societario. Sulla scorta di tali premesse, la trattazione procede a esaminare i caratteri del potere dell’autorità di vigilanza, evidenziandone la portata non sanzionatoria e la componente di discrezionalità non solo tecnica, ma anche amministrativa, che si esplica con riguardo alla rettifica in aumento. In relazione alle medesime fattispecie rilevanti per la rettifica in aumento, infine, vengono ricercati nel sistema rimedi ulteriori, per l’ipotesi in cui il correttivo non sia stato tempestivamente azionato. Una volta esclusa la possibilità di ricorrere alle sanzioni comminate per la violazione degli obblighi derivanti dalla disciplina delle offerte obbligatorie, si giunge ad affermare la risarcibilità del danno cagionato dalla condotta dell’offerente che abbia leso l’interesse degli azionisti di minoranza a ricevere un’OPA al prezzo “equo”, pur negando la possibilità di qualificare l’interesse in questione in termini di diritto soggettivo.
The dissertation aims at investigating the role of the highest price paid rule in the context of the EU takeover regime and at identifying the appropriate remedies in the event of a deviation. Taking the cue from the complementarity between the protection of minority shareholders and the efficiency of the market for corporate control, the author shows how the rule makes an essential contribution to preventing value-destroying control transfers. In this perspective, the “equitable price” is not regarded as an expression of the equal treatment principle, but as a proxy for estimating the exchange-value of the target shares on a more factual and specific basis than the average market price. In the present work, this view is confirmed by the provision that enables the supervisory authority to adjust the price of the mandatory bid when particular circumstances (such as collusive arrangements between the acquirer and a seller) alter how the highest price paid rule works in practice: in such cases, in fact, the mechanism allows to restore the function of the rule in substantive terms, despite authorising or imposing a formal deviation from it. In this respect, the adjustment of the offer price does not constitute a penalty, but rather a (discretionary) corrective tool, put in place to protect shareholders against potentially inefficient changes of corporate control. Lastly, the author takes into account the possibility that the authority fails to take any action or acts ineffectively; even though penalties for violation of the mandatory bid rule shall not apply in this scenario, the offeror can be held liable for the damage caused to the interest of minority shareholders in being offered an equitable price for their shares.
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Endress, Lee H. "Golden rules and second best shadow prices for sustainable development." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9656.

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Books on the topic "Best price rule"

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Linder, Tatjana. Die Best Price Rule im schweizerischen Übernahmerecht: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Cross Conditionality. Zürich: Schulthess, 2010.

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Office, General Accounting. Medicaid: Changes in best price for outpatient drugs purchased by HMOs and hospitals : fact sheet for the Chairman, Subcommittee on Regulation, Business Opportunities, and Technology, Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Energy management: DOE has not shown systems contracting to be in government's best interest : report to the chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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Office, General Accounting. Energy management: DOE has not shown systems contracting to be in government's best interest : report to the chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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Ploeg, Rick van der. Sustainable Management of Natural Resource Wealth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0019.

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The principles of how best to manage the various components of national wealth are outlined, where the permanent income hypothesis, the Hotelling rule, and the Hartwick rule play a prominent role. A case is made to use an intergenerational sovereign wealth fund to smooth consumption across generations, a liquidity fund for the precautionary buffers to deal with commodity price volatility, and an investment fund to park part of the windfall until the country is ready to absorb extra spending on domestic investment. Capital scarcity implies that a positive part of the windfall should be spent on domestic investment. The conclusions highlight the political economy problems that must be tackled when managing national wealth.
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Library, The Law. Amendments to the Tender Offer Best-Price Rules (Us Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation) (Sec) (2018 Edition). Independently Published, 2019.

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Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.5 Content, third party rights and conditions, s.1: Content, Art.5.1.5. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0088.

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This commentary focuses on Article 5.1.5 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the determination of the kind of duty involved. Art 5.1.5 provides criteria for determining the nature of contractual obligations. The question of whether an obligation involves a duty to achieve a specific result or a duty of best efforts is a result of the interpretation of the contract. Thus, Art 5.1.5 supplements the rules on contractual interpretation in Chapter 4 of the PICC. In determining the extent to which a party's obligation involves a duty of best efforts in the performance of an activity or a duty to achieve a specific result, regard shall be had to the way in which the obligation is expressed in the contract; the contractual price and other terms of the contract; the degree of risk normally involved in achieving the expected result; and the ability of the other party to influence the performance of the obligation.
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Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Pratinav Anil. India's First Dictatorship. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577820.001.0001.

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In June 1975 Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed a state of emergency, resulting in a twenty-one-month suspension of democracy. Jaffrelot and Anil revisit the Emergency to re-evaluate characterisations of India as the ‘world’s largest democracy.’ They explore India’s first experiment with authoritarianism, which resulted in a constitutional dictatorship with an unequal impact across states. The impact was felt more strongly in the capital, its neighbouring states and in the Hindi belt than in states ruled by the opposition—the North East and South India. This was largely due to the resilience of federalism and local socio-political factors in these regions. India’s First Dictatorship focuses on Mrs Gandhi and her son, Sanjay, who was largely responsible for the mass sterilization programs and deportation of urban slum-dwellers. However, it equally exposes the facilitation of authoritarian rule by Congressmen, Communists, trade unions, businessmen and the urban middle class, as well as the complacency of the judiciary and media. While opposition leaders eventually ended up in jail, many of them—especially in the RSS—tried to collaborate with the new regime. Those who resisted the Emergency, in the media or on the streets, were far and few between. The Emergency accentuated India’s political culture, which is reflected in the current zeitgeist, as the illiberal aspects of Indian democracy yet again resurface with the rise of Hindu nationalist authoritarian populism. This episode was neither a parenthesis nor a turning point, but a style of rule that is very much alive today.
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Pigden, Charles. Hume on Is and Ought. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.40.

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Hume contends that you can’t get an ought from an is. Searle professed to prove otherwise, deriving a conclusion about obligations from premises about promises. Since can’t derive a substantive ought from an is by logic alone, Searle is best construed as claiming that there are analytic bridge principles linking premises about promises to conclusions about obligations. But we can no more derive a moral obligation to pay up from the fact that a promise has been made than we can derive a duty to fight a duel from the fact that a challenge has been issued—just conclusions about what we ought to do according to the rules of the relevant games. Hume suggests bridge principles that would take us from the rules of the games to conclusions about duties, but these are distinctly dubious. The argument features an obtreperous earl, an anarchist philosopher and a dueling Prime Minister.
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Mir, Moin. Prince Who Beat the Empire: How an Indian Ruler Took on the Might of the East India Company. Amberley Publishing, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Best price rule"

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Boomsma, Jacobus J. "Adaptation, control information, and the human condition." In Domains and Major Transitions of Social Evolution, 194–222. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746171.003.0008.

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Abstract Following the inductive logic of Hume’s fork, this book has partitioned Hamilton’s rule so that it offers a general necessary and concrete sufficiency condition for the origins of major transitions in evolution (MTEs). My conjecture could in principle have been formulated decades ago, but several forms of confusion have compromised its development. First, Darwinism was “environmentalized” throughout the 20th century, becoming a branch of ecology and allowing researchers to avoid asking questions about adaptive design. This problem disappears only when adhering to a strict definition of what an environment really is, as George Williams did in 1966 and Helena Cronin updated in 2005. Second, many have failed to appreciate that the gene’s eye view of adaptive evolution is a concept of genetic information and phenotypic agency rather than of genetic reductionism. Making that perspective explicit helps to connect inclusive fitness theory to Shannon’s information theory, because both are about the use of information for prediction and control. It then emerges that inclusive fitness theory, captured by Price equation logic of selection and transmission, is the only biological theory that might ultimately be reconciled with theoretical physics via quantum Darwinism. Third, anthropomorphic bias has been rampant in biology, particularly in conceptualizing the human MTE. Our own transition is exceptional in not having originated via a new level of lifetime commitment and obligate reproductive division of labor, but from an already complex society that became domesticated by cumulative culture—an endosymbiosis between individual brains and sets of self-organizing algorithmic symbionts. Under that assumption, a dual Price equation framework may be the best unbiased tool for unraveling the extent of cooperation and conflicts between our genetic endowment and the reproductive interests of our Lamarckian brain symbionts. Dual host–symbiont agency appears to make anthropomorphic concepts such as “self-domestication” and “self-deception” moot, and to shed intriguing light on patterns of MTE symmetry over time.
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Signorile, Nicola. "Pride and Prejudice." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 52–77. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3613-0.ch004.

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The first building of the Murattiano district fell in 1954. Since then, a constant devastation, that between 1963 and 1964 alone counts more than 200 building replacements. Maybe the deterioration of the Murattiano district had already been decided in its birth certificate. Still, has the example contained in their best works truly disappeared or can we recognize nowadays its effect in some pieces of architecture that have most recently been built in Bari? Before expressing a judgment about quality, it is necessary to identify a list of all those cases that during the second half of last century and the first years of the new one and therefore in very recent times witness the innovations that were introduced in the local architectural culture. Innovations that concern the culture of the project and the styles of expression. Finally—through the search for the “ordinary” quality to build—the discovery of an unsuspected continuity between the compositional rule of the Murattiano neoclassicism and the experiences of the “Modern Murattiano.”
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Hathaway, Oona A. "The Principle of Distinction and the Role of Consent." In Rules for Wrongdoers, 105–18. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197553978.003.0004.

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Arthur Ripstein offers a Kantian response to what he calls “Shawcross’s argument”—the argument that the killing of combatants in war is justifiable only where the war is legal. In doing so, he is seeking to provide a moral justification for what may appear to be an incoherence between the two main pillars of modern law of war: On the one hand, the ius ad bellum provides that states may only lawfully resort to war when they have a just cause. On the other hand, the ius in bello specifies rules governing conduct that apply equally to both sides in a conflict—regardless of whether they are waging a lawful or unlawful war. Hence combatants in an unlawful war are entitled to the same immunities from prosecution as combatants in a lawful one. But how can that possibly be morally just? Shawcross rejects that moral equivalence, comparing combatants in unlawful wars to a “lawless robber band.” In the process, Shawcross—and those sympathetic to his view—threaten to upend the modern law of war. Ripstein comes to international law’s defense, though not in terms most international lawyers would find familiar. Ripstein’s effort to morally ground the international legal rules is admirable. Yet the argument provides a moral foundation for the modern rules of war that is incomplete at best. Moreover, it fails to grapple with the voluntary nature of international law, which allows states to agree to further their long-term best interests even at the price of short-term constraints.
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Headrick, Daniel R. "Storing Information : Dictionaries and Encyclopedias." In When Information Came of Age. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135978.003.0007.

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Encyclopedias and dictionaries are the workhorses of culture; almost everyone consults them from time to time, but almost no one studies them. These useful compendia of knowledge serve their purpose for a few years and then are shelved or pulped. There are some notable exceptions to this rule, works whose significance transcends the time in which they appear. The most famous example of these is the Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné of Diderot and d’Alembert. Denis Diderot (1713 – 1784) was one of the most prolific critics and essayists of the philosophes and a star of the French Enlightenment. His friend Jean Le Rond d’Alembert (1717 – 1783) was a mathematician, astronomer, and science writer. Together, they organized and edited the most ambitious work of their age. They planned it to be a universal compendium of all knowledge, organized in a coherent manner for the edification and enlightenment of the educated reading public. At the same time, they wanted it to be useful, practical, modern, and up-to-date. Despite its steep price, it enjoyed a huge popular success and became one of the best-selling works of the century. Yet it left a poor legacy. Its sequel, the Encyclopédie méthodique, was a com­mercial and scientific failure that few people bought at the time and hardly anyone has looked at since. Today, intellectuals pay lip service to the origi­nal Encyclopédie, but no one goes out and buys a new edition. Contrast this fate with that of two other encyclopedias that appeared a few years after Diderot and d’Alembert’s: the Encyclopaedia Britannica and the Brockhaus. The first edition of the Britannica, which appeared in 1771, was a modest work, hastily put together by a printer, an engraver, and a penurious scribbler. The German Conversations-Lexicon was the creation of the publishing entrepreneur Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus (1772–1823), who bought up an unfinished encyclopedia, hired writers to complete it, and issued the first edition in 1809 – 1811. These were no masterpieces of erudition or compendia of all knowledge, but simple reference works.
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James, William, and Arthur Balfour. "That Adorable Genius and a Prime Minister." In The Moral Argument, 62–71. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190246365.003.0006.

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William James offered several resources that a moral apologist can deploy. James saw it as irrational to embrace a rule of reasoning that precludes finding truth that’s really there to be found. He argued that the category of moral regret is a bad fit with a naturalistic worldview. Like other philosophers we’ve considered, his was an expansive empiricism that included considering the evidential value of relational, aesthetic, and ethical deliverances. Arthur Balfour similarly recognized the moral deficiencies of naturalism, though, more so than James, he thought reconcilable the religious and metaphysical accounts of theism. Balfour was particularly intent on underscoring the ways in which deflationary analyses of moral values and duties are better at explaining them away than actually explaining them. He didn’t think the moral argument was best thought of as a deduction; rather, he saw it as something closer to an inductive or abductive approach.
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McDonald, Andrew T., and Verlaine Stoner McDonald. "Introduction." In Paul Rusch in Postwar Japan, 1–8. University Press of Kentucky, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176079.003.0001.

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The introduction portrays the scene at the Paul Rusch Festival Yatsugatake County Fair. Initially, it appears to be like any other American harvest festival, but the event takes place in the highlands 120 miles northwest of Tokyo. It explains why the Japanese would honor the Kentuckian Rusch, someone they called the “red-headed foreigner,” outlining the arc of Rusch’s life, from an altar boy in Louisville, Kentucky, to a military intelligence officer who walked the halls of the Imperial Palace and interacted with royalty, prime ministers, captains of industry, and the rich and powerful in both America and Japan. Rusch took stands on racial injustice and worked to uplift the poor people of rural Japan, but at some points he compromised his religious principles as he became involved in the dark intrigue of America’s Cold War policy. Rusch was also something of a con man, a kind of Robin Hood who bent and broke the rules to forward the cause of helping people or promoting his own pet projects. Rusch was instrumental in the rebuilding of the postwar Episcopal Church in Japan.
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McDonald, Andrew T., and Verlaine Stoner McDonald. "Faith and Compromise." In Paul Rusch in Postwar Japan, 127–52. University Press of Kentucky, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176079.003.0007.

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Chapter 6 follows Rusch’s work in army intelligence, where he was in close contact with a number of Japanese prime ministers and high officials. Many officials were cooperating with the American effort to ferret out Communists, and Rusch was part of an administration that bent the rules of democracy by supporting pro-American Japanese candidates while hindering their opponents. At the same time, Rusch was working to restore institutions of the Nippon Seikokai, the Episcopal Church of Japan, and he used his authority as an army officer to forward his various projects, including the rebuilding of Seisen-Ryo. He was accused by his superiors of abusing his power to help the church and rebuild the lodge. Rusch covertly aided the heiress Miki Sawada in caring for mixed-race children born of sexual liaisons between Japanese women and Allied personnel, and he routinely raided American supplies to help Sawada feed the displaced children. Rusch also played a minor role in ushering in the McCarthy era in America, providing anti-Communist intelligence to his superiors and helping defend the army and his boss, General Charles A. Willoughby, against charges that Willoughby’s operatives smeared an American citizen as a Communist agent.
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"cepts, or sermoned at large, as they vse, then thus clowdily enwrapped in Allegoricall deuises. But such, me seeme, should be satisfide with the vse of these dayes, seeing all things accounted by their showes, and nothing esteemed of, that is not delightfull and pleasing to commune sence. For this cause is Xenophon preferred before Plato, for that the one in the exquisite depth of his iudgement, formed a Commune welth such as it should be, but the other in the person of Cyrus and the Persians fashioned a gouernement such as might best be: So much more profitable and gratious is doctrine by ensample, then by rule. So haue I laboured to doe in the person of Arthure: whome I conceiue after his long education by Timon, to whom he was by Merlin deliuered to be brought vp, so soone as he was borne of the Lady Igrayne, to haue seene in a dream or vision the Faery Queen, with whose excellent beauty rauished, he awaking resolued to seeke her out, and so being by Merlin armed, and by Timon throughly instructed, he went to seeke her forth in Faerye land. In that Faery Queene I meane glory in my generall intention, but in my particular I conceiue the most excellent and glorious person of our soueraine the Queene, and her kingdome in Faery land. And yet in some places els, I doe otherwise shadow her. For considering she beareth two persons, the one of a most royall Queene or Empresse, the other of a most vertuous and beautifull Lady, this latter part in some places I doe expresse in Belphœbe, fashioning her name according to your owne excellent conceipt of Cynthia, (Phœbe and Cynthia being both names of Diana.) So in the person of Prince Arthure I sette forth magnificence in particular, which vertue for that (according to Aristotle and the rest) it is the perfection of all the rest, and conteineth in it them all, therefore in the whole course I mention the deedes of Arthure applyable to that vertue, which I write of in that booke. But of the xii. other vertues, I make xii. other knights the patrones, for the more variety of the history: Of which these three bookes contayn three. The first of the knight of the Redcrosse, in whome I expresse Holynes: The seconde of Sir Guyon, in whome I sette forth Temperaunce: The third of Britomartis a Lady knight, in whome I picture Chastity. But because the beginning of the whole worke seemeth abrupte and as depending vpon other antecedents, it needs that ye know the occasion of these three knights seuerall aduentures. For the Methode of a Poet historical is not such, as of an Historiographer. For an Historiographer discourseth of affayres orderly as they were donne, accounting as well the times as the actions, but a Poet thrusteth into the middest, euen where it most concerneth him, and there recoursing to the thinges forepaste, and diuining of thinges to come,." In Spenser: The Faerie Queene, 738. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315834696-125.

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Conference papers on the topic "Best price rule"

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Bohachuk, Andrii R. "Information technology predicting the sale prices of houses in king-county by machine learning methods." In 16th IC Measurement and Control in Complex Systems. Vinnytsia: VNTU, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/mccs2022.16.

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The sale and purchase of the real estate, in particular housing, and houses are extremely important for our life. Most people turn to real estate agencies to realtors in order to purchase quality housing and at the same time at the best price for the buyer. You should rely not only on personal assessment or assessment of third-party experts but also use price prediction systems that, using the features of the house (area, number of floors, location, number of bedrooms, year of construction, etc.), are able to predict its possible price. The report is devoted to the task of improving the accuracy of predicting the sale price of houses in King-County using machine learning methods by creating an information technology for predicting this price. The analysis of sales and purchases of real estate has been carried out, and signs that have an impact on the pricing of houses have been previously proposed. The dataset was selected, and its main features were described, preliminary data cleaning was carried out, exploratory data analysis was carried out, a rule for filtering anomalous values for the selected dataset was proposed, many possible models were selected, they were trained, and the optimal one was selected, the result of the models was presented and analyzed, for comparison the prediction accuracy of similar solutions is given. An optimal LGBM regression model was obtained, and its application made it possible to obtain a prediction accuracy of 0.876, which is more than 0.82, as in the best analog. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the information technology for predicting the sale price of houses in King-County has been further developed using machine learning methods, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of such a prediction compared to analogs.
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Haggiag, Coral, Sigal Oren, and Ella Segev. "Picking the Right Winner: Why Tie-Breaking in Crowdsourcing Contests Matters." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/44.

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We present a complete information game-theoretic model for crowdsourcing contests. We observe that in design contests, coding contests and other domains, separating low quality submissions from high quality ones is often easy. However, pinning down the best submission is more challenging since there is no objective measure. We model this situation by assuming that each contestant has an ability, which we interpret as its probability of submitting a high-quality submission. After the contestants decide whether or not they want to participate, the organizer of the contest needs to break ties between the high quality submissions. A common assumption in the literature is that the exact tie-breaking rule does not matter as long as ties are broken consistently. However, we show that the choice of the tie-breaking rule may have significant implications on the efficiency of the contest. Our results highlight both qualitative and quantitative differences between various deterministic tie-breaking rules. Perhaps counterintuitively, we show that in many scenarios, the utility of the organizer is maximized when ties are broken in favor of successful players with lower ability. Nevertheless, we show that the natural rule of choosing the submission of the successful player with the highest ability guarantees the organizer at least 1/3 of its utility under any tie-breaking rule. To complement these results, we provide an upper bound of Hn ~ \ln(n) on the price of anarchy (the ratio between the social welfare of the optimal solution and the social welfare of the Nash equilibrium). We show that this ratio is tight when ties are broken in favor of players with higher abilities.
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Tufano, Alessandro, Riccardo Accorsi, Andrea Gallo, and Riccardo Manzini. "Simulation in food catering industry. A dashboard of performance indicators." In the 4th International Food Operations and Processing Simulation Workshop. CAL-TEK srl, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2018.foodops.003.

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"Contract catering industry is concerned with the production of ready-to-eat meals for schools, hospitals and private companies. The structure of this market is highly competitive, and customers are rarely willing to pay a high price for this catering service. A single production sites may be demanded up to 10.000 meals per day and these operations can hardly be managed via rule of thumbs without any quantitative decision support tool. This situation is common at several stages of a food supply chain and the methodologies presented in this paper are addressed to any food batch production system with similar complexity and trade-offs. This paper proposes an original KPI dashboard, designed to control costs, time and quality efficiency and helping managers to identify criticalities. Special emphasis is given on food safety control which is the management’s main concern and must be carefully monitored in each stage of the production. To calculate the value of KPIs a Montecarlo simulation approach is used to deal with production complexity and uncertainty. A case study showcases the potential of simulation in this complex industrial field. The case study illustrates an application of the methodology on an Italian company suffering local recipe contamination. The company aims at defining the best standard for production, identifying cycles being sustainable from an economic and environmental point of view."
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Ujjwal, Manu, Gaurav Modi, and Srungeer Simha. "Enhancing Well, Reservoir and Facilities Management WRFM Opportunity Identification with Data Driven Techniques." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205596-ms.

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Abstract A key to successful Well, Reservoir and Facilities Management (WRFM) is to have an up-to-date opportunity funnel. In large mature fields, WRFM opportunity identification is heavily dependent on effective exploitation of measured & interpreted data. This paper presents a suite of data driven workflows, collectively called WRFM Opportunity Finder (WOF), that generates ranked list of opportunities across the WRFM opportunity spectrum. The WOF was developed for a mature waterflooded asset with over 500 active wells and over 30 years of production history. The first step included data collection and cleanup using python routines and its integration into an interactive visualization dashboard. The WOF used this data to generate ranked list of following opportunity types: (a) Bean-up/bean-down candidates (b) Watershut-off candidates (c) Add-perf candidates (d) PLT/ILT data gathering candidates, and (e) well stimulation candidates. The WOF algorithms, implemented using python, largely comprised of rule-based workflows with occasional use of machine learning in intermediate steps. In a large mature asset, field/reservoir/well reviews are typically conducted area by area or reservoir by reservoir and is therefore a slow process. It is challenging to have an updated holistic overview of opportunities across the field which can allow prioritization of optimal opportunities. Though the opportunity screening logic may be linked to clear physics-based rules, its maturation is often difficult as it requires processing and integration of large volumes of multi-disciplinary data through laborious manual review processes. The WOF addressed these issues by leveraging data processing algorithms that gathered data directly from databases and applied customized data processing routines. This led to reduction in data preparation and integration time by 90%. The WOF used workflows linked to petroleum engineering principles to arrive at ranked lists of opportunities with a potential to add 1-2% increment in oil production. The integrated visualization dashboard allowed quick and transparent validation of the identified opportunities and their ranking basis using a variety of independent checks. The results from WOF will inform a range of business delivery elements such as workover & data gathering plan, exception-based-surveillance and facilities debottlenecking plan. WOF exploits the best of both worlds - physics-based solutions and data driven techniques. It offers transparent logic which are scalable and replicable to a variety of settings and hence has an edge over pure machine learning approaches. The WOF accelerates identification of low capex/no-capex opportunities using existing data. It promotes maximization of returns on already made investments and hence lends resilience to business in the low oil price environment.
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Agarwal, Mukul. "Near-Optimal Mixing Allocation for Traded Products and Prices." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20566.

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Modern flour mills continuously mix up to 80 intermediate flour streams into 3–6 final streams, whereby each intermediate stream can be allocated to only one final stream. All streams are characterized by several intensive properties and a yield. The decision for mixing allocation involves maximizing the total sale value of all final streams, such that each of them corresponds, with respect to its property ranges, to a flour that can be sold on the trade market. The decision must thereby respect any constraints on the allocation variable and on the yields of the final streams. In this work, a tool is developed that automatically performs the discrete optimization for the allocation problem and outputs the best mixing decision for the given situation. Using heuristics-based optimization, the tool respects all constraints, selects the most lucrative combination from all possible traded flours, and determines the allocation of each intermediate stream to one of the selected traded flours. The optimization method can accommodate nonlinear mixing rules. The tool can trivially be extended to other mixing allocation problems, e.g., to select input streams with minimal total cost to mix to a single output stream with specified property and yield ranges.
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Nagarajaiah, Vinayaka, Nilotpal Banerjee, B. S. Ajay Kumar, and Kumar K. Gowda. "Effect of Blade Deflection Angles, Pressure Drop, Flow and Work Co-Efficients on Stage Performance of a Gas Turbine Shrouded HP Compressor Blade." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59328.

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In this paper a methodology for stage performance analysis of an axial flow compressor is carried out. A 1D/2D simulation based on Aero-thermodynamics is used to study the on and off-design performance of the HP compressor. Performance curves are obtained by changing the performance parameters in terms of design parameters like blade deflection angles, pressure drop, flow and work co-efficient’s, diffusion factor, solidity and Mach number. Results show the effect of diffusion factor on increasing efficiency than that of solidity and also the effect of both diffusion factor and solidity in increasing the amount of compression and compressor efficiency. Highest efficiency was found at the mean line between the root and tip of the blade. Best compressor efficiency is found at outlet metal angle in the range 51° to 55°. It was found that at hot section, HP compressor blades typically fail because of creep. Creep occurred as components are operated under high stresses and temperature over a time period. As per thumb rule (>15°C), i.e 20°C to 25°C increase in blade temperature if observed cuts creep life by 50%. Creep strain is of prime importance, because it leads to progressive reduction of rotor tip clearances causing axial and radial blade tip rubs, calling for fixity of shrouds at the rotor HP blade tip. Creep behavior in rotor HP blades are analyzed effectively by use of Industrial best practice like Larson Miller Parameter diagram.
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Melet, Arthur. "Post-Investment Reviews of Oil and Gas Projects: Methodology, Lessons Learnt, and Limitations." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207601-ms.

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Abstract Objectives/scope Discuss the analytical framework created by ADNOC for the implementation of post-investment reviews (PIR) of previous capital projects, and present an overview of both the results, the lessons learnt and the limitations of such exercises, based on ADNOC's return of experience on PIRs. Without sharing confidential project information, the article will focus on providing actionable insights on ADNOC's chosen approach for PIRs, including best practices in terms of data and stakeholder management. Methods, procedures, process The overall approach can be summarized as follows: Project choice: what are the tangible criteria to be used to focus PIRs on the capital projects with the highest potential in terms of learning opportunity? Data collection: what are the minimum data requirements to conduct a PIR for an O&G project? Variance analysis: what rules need to be followed to be able to generate two economics models (initial vs updated) that can be compared? Root cause analysis: how to organize the analysis process to explain the identified variances? Results, observations, conclusions PIRs can play an important role in the continuous improvement of O&G companies’ operations at the pre-investment stage, capital investment stage, and operation stage: At the investment stage, a PIR can provide insights into the effectiveness of the decision-making and, specifically, help to identify improvement areas in the valuation (project economics), assumptions, risk management, and decision-making processes. At the execution stage, PIRs can be useful to quantify the impact of project delays and cost overruns on the overall project economics, and associate such variances with the relevant underlying causes. At the operation stage, PIRs be useful to quantify the impact of OPEX, production, and price variances (actual – forecast) on overall project economics, and associate such variances with the relevant underlying causes. Limitations of PIRs Uncertainty on what projects are likely to yield the best learning opportunities. Subjectivity: PIRs are partly subjective, as the results are largely dependent on data availability and methodological choices. Applicability of recommendations and acceptance from key stakeholders
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Kozar, Vladimir. "OSTVARIVANjE ZALOŽNIH PRAVA U STEČAJNOM POSTUPKU IZ VREDNOSTI OPTEREĆENE IMOVINE." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.929k.

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The article analyzes the legal provisions, legal practice, as well as the opinions of jurisprudence on creditors with rights to separate settlement and pledge creditors as two special categories of secured creditors. The opening of bankruptcy proceedings over the owner of the real estate under the mortgage or of the movable property under pledge has a significant impact on the process of exercising rights and the position of secured creditors. The bankruptcy legal framework in the Republic of Serbia, on the one hand, limits their rights, and on the other hand, provides significant guarantees, by prescribing more specific institutes that further improve the position of secured creditors in the sale of encumbered assets of the bankruptcy debtor, which is the subject of this paper. First of all, the rules that condition the leasing of the encumbered asset of the bankruptcy debtor with the consent of creditors with rights to separate settlement and pledge creditors are considered. Also, the influence of the moratorium on the realization of liens by settling claims from the value of encumbered asset is presented, as a possibility of abrogation of the legal prohibition of individual execution. The procedure of the realization of the preemptive right on the subject of the right to seek separate settlement and on the subject of lien, in the case of the method of sale by direct agreement, as well as the application of the credit bidding institute (possibility for the creditor to offset his secured claim with the purchase price, in case he is the best bidder), have been explained.
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Mackie, Elizabeth, and Jørg Aarnes. "Role of Third-Party Certification and Verification for Geological Storage (and EOR) Projects." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210834-ms.

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Abstract For the rapid deployment of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS), a couple of key requirements are essential. These include a long-term price for carbon, established rules and regulations, public acceptance, and an enabling environment for hub style developments. Where regulations are immature or where public confidence in the technology is low, third-party certification can help support and expedite deployment. Certification or verification can be done against international standards such as ISO27914:2017 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage — Geological storage and ISO 27916:2019 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage — Carbon dioxide storage using enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). These standards represent an international consensus on the requirements for the safe and effective storage of CO2 in geological formations. Certification and verification can support: Building trust with a range of public and private stakeholder; demonstrating that international best practice has been adopted particularly in regions where CO2 is being stored for the first time. Government and the regulators with assurance that an independent third party has reviewed CO2 storage plans for their projects and confirmed their alignment with the most comprehensive international standard. ISO 27914 and ISO 27916 together with other industry guidelines can support CCS project development and permitting and approval especially in locations where CCUS regulation are immature or absent. Attracting partners to the project: certification will provide an additional level of confidence in the work performed. Compliance with EU Sustainable Taxonomy / license to operate, e.g., for a non-EU supplier that wishes to export a carbon intense product offset by carbon storage activities. The EU Sustainable Taxonomy requires that carbon storage site(s) comply with the ISO 27914. Certification can be mapped to all stages of a CO2 storage and EOR project lifecycle. We will present examples where third-party certification and verification against international standards has helped support project development and deployment.
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Conte, Enrico, and Camille Pedretti. "Thermo-Economic Optimization of the CCPP Design With Supplementary Firing Considering Off-Design Performance and Operating Profile." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45550.

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This paper presents the latest developments of a methodology for the initial design of the water/steam cycle in combined-cycle power plants, which aims at delivering optimal designs from an operator’s perspective. To this end, an evolutionary algorithm optimization toolbox is coupled to a process model of the water/steam cycle. The process model requires the definition of a number of boundary conditions (like GT type and ambient conditions) and the selection of the cycle configuration (number of pressure levels, single or double reheat, supplementary firing, heat integration with GT coolers, fuel gas preheating, steam extraction from the steam turbine and type of cold end, among others). Based on a number of thermodynamic parameters assigned by the optimizer, the process model derives an initial dimensioning and/or selection of the key components and systems from the OEM’s portfolio: HRSG (full, geometry-based technical dimensioning), piping, steam turbines, condenser and generator, among others. For each of those, realistic designs are ensured by checking and enforcing the component design rules. Finally, performance and cost are derived. In the latest development, the process model computes the plant performance in a number of off-design conditions, specified in a plant operating profile. These may include different ambient conditions, GT loads, power augmentation (e.g. supplementary firing, inlet fogging and evaporative cooling) and steam exports (e.g. to district heating, desalination plant, carbon capture system) or imports (e.g. from a solar field). The cost of electricity (CoE), net present value (NPV) or average efficiency of the plant design in the given operating profile is the feedback to the optimization algorithm. This guides the process towards the definition of a plant design that gives the best thermo-economic performance under the specified economic boundary conditions and operating scenario. In a typical example, an air-cooled peaking plant needs to be optimized to maximize NPV in an operating scenario characterized by large spikes of the electricity price in hot summer days, during which the plant operator wants to use supplementary firing to boost power production. The described methodology is applied to find the most advantageous dimensions of the supplementary firing to be installed and the right HRSG design pressure at design conditions, ensuring that all design rules and technical limits are respected in all operating conditions. In this way, an optimal point is found in the trade-off between amount of supplementary firing and dimensions of HRSG and air-cooled condenser, delivering the highest possible benefit to the plant operator.
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