Journal articles: 'Berry morphology'

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Luo, Lufeng, Wentao Liu, Qinghua Lu, Jinhai Wang, Weichang Wen, De Yan, and Yunchao Tang. "Grape Berry Detection and Size Measurement Based on Edge Image Processing and Geometric Morphology." Machines 9, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9100233.

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Counting grape berries and measuring their size can provide accurate data for robot picking behavior decision-making, yield estimation, and quality evaluation. When grapes are picked, there is a strong uncertainty in the external environment and the shape of the grapes. Counting grape berries and measuring berry size are challenging tasks. Computer vision has made a huge breakthrough in this field. Although the detection method of grape berries based on 3D point cloud information relies on scanning equipment to estimate the number and yield of grape berries, the detection method is difficult to generalize. Grape berry detection based on 2D images is an effective method to solve this problem. However, it is difficult for traditional algorithms to accurately measure the berry size and other parameters, and there is still the problem of the low robustness of berry counting. In response to the above problems, we propose a grape berry detection method based on edge image processing and geometric morphology. The edge contour search and the corner detection algorithm are introduced to detect the concave point position of the berry edge contour extracted by the Canny algorithm to obtain the best contour segment. To correctly obtain the edge contour information of each berry and reduce the error grouping of contour segments, this paper proposes an algorithm for combining contour segments based on clustering search strategy and rotation direction determination, which realizes the correct reorganization of the segmented contour segments, to achieve an accurate calculation of the number of berries and an accurate measurement of their size. The experimental results prove that our proposed method has an average accuracy of 87.76% for the detection of the concave points of the edge contours of different types of grapes, which can achieve a good edge contour segmentation. The average accuracy of the detection of the number of grapes berries in this paper is 91.42%, which is 4.75% higher than that of the Hough transform. The average error between the measured berry size and the actual berry size is 2.30 mm, and the maximum error is 5.62 mm, which is within a reasonable range. The results prove that the method proposed in this paper is robust enough to detect different types of grape berries.

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Yamamoto, Takanori, and Hide Satoh. "Relationship among Berry Cracking Susceptibility, Berry Morphology and Skin Stress Distribution in Several Grape Cultivars." Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 63, no. 2 (1994): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.63.247.

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Bonhomme, Vincent, Sandrine Picq, Sarah Ivorra, Allowen Evin, Thierry Pastor, Roberto Bacilieri, Thierry Lacombe, Isabel Figueiral, Jean-Frédéric Terral, and Laurent Bouby. "Eco-evo-devo implications and archaeobiological perspectives of trait covariance in fruits of wild and domesticated grapevines." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): e0239863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239863.

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The phenotypic changes that occurred during the domestication and diversification of grapevine are well known, particularly changes in seed morphology, but the functional causes and consequences behind these variations are poorly understood. Wild and domesticate grapes differ, among others, in the form of their pips: wild grapes produce roundish pips with short stalks and cultivated varieties have more elongated pips with longer stalks. Such variations of form are of first importance for archaeobotany since the pip form is, most often, the only remaining information in archaeological settings. This study aims to enlighten archaeobotanical record and grapevine pip development by better understanding how size and shape (co)variates between pip and berry in both wild and domesticated Vitis vinifera. The covariation of berry size, number of seeds per berry (“piposity”), pip size and pip shape were explored on 49 grapevine accessions sampled among Euro-Mediterranean traditional cultivars and wild grapevines. We show that for wild grapevine, the higher the piposity, the bigger the berry and the more elongated the pip. For both wild and domesticated grapevine, the longer is the pip, the more it has a “domesticated” shape. Consequences for archaeobotanical studies are tested and discussed, and these covariations allowed the inference of berry dimensions from archaeological pips from a Southern France Roman site. This systematic exploration sheds light on new aspects of pip-berry relationship, in both size and shape, on grapevine eco-evo-devo changes during domestication, and invites to explore further the functional ecology of grapevine pip and berry and notably the impact of cultivation practices and human selection on grapevine morphology.

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Bondada, Bhaskar, and Markus Keller. "Morphoanatomical Symptomatology and Osmotic Behavior of Grape Berry Shrivel." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no. 1 (January 2012): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.1.20.

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Berry shrivel, a physiological disorder, adversely affects ripening of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries; however, its causes are unknown. We adopted a holistic approach to elucidate symptomatology, morphoanatomy, and osmotic behavior of grape berry shrivel. Berries from healthy and afflicted vines were analyzed compositionally and with various techniques of microscopy. Healthy berries developed all physical and compositional attributes desirable for wine-making. Conversely, berry shrivel berries were grossly metamorphosed manifested as shriveling of the pericarp, which paralleled with loss of membrane competence in the mesocarp cells causing its collapse and a loss of brush. The most intriguing observation was the presence of non-druse crystals. These berries had high osmotic potential (ψS) as a result of low accumulations of sugar and potassium. Nonetheless, the seed morphology, structure, and viability were similar to healthy seeds. Berry shrivel grotesquely modified grape berries both compositionally and structurally, which was paralleled by their inability to accumulate sugars followed by cell death in the mesocarp. Although the mechanisms of berry shrivel remain uncertain, our study provides valuable background information for generating suitable guidelines to minimize the incidences of berry shrivel and also to design future studies toward unraveling the mechanistic basis of berry shrivel.

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Goyali, Juran C., Abir U. Igamberdiev, and Samir C. Debnath. "Propagation Methods Affect Fruit Morphology and Antioxidant Properties but Maintain Clonal Fidelity in Lowbush Blueberry." HortScience 50, no. 6 (June 2015): 888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.6.888.

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The berry morphology (size and weight), phytochemical content (polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins), and antioxidant activity of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) wild clone QB 9C and cultivar Fundy, propagated by tissue culture (TC) and softwood cutting (SC), were studied over two growing seasons to evaluate the effect of propagation methods on fruit yield and the content of antioxidant metabolites. Number of flower clusters, number of berries and berry weight per plant, diameter and weight of individual berry were higher in SC plants than those of TC plants. Significant interaction between genotypes and propagation methods were observed for total phenolic and flavonoid content of fruits. Berries from TC plants contained more polyphenols and flavonoids than those of SC plants. Twenty microsatellite markers were used to assess the clonal fidelity of TC regenerants and SC plants. The identical monomorphic amplification profiles within the TC plants of each genotype confirmed the clonal fidelity of micropropagated blueberry plants. These results indicate that propagation methods affected the morphology and antioxidant metabolites but maintained trueness-to-type genetic makeup in blueberry.

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Zivkovic, Jelena, Katarina Savikin, Gordana Zdunic, Dejan Godjevac, Nebojsa Markovic, Zoran Przic, and Nebojsa Menkovic. "Influence of bunch morphology on quality of wines produced from clones of grape variety Prokupac." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 8 (2016): 883–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc151114033z.

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Wine quality depends mainly on the characteristics of the grape it is made of, and one of the attributes affecting wine composition is cluster and berry morphology. The aim of this study was to represent variability of morphological characteristics between clones of the autochthonous grape variety Prokupac and performed chemical evaluation of wines obtained from them. Total phenolic content was generally low and it ranged from 33.0 to 114.5 mg GAE/100 mL. Six main anthocyanin compounds with malvidin as the main anthocyanidin were detected. Malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin ranging from 59.8 to 101.7 ?g/mL. Clones 43/5 and 43/4 are marked as those from which wines with the highest quality are obtained. According to our results clonal selection makes a significant difference in Prokupac wine quality. On the other hand, there is a poor response of wine quality parameters to variation in morphological attributes of clusters and berries (bunch weight, proportion of stem, berry and seed weight, skin, pulp and seed weight per berry).

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Golovneva, L. B., and P. I. Alekseev. "The genus Trochodendroides Berry in the cretaceous floras of Siberia." Palaeobotany 1 (2010): 120–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/palaeobotany/2010.1.120.

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Seventeen species of the genus Trochodendroides and one species of the genus Nyssidium are described from the Albian-Maastrichtian deposits of the Chulym-Yenisei depression (Western Siberia), Lena-Vilyui depression (Eastern Siberia) and Kolyma River basin. The study of recently collected materials and revision of previous data allow us to describe 4 new species (T. buorensis Golovn., sp. nov, T. beketovii Golovn., sp. nov., T. rostrata Golovn. et P. Alekseev, sp. nov.) and to offer 6 new combinations (T. tiungensis (Budants.) Golovn., comb. nov., T. heterophylla (Budants.) Golovn., comb. nov., T. kemensis (Ananjev) Golovn., comb. nov., T. sibirica (Tcherepnin) P. Alekseev, comb. nov., T. bajkovskae (I. Lebed.) Golovn., comb. nov., T. gromovii (E. Lebed.) Golovn., comb. nov). The new names were proposed for two species (T. budantsevii Golovn., nom. nov., T. ananjevii Golovn., nom. nov.). The morphological diversity, variability and value of different characters for distinction of species are discussed. The epidermal features were firstly examined for T. heterophylla and T. ananjevii. They are mostly similar to epidermal features of Cercidiphyllum. The genus Trochendroides firstly appeared in Siberia in the early-middle Albian as a minor component of the conifer-dominated Mesophytic floras. The determination of this genus is verified by the findings of Nyssidium fruits. During the Late Cretaceous the genus Trochodendroides was common member in floras of the Siberian-Canadian phythogeographic region. The systematic and morphology diversity of Trochodendroides was comparatively low in the late Albian–Cenomanian and the findings of these leaves are rare. The abundance of Trochodendroides leaves was increased in the Turonian and the Coniacian. During the Coniacian this genus reached the highest systematic and morphologic diversity (the Antibes and the Vilyui floras). In the Santonian-Campanian the abundance of Trochodendroides leaves was decreasing again. In this time the lanceolate or narrow-ovate leaf morphotypes were most usual. They were often described as Macclintockia, Zizyphus or Paliurus. Genus Trochodendroides is not presented in the Cretaceous deposits of Europe and firstly appeared there in the Tertiary. This genus is rare in the Late Cretaceous deposits of the Turan province, near the boundary between Siberian-Canadian and Euro-Sinian phythogeographic regions.

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Xingwei, Chen, Thohirah Lee Abdullah, Sima Taheri, Nur Ashikin Psyquay Abdullah, and Siti Aishah Hassan. "Flower Ontogenesis and Fruit Development of Synsepalum dulcificum." HortScience 51, no. 6 (June 2016): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.6.697.

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Synsepalum dulcificum from the family Sapotaceae is known as miracle fruit and is a valuable horticultural species. All plant parts are of medicinal importance whereas the fruit known as magic berry, miracle berry, or sweet berry is consumed fresh. Surprisingly, very little is known on the species in terms of flower morphology and flower development. In this study, an observation on the flower morphology and flower development of miracle fruit has been made with the aid of microscopic techniques. Miracle fruit flower requires 100 days to develop from reproductive meristem to full anthesis. The flower development can be divided into six stages based on the size and appearance of the flower bud. The fruit with persistent style developed and ripened 90 days after anthesis. Heavy fruit drop was observed at 40–60 days after anthesis which contributed to the final fruit set of average of 5.06% per plant. Through this study, miracle fruit is strongly insect pollinated and prevents self-fertilization. A study on pollination ecology is needed to identify the pollinator for miracle fruit, as this is important in manipulating fruit loading in the future.

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Manchester, Steven R. "Morphology and Affinities of Ampelocissites Seeds (Vitaceae: Ampelopsis clade) from the Paleogene of Texas, USA." Systematic Botany 45, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613400.

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Abstract—The type material on which the fossil genus name Ampelocissites was established in 1929 has been reexamined with the aid of X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scanning and compared with seeds of extant taxa to assess the relationships of these fossils within the grape family, Vitaceae. The specimens were collected from a sandstone of late Paleocene or early Eocene age. Although originally inferred by Berry to be intermediate in morphology between Ampelocissus and Vitis, the newly revealed details of seed morphology indicate that these seeds represent instead the Ampelopsis clade. Digital cross sections show that the seed coat maintains its thickness over the external surfaces, but diminishes quickly in the ventral infolds. This feature, along with the elliptical chalaza and lack of an apical groove, indicate that Ampelocissites lytlensis Berry probably represents Ampelopsis or Nekemias (rather than Ampelocissus or Vitis) and that the generic name Ampelocissites may be useful for fossil seeds with morphology consistent with the Ampelopsis clade that lack sufficient characters to specify placement within one of these extant genera.

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Souza, Lidian Ribeiro de, Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos, and Daniela Santos Carneiro-Torres. "Pollen morphology and exine ultrastructure of Brasiliocroton P.E. Berry & Cordeiro (Euphorbiaceae)." Acta Botanica Brasilica 33, no. 3 (September 2019): 584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062019abb0183.

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Barnes, Richard W., and Andrew C. Rozefelds. "Comparative morphology of Anodopetalum (Cunoniaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 13, no. 2 (2000): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb99006.

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The vegetative and floral morphology of the Tasmanian endemic Anodopetalum biglandulosum is re-examined and illustrated. A detailed study of herbarium and fresh material identified a number of characters that have, in the past, been misinterpreted. The subsidiary cell arrangement around the stomates is brachyparacytic, and not anomocytic; the petals are shown to be notched, and not entire; the fruit is a weakly lignified, septicidally dehiscent capsule, not a berry, and the pollen is dicolporate, not tricolporate as has been previously reported. The two- and three-flowered inflorescences and solitary flowers are interpreted as a reduced cyme, while the leaf is interpreted as a unifoliolate compound leaf. The vegetative and floral morphology in Anodopetalum is compared with the closely related genera Schizomeria, Platylophus and Ceratopetalum. Features including notched/fringed petals, dicolporate pollen with a discontinuous (heterogeneous) tectum and weakly heterogeneous wood rays provide support for interpreting Anodopetalum, Schizomeria, Platylophus and Ceratopetalum as a monophyletic group. Anodopetalum differs from these genera in its strongly dehiscent fruits and winged seeds.

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Stewart, Scott, and Charles E. Mitchell. "Anticostia, a distinctive new Late Ordovician "glyptograptid" (Diplograptacea, Graptoloidea) based on three-dimensionally preserved specimens from Anticosti Island, Quebec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-018.

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Three-dimensionally preserved specimens of Late Ordovician graptolites have been isolated from Vauréal Formation limestone samples collected from Anticosti Island, Quebec. The morphology, astogeny, and systematics of Anticostia macgregorae n.gen., n.sp. are described. These specimens show a new astogenetic pattern (pattern K) described for the first time. The similar glyptograptid species Glyptograptus hudsoni Jackson, Glyptograptus tenuissimus Ross and Berry, and Orthograptus fastigatus Davies all possess a pattern K astogeny. These species, along with Glyptograptus lorrainensis, which possesses the less-derived pattern G astogeny, are included within Anticostia n.gen. Anticostia tenuissima (Ross and Berry) is redescribed and Normalograptus? occidentalis (Ruedemann) is refigured based on their type specimens from coeval rocks in Nevada and Idaho.

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Wittanalai, Suttida, Keerati Tanruean, and Phanida Mapoong. "Inhibition of Coliform Bacteria by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Nham Hed (Fermented Mushroom)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 886 (January 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.886.56.

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Four samples of Nham Hed which fermented from different carbon sources; Homnil rice (HN), sticky rice (SR), LeumPua rice (LP) and rice berry (RB) were evaluated for total viable count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The rice berry Nham Hed samples showed the highest of total lactic bacteria count with values 2.83 x 105 cfu/g. The thirty one distinct colonies of LAB were isolated and categorized into 6 groups on the basis of their colony characteristics on MRS agar, microscopic morphology and biochemical characteristic. These 6 isolates were screened for their antimicrobial activity against 2 strains of coliform bacteria and it was found that LAB isolate E exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Enterobacter sp. which the zone of inhibition zone 14.22 ± 1.50 mm and 13.38 ± 1.25 mm, respectively. According to the morphology characterization, isolate E was probably classified to Weissella spp. These obtained results revealed the possibility for further characterization and purification the antimicrobial compound produced by the studied isolate as food bio preservatives to control food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria.

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Lisek, Jerzy, and Anna Lisek. "Varietal Response to Sour Bunch Rot in Polish Grapevine Genetic Resources." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081537.

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The aim of this study was to assess the resistance to sour rot of twenty-eight valuable cultivars of grapevine for wine production and twenty-five cultivars of table grapevine with diverse geographic and genetic origins, and to explain the causes of varied resistance based on the features related to the morphology, biology and ecology of assessed genotypes. The study was conducted for six years in the grapevine field collection of the National Institute of Horticultural Research in Skierniewice (Poland, latitude 51.9627 N, longitude 20.1666 E). Sour rot was severe in three seasons with abundant rainfall during the berry ripening stage. The number of wine and table cultivars in particular classes of resistance (mean value for three years) was as follows: very little or little—9 (wine) and 9 (table), medium—9 (wine) and 3 (table), high or very high—10 (wine) and 13 (table). The severity of bunch sour rot was positively correlated with single berry weight (moderate or weak correlation), bunch density and single bunch weight (very weak or weak correlation), and negatively correlated with thickness of berry skin (strong correlation) and the time of the beginning of veraison (weak correlation). Cultivars that were characterized by such agrobiological and ecological features as easy detachment of the berry from the pedicel, sensitivity to berry skin cracking, frequent damage to the skin by insects, and sensitivity to sunburn, were more heavily exposed to sour rot.

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Sofo, Adriano, Vitale Nuzzo, Giuseppe Tataranni, Michele Manfra, Mauro De Nisco, and Antonio Scopa. "Berry morphology and composition in irrigated and non-irrigated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)." Journal of Plant Physiology 169, no. 11 (July 2012): 1023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.03.007.

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Coombe, B. G. "Distribution of Solutes within the Developing Grape Berry in Relation to Its Morphology." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 38, no. 2 (1987): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1987.38.2.120.

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CAI, ZHUO-YU, and NIAN-HE XIA. "The floral morphology of Ferrocalamus rimosivaginus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)." Phytotaxa 498, no. 4 (May 5, 2021): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.498.4.4.

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Flowering material of Ferrocalamus rimosivaginus has been identified, allowing its analysis and description. The unit of inflorescence of the synflorescences of F. rimosivaginus is panicle-like and its fruit is berry-like. Ferrocalamus rimosivaginus differs from F. strictus in its rachilla puberulent except on its adaxial surface, the first glume with a glabrous apex, the abaxially glabrous lemma with an acute mucronate apex, and the palea with the surfaces between keels apically pubescent and progressively less pubescent towards the glabrous base. An epitype is designated to support the sterile holotype.

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Strioto, Danuza Kelly, Claudete Aparecida Mangolin, Sandra Aparecida de Oliveira Collet, Andrea Florindo das Neves, Liriana Belizario Cantagalli, and Maria de Fátima P. S. Machado. "Gret1 retrotransposon and VvmybA1 gene sequences in somatic mutants of new table grape varieties ‘Brasil’ and –Black Star’ (Vitis vinifera L.)." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 37, no. 1 (2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/ctv2022370171.

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Somatic mutations in grapes are relatively frequent and associated with diversity in grape skin color and berry morphology. Mutations that occur on a side branch of the ‘Benitaka’ cultivar with rosy-red berry skin color generated the ‘Brasil’ cultivar, and mutations that occurred on a side branch of ‘Brasil’ generated the ‘Black Star’ cultivar, both showing a black color in the berry skin. Therefore, genetic characterization of the Gret1 retrotransposon and the VvmybA1 gene in ‘Italia’, ‘Rubi’, ‘Benitaka’, ‘Brasil’, and ‘Black Star’ was started to find whether the altered coloration of berries in ‘Brasil’ and ‘Black Star’ is a product of different mutation patterns in the investigated sequences. Six primer combinations were used for the amplification of different sequences of the Gret1 retrotransposon and VvmybA1 gene of the five cultivars. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the Gret1 retrotransposon and the VvmybA1 gene and sequencing of the amplified products using six primer combinations showed no different alleles or different nucleotide sequences in ‘Brasil’ and ‘Black Star’. The sequencing of the VvmybA1 gene in the present study showed that the mutations that occurred in the cultivar ‘Italia’ for generating the ‘Benitaka’ cultivar persisted in the ‘Brasil’ and ‘Black Star’ cultivars.

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Manchester, Steven R., and Behnaz Balmaki. "Spiny fruits revealed by nano-CT scanning: Pseudoanacardium peruvianum (Berry) gen. et comb. nov. from the early Oligocene Belén flora of Peru." Acta Palaeobotanica 58, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2018-0005.

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AbstractFossil fruits formerly described as cashews from the Oligocene of Peru are reinvestigated based on the original specimens and newly collected materials. The recovery of an outer spiny layer, preserved in the sedimentary molds surrounding the locule casts, indicates that these disseminules do not represent Anacardium. Imagery from nano-CT scans of the specimens documents a distinctive morphology which does not resemble any fruits or seeds of Anacardiaceae. We describe the morphology in more detail and reassign the fossils to an extinct genus, Pseudoanacardium gen. nov., of uncertain familial affinity. Pseudoanacardium peruvianum (Berry) comb. nov. was a prominent member of the Belén carpoflora, which also included palms plus Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Humiriaceae, Leeaceae, Icacinaceae, Rutaceae and Vitaceae.

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Murray, Angela M., David C. Percival, and Glenn W. Stratton. "Impact of simulated acid rain on photochemistry, morphology, and yield of the wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-033.

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The effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the photochemistry, net photosynthesis (Pn), morphological damage, and crop yield were studied on Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Although there was an 8% decrease in fluorescence origin with the pH 1.5 SAR treatment when compared to the control, no effects on the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, Pn, leaf and berry wax deposition were detected. There was no SAR effect on crop yield or the physiological components studied. Key words: Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., acid rain, blueberry

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McFall-Ngai, M., and M. K. Montgomery. "The Anatomy and Morphology of the Adult Bacterial Light Organ of Euprymna scolopes Berry (Cephalopoda:Sepiolidae)." Biological Bulletin 179, no. 3 (December 1990): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542325.

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Bredenkamp, C. L., and A. E. Van Wyk. "Taxonomic significance of inflorescences, floral morphology and anatomy in Passerina (Thymelaeaceae)." Bothalia 31, no. 2 (September 17, 2001): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v31i2.528.

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Comparative studies were undertaken on the inflorescence, bracts and floral morphology of all taxa of the genus Passerina L. in southern Africa. Information is given in tabular form and a key based on bract morphology is presented.Floral morphology supported the status of the intrageneric taxa and also proved to be of taxonomic significance in the genus. Controversy surrounding the interpretation of a number of floral morphological structures in Passerina has been resolved. Morphological and anatomical evidence allowed a re-interpretation of the structure of the receptacle, hypanthium and sepals, ovary type and position, structure of the seed coat, ovule type and position, obturator, fruit and seed. On this basis an authentic generic description of the floral morphology was compiled. Passerina is distinguished by the following set of characters, a very short floral receptacle, tubular hypanthium, petaloid calyx, absence of petals and petaloid scales, diplostemonous dimorphic androecium, extrorse anthers, superior ovary, anatropous, ventrally epitropous ovule, an obturator of elongated cells, a I-seeded berry or an achene and tegmic seed with nuclear endosperm becoming cellular throughout.On this basis the flower in Passerina is considered a phylogenetically advanced structure, supporting the view that the genus is advanced within the Thymelaeoideae. The proposed taxonomic relationship between Thymelaeaceae and Malvales is confirmed by floral morphological evidence. Comparative studies were undertaken on the inflorescence, bracts and floral morphology of all taxa of the genus Passerina L. in southern Africa. Information is given in tabular form and a key based on bract morphology is presented.Floral morphology supported the status of the intrageneric taxa and also proved to be of taxonomic significance in the genus. Controversy surrounding the interpretation of a number of floral morphological structures in Passerina has been resolved. Morphological and anatomical evidence allowed a re-interpretation of the structure of the receptacle, hypanthium and sepals, ovary type and position, structure of the seed coat, ovule type and position, obturator, fruit and seed. On this basis an authentic generic description of the floral morphology was compiled. Passerina is distinguished by the following set of characters, a very short floral receptacle, tubular hypanthium, petaloid calyx, absence of petals and petaloid scales, diplostemonous dimorphic androecium, extrorse anthers, superior ovary, anatropous, ventrally epitropous ovule, an obturator of elongated cells, a I-seeded berry or an achene and tegmic seed with nuclear endosperm becoming cellular throughout.On this basis the flower in Passerina is considered a phylogenetically advanced structure, supporting the view that the genus is advanced within the Thymelaeoideae. The proposed taxonomic relationship between Thymelaeaceae and Malvales is confirmed by floral morphological evidence.

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ÁCS, ÉVA, CARLOS E. WETZEL, DASA HLÚBIKOVÁ, ISTVÁN GRIGORSZKY, ZSUZSA TRÁBERT, and LUC ECTOR. "Morphology and distribution of Brevilinea kevei sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom from Europe." Phytotaxa 284, no. 1 (November 8, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.1.2.

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An unknown small naviculoid diatom was found in the epiphyton samples from Hungary (in Kanyari Holt-Tisza oxbow) and in the epilithon samples from France (Canal de Berry at Épineuil-le-Fleuriel). Detailed observations using light and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe Brevilinea kevei Ács & Ector sp. nov. It can be separated from Brevilinea pocosinensis Siver et al. (which was the only described species in the genus) by its size (smaller than B. pocosinensis), shape (elliptic valve, never capitate) and ecological requirements. Brevilinea pocosinensis lives in acidic conditions while B. kevei in neutral ones. Differential diagnostic criteria with respect to similar taxa, especially Fallacia indifferens (Hustedt) D.G. Mann, together with ecological implications of this finding are briefly discussed.

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Debnath, Samir C. "Strategies to propagate Vaccinium nuclear stocks for the Canadian berry industry." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 911–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-131.

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Vacinium fruits are genetically heterozygous species characterized as “not coming true from seed”. Conventional methods for vegetative propagation of these species, although successful, are slow and labour-intensive, and few propagules can be produced from one plant of a selected clone or hybrid. Micropropagation techniques are important for clonal multiplication, germplasm im provement and gene conservation of Vaccinium fruits cultivated in Canada including blueberries, cranberries and lingonberries. In vitro propagation of these species using axillary bud proliferation and adventitious shoot regeneration has been investigated in a number of studies. Morphogenesis seems to be highly dependent on plant growth regulators and media used for culture, and this dependence is genotype specific. The paper presents the progress in-depth of various aspects of the in vitro culture of Canadian Vaccinium species for their commercial production. Also discussed are techniques for clone rejuvenation and plant tissue culture for mass propagation of Canadian Vaccinium nuclear stocks. Key words: Blueberry, cranberry, lingonberry, micropropagation, regeneration, morphology

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MAY, PETER. "From bud to berry, with special reference to inflorescence and bunch morphology in Vitis vinifera L." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 6, no. 2 (July 2000): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2000.tb00166.x.

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Nasouri, K., A. M. Shoushtari, and A. Kaflou. "Investigation of polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofibres morphology as a function of polymer concentration, viscosity and Berry number." Micro & Nano Letters 7, no. 5 (2012): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2012.0054.

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Tardaguila, J., M. P. Diago, B. Millan, J. Blasco, S. Cubero, and N. Aleixos. "APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION TECHNIQUES IN VITICULTURE TO ASSESS CANOPY FEATURES, CLUSTER MORPHOLOGY AND BERRY SIZE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 978 (March 2013): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.978.7.

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Kimura, Paulo H., Goro Okamoto, and Ken Hirano. "Flower Types, Pollen Morphology and Germination, Fertilization, and Berry Set inVitis coignetiaePulliat." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 48, no. 3 (1997): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1997.48.3.323.

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Mezzatesta, Daniela S., Federico J. Berli, Celeste Arancibia, Fernando G. Buscema, and Patricia N. Piccoli. "Impact of contrasting soils in a high-altitude vineyard of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. cv. Malbec: root morphology and distribution, vegetative and reproductive expressions, and berry skin phenolics." OENO One 56, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.2.4917.

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The high-altitude viticulture of Mendoza is being increasingly recognised among the top wine regions worldwide. High levels of solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, alluvial heterogeneous soils and cool night temperatures are major influences on Vitis vinifera L. phenotypic characteristics, especially on Malbec, Argentina’s emblematic grapevine variety. In the present work, the effect of intra-vineyard contrasting soil depth on Malbec was evaluated in a high-altitude vineyard (1450 m a.s.l.), over two growing seasons for physiological traits and over three vintages for yield components and berry skin phenolic compounds. The experiment was carried out in two parcels of shallow (SS) and deep (DS) soils, with different physico-chemical characteristics, and submitted to equal irrigation and crop management. Results showed that root depth was not limited by any soil physical constraints and fine roots (< 1 mm) were patchily distributed in sites with higher contents of silt, clay and organic matter in SS. Higher root quantity in SS was related to lower vegetative and reproductive expressions, shorter ripening period and reduced berry size and fruit yield when compared to DS. When SS plants experienced mild water stress (ΨS, stem water potential, between -6 and -9 bar) increments of anthocyanins, total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in berry skins were observed. However, when SS plants reached ΨS ≤ -10 bar, physiological harm occurred. The results presented contribute to understanding the effects of soil type on Malbec vines during different seasonal environmental conditions, especially in stressful situations, such as those expected by climate change scenarios.

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Brizzolara, Stefano, Antonio Minnocci, Elena Yembaturova, and Pietro Tonutti. "Ultrastructural analysis of berry skin from four grapes varieties at harvest and in relation to postharvest dehydration." OENO One 54, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 1021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.4.4165.

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In several production areas, dessert (sweet) and reinforced wines are made after a more or less intense dehydration of harvested grapes. The dehydration process depends on several factors, including the size, morphology and anatomy of the berries, all genetically defined traits that can be affected by vineyard management and microclimate conditions. At harvest, berry outer surface and skin ultrastructural features of cvs Aleatico, Sagrantino, Sangiovese and Trebbiano berries were investigated in a frozen-hydrated state using cryo‑scanning electron microscopy (Cryo‑SEM). The berries were subjected to postharvest dehydration at 23 °C for twelve days and the differences in weight loss were determined. In terms of weight loss rate, Aleatico and Trebbiano were the fastest and the slowest respectively. Therefore, the ultrastructural changes of berry skin of these two varieties were also investigated at the end of the dehydration process. At harvest, the structure of the epicuticular waxes on the skin outer surface differed between berries of different cultivars. The thickness of the cuticle, epidermis and hypodermis was also found to be significantly different, with Trebbiano berries having the thickest skin. At the end of the dehydration process all the measured parameters decreased, in particular Aleatico epicuticular wax, hypodermis and cuticle thickness, as well as the hypodermis cell wall and the mesocarp parenchyma cell area. The high weight loss rate recorded for Aleatico can be partly explained by the thickness of the berry skin at harvest, which was significantly thinner than that of Trebbiano, as well as by other skin-related morphological and histological factors possibly affecting permeability.

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Bakkal, Meltem, Berza Yılmaz, Ali Durmus, Zehra Durmus, and Serife Ozalp. "Polymerization characteristics of colored compomers cured with different LED units." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 17, no. 1 (January 2019): 228080001982780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800019827805.

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Aim: Incomplete polymerization of a resin material used for dental restoration affects the properties of the restoration. We evaluated the structural and mechanical properties of three different colored compomers cured with three different LED units to observe the characteristic changes occurring in different matches. Methods: Polytetrafluoroethylene molds (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were used to prepare disk-shaped sample specimens. Nine sample groups (each of five specimens) were prepared, three each of different compomer resin colors (gold, berry, and silver). Samples were cured using three different LED units (Optima, VALO, and Demi Ultra), according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Microstructural properties of samples were characterized by determining the degree of curing using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and by analyzing sample morphology under a scanning electron microscope. The Vickers hardness, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of the samples were measured to investigate their mechanical properties. Results: The degrees of curing decreased in the order of silver > berry > gold for all curing units. Conversely, gold compomers exhibited poorer mechanical values than the berry and silver counterparts. The Optima 10 unit yielded slightly higher degrees of curing than the other devices, followed by Demi Ultra and VALO light-curing units, respectively. Conclusion: The resin color affected the structural and mechanical properties of the compomers, possibly as a result of the complex interactions and relationships between the irradiation light and resin material, such as light absorbance and reflectance; thus, depending on the color as well as the curing protocol.

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MOURÃO, K. S. M., and C. M. BELTRATI. "Morphology and anatomy of developing fruits and seeds of Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Choisy (Clusiaceae)." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 61, no. 1 (February 2001): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082001000100019.

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Morphological, structural and developmental features of fruits and seeds of Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Choisy. are here presented, with the purpose to elucidate their structure and to contribute to taxonomical and ecological studies of the family. The fruit is a berry and the "rind" is constituted by the exocarp and by the subepidermal layers which constitute the mesocarp. The reddish pulp, rich in starch, is constituted by the parenchymatic mesocarp, with branched secretory ducts and vascular bundles, joined with the endocarp, which arises from a ventral meristem. The bitegmic, anatropous ovules, provided by the endothelium, develop into anatropous, bitegmic and exalbuminous seeds. The reddish uniseriate testa shows phenolic contents. The tegmen becomes crushed resting only the uniseriate exotegmen with undulate, thick walled and lignified cells, which contain a number of calcium oxalate prismatic crystals. The embryo, rich in lipids, is straight and shows foliaceous cotyledons.

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Forleo, L. R., A. L’Abbate, C. Bergamini, M. Velenosi, A. D. Marsico, M. F. Cardone, D. Antonacci, R. Velasco, and R. Perniola. "Phenotypic evaluation of segregant population derived by crossing table grape varieties." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501021.

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In the CREA-Viticoltura ed Enologia, Lab of Turi, during the last ten years, we started a breeding program for table grapes to obtain new seedless varieties, by using conventional breeding by crossings, and embryo rescue techniques. Other than seedlessness, additional targets for this breeding program are: the possibility of extending the harvesting period, the attitude to cold storage, transport and shelf-life, resistance to diseases both on the plant and in post-harvest conditions, the good productivity, the quality of the grapes, the easy cultivation management of the vineyard (reduced water, nutritional requirements, etc ...). More than 10.000 new genotypes have been obtained through the use of over 20 table grape varieties and more than 18 different crossing combinations. The following characteristics have been observed on these individuals for more than three years: berry color, length and weight cluster, average berry weight, sugars, pH, acidity, class of seedlessness, floral morphology, resistance to diseases. The results of these activities revealed that some combinations have better performance among all. In the near future, this activity will allow to focus on parental genotypes able to provide individuals with the best desired traits.

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Zhigila, Daniel Andrawus, Abdullahi Alanamu AbdulRahaman, Opeyemi Saheed Kolawole, and Felix A. Oladele. "Fruit Morphology as Taxonomic Features in Five Varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae." Journal of Botany 2014 (February 17, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/540868.

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Variations in the fruit morphological features of Capsicum annuum varieties were studied. Varieties studied include var. abbreviatum, var. annuum, var. accuminatum, var. grossum, and var. glabriusculum. The fruit morphology revealed attenuated fruit shape with rounded surfaces in var. glabriusculum, and cordate fruit shape with flexuous surface in var. annuum, abbreviatum and accuminatum. The fruit is a berry and may be green, yellow, or red when ripe. The fruit epidermal cell-wall patterns are polygonal in shape with straight and curved anticlinal walls in all the five varieties. The fruit of var. abbreviatum and var. grossum is trilocular, while that of var. accuminatum and annuum is bilocular, and that of var. glabriusculum is tetralocular. Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum had the highest mean number of seeds (108.4) and var. annuum had the lowest number of seeds (41.3) per fruit. The fruit is conspicuously hollowed in var. glabriusculum, accuminatum, and annuum but inconspicuously hollowed in var. abbreviatum and var. grossum. These features are shown to be good taxonomic characters for delimiting the five varieties of Capsicum annuum.

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MOURÃO, K. S. M., and C. M. BELTRATI. "Morphology and anatomy of developing fruits and seeds of Mammea americana L. (Clusiaceae)." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60, no. 4 (November 2000): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000400023.

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Morphological, structural and developmental features of fruits and seeds of Mammea americana L. are here studied, with the purpose to give a proper classification of their fruit and embryo type and to contribute to future taxonomical and ecological studies. The fruit is a berry and the "rind" consists of the exocarp, represented by a periderm with lenticels, and by the parenchymatic mesocarp, with branched secretory ducts and vascular bundles. The edible pulpy is formed by the endocarp, destituted of secretory ducts, and derived from the activity of a ventral meristem, which emerges early in the fruit development. The inner endocarp cell layers undergo a radial elongation and become firmly attached to the testal outer layers. At maturation the endocarp may be released from the rest of the pericarp. The ovules are unitegmic and they turn into unitegmic and exalbuminous seeds. The multiseriate testa consists of thick-walled cells and sclerenchymatous fibers. This last features have carried out to a wrong interpretation that the fruit of this species is a drupe. The embryo is pseudo-conferruminate, with two massive foodstoring cotyledons, rich in starch, firmly attached.

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RISTIC, RENATA, and PATRICK G. ILAND. "Relationships between seed and berry development of Vitis Vinifera L. cv Shiraz: Developmental changes in seed morphology and phenolic composition." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 11, no. 1 (April 2005): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2005.tb00278.x.

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Mims, C. W., and E. A. Richardson. "Ultrastructure Of Conidium And Disjunctor Development In The Plant Pathogenic Fungus Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 1278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600019711.

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Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi is the cause of mummy berry disease of commercial blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) grown in the United States and Canada (1). Ovaries of blueberry flowers are infected by the conidia (asexual spores) of this pathogen. However, despite their importance in disease initiation, little is known of the ultrastructural features of these conidia. The only ultrastructural data on these spores has come from the work of Batra (2) who used scanning electron microscopy to describe the morphology of the so-called “disjunctors” which connect adjacent conidia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi. The presence or absence of disjunctors is an important taxonomic character in the genus Monilinia (1) but little is known of their development and exact nature. The objective of this study was, therefore, to elucidate details of conidium and disjunctor development in M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

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Victorino, Gonçalo, Carlos Poblete-Echeverría, and Carlos M. Lopes. "A Multicultivar Approach for Grape Bunch Weight Estimation Using Image Analysis." Horticulturae 8, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030233.

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The determination of bunch features that are relevant for bunch weight estimation is an important step in automatic vineyard yield estimation using image analysis. The conversion of 2D image features into mass can be highly dependent on grapevine cultivar, as the bunch morphology varies greatly. This paper aims to explore the relationships between bunch weight and bunch features obtained from image analysis considering a multicultivar approach. A set of 192 bunches from four cultivars, collected at sites located in Portugal and South Africa, were imaged using a conventional digital RGB camera, followed by image analysis, where several bunch features were extracted, along with physical measurements performed in laboratory conditions. Image data features were explored as predictors of bunch weight, individually and in a multiple stepwise regression analysis, which were then tested on 37% of the data. The results show that the variables bunch area and visible berries are good predictors of bunch weight (R2 ranging from 0.72 to 0.90); however, the simple regression lines fitted between these predictors and the response variable presented significantly different slopes among cultivars, indicating cultivar dependency. The elected multiple regression model used a combination of four variables: bunch area, bunch perimeter, visible berry number, and average berry area. The regression analysis between the actual and estimated bunch weight yielded a R2 = 0.91 on the test set. Our results are an important step towards automatic yield estimation in the vineyard, as they increase the possibility of applying image-based approaches using a generalized model, independent of the cultivar.

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ALLCOCK, A. L., F. G. HOCHBERG, P. G. K. RODHOUSE, and J. P. THORPE. "Adelieledone, a new genus of octopodid from the Southern Ocean." Antarctic Science 15, no. 4 (December 2003): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102003001512.

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The syntypes of the endemic Southern Ocean octopodid Pareledone polymorpha (Robson, 1930) were re-examined and measurements, counts and indices are presented. The two forms described by Robson, namely oblonga and affinis, are determined to have no taxonomic validity. The species polymorpha shows morphological similarities with Pareledone adelieana (Berry, 1917) but differs in relative arm lengths, sucker counts, external colouration and size at maturity. Both species are transferred to the new genus Adelieledone, which is separated from the genus Pareledone s.s. by the transverse ridges in the ligula groove of the hectocotylus, the sharp tip of the lower beak, the enlarged posterior salivary glands, the absence of stylets and by skin sculpture, especially by the presence of two longitudinal integumentary ridges on the dorsal mantle. A new species, Adelieledone piatkowski, is described from the Antarctic Peninsula. Beak morphology can discriminate the genera in predator studies.

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Berdeja, Mariam P., Qiuhong Ye, Taryn L. Bauerle, and Justine E. Vanden Heuvel. "Commercial Bioinoculants Increase Root Length Colonization and Improve Petiole Nutrient Concentration of Field-grown Grapevines." HortTechnology 33, no. 1 (February 2023): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05110-22.

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Agricultural bioinoculants containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi represent a potential opportunity to reduce the dependence of grapevines (Vitis) on agrochemicals. This field study assessed the ability of four commercial bioinoculants to colonize grapevine roots and their effects on petiole nutrient concentration, berry composition, and root morphology of ‘Pinot noir’ (Vitis vinifera) grafted onto rootstock ‘Couderc 3309’ (Vitis riparia × Vitis rupestris) and ‘Riesling’ (V. vinifera) grafted onto ‘Couderc 3309’ and Selection Oppenheim four (Vitis berlandieri × V. riparia). Three bioinoculants increased root mycorrhizal colonization; however, regardless of the treatment, mycorrhizal fungal structures were enhanced. Grapevine petiole nutrient concentration was improved by bioinoculants. Root diameter, root length density, and specific root length increased with greater mycorrhizal root colonization. Using bioinoculants to reduce chemical fertilizers may be a good strategy to improve grapevine productivity and health in cool climates; however, the impact of mycorrhizal bioinoculants in the vineyard may differ among scion–rootstocks, edaphoclimatic conditions, and vineyard soil microbiomes.

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Golovneva, L. B., and P. I. Alekseev. "Taxonomy and morphological diversity of infructescences Jenkinsella co-occurred with Trochodendroides leaves in the Cretaceous and Paleogene." Palaeobotany 8 (2017): 92–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/palaeobotany/2017.8.92.

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On the basis of new records and reexamination of described fossils a revision of morphology and systematics of fructifications, found in co-occurrence with Trochodendroides Berry leaves was undertaken. The general construction of racemose infructescences and fruits of all known specimens is practically identical. This similarity indicates that these plants were closely related with minor differences that are not sufficient for separate generic designation. We suggest applying the name Jenkinsella Reid et Chandler for dispersed follicular fruits, to fruits in racemes and to infructescences attached to the shoots. This is the earliest appropriate generic name designated for fruits with distinguishable morphology and critical details of inner structures. The diagnosis of the genus Jenkinsella is emended and five new species are described: Jenkinsella krassilovii Golovneva et P. Alekseev, sp. nov., J. knowltonii Golovneva et P. Alekseev, sp. nov., J. conferta P. Alekseev et Golovneva, sp. nov., J. makulbekovii Golovneva et P. Alekseev, sp. nov., J. vilyuensis Golovneva et P. Alekseev, sp. nov. Three new combinations (J. filatovii (Samylina) Golovneva et P. Alekseev, comb. nov., J. jiayinensis (G.P. Feng, C.S. Li, Zhilin, Y.F. Wang et Gabrielyan) Golovneva et P. Alekseev, comb. nov., J. gardnerii (Chandler) Golovneva et P. Alekseev, comb. nov.) are created. Investigation of infructescence arrangement in different species of Jenkinsella provides new data, allowing reinterpretation of fertile shoots construction in Joffrea speirsii.

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Berger, Andreas, John L. Clark, and Anton Weber. "Besleria macropoda (Gesneriaceae): lectotypification, distribution, functional epiphylly and discordant fruit morphology of a rare Costa Rican endemic." Phytotaxa 233, no. 2 (November 4, 2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.233.2.2.

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Besleria macropoda, a rare and poorly known gesneriad endemic to Costa Rica, was recently collected for the first time on the southern slopes of the Fila Costeña (Puntarenas Province, SE Costa Rica). The collection considerably widens the geographic distribution to the southeastern part of Costa Rica. Moreover, the following unique characters not previously addressed in the literature were observed and are documented here: (1) The elongate peduncles of the inflorescences are clamped in a channel formed by the sunken midrib of the leaf, rendering the flowers and fruits positioned in the center of the leaf blade. The epiphyllous appearance of the inflorescence on the leaf surface enhances contrasting colors that may aid the pollination and/or fruit dispersal. (2) The fruits split open irregularly, with the fleshy carpel lobes becoming reflexed. This fruit dehiscence deviates from the indehiscent berries that typically characterize Besleria. This results in displaying a globose head of red placental tissue covered by tiny, red seeds. A preliminary survey of Besleria fruits suggests that this peculiar fruit type is present in at least 15 species representing almost 8% of the genus. Fruit morphology of Besleria is therefore less uniform than previously recognized and the “indehiscent berry” can no longer serve as a distinctive generic character of Besleria, which necessitates consideration in floras and identification keys. In addition, a list of herbarium specimens, lectotypification, a distribution map, IUCN red list assessment and an amended key to diagnose Besleria relative to Gasteranthus are provided.

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Muganu, M., A. Bellincontro, F. E. Barnaba, M. Paolocci, and F. Mencarelli. "MICROCLIMATE INFLUENCE ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF GRAPE BERRY AT MATURITY AND ON THE QUALITY OF THE BERRIES DURING THE POSTHARVEST DEHYDRATION PROCESS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 931 (March 2012): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.931.19.

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Bhutia, Pema O., Pushpa Kewlani, Aseesh Pandey, Sandeep Rawat, and Indra D. Bhatt. "Physico-chemical properties and nutritional composition of fruits of the wild Himalayan strawberry (Fragaria nubicola Lindle.) in different ripening stages." Journal of Berry Research 11, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jbr-210742.

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BACKGROUND: Genus Fragaria (family - Rosaceae), popular edible berry fruits with delicious flavor and considerable health benefits has many wild relatives in the Himalayan region. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to characterize variability in morphology, physicochemical properties, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity in wild Himalayan Strawberry, Fragaria nubicola along the ripening stages and among the genotypes. METHOD: Morphological and physicochemical properties, thiamine, carotenes, total phenolic content, phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays) were determined in four ripening stages of berry fruits. RESULTS: Morphological attributes (diameter, length, volume, and fresh weight of berries) have shown considerable variations among the genotypes and increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the ripening stages. The physicochemical properties such as juice content, pH and moisture content also increased with the ripening, however, the pomace content decreased with the ripening. Anthocyanin content increased significantly (p < 0.05) with ripening and reached at maximum level after full ripening. A successive decrease in free and bounded total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents was observed with the ripening except in total tannin content. However, a reverse trend of these phenolics was observed in juice along with the ripening. The antioxidant activity measured by three in vitro assays increased with the ripening. Phenolics were extracted higher in the acidified methanolic solvent (extracted free and bounded phenolics) as compared to methanolic solvent (extracted free phenolics). Phenolic compounds quantified by RP-HPLC analysis were extracted higher in acidified methanol as compared to methanol, except chlorogenic acid content. CONCLUSION: The results showed quantitative changes in free and bounded phenolics and morphological and functional traits along with the ripening. Also, this important genetic resource exhibited potential utility in the breeding of strawberry improvement programs and as an alternative resource of rich phytonutrients and antioxidants as a functional food.

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Arand, Katja, Evi Bieler, Markus Dürrenberger, and Hanns-Heinz Kassemeyer. "Developmental pattern of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) berry cuticular wax: Differentiation between epicuticular crystals and underlying wax." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e0246693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246693.

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The grapevine berry surface is covered by a cuticle consisting of cutin and various lipophilic wax compounds. The latter build the main barrier for transpirational water loss and protect the fruit against environmental factors e.g. pests, mechanical impacts or radiation. The integrety of the fruit surface is one important key factor for post-harvest quality and storage of fruits. Nonetheless, the developmental pattern of cuticular wax was so far only investigated for a very limited number of fruits. Therefore, we performed comparative investigations on the compositional and morphological nature of epicuticular wax crystals and underlying wax during fruit development in Vitis vinifera. The main compound oleanolic acid belongs to the pentacyclic triterpenoids, which occur very early in the development in high amounts inside the cuticle. The amount increases until veraison and decreases further during ripening. In general, very-long chain aliphatic (VLCA) compounds are present in much smaller amounts and alcohols and aldehydes follow the same trend during development. In contrast, the amount of fatty acids constantly increases from fruit set to ripening while wax esters only occur in significant amount at veraison and increase further. Wax crystals at the fruit surface are solely composed of VLCAs and the morphology changes during development according to the compositional changes of the VLCA wax compounds. The remarkable compositional differences between epicuticular wax crystals and the underlying wax are important to understand in terms of studying grape-pest interactions or the influence of environmental factors, since only wax crystals directly face the environment.

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Khaliq, Hafiz Abdul. "Pharmacognostic, physicochemical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Careya arborea Roxb.; A review." Journal of Phytopharmacology 5, no. 1 (March 20, 2016): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2016.5106.

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Since the birth of humans on this planet, plants have been utilized for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various ailments. C. arborea belonging to family Lecythidaceae is one the most utilized plants. It is a tree having large sessile yellowish flowers and large green berry type fruits with persistent style and calyx. Traditionally is has been used to treat cough and cold, infertility, jaundice developed after delivery, piles, blood dysentery, scorpion sting, sores in intestine, bed sores, ear pain, snake bite, inflammation, ulcer, spermatorrhoea and wounds in humans and corneal opacity and weakness in animals. Many pharmacological activities of this plant are reported viz. antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, CNS depressant and anticoagulant. Various phenolic compounds, sterols, terpenes, saponins and tannins have been isolated from this plant. Pharmacognostic studies for its authentication have also been carried out. Hamdard Ghutti® is one of the available polyherbal formulations containing C. arborea. This review provides adequate information about ethnomedicinal uses, general morphology, pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters, phytoconstituents, pharmacological properties, and available formulations of this plant.

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Freitas, Morgana Andrade, Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena, Oriel Herrera Bonilla, Andrieli Lima da Silva, and Valéria da Silva Sampaio. "SEED, SEEDLING AND FRUIT MORPHOLOGY AND SEED GERMINATION OF Psidium sobralianum PLANTS OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 4 (December 2018): 926–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n415rc.

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ABSTRACT The Northeast region of Brazil has the second highest number of species of the Myrtaceae family. It is mostly covered by the Caatinga biome, which is very degraded, making it difficult to preserve species of this family. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe the seed, seedling, and fruit morphology, and seed germination of Psidium sobralianum Landrum & Proença plants of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The fruits were collected in an area of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), in Petrolina PE, Brazil. The evaluations consisted of determinations of fruit shape, consistency, and number of seeds; seed form, cotyledons, hilum, hypocotyl-radicle axis, and embryo type; epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed staining; longitudinal, transversal, and ventral diameters of fruits and seeds; fruit, pulp, and seed fresh and dry masses; germination test; first count of germinated seeds; germination speed index; shoot and root lengths; shoot and root fresh and dry masses; and imbibition test. Psidium sobralianum has polyspermic, berry fruits, subclassified as solanidium, with persistent sepals and globular shape, consisting of epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and seeds. The fruits have green with orange epicarp, pale-green mesocarp, and white endocarp. The seeds have a pilose and bony aspect, a pimentoid type of embryo, foliaceous cotyledons, presence of operculum and hilum, and pale-yellow tegument. The germination is epigeal phanerocotiledonar, with root protrusion from 26 days after sowing (DAS); it presents a short, glabrous, thick radicle, and a rounded, pale-green apex. The germination is slow, probably due to the mechanical barrier of the tegument, and stabilizes at 90 DAS.

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Dolzhenko, Yuriy. "Craniology of Women of Scythian Culture in the Territory of Ukraine." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. Series: History, no. 40 (June 2022): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2022-40-9-33.

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The article describes the level of heterogeneity of female representatives of the Scythian culture from the territory of the forest-steppe and steppe Ukraine, clarifies their place among the synchronous female Scythian, Sarmatian groups and series of the Late Eneolithic, Bronze, Timber-grave culture of Eurasia, for that purpose, in particular, new craniological data have been entered into scientific circulation. Three standard techniques were used: craniometry (according to R. Martin), ethnic cranioscopy (which was proposed by A. G. Kozintsev), and craniophenetics (according to the method of A. C. Berry, R. J. Berry, which was tested by A. A. Movsesyan). When interpreting the data, the computer programs by B. Kozintsev and A. Kozintsev were used. In general, after study of the entire array of female burials, both from steppe and forest-steppe Scythia (52 skulls) from the territory of modern Ukraine (except for Crimea), on the skulls of which 12 craniometric features and one index according to R. Martin (1, 8, 20, 9, 45, 48, 55, 54, 51, 52, 77, zm, SS:SC) were preserved, the heterogeneity of women of the Scythian culture was revealed for the forest-steppe of Ukraine. According to its morphology, the studied skull of a 30–40-year-old woman from burial 12 in the village. Medvin, Boguslavsky district, Kyiv region, dated to the 7th – 6th cent. BC belongs to the third, mesocranial, broad-faced craniological variant with a very low calvaria, which after canonical and cluster analyses reveals its similarity to the female mesocranial series of catacomb culture of Ukraine and mesocranial, broad-faced, dated by archaeologists to the 5th – 4th cent. BC. The eastern direction of relations is insignificant and is manifested by the similarity of the fourth, mesocranial (or subbrachicranic), with a high vault of craniological variant to the Sarmatian burials, dating from the 3rd – 1st cent. BC. Principal component analysis and canonical multivariate analysis did not reveal morphological differences between steppe and forest-steppe female skulls.

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J. Vega, Victor, Yobana A. Mariño, Daymara Deynes, Elsie B. Greco, Donald E. Bright, and Paul Bayman. "A Beetle in a Haystack: Are There Alternate Hosts of the Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) in Puerto Rico?" Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020228.

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Can the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei, or CBB) use host plants other than coffee for food and shelter? The use of fruits other than coffee has been reported. However, the validity of these reports depends on accurate identification of CBB, which is sometimes uncertain. In this study we sampled potential alternate hosts in coffee farms in Puerto Rico. Fruits with perforations were collected and examined for the presence of scolytid beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Scolytids were identified by morphology and DNA barcoding of the COI gene. Association between the presence of Inga vera and Guarea guidonia trees and infestation rate of CBB in coffee fruits was evaluated. Food preference tests were performed in the laboratory. A total of 3563 beetles were found and 587 were identified as Hypothenemus spp.; of these, 85 identifications were confirmed by DNA barcoding. Twenty-seven of the beetles identified were H. hampei, mostly in I. vera fruits in periods between coffee crops. Most scolytids identified were H. obscurus. In preference tests, some CBB initially penetrated G. guidonia fruits, but eventually chose coffee. There was no evidence of feeding or reproduction in fruits of G. guidonia or Cajanus cajan. The results show that in Puerto Rico it is rare to find CBB in fruits of alternate hosts. The scarcity of coffee fruits in the off-season might cause some CBBs to take refuge in other fruits, but they did not feed or reproduce in them in laboratory tests. Understanding the refugia of CBB in the off-season may be useful for designing effective management strategies.

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Alemseged Beldados and Medhanit Tamirat. "Towards the Mid-Late Holocene Environment of Mochena Borago Rock Shelter, Wolayta, South Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities 16, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejossah.v16i1.1.

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With the objective of understanding the mid-late Holocene subsistence pattern and the local ecology, archaeobotanical investigation was conducted on soil samples collected from 29 contexts from the rock shelter site of Mochena Borago. The samples were collected by the French Archaeological Mission in 2000 and 2001 field seasons. Flotation was carried out using bucket and 2.0 mm mesh size sieve. Recovered botanical remains were classified based on size and grain morphology. Seed analysis was conducted at 5-20x magnification. A total of 112 seeds and fruit stones were identified which include 55 Sapindaceae cf. Deinbollia type (dune soap-berry), 33 Myrtaceae cf. Syzigium guineense type (sometimes called waterberry), 9 Plectranthus edulis (Wolayta dinich/potato), 7 Euphorbiaceae Croton sp. (rushfoil), 2 Cordia cf. africana (wanza in Amharic), 1 Ebenaceae cf. Diospyros (commonly known as ebony trees), 1 Olea europea ssp. africana (Olive Oil). Plectranthus edulis is an indigenous crop for the study area and Cordia cf. africana and Olea europea ssp. africana are reported for the first time in archaeological context of the whole region of Ethiopia. The study provided data on the ancient economy and ecology of the site in a region where archaeobotanical research is limited.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Berry morphology'

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