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Renesto, Silvio, Giorgio Binelli, and Hans Hagdorn. "A new pachypleurosaur from the Middle Triassic Besano Formation of Northern Italy." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 271, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0077-7749/2014/0382.
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Neuman, Andrew G., and Raoul J. Mutter. "Helmolepis cyphognathus, sp. nov., a new platysiagid actinopterygian from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation (British Columbia, Canada)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e04-096.
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A new species of stem actinopterygian, Helmolepis cyphognatus sp. nov., is reported from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of western Canada (probably Smithian). This taxon differs from the only other known Early Triassic platysiagid, H. gracilis from the Lower Triassic Wordie Creek Formation of East Greenland (Griesbachian), in counts of branchiostegal rays, shape of the maxilla, shape (and possibly counts) of extrascapulars, and the size ratio of major opercular bones. In spite of their overall unfavorable preservation, the numerous available specimens amend our knowledge of the little known genus Helmolepis considerably: it has become evident that the morphology of Helmolepis cyphognatus sp. nov. comes closest to Platysiagum minus (Middle Triassic Besano Formation of central Europe). This study suggests placement of the two genera in the family Platysiagidae. Investigation of this new species also shows certain features of the cheek and the caudal fin are more primitive than previously believed, whereas the snout region is probably derived but of yet uncertain affinities in Helmolepis.
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Bindellini, Gabriele, Andrzej S. Wolniewicz, Feiko Miedema, Torsten M. Scheyer, and Cristiano Dal Sasso. "Cranial anatomy of Besanosaurus leptorhynchus Dal Sasso & Pinna, 1996 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Middle Triassic Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio, Italy/Switzerland: taxonomic and palaeobiological implications." PeerJ 9 (May 6, 2021): e11179. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11179.
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Besanosaurus leptorhynchus Dal Sasso & Pinna, 1996 was described on the basis of a single fossil excavated near Besano (Italy) nearly three decades ago. Here, we re-examine its cranial osteology and assign five additional specimens to B. leptorhynchus, four of which were so far undescribed. All of the referred specimens were collected from the Middle Triassic outcrops of the Monte San Giorgio area (Italy/Switzerland) and are housed in various museum collections in Europe. The revised diagnosis of the taxon includes the following combination of cranial characters: extreme longirostry; an elongate frontal not participating in the supratemporal fenestra; a prominent ‘triangular process’ of the quadrate; a caudoventral exposure of the postorbital on the skull roof; a prominent coronoid (preglenoid) process of the surangular; tiny conical teeth with coarsely-striated crown surfaces and deeply-grooved roots; mesial maxillary teeth set in sockets; distal maxillary teeth set in a short groove. All these characters are shared with the holotype of Mikadocephalus gracilirostris Maisch & Matzke, 1997, which we consider as a junior synonym of B. leptorhynchus. An updated phylogenetic analysis, which includes revised scores for B. leptorhynchus and several other shastasaurids, recovers B. leptorhynchus as a basal merriamosaurian, but it is unclear if Shastasauridae form a clade, or represent a paraphyletic group. The inferred body length of the examined specimens ranges from 1 m to about 8 m. The extreme longirostry suggests that B. leptorhynchus primarily fed on small and elusive prey, feeding lower in the food web than an apex predator: a novel ecological specialisation never reported before the Anisian in a large diapsid. This specialization might have triggered an increase of body size and helped to maintain low competition among the diverse ichthyosaur fauna of the Besano Formation.
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López-Arbarello, Adriana, Toni Bürgin, Heinz Furrer, and Rudolf Stockar. "New holostean fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of the Monte San Giorgio (Canton Ticino, Switzerland)." PeerJ 4 (July 19, 2016): e2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2234.
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The new neopterygian genusTicinolepis, including two new speciesT. longaevaandT. crassidensis described from Middle Triassic carbonate platform deposits of the Monte San Giorgio. The anatomy of this fish shows a mosaic of halecomorph and ginglymodian characters and, thus, the new taxon probably represents a basal holostean. During the latest Anisian to earliest Ladinian the two new species coexisted in the intraplatform basin represented by the uppermost Besano Formation, but onlyT. longaevasp. nov. inhabited the more restricted basin represented by the Ladinian Meride Limestone (except for the Kalkschieferzone). The more widely distributed type species shows interesting patterns of intraspecific variation including ontogenetic changes and morphological variation over time. The second species presents anatomical features that strongly indicate a strictly durophagous diet. The different distribution of the species is interpreted as a result of habitat partitioning and different adaptability to palaeoenvironmental changes.
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Nasello, G., A. C. Robin, C. Reylé, and N. Lagarde. "Study of the thick disc of the Milky Way from a population synthesis model." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S334 (July 2017): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317006846.
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AbstractThe thick disc is a major component of the Milky Way but its epoch of formation and characteristics are still not yet well constrained. The Besançon Galaxy Model (BGM, Robin et al. 2003) is a population synthesis model based on a scenario of formation and evolution of the Galaxy, a star formation history, and a set of stellar evolution models. Thanks to Lagarde et al. (2017), new evolutionary tracks have been introduced into the Besancon Galaxy Model (STAREVOL, Lagarde et al. 2012) to provide global asteroseismic and surface chemical properties along the evolutionary stages. This updated Galaxy model will allow us to constrain the thick disc structure and history using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting method (MCMC). We show preliminary results applying this MCMC method on the 2MASS photometric survey.
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Purnama Dewi, Ni Luh Kadek, I. Made Redana, and I. Wayan Sugita. "DEKONTRUKSI ALASAN MAKNAWI DALAM PENERAPAN AJARAN HIMSA KARMA PADA TRADISI MAJAGA-JAGA DI DESA PAKRAMAN BESANG KAWAN TOHJIWA KECAMATAN KLUNGKUNG KABUPATENKLUNGKUNG (Perspektif Pendidikan Sosio-Religius)." Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 2, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpah.v2i1.459.
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<p><em>Majaga-jaga is a legacy of ancestors who should be preserved. The uniqueness is very visible at the time of execution of the master-guard traditions in the village of Pakraman Besang Kawan Tohjiwa during the ceremony using the means of cattle, cows used in cattle jagiran (male) and without mala (physical defect), the cow must be red. At the time of the ceremony took place cow paraded from the intersection of Agung (Catus Pata) to the north of the temple puseh then in upacarai. The conduct of the drill-keeping ceremony aims to invoke the clarity of the universe and to ward off the mala or disturbance of the bhuta kala.</em></p><p><em>Formulation of problem in this research that is; 1) What is the religious system in the practice of majaga-jaga traditions in Pakraman Village Besang Kawan Tohjiwa, Klungkung Sub-district, Klungkung Regency ?, 2) What is the deconstruction of the meaning of non-violent teachings / himsa karma in the tradition of the majaga-jaga master tradition in Pakraman Village Besang Kawan Tohjiwa, Klungkung Sub-district, Klungkung Regency, and 3) What is the expectation of the non-violent teachings / himsa karma in the majaga-jaga tradition in Pakraman Village Besang Kawan Tohjiwa, in the context of the values of socio-religious education?</em></p><p><em>This research uses three theories namely; religious theory, deconstruction theory, and theory of meaning, in which these three theories will dissect the problem formulation in this study. This research is qualitative, the source of data collected through observation, interview and documentation study. Determination of informants using purposive sampling method.</em></p><p><em>The results of the study are as follows; (1) Implementation of the majaga-jaga traditions in Pakraman Village Besang Kawan Tohjiwa is one of the forms of bhuta yadnya implementation with its facilities and infrastructures. The use of upakara or banten is a supporting or auxiliary facilities that become the main means of cattle. The time and place of the execution is very important, in which case the holding of the majaga-jaga ceremony is sasih karo and the place of execution is the village area with five directions, namely north, south, east, west and center. The ceremony is led by the village stakeholders, especially the stakeholders and the puseh dibanru by other stakeholders and the customary and all the community, (2) Deconstruction of the Meaning of Maknawi Nir Violence / Himsa Karma in Tradition The majaga-jaga in Pakraman Village Besang Kawan Tohjiwa is 1) The Reason of Religious Emotions and 2) Reasons for Preserving Dresta's Village-Based Traditions. (3) Expectation of Socio-religious Education in the guardian-watch tradition in Pakraman Village Besang Kawan Tohjiwa are: 1) Dekrakruksi Based Ahimsa's Teachings, 2) Expectation of Socio-Religious Education which is divided into three namely; a) Expectation of the Non-Violent Teachings of Harmony in Religious Life, b) Expectations on Harmonization in Religious Life, and c) Expectations on the Formation of Behavior / Ethics.</em></p>
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GRIGORIEVA, N. "PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION OF THE CONCEPT SPACE EDUCATION IN THE PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEM OF M. MONTESSORI." Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 1, no. 2 (October 6, 2022): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2022-1-2-81-90.
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The article considers the prerequisites for the creation of the concept of «space education» in the pedagogical system of M. Montessori. The necessity of its introduction into the work practice of preschool institutions of Ukraine is argued. The 21st century education paradigm is aimed at finding such an education system that would teach a person to live and act in accordance with the universal laws of Nature and the Cosmos. The versions of the researchers of the life and scientific work of the Italian teacher are presented regarding the time frame of the appearance of the term «space education», the formation and generalization of the material, which took shape in a separate educational course. The meaning of the concept of «space education» is revealed. It was found out that the work on the formation of the theory took place in stages and lasted for a long time. The influence of the Indian period of M. Montessori's life on the formation of her philosophical and pedagogical views in the last years of her life was studied. The closeness of the ideas and worldview of M. Montessori with the representatives of the Indian intelligentsia of those times – J. Arundale, A. Besant, M. Gandhi, J. Nehru, R. Tagore is traced. They admired her method, were like-minded and belonged to the Theosophical Society, which, as it turned out, actively helped M. Montessori during his stay in India. Attention is focused on a detailed analysis of the philosophical and pedagogical views of A. Besant, M. Gandhi, and R. Tagore. Three conditions are named that contributed to the creation of the concept of «space education» during his stay in India. The indisputable role of Mario Montessori's son and Lena Wickramaratne's student in creating a class of children of various ages (6-12 years old), selection and production of didactic materials, implementation of Maria Montessori's theory of «space education» in practice is emphasized. The publication outlines a topic that needs further research. Key words: M. Montessori's method, humanistic pedagogy, theosophy, cosmic education, preschool age, Indian period.
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Bienaymé, O., J. Leca, and A. C. Robin. "A new dynamically self-consistent version of the Besançon Galaxy model." Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (December 2018): A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833395.
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Context. Dynamically self-consistent galactic models are necessary for analysing and interpreting star counts, stellar density distributions, and stellar kinematics in order to understand the formation and the evolution of our Galaxy. Aims. We modify and improve the dynamical self-consistency of the Besançon Galaxy model in the case of a stationary and axisymmetric gravitational potential. Methods. Each stellar orbit is modelled by determining a Stäckel approximate integral of motion. Generalised Shu distribution functions (DFs) with three integrals of motion are used to model the stellar distribution functions. Results. This new version of the Besançon model is compared with the previous axisymmetric BGM2014 version and we find that the two versions have similar densities for each stellar component. The dynamically self-consistency is improved and can be tested by recovering the forces and the potential through the Jeans equations applied to each stellar distribution function. Forces are recovered with an accuracy better than one per cent over most of the volume of the Galaxy.
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Robin, A. C., C. Reylé, and D. Marshall. "Modelling the Galaxy from survey data." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S248 (October 2007): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308019789.
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AbstractRecent optical and near-infrared surveys have considerably improved our knowledge of galactic structure and galactic evolution. Two ways can be used to infer this knowledge from datasets: either inversing the data to get parameters describing the Galaxy, or using a synthetic approaches to test scenarios of formation and theoretical models for star and galaxy formation and evolution, both approaches being complementary. Using the synthetic approach the Besancon Galaxy model allows to test scenarios for the structure and evolution of the Galaxy by comparing simulations with the survey data. Examples are given using the 2MASS survey. Future uses of astrometric survey data are shown to be able to efficiently constrain the kinematics and dynamics of the Galaxy.
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Mor, R., A. C. Robin, F. Figueras, S. Roca-Fàbrega, and X. Luri. "Gaia DR2 reveals a star formation burst in the disc 2–3 Gyr ago." Astronomy & Astrophysics 624 (April 2019): L1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935105.
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We use Gaia data release 2 (DR2) magnitudes, colours, and parallaxes for stars with G < 12 to explore a parameter space with 15 dimensions that simultaneously includes the initial mass function (IMF) and a non-parametric star formation history (SFH) for the Galactic disc. This inference is performed by combining the Besançon Galaxy Model fast approximate simulations (BGM FASt) and an approximate Bayesian computation algorithm. We find in Gaia DR2 data an imprint of a star formation burst 2–3 Gyr ago in the Galactic thin disc domain, and a present star formation rate (SFR) of ≈1 M⊙/yr. Our results show a decreasing trend of the SFR from 9–10 Gyr to 6–7 Gyr ago. This is consistent with the cosmological star formation quenching observed at redshifts z < 1.8. This decreasing trend is followed by a SFR enhancement starting at ∼5 Gyr ago and continuing until ∼1 Gyr ago which is detected with high statistical significance by discarding the null hypothesis of an exponential SFH with a p-value = 0.002. We estimate, from our best fit model, that about 50% of the mass used to generate stars, along the thin disc life, was expended in the period from 5 to 1 Gyr ago. The timescale and the amount of stellar mass generated during the SFR enhancement event lead us to hypothesise that its origin, currently under investigation, is not intrinsic to the disc. Thus, an external perturbation is needed for its explanation. Additionally, for the thin disc we find a slope of the IMF of α3 ≈ 2 for masses M > 1.53 M⊙ and α2 ≈ 1.3 for the mass range between 0.5 and 1.53 M⊙. This is the first time that we consider a non-parametric SFH for the thin disc in the Besançon Galaxy Model. This new step, together with the capabilities of the Gaia DR2 parallaxes to break degeneracies between different stellar populations, allow us to better constrain the SFH and the IMF.
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Mor, R., A. C. Robin, F. Figueras, and T. Antoja. "BGM FASt: Besançon Galaxy Model for big data." Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (December 2018): A79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833501.
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Aims. We develop a new theoretical framework to generate Besançon Galaxy Model Fast Approximate Simulations (BGM FASt) to address fundamental questions of the Galactic structure and evolution performing multi-parameter inference. As a first application of our strategy we simultaneously infer the initial-mass function (IMF), the star formation history and the stellar mass density in the solar neighbourhood. Methods. The BGM FASt strategy is based on a reweighing scheme, that uses a specific pre-sampled simulation, and on the assumption that the distribution function of the generated stars in the Galaxy can be described by an analytical expression. To evaluate the performance of our strategy we execute a set of validation tests. Finally, we use BGM FASt together with an approximate Bayesian computation algorithm to obtain the posterior probability distribution function of the inferred parameters, by automatically comparing synthetic versus Tycho-2 colour-magnitude diagrams. Results. The validation tests show a very good agreement between equivalent simulations performed with BGM FASt and the standard BGM code, with BGM FASt being ∼104 times faster. From the analysis of the Tycho-2 data we obtain a thin-disc star formation history decreasing in time and a present rate of 1.2 ± 0.2 M ⊙ yr−1. The resulting total stellar volume mass density in the solar neighbourhood is 0.051−0.005+0.002 M⊙ pc−3 and the local dark matter density is 0.012 ± 0.001 M ⊙ pc−3. For the composite IMF, we obtain a slope of α2 = 2.1−0.3+0.1 in the mass range between 0.5 M⊙ and 1.53 M⊙. The results of the slope at the high-mass range are trustable up to 4 M⊙ and highly dependent on the choice of extinction map (obtaining α3 = 2.9−0.2+0.2 and α3 = 3.7−0.2+0.2, respectively, for two different extinction maps). Systematic uncertainties coming from model assumptions are not included. Conclusions. The good performance of BGM FASt demonstrates that it is a very valuable tool to perform multi-parameter inference using Gaia data releases.
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Mahut, Nathalie, Jean-Francis Gréhaigne, and Roger Guillon. "Une approche systémique d'un procès de formation. La formation des maîtres d'éducation physique à Besançon et à Dijon." Recherche & Formation 19, no. 1 (1995): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/refor.1995.1268.
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Ding, H., B. Q. Chen, H. R. Liu, C. Y. Zhang, P. Gao, and X. Y. Lu. "On the contact-line pinning in cavity formation during solid–liquid impact." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 783 (October 26, 2015): 504–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.574.
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We investigate the cavity formation during the impact of spheres and cylinders into a liquid pool by using a combination of experiments, simulations and theoretical analysis, with particular interest in contact-line pinning and its relation with the subsequent cavity evolution. The flows are simulated by a Navier–Stokes diffuse-interface solver that allows for moving contact lines. On the basis of agreement on experimentally measured quantities such as the position of the pinned contact line and the interface shape, we investigate flow details that are not accessible experimentally, identify the interface regions in the cavity formation and examine the geometric effects of impact objects. We connect wettability, inertia, geometry of the impact object, interface bending and contact-line position with the contact-line pinning by analysing the force balance at a pinned meniscus, and the result compares favourably with those from simulations and experiments. In addition to adjusting the interface bending, the object geometry also has a significant effect on the magnitude of low pressure in the liquid and the occurrence of flow separation. As a result, it is easier for an object with sharp edges to generate a cavity than a smooth object. A theoretical model based on the Rayleigh–Besant equation is developed to provide a quantitative description of the radial expansion of the cavity after the pinning of the contact line. The accuracy of the solution is greatly affected by the geometrical information on the interface connected to the pinned meniscus, showing the dependence of the global cavity dynamics on the local flows around the pinned contact line. Vertical ripple propagation on the cavity wall is found to follow the dispersion relation for the perturbation evolution on a hollow jet.
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Lagarde, Nadège, A. C. Robin, and C. Reylé. "Can we really use chemical properties of red-giant stars as age indicators?" Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S334 (July 2017): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317006974.
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AbstractThe cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency, Gaia, together with forthcoming complementary surveys (CoRoT, Kepler, K2, APOGEE and Gaia-ESO), will revolutionize our understanding of the formation and history of our Galaxy, providing accurate stellar masses, radii, ages, distances, as well as chemical properties for a very large sample of stars across different Galactic stellar populations. Using improved population synthesis approach and new stellar evolution models we attempt to evaluate the possibility to derive ages of clump stars from their chemical properties. A new version of the Besançon Galaxy models (BGM) is used in which new stellar evolutionary tracks are computed from the stellar evolution code STAREVOL. The effects of mixing on chemical composition of the stellar photosphere has a significant impact on the determined stellar age from the observed [C/N] ratio. We clearly show that transport processes occurring in red-giant stars should be taken into account in the determination of ages for future Galactic archaeology studies.
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Lagarde, Nadège, and Céline Reylé. "New population synthesis approach: The golden path to constrain stellar and galactic physics." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S357 (October 2019): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320001003.
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AbstractThe cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency, Gaia, has revealed properties of 260 000 white dwarfs in the Galaxy, allowing us for the first time to constrain the evolution of white dwarfs with a large sample. Complementary surveys (CoRoT, Kepler, K2, APOGEE and Gaia-ESO), will revolutionize our understanding of the formation and history of our Galaxy, providing accurate stellar masses, radii, ages, distances, and chemical properties for very large samples of stars across different Galactic stellar populations. To exploit the potential of the combination of spectroscopic, seismic and astrometric observations, the population synthesis approach is a very crucial and efficient tool. We develop the Besançon Galaxy model (BGM, Lagarde et al.2017) for which stellar evolution predictions are included, providing the global asteroseismic properties and the surface chemical abundances along the evolution of low- and intermediate-mass stars. For the first time, the BGM can explore the effects of an extra-mixing occurring in red-giant stars Lagarde et al.2019, changing their stellar properties. The next step is to model a consistent treatment of giant stars and their remnants (e.g., white dwarfs). This kind of improvement would help us to constrain stellar and Galactic evolutions.
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Ardiansyah, Buyung, Dwi Purnanto, and Agus Hari Wibowo. "Gaya Bahasa Berbentuk Metafora Konseptual dalam Novel Garis Waktu Karya Fiersa Besari." ATAVISME 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v23i1.629.117-133.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas klasifikasi domain sumber pada pembentukan metafora konseptual dan menjelaskan berbagai fungsinya terhadap narasi cerita maupun pembaca. Sumber data penelitian adalah novel Garis Waktu (2016) karya Fiersa Besari. Data penelitian ialah kalimat yang mengandung pembentukan metafora konseptual. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pemerolehan data melalui relevances sampling. Pendekatan teori menggunakan penentuan klasifikasi domain sumber metafora konseptual dan strukturalisme kesusastraan. Metode analisis menggunakan metode analisis isi, introspektif, dan padan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan metafora konseptual oleh seorang penulis dalam karyanya memiliki berbagai fungsi. Berbagai fungsi pembentukan metafora konseptual yang dijumpai ialah memberikan nilai filosofis, menampilkan estetika berbahasa, memperkuat dan memperdalam makna yang terkandung, memperluas konsep makna, menghindari kebosanan dan kejenuhan pada diksi, memberikan gambaran fisik terhadap entitas abstrak, memberikan makna yang tersirat, menyederhanakan istilah terhadap konsep yang kompleks, serta memperjelas unsur ekspresif perasaan tokoh. Konsep makna yang merujuk pada pengklasifikasian domain sumber ditemukan sebanyak 14 klasifikasi.[Figurative Language in the Form of Conceptual Metaphor in Fiersa Besaris Novel of Garis Waktu] The research aims to discuss the classifications of source domains in the construction of conceptual metaphor and describe their functions for the story narrations and readers. The researchs data are sentences that have the construction of conceptual metaphors. The approach of the research was descriptive qualitative and relevance sampling was the data collection method. The theoretical approach used was the source domain classifications and structuralism. Data were analysed with content analysis, identity method, and introspective method. The result of the study showed that the constructions of conceptual metaphor by a writer in their content of story have many functions. The functions of conceptual metaphor formations include providing the philosophical value, showing the aesthetic of language, strengthening meaning, expanding the meaning concept, avoiding the boredom of diction, giving the physical perception of an abstract entity, giving hidden meaning, simplifying expressions of complex meaning, and showing the emotion of the characters feeling. The perspective of concept as the comparison in the conceptual metaphor could be understood as a source domain. There were 14 classifications of source domain found in the novel of Garis Waktu.Keywords: conceptual metaphor; source domain; classifications of source domain
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Othman, Irma Wani, Mohd Azri Ibrahim, Mohd Sohaimi Esa, Romzi Ationg, Saifulazry Mokhtar, Budi Anto Mohd Tamring, and Sharifah Darmia Sharif Adam. "LEGAL SYNONYMOUS LITERACY INDEPENDENCE OF STUDENTS’ IDENTITY IN A CAMPUS POLITICAL LANDSCAPE: THE DRIVE OF ENTHUSIASTIC YOUNG GENERATION WITH A HIGH CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 23 (April 30, 2021): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.6230015.
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The political fight of the younger generation in Malaysia has evolved since the country achieved independence on 31st August 1957. For the past 10 years, legal literacy and students’ participation in the campus of the political landscape has given birth to an enthusiastic young generation with high leadership charisma, especially in developing countries such as Malaysia. The two main objectives of this study are, namely (i) to unravel the interpretation of positive values, spirit, and identity, when students are exposed to the ability to increase independence in the context of campus political participation, and (ii) examines the continued success contribution of big-hearted and high-charismatic students of leadership in the political development aspects of the country at the present time. The research modus operandi was implemented by utilising qualitative methods of in-depth interviews with 24 students from legal studies programs from four Malaysian Public Universities. The results of the study were through a selection of interviews of respondents which found that the pattern of students’ participation in the campus political landscape, if outlined with certain objectives, successfully serves as a medium to voice wishes and concerns on issues related to the community in higher institutions. However, the involvement in the political arena by students is subjected to the bill which has been enshrined in the Universities and University Colleges Acts 1971 (AUKU 1971), the Private Higher Education Institutions Act 1996, and the Educational Institutions (Discipline) Acts 1976. Two new findings were presented, namely (i) the political freedom given to students in this country should be utilised well, especially in producing enthusiastic young people, and (ii) political freedom is seen to be able to help shape aspects of leadership, especially at the university level and those who are charismatic and credible can drive the formation of the country in a better direction regardless of political, economic and social.
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Cabral, N., N. Lagarde, C. Reylé, A. Guilbert-Lepoutre, and A. C. Robin. "Chemical composition of planet building blocks as predicted by stellar population synthesis." Astronomy & Astrophysics 622 (January 24, 2019): A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833750.
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Context. Future space missions (TESS, CHEOPS, PLATO, and the JWST) will considerably improve our understanding of the formation and history of planetary systems by providing accurate constraints on planetary radius, mass, and atmospheric composition. Currently, observations show that the presence of planetary companions is closely linked to the metallicity and the chemical abundances of the host stars. Aims. We aim to build an integrated tool for predicting the planet building blocks (PBBs) composition as a function of the stellar populations to interpret ongoing and future large surveys. The different stellar populations we observe in our Galaxy are characterized by different metallicities and α-element abundances. We here investigate the trends of the expected PBBs composition with the chemical abundance of the host star in different parts of the Galaxy. Methods. We synthesized stellar populations with the Besançon galaxy model, which includes stellar evolutionary tracks that are computed with the stellar evolution code STAREVOL. We integrated a previously published simple stoichiometric model into this code to determine the expected composition of the PBBs. Results. We determine the expected PBB composition around FGK stars for the four galactic populations (thin and thick disks, halo, and bulge) within the Milky Way. Our solar neighborhood simulations are in good agreement with the recent results obtained with the HARPS survey for firon, fw, and the heavy element mass fraction fZ. We present evidence of a clear dependence of firon and fw on the initial alpha abundances [α/Fe] of the host star. We find that the different initial [α/Fe] distributions in the different galactic populations lead to a bimodal distribution of PBB composition. Our simulations show an iron valley that separates PBBs with high and low iron mass fractions and a water valley that separates PBBs with high and low water mass fractions. Conclusions. We linked host star abundances and expected PBB composition in an integrated model of the Galaxy. The trends we derive are an important step for statistical analyses of expected planet properties. In particular, internal structure models may use these results to derive statistical trends of rocky planet properties, constrain habitability, and prepare an interpretation of ongoing and future large-scale surveys of exoplanets.
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Brignon, Arnaud. "Nouvelles données historiques sur les premiers dinosaures trouvés en France." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 189, no. 1 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2018003.
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Cet article passe en revue les premières découvertes de dinosaures faites en France avant que le terme Dinosauria n’ait été introduit par Richard Owen en 1842. En mettant à part les premières découvertes du théropode Streptospondylus altdorfensis faites au XVIIIe siècle par Charles Bacheley dans le Jurassique des Vaches Noires, les principaux résultats démontrés ici sont les suivants (par ordre chronologique) : 1) les premiers restes de dinosaures (dents de théropodes) du Calcaire de Caen (Bathonien) furent collectés par Arcisse de Caumont dans les carrières de Quilly en, ou avant, avril 1826 et la première mention de cette découverte fut publiée en 1827 ; 2) les restes de théropode que William Buckland avait observés en octobre 1826 dans le Cabinet d’Histoire naturelle de Besançon furent signalés dans une publication dès 1830 ; 3) la première mention à un dinosaure du Jurassique supérieur du Boulonnais fut longtemps considérée avoir été celle faite par Constant Prévost en 1839. Des dents d’un théropode et d’un dinosaure herbivore furent, semble-t-il, découvertes dans ces formations par Eugène Robert en automne 1833. Une autre dent de théropode, celle-ci identifiable de manière incontestable, fut collectée en, ou avant, juillet 1835 par Bruno Marmin comme en atteste une lettre inédite à Jules Desnoyers ; 4) Le genre Poekilopleuron Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1836 et son espèce type P. bucklandii Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1836, du Calcaire de Caen (Bathonien moyen), ont été créés de manière valide en 1836 ; 5) l’humérus de sauropode découvert dans le Crétacé supérieur de la plaine de Lisle près de Périgueux et figuré par Paul Gervais en 1852 fut donné au Muséum d’Histoire naturelle à Paris par un certain Simon Bornet en 1841 ; 6) l’humérus de sauropode du grès vert (Albien) de Bédoin près du mont Ventoux, décrit par Gervais en 1852 sous le nom d’Aepisaurus elephantinus, fut découvert par Prosper Renaux en 1841. Ce dernier effectua des dessins du spécimen à partir desquels une lithographie restée inédite fut réalisée. Renaux est ainsi le premier à avoir découvert et étudié un dinosaure, authentifié de manière incontestable, dans le Crétacé provençal. Les affinités de cet os avec les genres Megalosaurus et Iguanodon furent reconnues par Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville dès 1842.
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Yang, Ming, Alceste Z. Bonanos, Biwei Jiang, Man I. Lam, Jian Gao, Panagiotis Gavras, Grigoris Maravelias, et al. "Evolved massive stars at low-metallicity." Astronomy & Astrophysics 647 (March 2021): A167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039596.
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We present a case study in which we used a novel method to identify red supergiant (RSG) candidates in NGC 6822 based on their 1.6 μm H-bump. We collected 32 bands of photometric data for NGC 6822 ranging from the optical to the mid-infrared, derived from Gaia, PS1, LGGS, VHS, UKIRT, IRSF, HAWK-I, Spitzer, and WISE. Using the theoretical spectra from MARCS, we demonstrate that there is a prominent difference around 1.6 μm (H-bump) between targets with high and low surface gravity (HSG and LSG). Taking advantage of this feature, we identify efficient color–color diagrams of rzH (r − z vs. z − H) and rzK (r − z vs. z − K) to separate HSG (mostly foreground dwarfs) and LSG targets (mainly background red giant stars, asymptotic giant branch stars, and RSGs) from crossmatching of optical and near-infrared (NIR) data. Moreover, synthetic photometry from ATLAS9 gives similar results. We further separated RSG candidates from the remaining LSG candidates as determined by the H-bump method by using semi-empirical criteria on NIR color–magnitude diagrams, where both the theoretic cuts and morphology of the RSG population are considered. This separation produced 323 RSG candidates. The simulation of foreground stars with Besançon models also indicates that our selection criteria are largely free from the contamination of Galactic giants. In addition to the H-bump method, we used the traditional BVR method (B − V vs. V − R) as a comparison and/or supplement by applying a slightly aggressive cut to select as many RSG candidates as possible (358 targets). Furthermore, the Gaia astrometric solution was used to constrain the sample, where 181 and 193 targets were selected with the H-bump and BVR method, respectively. The percentages of selected targets in the two methods are similar at ∼60%, indicating a comparable accuracy of the two methods. In total, there are 234 RSG candidates after combining targets from the two methods, and 140 (∼60%) of them are in common. The final RSG candidates are in the expected locations on the mid-infrared color–magnitude diagram with [3.6]−[4.5] ≲ 0 and J − [8.0] ≈ 1.0. The spatial distribution is also coincident with the far-ultraviolet-selected star formation regions, suggesting that the selection is reasonable and reliable. We indicate that our method can also be used to identify other LSG targets, such as red giants and asymptotic giant branch stars, and it can also be applied to most of the nearby galaxies by using recent large-scale ground-based surveys. Future ground- and space-based facilities may promote its application beyond the Local Group.
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Horne, David. "OCEAN CIRCULATION MODES OF THE PHANEROZOIC: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ANTIQUITY OF DEEP-SEA BENTHONIC INVERTEBRATES." Crustaceana 72, no. 8 (1999): 999–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503906.
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AbstractIt has been suggested that some modern anchialine cave invertebrates originated from deepsea ancestors of considerable antiquity (>100 million years). An alternative view is that such taxa could not have a long bathyal/abyssal history because of extended periods of anoxia in the oceans during the Mesozoic and Cainozoic, and that consequently their ancestors should be sought among shallow-water fauna. In order to assist in the evaluation of these opposing hypotheses, the Phanerozoic record of oxygen-deficient conditions in the water column is reviewed, with special regard for postulated ''anoxic events'' as a causative mechanism for major changes in biodiversity (e.g., mass extinctions). A key issue is the relative importance, through the Phanerozoic, of two types of deep ocean circulation: Halothermal Circulation (HTC), involving the formation of Warm Saline Deep Water (WSDW) in the tropics, promotes anoxia, while Thermohaline Circulation (THC), characterized by Cold Deep Water (CDW) formed at high latitudes, ventilates the deep ocean. Particular attention is paid to the evidence of the mid-Cretaceous Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event. The (apparently) widely accepted view that the deep ocean was mainly anoxic until about 40 million years ago (the time of origin of the modern psychrosphere) is challenged. Evidence from the deep-ocean record of bioturbated sediments suggests that there has been a Cold Deep Water component in ocean circulation for at least the last 90 million years (mid-Cretaceous onwards) and possibly throughout the Phanerozoic. This conclusion has important implications for hypotheses about the antiquity of deep-ocean benthonic invertebrate faunas. Es wurde vorgeschlagen, dass moderne, anchialine Hohleninvertebraten von Tiefseeformen bedeutenden Alters (>100 Millionen Jahre) abstammen. Eine alternative Ansicht besagt, dass solche Taxa aufgrund ausgedehnter, anoxischer Perioden im Mesozoikum und Kanozoikum keine besonders lange bathyale/abyssale Geschichte haben k onnen. Ihre Vorfahren solten daher bei Flachwasserformen gesucht werden. Um zur Evaluierung dieser gegensatzlichen Hypothesen beizutragen, werden Indizien fur sauerstoffarme Verhaltnisse in der Wassersaule wahrend des Phanerozoikums einer neuen Begutachtung unterzogen, mit bezonderer Berucksichtigung postulierter ''anoxischer Ereignisse'' als kausalem Mechanismus fur grossere Anderungen in der Biodiversitat (z. B. Massen-Aussterben). Ein Schlusselfaktor ist die relative Bedeutung zweier Typen von Tiefsee-Zirkulationen wahrend des Phanerozoikums. Die halothermale Zirkulation (Halothermal Curculation, HTC), die zur Bildung warmen, salinen Tiefenwassers (Warm Saline Deep Water, WSDW) in den Tropen fuhrt, fordert Anoxie, wahrend die thermohaline Zirkulation (Thermohaline Circulation, THC), charakterisiert durch in hohen Breiten gebildetes, kaltes Tiefenwasser (Cold Deep Water, CDW) die Tiefsee ventiliert. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Ereignisse an der Cenoman-Turon-Grenze (Mittlere Kreide) gelegt. Die (offensichtlich) weithin akzeptierte Ansicht, dass die Tiefsee bis vor 40 Millionen Jahren grossteils anoxisch war (der Ursprungszeitpunkt der modernen Psychrosphare), wird in Frage gestellt. Hinweise auf durch Bioturbation gestorte TiefseeSedimente lassen vermuten, dass eine kalte Tiefenwasser-Komponente bei den Meereszirkulationen seit mindestens 90 Millionen Jahren (seit der mittleren Kreide), und moglicherweise wahrend des gesamten Phanerozoikums, existiert hat. Diese Schlussfolgerung hat wichtige Auswirkungen auf Hypothesen uber das Alter der benthischen Tiefsee-Evertebratenfauna.
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Maddens, Stephane, Eric Petitprost, Isabelle Bardey, Christian Lamy, Francine Garnache, Philippe Saas, Jacqueline Chabod, and Valerie Lapierre. "Quality Assurance Improvement during Accreditation Process of a French Cord Blood Bank: FACT No Fiction." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5284.5284.
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Abstract The Cord Blood Banks (CBB) wishing to be affiliated to NETCORD must demonstrate that they adopted the Fact-Netcord standards for collection, processing, quality control testing, storage, selection and release for their cord blood units (CBU). The best way to provide these assurances is to obtain FACT accreditation label. The Besancon Cord Blood Bank initiated this quality approach in January 2004 and was inspected on-site in June 2004.Initial internal audits revealed major deficiencies in specific Quality Management areas and the lack of an efficient documentation system together with adequate standard operating procedures and documented validation studies for each step of the process. Adequate labelling, conformity with good transport practices and post-transplantation clinical data recovery were also areas to be improved. Moreover, in order to clarify the different pathways of material, cell products, staff, or wastes, several building works modifications had to be undertaken. Several major improvements were performed during those six months of Fact accreditation project. The Assurance Quality Information System was significantly upgraded to control all the major elements of assurance quality (staff formation, material, premises, alarms, cleaning, records, and quality control testing) by implementing a computerised Oracle-based application. Morover, all documentation was implemented on an intranet network and is now easily accessible to all the staff wherever in the facility. In order to improve the volume of CBU, a weigh-and-mix machine used for blood donor harvesting procedure was tailored for specific CBU collection. To improve the conditions of transport we set up special containers with controlled temperature continuously monitored. Finally, major validation study was performed on a short period, aiming at demonstrating efficiency and reproducibility of the overall CBU process. In brief, eligible mothers, who give their informed consent, are accepted for CB donation after a medical interview. Collection is performed with the placenta in utero. The delay between collection and processing must not exceed 24hrs. CBU volumes are reduced using Sepax© (Biosafe, Switzerland) technology for long-term storage in a Bioarchive© (Thermogenesis, CA, USA). Quality controls include testing maternal blood samples for infectious markers (HIV, HCV, HBV, HTLV, syphilis) and the presence of IGg- and IgM-antibodies against toxoplasmosis, EBV and CMV on the day of birth and after a quarantine period of at least 60 days. No active infectious disease is mandatory. A baby’s clinical examination is performed at the same time point. Microbiological tests on the CBU must be negative. In addition, our CBB requires a minimal collection volume of 80 ml and a minimum of 2 x 106 CD34 cells for CBU qualification. We implemented a systematic cord blood haemoglobin analysis and tested systematically cord blood plasma for viral infection by genomic detection. Finally, our bank obtained its FACT accreditation on May 2nd 2005, validating our strategy. This achievement had a great impact on CBB staff, desiring to maintain and improve their know how. On June 30th 2005, 5045 CBU were registered at French marrow registry and 273 (5%) were transplanted, 142 (52%) in France and 131 (48%) in other countries. This high 5% transplantation rate may be due to the stringent initial quality controls requirements.
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Kastritis, Efstathios, Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Dimitrios Christoulas, Athanasios Papatheodorou, Maria Gkotzamanidou, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, and Evangelos Terpos. "The Role of Angiopoietins System in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia: Correlations with Marrow Microvessel Density and Survival." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3901.3901.
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Abstract Abstract 3901 Angiogenesis is elevated in many hematological malignancies, but there is limited information for angiogenesis in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). Several cytokines including VEGF (and its major angiogenic component VEGF-A), bFGF, angiogenin and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and 2 (Ang-2) participate in the neoangiogenesis process. We have previously shown that circulating angiogenic cytokines correlate with disease severity in WM (Anagnostopoulos et al, Br J Haematol 2007;137:560–8), while it has been reported that the bone marrow (BM) microvessel density (MVD) is increased in 30%-40% of patients with WM (Rajkumar et al, Semin Oncol 2003;30:265–9). The ratio of Ang-1/Ang-2 correlates with survival in multiple myeloma, but there is no information for the prognostic value of the angiopoietins and other angiogenic cytokines in WM. To address this issue, we studied the serum levels of VEGF, VEGF-A, bFGF, angiogenin, Ang-1 and Ang-2 in the serum of 55 patients with symptomatic WM before the administration of any kind of therapy, in 5 patients with asymptomatic WM (AWM), in 12 patients with IgM MGUS and in 30 healthy controls, of similar age and gender. Circulating VEGF, VEGF-A, bFGF, angiogenin, Ang-1 and Ang-2 were measured using ELISA method (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA for VEGF, bFGF, angiogenin, Ang-1 and, Ang-2; Diaclone SAS, Besancon, France for VEGF-A). MVD was also evaluated in the BM biopsies of all patients, according to standard methodology. Table 1 depicts the levels of the studied angiogenic cytokines. The serum levels of VEGF, VEGFA, bFGF, angiogenin and Ang-2 were markedly elevated in WM patients compared to controls (p<0.001 for all comparisons); Ang-1 levels (p<0.01) were lower in WM patients than in controls, and the corresponding Ang-1 to Ang-2 ratio was significantly lower in WM patients than in controls, further indicating an angiogenic shift in WM patients. Circulating angiogenin (p<0.001) and Ang-2 (p=0.001) levels were also increased in WM patients compared to patients with IgM MGUS but Ang-1 levels were lower (p=0.003) resulting in Ang 1/2 ratio significantly higher in IgM MGUS than WM patients (p=0.004). In symptomatic WM patients, Ang-2 levels and the corresponding Ang-1/2 ratio correlated with serum beta2-microglobulin (r=0.454, p=0.002 and r=0.459, p=0.003, respectively). Ang-2 levels correlated with ISSWM stage (1914 ± 1175 pg/ml vs. 4461 ± 2628 pg/ml vs. 3926 ± 2172 pg/ml, for ISSWM-low, intermediate and high risk, respectively, p=0.007). A strong inverse correlation of MVD to Ang-1 was found in patients with WM (r=-0.600, p=0.011), indicative of the regulatory function of Ang-1 as an antagonist of vessel sprouting and new vessel formation. The median follow-up of symptomatic WM patients was 35 months. The median overall survival (OS) has not been reached yet, while the probability for 3-year OS was 76%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 57 months and the 3-year probability of PFS was 56%. Patients with Ang-2 levels above the median value had significantly shorter PFS (3-year PFS rate 82% vs. 50%, p=0.032; Figure). We conclude that in patients with WM, serum levels of several angiogenic cytokines (Ang-2, angiogenin, VEGF, VEGF-A, and bFGF) are markedly elevated and for some of these cytokines there is a correlation with disease features. The levels of pro-angiogenic cytokines, such as Ang-2 increase as disease evolves for IgM MGUS to symptomatic WM, while the Ang-1 decreases. We show that the MVD in the BM strongly correlates to decreasing Ang-1 levels, probably due to the decreasing inhibitory effect of Ang-1 to vessel formation in the BM microenvironment as disease evolves. For the first time we found that Ang-2, may also have a prognostic significance, associated with significantly shorter PFS. Further follow up is needed in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of Ang-2 for the OS of patients with WM Table: Levels of the studied circulating angiogenic cytokines (mean ± SD) Controls IgM MGUS aWM WM VEGF (pg/ml) 106 ± 76 323 ± 217 116 ± 83 399 ± 248 VEGF-A (pg/ml) 6.7 ± 13.6 97.5 ± 94 28.4 ± 49.3 113 ± 113 bFGF (pg/ml) 1.3 ± 3.2 12 ± 14 9.5 ± 16 17 ± 21.6 Angiogenin (pg/ml) 2.4×105 ± 0.5×105 2.7×105 ± 0.8×105 2.8×105 ± 0.7×105 4.5×105 ± 2.1×105 Ang-1 (pg/ml) 4.8×105 ± 1.1×105 4.8×105 ± 1.9×105 2.6×105 ± 1.5×105 2.5×105 ± 2.3×105 Ang-2 (pg/ml) 1747 ± 1023 1783 ± 684 3775 ± 1296 3424 ± 2570 Ang-1/2 ratio 28.1 ± 11.6 31 ± 14 6.5 ± 1.6 14.5 ± 17.7 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Pieroni, Vittorio. "Middle Triassic Nautilida from the Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland." Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 141, no. 1 (December 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00263-1.
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AbstractFor the first time, nautilids from the Besano Formation (Anisian/Ladinian boundary) are documented. The extremely rare material was collected from two different outcrops at Monte San Giorgio (Southern Alps, Ticino, Switzerland). This material is represented by only five specimens described here. The three best specimens belong to the taxa Enoploceras rieberi sp. nov., Germanonautilus aff. ellipticus and Syringonautilus sp. indet., documenting the presence of the families Tainoceratidae and Syringonautilidae in the middle Besano Formation. Another nautilid specimen is described in open nomenclature, representing an additional taxon. The new species Enoploceras rieberi n. sp. is currently the only occurrence of the genus Enoploceras in the Middle Triassic. Nautilida are poorly known from the Middle Triassic Tethyan region, mostly from sediments deposited in pelagic environments. This is the first record of these nautilids from an usually anoxic depositional paleoenvironment of an intra-platform basin, where the sediments of the Besano Formation were laid down.
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Pieroni, Vittorio, and Heinz Furrer. "Middle Triassic gastropods from the Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland." Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 139, no. 1 (February 12, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-019-00201-8.
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BINDELLINI, GABRIELE, and CRISTIANO DAL SASSO. "FIRST SKELETAL REMAINS OF <em>HELVETICOSAURUS</em> FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC ITALIAN OUTCROPS OF THE SOUTHERN ALPS, WITH REMARKS ON AN ISOLATED TOOTH." RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA 128, no. 3 (October 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/17397.
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The enigmatic marine reptile Helveticosaurus zollingeri, from the Middle Triassic Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio, is known from three specimens found in Swiss territory. This paper describes the first skeletal remains of this taxon recovered from the corresponding Italian outcrops of Besano (Varese). An isolated tooth assigned to the same taxon and coming from the San Salvatore Dolomite, Rasa di Varese (Varese), is also redescribed herein. The skeletal remains have been CT scanned to inspect the preserved morphology of the bones hidden below the surface; CT data also allowed the identification of an associated ammonoid which has been crucial to determine the stratigraphic position of the studied material. The redescription of the tooth has been helped by a digital model of the specimen obtained through photogrammetry. With the additional new data obtained from the two specimens, the first skeletal reconstruction of Helveticosaurus is provided. This is followed by a phylogenetic test of the taxon, assessing its position among marine Triassic diapsids. Finally, in the light of recent studies we discuss the swimming mode and the possible ecological niche occupied by the animal: we suggest a distinction between the function of forelimbs and hindlimbs, and a distinction between different swimming styles likely performed by Helveticosaurus, depending on the speed of movements.