Journal articles: 'Berea'

1

Martin, Lou. "Back at Berea." Appalachian Heritage 30, no. 2 (2002): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2002.0118.

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Henry Louis Gates Jr. "Berea College Commencement Address." Appalachian Heritage 36, no. 3 (2008): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.0.0059.

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Hannibal, Joseph T. "Berea sandstone: A heritage stone of international significance from Ohio, USA." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486-2019-33.

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AbstractBerea sandstone, a potential Global Heritage Stone Resource, has been one of the most widely used sandstones in North America. This Paleozoic sandstone, quarried for more than 200 years in Ohio, has been used across much of the continent. Thousands of commercial, residential, ecclesiastical, government and other structures have been built with Berea sandstone, including Thomas Worthington's mansion in Chillicothe, Ohio, the Michigan Capitol in Lansing, Michigan, the Carnegie Library and Natural History Museum Building in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and parts of the Parliament buildings in Canada. Grindstones made from Berea sandstone were shipped throughout North America, as well as to the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia. The stone is celebrated in a number of locations, notably Berea and Amherst, where quarries have been important historical sources of this stone. It has been known by a number of different geological and commercial names, including Berea grit and Amherst stone, complicating its identification from historical sources. Stone from the most productive quarries, however, was known to be homogeneous and can be identified by its quartz–arenite to sublithic–arenite composition, its fine to medium sand (125–350 µm) grain size and iron-cement spots. Berea sandstone continues to be quarried today in Erie and Lorain counties.

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4

Bashaw, Carolyn Terry, and Shannon H. Wilson. "Berea College: An Illustrated History." Journal of Southern History 73, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27649507.

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5

Ramirez, W. F., A. C. Oen, J. F. Strobel, J. L. Falconer, and H. E. Evans. "Surface Composition of Berea Sandstone." SPE Formation Evaluation 1, no. 01 (February 1, 1986): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11972-pa.

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Othman, Faisal, Yamin Wang, and Furqan Le-Hussain. "The Effect of Fines Migration During CO2 Injection Using Pore-Scale Characterization." SPE Journal 24, no. 06 (July 15, 2019): 2804–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/192076-pa.

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Summary Recent laboratory studies have shown that fines migration induces a decrease in rock permeability during CO2 injection. This study uses X–ray microcomputed tomography (micro–CT), nitrogen permeability, and Itrax X–ray fluorescence (Itrax–XRF) scanning to investigate the mechanism of fines migration during CO2 injection. We perform CO2–flooding experiments on two Berea core samples. The cores are characterized using nitrogen permeability, micro–CT, scanning electron microscopy with energy–dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), and Itrax–XRF scanning. The cores are flooded with fresh water, then CO2–saturated water, and finally water–saturated supercritical CO2 (scCO2). To calculate permeability, the pressure difference across the core samples is monitored during these fluid injections. The produced–water samples are analyzed using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). After the flooding experiments, nitrogen permeability, micro–CT, SEM–EDS, and XRF scanning are repeated to characterize pore–scale damage. Micro–CT image–based computations are run to estimate permeability decrease along the core–sample length after injection. Results show the dissolution of dolomite and other high–density minerals. Mineral dissolution dislodges fines particles, which migrate during water-saturated–scCO2 injection. During CO2–saturated–water injection, the permeability of Berea 1 and Berea 2 increase by 29 and 13%, respectively. After water–saturated–scCO2 injection, the permeability of Berea 1 and Berea 2 decrease by 60%. The permeability damage of the sample can be explained by fines migration and subsequent blockage. SEM–EDS images also show instances of pore blockage.

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7

Wilson, Shannon H. ""Sergeant York is the Berea Kind"." Appalachian Heritage 27, no. 1 (1999): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.1999.0011.

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8

Watts, M. "Baudelaire over Berea, Simmel over Sandton?" Public Culture 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-17-1-181.

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9

Barker, Garry. "Weavers of the Southern Highlands: Berea." Appalachian Heritage 22, no. 2 (1994): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.1994.0027.

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10

Hart, David J., and Herbert F. Wang. "Variation of unjacketed pore compressibility using Gassmann’s equation and an overdetermined set of volumetric poroelastic measurements." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 1 (January 2010): N9—N18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3277664.

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Gassmann’s original equation provides a means to relate bulk elastic parameters of a porous material with the compressibility of the pore fluid. The original analysis assumed microhomogeneity and isotropy, which assumed that pore compressibility was equal to grain compressibility. Although subsequent theoretical arguments have shown that Gassmann’s original assumption is violated for most rocks and that pore compressibility need not equal grain compressibility, few experimental studies have compared the two compressibilities; the assumption that pore compressibility equals grain compressibility is still commonly made. We measured hydrostatic poroelastic constants of Berea sandstone and Indiana limestone under drained, undrained, and unjacketed conditions over a range of confining and pore pressures to test the assumption that pore compressibility equals grain compressibility. These two rocks were chosen because they havesimilar values of porosity but different elastic behaviors: Berea sandstone is nonlinearly elastic, especially at low effective stresses, but Indiana limestone is linearly elastic at nearly all stresses. At low effective stresses below [Formula: see text], the pore compressibility for Berea sandstone does not equal grain compressibility but approaches fluid compressibility. Even at higher effective stresses, pore compressibility for Berea sandstone does not equal bulk grain compressibility but approaches a value approximately two to three times the bulk grain compressibility. In contrast, pore compressibility for Indiana limestone does seem to be equal to grain compressibility except perhaps at low effective stresses below [Formula: see text]. The difference between pore compressibilities of these two rocks is likely from the presence of more compliant clay minerals mixed with quartz grains with more microcracks in the Berea sandstone as compared to the well-cemented Indiana limestone.

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11

Hoyt, Daniel A. "The Best White Rapper in Berea, Ohio." Iowa Review 45, no. 1 (March 2015): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.7573.

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12

Hu, Zhongliang, Siddeequah M. Azmi, Ghulam Raza, Paul W. J. Glover, and Dongsheng Wen. "Nanoparticle-Assisted Water-Flooding in Berea Sandstones." Energy & Fuels 30, no. 4 (April 11, 2016): 2791–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00051.

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13

Le Bas, Pierre‐Yves, and Jim A. Tencate. "The Parametric Array in Berea Sandstone, Revisted." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2934093.

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14

Jenneman, Gary E., Michael J. McInerney, and Roy M. Knapp. "Microbial Penetration through Nutrient-Saturated Berea Sandstone." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50, no. 2 (1985): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.50.2.383-391.1985.

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15

Shaw, Jerry C., Peter L. Churcher, and Blaine F. Hawkins. "The Effect of Firing on Berea Sandstone." SPE Formation Evaluation 6, no. 01 (March 1, 1991): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/18463-pa.

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16

Daily, William D., and Wunan Lin. "Laboratory‐determined transport properties of Berea sandstone." GEOPHYSICS 50, no. 5 (May 1985): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1441952.

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We report laboratory measurements of electrical resistivity ρ, water permeability k, and compressional wave velocity [Formula: see text] for both intact and fractured Berea sandstone samples as functions of temperature from 20°C to 200°C and effective pressure [Formula: see text] from 2.5 MPa to 50 MPa. For the intact sample, [Formula: see text] increases from 3.52 km/s to 4.16 km/s as [Formula: see text] goes from 3 to 50 MPa. With increasing temperature, [Formula: see text] decreases at rates of about 3 percent per 100°C at [Formula: see text] of 5 MPa and about 1.5 percent per 100°C at [Formula: see text] of 38 MPa. Data from the fractured sample are qualitatively similar, but velocities are about 10 percent lower. For both intact and fractured samples, ρ increases less than 15 percent as [Formula: see text] increases from 2.5 MPa to 50 MPa. Although both samples show a larger decrease in resistivity with increasing temperature, most of this change is attributed to the decrease in resistivity of the pore fluid over that temperature range. For both samples, k decreases with increasing pressure and temperature. The intact sample permeability varies from 23 mD at 3 MPa and 20°C to less than 1 mD at 50 MPa and 150°C. The permeability of the fractured sample varies from 676 mD at 3 MPa and 20°C to less than 1 mD at 40 MPa and 190°C. The effect of the fracture on k vanishes after several pressure cycles and above about 100°C. These laboratory data are used to demonstrate the possibility of using resistivity and velocity measurements to estimate in‐situ permeability of a reservoir.

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17

Bernstein, David E. "Plessy versus Lochner: The Berea College Case." Journal of Supreme Court History 25, no. 1 (March 2000): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1059-4329.00006.

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18

Oak, M. J., L. E. Baker, and D. C. Thomas. "Three-Phase Relative Permeability of Berea Sandstone." Journal of Petroleum Technology 42, no. 08 (August 1, 1990): 1054–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17370-pa.

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19

Sayers, C. M., J. G. Van Munster, and M. S. King. "Stress-induced ultrasonic anisotrophy in Berea sandstone." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 27, no. 5 (October 1990): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(90)92715-q.

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20

Prasad, Manika, and Murli H. Manghnani. "Effects of pore and differential pressure on compressional wave velocity and quality factor in Berea and Michigan sandstones." GEOPHYSICS 62, no. 4 (July 1997): 1163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444217.

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Compressional‐wave velocity [Formula: see text] and quality factor [Formula: see text] have been measured in Berea and Michigan sandstones as a function of confining pressure [Formula: see text] to 55 MPa and pore pressure [Formula: see text] to 35 MPa. [Formula: see text] values are lower in the poorly cemented, finer grained, and microcracked Berea sandstone. [Formula: see text] values are affected to a lesser extent by the microstructural differences. A directional dependence of [Formula: see text] is observed in both sandstones and can be related to pore alignment with pressure. [Formula: see text] anisotropy is observed only in Berea sandstone. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] increase with both increasing differential pressure [Formula: see text] and increasing [Formula: see text]. The effect of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] is greater at higher [Formula: see text]. The results suggest that the effective stress coefficient, a measure of pore space deformation, for both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is less than 1 and decreases with increasing [Formula: see text].

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21

Christensen, N. I., and H. F. Wang. "The Influence of pore pressure and confining pressure on dynamic elastic properties of Berea sandstone." GEOPHYSICS 50, no. 2 (February 1985): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1441910.

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Compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocities of watersaturated Berea sandstone have been measured as functions of confining and pore pressures to 2 kbar. The velocities, measured by the pulse transmission technique, were obtained at selected pressures for the purpose of evaluating the relative importance of confining pressure and pore pressure on elastic wave velocities and derived dynamic elastic constants. Changes in Berea sandstone velocities resulting from changes in confining pressure are not exactly canceled by equivalent changes in pore pressure. For properties that involve significant bulk compression (compressional‐wave velocities and bulk modulus) an incremental change in pore pressure does not entirely cancel a similar change in confining pressure. On the other hand, it is shown that a pore pressure increment more than cancels an equivalent change in confining pressure for properties that depend significantly on rigidity (shear‐wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio). This behavior (as well as observed wave amplitudes) is related to the presence of high‐compressibility clay that lines grains and pores within the quartz framework of the Berea sandstone.

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22

Song, Wen, and Anthony R. Kovscek. "Functionalization of micromodels with kaolinite for investigation of low salinity oil-recovery processes." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 16 (2015): 3314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc00544b.

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23

Stinebrickner, Ralph, and Todd Stinebrickner. "The Effect of Credit Constraints on the College Drop-Out Decision: A Direct Approach Using a New Panel Study." American Economic Review 98, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): 2163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.5.2163.

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A serious difficulty in determining the importance of credit constraints in education arises because standard data sources do not provide a direct way of identifying which students are credit constrained. This paper differentiates itself from previous work by taking a direct approach, made possible by unique longitudinal data from the Berea Panel Study. The results from our study of Berea College students suggest that, while credit constraints likely play an important role in the drop-out decisions of some students, the large majority of attrition of students from low-income families should be primarily attributed to reasons other than credit constraints. (JEL I21, I22)

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24

Li, Hui, Kaoping Song, Mingguang Tang, Ming Qin, Zhenping Liu, Ming Qu, Ben Li, and Yan Li. "Determination of Scale Effects on Mechanical Properties of Berea Sandstone." Geofluids 2021 (February 9, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6637371.

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The key rock mechanical parameters are strength, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, etc., which are important in reservoir development. The accurate determination of reservoir’s mechanical properties is critical to reduce drilling risk and maximize well productivity. Precisely estimating rock mechanical properties is important in drilling and well completion design, as well as crucial for hydraulic fracturing. Rocks are heterogeneous and anisotropic materials. The mechanical properties vary not only with rock types but also with measurement methods, sample geometric dimensions (sample length to diameter ratio and size), and other factors. To investigate sample scale effects on rock mechanical behaviors, unconfined compression tests were conducted on 41 different geometric dimensions of Berea sandstones; unconfined compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus ( E ), Poisson’s ratio ( υ ), bulk modulus ( K ), and shear modulus ( G ) were obtained and compared. The results indicate that sample geometry can significantly affect rock mechanical properties: (1) UCS decreases with the increase of length to diameter ratio (LDR), and the UCS standardize factor is between 0.71 and 1.17, which means -30% to +20% variation of UCS with LDR changing from 1 to 6.7. The test results show UCS exhibits positive relationship with sample size. (2) Young’s modulus slightly increases with LDR increases, while Poisson’s ratio decreases with the increase of LDR. For the tested Berea sandstones, Poisson’s ratio standardizing factor is between 0.57 and 1.11. (3) Bulk modulus of Berea sandstone samples decreases with the increase of LDR, while shear modulus increases with LDR increases. Both bulk modulus and shear modulus increase with the increase of sample size. (4) The principal failure modes were analyzed. The failure modes of the tested Berea sandstones are axial splitting and shear failure. Stocky samples ( LDR < 2 ) tend to go axial splitting, while slender samples ( LDR > 2 ) tend to show shear failure.

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25

Fauziah, Cut Aja, Emad A. Al-Khdheeawi, Ahmed Barifcani, and Stefan Iglauer. "Wettability measurements on two sandstones: an experimental investigation before and after CO2 flooding." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19099.

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Wettability of rock–fluid systems is an important for controlling the carbon dioxide (CO2) movement and the capacities of CO2 geological trapping mechanisms. Although contact angle measurement is considered a potentially scalable parameter for evaluation of the wettability characteristics, there are still large uncertainties associated with the contact angle measurement for CO2–brine–rock systems. Thus, this study experimentally examined the wettability, before and after flooding, of two different samples of sandstone: Berea and Bandera grey sandstones. For both samples, several sets of flooding of brine (5 wt % NaCl + 1 wt % KCl in deionised water), CO2-saturated (live) brine and supercritical CO2 were performed. The contact angle measurements were conducted for the CO2–sandstone system at two different reservoir pressures (10 and 15 MPa) and at a reservoir temperature of 323 K. The results showed that both the advancing and receding contact angles of the sandstone samples after flooding were higher than that measured before flooding (i.e. after CO2 injection the sandstones became more CO2-wet). Moreover, the Bandera grey samples had higher contact angles than Berea sandstone. Thus, we conclude that CO2 flooding altered the sandstone wettability to be more CO2-wet, and Berea sandstone had a higher CO2 storage capacity than Bandera grey sandstone.

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26

Cardoso, Oldemar Ribeiro, and Rosangela de Carvalho Balaban. "Comparative study between Botucatu and Berea sandstone properties." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 62 (October 2015): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2015.04.004.

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27

Sawyer, David. "Bodhisattva in Berea: John Stephenson and the Tibetans." Appalachian Heritage 23, no. 2 (1995): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.1995.0118.

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28

Starnes, Bobby Ann. "On Silence, Berea College, and Passing the Baton." Phi Delta Kappan 88, no. 8 (April 2007): 632–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003172170708800818.

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29

Jester, Art. "Harvard's Gates: Berea Book Award Means the Most." Appalachian Heritage 23, no. 3 (1995): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.1995.0043.

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30

Bas, Pierre‐Yves Le, James A. TenCate, Robert A. Guyer, and Paul A. Johnson. "The parametric array in Berea sandstone: definitive experiments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4784277.

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31

O’Hara, Stephen G. "Elastic‐wave attenuation in fluid‐saturated Berea sandstone." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 6 (June 1989): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442707.

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In a previous publication (O’Hara, 1985), I presented detailed measurements on the attenuation of elastic waves in fluid‐saturated Berea sandstone. These measurements were used in a systematic empirical study of the frequency dependence of attenuation as a function of external pressure applied to the sandstone, pore fluid pressure, and the saturated sandstone temperature. Two pore fluids were used in the study: a brine solution and n-heptane. I measured the attenuation of the extensional and torsional rod modes of cylindrical specimens of the sandstone at identical conditions of pressure and temperature for each of the two fluids.

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32

Grigg, Reid B., and Baojun Bai. "Calcium lignosulfonate adsorption and desorption on Berea sandstone." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 279, no. 1 (November 2004): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.06.035.

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33

Butcher, Catherine Norma. "Resources for hope: Ideas for alternatives from heterodox higher education institutions." Learning and Teaching 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2017.100105.

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This report describes my field visits to Berea and Deep Springs Colleges in the U.S.A. and explores their forms of ownership/control, governance, financing and organisational structure. Berea and Deep Springs are small, liberal arts colleges, distinctive in American higher education, in which students actively participate in a spirit of democracy. This report highlights the relationship between these heterodox organisational forms and student outcomes. It examines the practical significance of these two colleges for education policy and how certain features could be resources for hope used in constructing heterodox higher education institutions in other parts of the world. This report complements that of Wright, Greenwood and Boden (2011) on Mondragón University – a cooperative in the Basque country of Spain – by adding to the body of knowledge on alternative models of higher education institutions.

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34

Hackbert, Peter H., and Xiliang Lin. "Equestrian Trail Riding: An Emerging Economic Contributor To The Local Rural Appalachian Economy." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 5, no. 6 (June 27, 2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v5i6.4732.

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The purpose of this paper is three-fold. First to summarize the importance of tourism in the Appalachian region with a focus on the State of Kentucky; second, to consider adventure tourism and the equestrian and trail riding segment as a potential contributor to Kentucky adventurism tourism; and third, to illustrate the economic value of trail riding in the form of an economic impact study which indicates levels of community economic development opportunity. Importantly, for this publication, is the fact that this research was conducted by undergraduate students at Berea College. This initial research was conducted by undergraduate within the Entrepreneurship for the Public Good Program at Berea College in the summer of 2008 and the economic impact study field work was conducted by freshman undergraduates in a Creative Writing class with a focus on adventure tourism in the fall of 2008.

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35

Riva, Monica, Shlomo P. Neuman, Alberto Guadagnini, and Martina Siena. "Anisotropic Scaling of Berea Sandstone Log Air Permeability Statistics." Vadose Zone Journal 12, no. 3 (March 22, 2013): vzj2012.0153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0153.

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FUJII, Yukiyasu, and Manabu TAKAHASHI. "Geology, Sedimentary Environment and Physical Properties of Berea Sandstone." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 56, no. 3 (2015): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.56.105.

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37

Ma, Shouxiang, and N. R. Morrow. "Effect of Firing on Petrophysical Properties of Berea Sandstone." SPE Formation Evaluation 9, no. 03 (September 1, 1994): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/21045-pa.

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38

Lindquist, W. B., M. Prodanovic, and R. S. Seright. "3D Microtomographic Study of Fluid Displacement in Berea Cores." Microscopy and Microanalysis 10, S02 (August 2004): 734–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927604887099.

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39

Sinha, Bikash, Thomas J. Plona, Kenneth Winkler, and Ralph D’Angelo. "Borehole propagation in berea sandstone: Stress‐induced dipole anisotropy." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, no. 5 (November 1995): 2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.413151.

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40

ITOH, Goichi, Koji KONO, Hirofumi OKANO, and Hiroshi MITSUISHI. "Lattice Boltzmann Simulation for Predicting Permeability Through Berea Sandstone." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2003.16 (2003): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2003.16.127.

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41

Afrough, Armin, Mohammad Sadegh Zamiri, Laura Romero-Zerón, and Bruce J. Balcom. "Magnetic-Resonance Imaging of Fines Migration in Berea Sandstone." SPE Journal 22, no. 05 (June 8, 2017): 1385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/186089-pa.

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Summary Fines migration is a phenomenon of practical importance in the petroleum-production and drilling industry. The movement of clay particles, induced by incompatible aqueous-phase chemistry or high flow rate, obstructs pore throats downstream of the fluid flow, leading to permeability reductions that can be as large as two orders of magnitude. Magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) methods derived from the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) method (Meiboom and Gill 1958) can map T2 distributions in porous rocks, hence showing the spatial variation of the pseudo-pore-size distribution. In this work, the traditional water-shock experiment was used to mobilize clay particles in the aqueous phase flowing in Berea core plugs. Spin-echo single-point imaging (SE-SPI), a phase-encoding MRI method derived from the CPMG method, was used to determine spatially resolved T2 spectra of the samples, and therefore the pseudo-pore-size distributions. The shift in the T2 spectra of the core inlet and outlet showed opposite trends. The pore-size distribution of the inlet and outlet, inferred from T2 distributions, were shifted to larger and smaller values, respectively. Therefore, the average pore size was increased at the inlet of the core and reduced at the outlet of the core. This MRI method provides a new analytical approach to screen reservoirs for potential fines-migration problems.

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42

Sarkar, S. N., J. J. Dechter, and R. A. Komoroski. "Multinuclear NMR Imaging of Fluid Phases in Berea Sandstone." Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A 102, no. 3 (May 1993): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmra.1993.1109.

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43

Winkler, Kenneth W. "Dispersion analysis of velocity and attenuation in Berea sandstone." Journal of Geophysical Research 90, B8 (1985): 6793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb090ib08p06793.

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44

Brunner, W. M., and H. A. Spetzler. "Contaminant-induced mechanical damping in partially saturated Berea sandstone." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 16 (August 15, 2002): 11–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015455.

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45

Yousif, M. H., P. M. Li, M. S. Selim, and E. D. Sloan. "Depressurization of natural gas hydrates in berea sandstone cores." Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Molecular Recognition in Chemistry 8, no. 1-2 (1990): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01131289.

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46

Azam, Muhammad Rizwan, Isa M. Tan, Lukman Ismail, Muhammad Mushtaq, Muhammad Nadeem, and Muhammad Sagir. "Static adsorption of anionic surfactant onto crushed Berea sandstone." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 3, no. 3 (April 18, 2013): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-013-0057-y.

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47

Yusuf, Yusmardhany, Suryo Purwono, and Sang Kompiang Wirawan. "Evaluasi Nilai Difusivitas Ion Kalsium & Magnesium pada Proses "Low Salinity Waterflood" di Batuan Berea." Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.28890.

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In recent years Low Salinity Waterflood (LSW) had been supposed as trusty method to improve oil recovery and the most essential aspect is a alteration of divalent ion concentration in reservoir pore volume as a respon LSW. The objective of this paper are to find divalent diffusivity constant (Ca2+ and Mg2+) in berea sandstone by ionsmass conservation equation along with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) as validation. The study was conducted at 2 berea core having porosity : 0.235 and 0.230 and permeability : 661 mD and 550 mD, we use synthetic formation water accordance to "LN" field property. Experiment was treated by by diluting Ca2+ up to 79% from its original value and by diluting Mg2+ up to 95% from its original value while other ion were maintained fit to their original value. As a result we got difusion constant 0.0620 cm2.min-1 and 0.2667 cm2.min-1for Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively.

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48

Neal, Maxwell Lewis, and Joseph T. Hannibal. "Paleoecologic and taxonomic implications of Sphenothallus and Sphenothallus-like specimens from Ohio and areas adjacent to Ohio." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 3 (May 2000): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000031644.

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Sphenothallus and fossils similar to Sphenothallus are found in Ordovician, Devonian, and Mississippian rock units in Ohio and adjacent states and provinces. Although the Ordovician of Québec, Ontario, and Indiana has yielded parts of tubes, Ordovician specimens from southwest Ohio and nearby areas consist almost entirely of holdfasts on hardgrounds and shelly fossils. Sphenothallus is abundant in the Chagrin Shale (Famennian) of northeast Ohio where it is found in about four percent of concretions that contain identifiable fossils. The Chagrin specimens, usually parts of tubes, are occasionally preserved three-dimensionally. The rate of distal expansion of Chagrin Sphenothallus tubes varies intraspecifically; thus, this rate cannot be used to distinguish species. Some Chagrin specimens are attached to larger, conspecific specimens and to articulate brachiopods. Brachiopods have also been found attached to Chagrin Sphenothallus. Bedford-Berea sequence (Famennian) specimens from northern Kentucky and Meadville Member (Kinderhookian or Osagian) specimens from the Cuyahoga Formation of northeast Ohio are usually preserved as flattened tubes. In both occurrences tubes are similar in width, indicating that individuals in each assemblage are probably the same age. Meadville tubes possess characteristics diagnostic of Sphenothallus, but Bedford-Berea specimens, which lack longitudinal thickenings and exhibit little tube tapering, cannot be assigned to Sphenothallus sensu strictu.Sphenothallus was a gregarious, opportunistic species, tolerant of dysaerobic conditions and able to colonize environments ranging from hardgrounds to soft, muddy sea bottoms. No distinct branching was observed among the Chagrin, Bedford-Berea, or Meadville specimens, suggesting that larval dispersal was the primary mode of reproduction for the genus.

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Ramos, Matthew J., D. Nicolas Espinoza, Carlos Torres-Verdín, and Tarun Grover. "Use of S-wave anisotropy to quantify the onset of stress-induced microfracturing." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): MR201—MR212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0579.1.

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Microfracturing and induced elastic anisotropy impart changes on body wave velocities with implications to seismic and wellbore testing methods and interpretation. We have conducted simultaneous triaxial stress tests and ultrasonic wave propagation monitoring to quantify S-wave anisotropy and microfracture development in Berea Sandstone and Silurian Dolomite. The onset of stress-induced microfracturing is detected at the beginning of appreciable S-wave anisotropy called the “S-wave crossover” (SWX). The SWX and subsequent increases in S-wave anisotropy evidence microstructural damage development well before quasistatic indicators such as the volumetric strain point of positive dilatancy (PPD) and yield/failure in all samples. X-ray microtomography confirmed fracture development and allowed for geometric assessment of fracture orientation. Stresses at the SWX and PPD are compared with peak axial stress to understand linkages between damage and ultimate rock strength. In Berea Sandstone, the SWX occurs at 40%–60% of the peak axial stress, whereas in Silurian Dolomite, SWX occurs at approximately 60%–80% of the peak axial stress. Results indicate that rock samples undergo irreversible microstructural changes before dilatancy manifests, and earlier than previously thought. Analysis of tangent elastic coefficients indicates that the ratio between the dynamic and static Young’s moduli can change significantly prior to SWX due to elastic and inelastic processes induced by deviatoric loading and ranges from approximately 2:1 to 4:1 for Berea and 2:1 to 7:1 for Silurian. Understanding damage development and the relationship between the dynamic and static responses of rocks provides opportunities to upscale stress-strain behavior to the wellbore environment and for improved geomechanical interpretation from dipole sonic and time-lapse well-log analyses.

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Kang, M., E. Perfect, C. L. Cheng, H. Z. Bilheux, M. Gragg, D. M. Wright, J. M. Lamanna, J. Horita, and J. M. Warren. "Diffusivity and Sorptivity of Berea Sandstone Determined using Neutron Radiography." Vadose Zone Journal 12, no. 3 (March 8, 2013): vzj2012.0135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0135.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Berea'

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