Journal articles: 'Benzaldehyde'

1

Shaw, J. P., F. Schwager, and S. Harayama. "Substrate-specificity of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by TOL plasmid pWW0. Metabolic and mechanistic implications." Biochemical Journal 283, no. 3 (May 1, 1992): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2830789.

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The substrate-specificities of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, encoded by TOL plasmid pWW0 of Pseudomonas putida mt-2, were determined. The rates of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase-catalysed oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols and reduction of substituted benzaldehydes were independent of the electronic nature of the substituents at positions 3 and 4. Substitutions at position 2 of benzyl alcohol affected the reactivity of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase: the velocity of the benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase-catalysed oxidation was lower for compounds possessing electron-withdrawing substitutions. In the reverse reaction of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, none of the substitutions tested influenced the apparent kcat. values. The rates of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase-catalysed oxidation of substituted benzaldehydes were influenced by the electronic nature of the substitutions: electron-withdrawing groups at positions 3 and 4 favoured the oxidation of benzaldehydes. Substitution at position 2 of benzaldehyde greatly diminished the benzaldehyde dehydrogenase-catalysed oxidation. Substitution at position 2 with electron-donating groups essentially abolished reactivity, and only substitutions that were strongly electron-withdrawing, such as nitro and fluoro groups, permitted enzyme-catalysed oxidation. The influence of the electronic nature and the position of substitutions on the aromatic ring of the substrate on the velocity of the catalysed reactions provided some indications concerning the transition state during the oxidation of the substrates, and on the rate-limiting steps of the enzymes. Pseudomonas putida mt-2 containing TOL plasmid pWW0 cannot grow on toluene derivatives substituted at position 2, nor can it grow on 2-substituted benzyl alcohols or aldehydes. One of the reasons for this may be the substrate-specificities of the benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase.

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Chalmers, R. M., and C. A. Fewson. "Purification and characterization of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase I from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus." Biochemical Journal 263, no. 3 (November 1, 1989): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2630913.

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Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase I was purified from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus by DEAE-Sephacel, phenyl-Sepharose and f.p.l.c. gel-filtration chromatography. The enzyme was homogeneous and completely free from the isofunctional enzyme benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II, as judged by denaturing and non-denaturing polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The subunit Mr value was 56,000 (determined by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis). Estimations of the native Mr value by gel-filtration chromatography gave values of 141,000 with a f.p.l.c. Superose 6 column, but 219,000 with Sephacryl S300. Chemical cross-linking of the enzyme subunits indicated that the enzyme is tetrameric. Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase I was activated more than 100-fold by K+, Rb+ and NH4+, and the apparent Km for K+ was 11.2 mM. The pH optimum in the presence of K+ was 9.5 and the pI of the enzyme was 5.55. The apparent Km values for benzaldehyde and NAD+ were 0.69 microM and 96 microM respectively, and the maximum velocity was approx. 110 mumol/min per mg of protein. Various substituted benzaldehydes were oxidized at significant rates, and NADP+ was also used as cofactor, although much less effectively than NAD+. Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase I had an NAD+-activated esterase activity with 4-nitrophenol acetate as substrate, and the dehydrogenase activity was inhibited by a range of thiol-blocking reagents. The absorption spectrum indicated that there was no bound cofactor or prosthetic group. Some of the properties of the enzyme are compared with those of other aldehyde dehydrogenases, specifically the very similar isofunctional enzyme benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II from the same organism.

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Handayani, Sri, Sunarto, Sunarto,, and Susila Kristianingrum. "OPTIMIZATION OF TIME REACTION AND HYDROXIDE ION CONCENTRATION ON FLAVONOID SYNTHESIS FROM BENZALDEHYDE AND ITS DERIVATIVES." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 2 (June 14, 2010): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21825.

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The aim of this research is to determine the optimum time of reaction and concentration of hydroxide ion on chalcone, 4-methoxychalcone and 3,4-dimethoxychalcone synthesis. Chalcone and its derivatives were synthesized by dissolving KOH in ethanol followed by dropwise addition of acetophenone and benzaldehyde. Then, the mixture was stirred for several hours. Three benzaldehydes has been used, i.e : benzaldehyde, p-anysaldehyde and veratraldehyde. The time of reaction was varied for, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hours. Furthermore, on the optimum reaction time for each benzaldehyde the hydroxyl ion concentration was varied from 5,7,9,11 and 13%(w/v). The results of this research suggested that the optimum time of chalchone synthesis was 12 hours, while, 4-methoxychalcone and 3,4-dimethoxychalcone were 30 hours. The optimum concentration of hydroxide ion of chalcone synthesis was 13% and for 4-methoxychalcone and 3,4-dimethoxychalcone were 11%. Keywords: Chalcone synthesis, time of reaction, hydroxide ion concentration.

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4

Young, Jay A. "Benzaldehyde." Journal of Chemical Education 82, no. 12 (December 2005): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed082p1770.

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Huyen, Nga Hoang, Ulrike Jannsen, Hanaa Mansour, and Norbert Jux. "Introducing the Staudinger phosphazene reaction to porphyrin chemistry." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 08, no. 12 (December 2004): 1356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424604000714.

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The syntheses, characterizations and transformations of three tetraphenylporphyrins derived from methoxymethylated benzaldehyde 3 are described. Benzaldehyde 3 reacted with pyrrole under Lewis acid catalysis to give dipyrromethane 4 which was used as precursor in porphyrin syntheses. Porphyrins 6, αα-7 and αβ-7 were obtained using conditions for sterically encumbered benzaldehydes, with αα-7 and αβ-7 being atropisomers. The methoxymethyl groups of 6, αα-7 and αβ-7 were transformed into bromomethyl substituents (porphyrins 8, αα-9 and αβ-9) which were easily modified by nucleophilic reaction with the azide anion. Porphyrin azide 10 was subjected to a Staudinger phosphazene formation with triphenylphosphine. Subsequent reaction of the porphyrin phosphazene 12 with carboxylic acids gave acetamide 13, benzamide 14, and ferrocene carboxamide 15, respectively. Kornblum oxidation of monobromomethyl porphyrin 8 gave the formyl derivative 16.

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Ito, Satoru, Yoshihiro Kon, Takuya Nakashima, Dachao Hong, Hideo Konno, Daisuke Ino, and Kazuhiko Sato. "Titania-Catalyzed H2O2 Thermal Oxidation of Styrenes to Aldehydes." Molecules 24, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142520.

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We investigated the selective oxidation of styrenes to benzaldehydes by using a non-irradiated TiO2–H2O2 catalytic system. The oxidation promotes multi-step reactions from styrenes, including the cleavage of a C=C double bond and the addition of an oxygen atom selectively and stepwise to provide the corresponding benzaldehydes in good yields (up to 72%). These reaction processes were spectroscopically shown by fluorescent measurements under the presence of competitive scavengers. The absence of the signal from OH radicals indicates the participation of other oxidants such as hydroperoxy radicals (•OOH) and superoxide radicals (•O2−) into the selective oxidation from styrene to benzaldehyde.

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Chen, Minqi, Jinyue Liang, Yi Liu, Yayue Liu, Chunxia Zhou, Pengzhi Hong, Yi Zhang, and Zhong-Ji Qian. "The Mechanism of Two Benzaldehydes from Aspergillus terreus C23-3 Improve Neuroinflammatory and Neuronal Damage to Delay the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020905.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is the most common cause of dementia in humans worldwide. Although more in-depth research has been carried out on AD, the therapeutic effect of AD is not as expected, and natural active substances are increasingly sought after by scientists. In the present study, we evaluated two benzaldehydes from a coral-derived Aspergillus terreus strain C23-3, their anti-neuroinflammatory activity in microglia (BV-2), and their neuroprotective activity and mechanisms in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22). These include the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2, MAPKs pathways, Tau protein-related pathways, caspases family-related signaling pathways. They also include the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18 and ROS, as well as the level of mitochondrial oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis. The results showed that both benzaldehydes were effective in reducing the secretion of various inflammatory mediators, as well as pro-inflammatory factors. Among these, benzaldehyde 2 inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress and blocked neuronal cell apoptosis through Tau protein-related pathways and caspases family-related signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurological damage. This study reveals that benzaldehyde 2 has potential as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease, and offers a new approach to the high-value use of marine natural products.

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8

Guo, Huan-Mei. "Benzaldehyde propionylhydrazone." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 9 (August 10, 2007): o3787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807038925.

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9

Kong, Lingqian, Yan Qiao, Ji-Dong Zhang, and Xiu-Ping Ju. "Benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 64, no. 12 (November 22, 2008): o2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536808038270.

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10

Chen, Kuang-Yao, Yi-Ju Chen, Chien-Ju Cheng, Kai-Yuan Jhan, and Lian-Chen Wang. "Benzaldehyde Attenuates the Fifth Stage Larval Excretory–Secretory Product of Angiostrongylus cantonensis-Induced Injury in Mouse Astrocytes via Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress." Biomolecules 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12020177.

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Excretory–secretory products (ESPs) are the main research targets for investigating the hosts and helminths interaction. Parasitic worms can migrate to parasitic sites and avoid the host immune response by secreting this product. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes severe neuropathological damage and symptoms, including eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans. Benzaldehydes are organic compounds composed of a benzene ring and formyl substituents. This compound has anti-inflammatory and antioxidation properties. Previous studies showed that 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBA) can reduce apoptosis in A. cantonensis ESP-treated astrocytes. These results on the protective effect underlying benzaldehyde have primarily focused on cell survival. The study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and oxidative stress in astrocytes in A. cantonensis ESP-treated astrocytes and to evaluate the therapeutic consequent of 3-HBA and 4-HBA. First, we initially established the RNA-seq dataset in each group, including normal, ESPs, ESPs + 3-HBA, and ESPs + 4-HBA. We also found that benzaldehyde (3-HBA and 4-HBA) can stimulate astrocytes to express ER stress-related molecules after ESP treatment. The level of oxidative stress could also be decreased in astrocytes by elevating antioxidant activity and reducing ROS generation. These results suggested that benzaldehyde may be a potential therapeutic compound for human angiostrongyliasis to support brain cell survival by inducing the expression levels of ER stress- and oxidative stress-related pathways.

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11

Hargitai, Csilla, Györgyi Koványi-Lax, Tamás Nagy, Péter Ábrányi-Balogh, András Dancsó, Gábor Tóth, Judit Halász, Angéla Pandur, Gyula Simig, and Balázs Volk. "Rearrangement of o-(pivaloylaminomethyl)benzaldehydes: an experimental and computational study." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (July 13, 2020): 1636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.136.

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Treatment of alkoxy-substituted o-(pivaloylaminomethyl)benzaldehydes under acidic conditions resulted in the formation of the regioisomeric aldehydes and/or dimer-like products. Detailed NMR studies and single-crystal X-ray measurements supported the structure elucidation of the compounds. DFT calculations were also carried out to clarify the reaction mechanism, and to explain the observed product distributions and structural variances in the dimer-like products. Studies on the transformation of unsubstituted o-(pivaloylaminomethyl)benzaldehyde under similar conditions were presented as well.

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12

Zhang, H. H., C. K. Qin, Y. Chen, and Z. Zhang. "Inhibition behaviour of mild steel by three new benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 : experimental and computational study." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 8 (August 2019): 190192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190192.

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Three new benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives namely benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (BST), 4-carboxyl benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (PBST) and 2-carboxyl benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (OCT) were synthesized and their inhibition effects on mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution were studied systematically using gravimetric and electrochemical measurements. Weight loss results revealed that PBST exhibited the highest inhibition efficiency of 96.6% among the investigated compounds when the concentration was 300 µM. The analysis of polarization curves indicated that the three benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives acted as mixed type inhibitors and PBST and OCT predominantly anodic. The adsorption process of all these benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives on Q235 steel surface in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution conformed to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to show the presence of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives on Q235 mild steel surface. The results of theoretical calculations were in good agreement with that of experimental measurements.

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13

Jeyanthi, Fatima, G. Vijayakiiinarand, and K. P. Elango. "The effect of solvent on the kinetics of the oxidation of benzaldehydes by quinolinium chlorochromate in aqueous organic solvent media." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67, no. 12 (2002): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0212803j.

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The kinetics of the oxidation of benzaldehyde and para-substituted benzaldehydes by quinolinium chlorochromate in water-dimethylformamide mixtures has been studied under pseudo-first-order conditions at 25?0.2?C. The operation of non-specific and specific solvent-solute interactions was explored by correlating the rate data with solvent parameters through a correlation analysis technique. Both electron-releasing and electron-withdrawing substitutents enhance the rate of oxidation and the Hammett plot shows a break in the reactivity order indicating the applicability of a dual mechanism.

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14

Lomascolo, A., L. Lesage-Meessen, M. Labat, D. Navarro, M. Delattre, and M. Asther. "Enhanced benzaldehyde formation by a monokaryotic strain of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus using a selective solid adsorbent in the culture medium." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 8 (August 15, 1999): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-056.

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A monokaryotic strain of the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus was shown to produce, in a 2-L bioreactor culture, 100 mg·L-1 benzaldehyde (bitter almond aroma) from L-phenylalanine with a productivity of 33 mg·L-1·day-1. The addition of HP20 resin, a styrene divinylbenzene copolymer highly selective for benzaldehyde, enabled an eightfold increase in the production of benzaldehyde and a twofold increase in productivity. In the presence of HP20 resin, the production of 790 mg·L-1 benzaldehyde was concomitant with the synthesis of cinnamic acid derivatives of high organoleptic notes such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, and methyl cinnamate.Key words : benzaldehyde, L-phenylalanine, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, adsorbents.

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15

Chalmers, R. M., J. N. Keen, and C. A. Fewson. "Comparison of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases and benzaldehyde dehydrogenases from the benzyl alcohol and mandelate pathways in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and from the TOL-plasmid-encoded toluene pathway in Pseudomonas putida. N-terminal amino acid sequences, amino acid compositions and immunological cross-reactions." Biochemical Journal 273, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2730099.

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1. N-Terminal sequences were determined for benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, benzaldehyde dehydrogenase I and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus N.C.I.B. 8250, benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by the TOL plasmid pWW53 in Pseudomonas putida MT53 and yeast K(+)-activated aldehyde dehydrogenase. Comprehensive details of the sequence determinations have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50161 (5 pages) at the British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa. Wetherby. West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1991) 273. 5. The extent of sequence similarity suggests that the benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases are related to each other and also to established members of the family of long-chain Zn2(+)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II from Acinetobacter appears to be related to the Pseudomonas TOL-plasmid-encoded benzaldehyde dehydrogenase. The yeast K(+)-activated aldehyde dehydrogenase has similarity of sequence with the mammalian liver cytoplasmic class of aldehyde dehydrogenases but not with any of the Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas enzymes. 2. Antisera were raised in rabbits against the three Acinetobacter enzymes and both of the Pseudomonas enzymes, and the extents of the cross-reactions were determined by immunoprecipitation assays with native antigens and by immunoblotting with SDS-denatured antigens. Cross-reactions were detected between the alcohol dehydrogenases and also among the aldehyde dehydrogenases. This confirms the interpretation of the N-terminal sequence comparisons and also indicates that benzaldehyde dehydrogenase I from Acinetobacter may be related to the other two benzaldehyde dehydrogenases. 3. The amino acid compositions of the Acinetobacter and the Pseudomonas enzymes were determined and the numbers of amino acid residues per subunit were calculated to be: benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and TOL-plasmid-encoded benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, 381; benzaldehyde dehydrogenase I and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II, 525; TOL-plasmid-encoded benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, 538.

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Shan, Shang, Duan-Jun Xu, Chen-Hsiung Hung, Jing-Yun Wu, and Michael Y. Chiang. "Benzaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 59, no. 3 (February 18, 2003): o135—o136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270103002464.

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17

Gu, Sheng-Jiu, and Kai-Mei Zhu. "Benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone monohydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 64, no. 8 (July 26, 2008): o1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536808022769.

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Qian, Shao-Song, and Hong-You Cui. "4-(Methylsulfonyl)benzaldehyde." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 12 (November 7, 2009): o3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809046406.

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Gao, Bo, and Jian-Liang Zhu. "4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 64, no. 7 (June 7, 2008): o1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053680801581x.

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20

Wong, W. T., and S. M. Lee. "2-(Phenylmethylthio)benzaldehyde." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 51, no. 10 (October 15, 1995): 2137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270195005981.

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21

Kennedy, Alan R., Zaccheus R. Kipkorir, Claire I. Muhanji, and Maurice O. Okoth. "4-(Benzyloxy)benzaldehyde." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 66, no. 8 (July 24, 2010): o2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536810027200.

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22

Wang, Hongli, Wenyuan Xu, Bin Zhang, Wenjing Xiao, and Hong Wu. "4-(Diphenylamino)benzaldehyde." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 1 (December 17, 2008): o149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536808042311.

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23

Gao, Baojiao, Liqin Zhang, and Dandan Zhang. "Effects of structures of bidentate Schiff base type bonded-ligands derived from benzaldehyde on the photoluminescence performance of polymer–rare earth complexes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 6 (2018): 4373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07590a.

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Two kinds of bidentate Schiff base ligands derived from benzaldehyde, benzaldehyde/m-aminophenol (BAMA) type and benzaldehyde/glutamic acid (BAGL) type ligands, were synchronously synthesized and bonded on the backbone of polysulfone (PSF) through molecular design and by polymer reactions, and two functional polymers, PSF-BAMA and PSF-BAGL, were obtained.

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Jayashree, B. S., Gurushyam Sri, and A. Pai. "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER EVALUATION OF NOVEL FLAVONE-4-OXIMES." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 11 (November 28, 2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.11.11170.

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A series of novel flavone-4-oximes were synthesized by the oximation of substituted flavones. The synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectrochemical methods including IR, MS and NMR spectroscopy. Out of the 14 test compounds screened for their antioxidant activity, compounds such as JGS-VI (a N,N dimethyl benzaldehyde derivative) and JGS-VII (a 3,4 dimethoxy benzaldehyde derivative) exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to that of ascorbic acid and quercetin as standards following DPPH method. Compounds such as JGS-II (a p-fluoro benzaldehyde derivative), JGS-IV (a p-methyl benzaldehyde derivative) and JGS-V (a thiophene-2-aldehyde derivative) exhibited antioxidant activity among all the test compounds screened against ABTS. However, none of them showed any significant scavenging activity against nitric oxide scavenging assay in the concentration range of 200 μM-25μM. Further, anti-cancer potency for all the test compounds were evaluated by MTT assay against two different cell lines namely MCF-7 and Hep-G2. Compounds such as JGS-I (a p-chloro benzaldehyde derivative), JGS-II (a p-fluoro benzaldehyde derivative), JGS-IV, JGS-V (a thiophene -2-aldehyde derivative), JGS-VI and JGS-IX (a 3,4 chloro benzaldehyde derivative) exhibited activity better than the rest of the test compounds tested against MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds such as JGS-VI, JGS-VII, JGS-VIII (a p-bromo benzaldehyde derivative) and JGS-IX exhibited anti-cancer activity better than other test compounds tested against Hep-G2 cell lines. Thus, a few of the synthesized test compounds could become promising anti-cancer agents.

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Barros, Aline Ferreira, Vicente Paulo Campos, Denilson Ferreira de Oliveira, Fabiola de Jesus Silva, Iselino Nogueira Jardim, Viviane Aparecida Costa, Carlos Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo, Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro, and Geraldo Humberto Silva. "Activities of essential oils from three Brazilian plants and benzaldehyde analogues against Meloidogyne incognita." Nematology 21, no. 10 (2019): 1081–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003276.

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Summary There is a demand for novel products for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes, so we characterised the effectiveness of some plant essential oils against Meloidogyne incognita and verified the efficiency of the major component from the most toxic oils and their analogues using in vitro and in vivo assays. In this study, the essential oils from Piptadenia viridiflora, Hyptis suaveolens and Astronium graveolens against M. incognita were evaluated, but only P. viridiflora oil showed toxicity toward M. incognita. Benzaldehyde was its main component according to GC-MS analysis. In in vitro assays, benzaldehyde (100 and 200 μg ml−1) and its oxime (400 μg ml−1) caused a higher rate of M. incognita second-stage juvenile (J2) mortality than the nematicide carbofuran (170 μg ml−1). Reductions of more than 90% in the number of galls and eggs, even greater than that observed with carbofuran, were observed in the assay where the J2 were placed in solutions of benzaldehyde and its oxime 48 h prior to tomato plant inoculation. Application of benzaldehyde together with M. incognita J2 to the substrate resulted only in a reduction in the number of eggs (42-65%); however, its oxime reduced both the number of galls (43-84%) and eggs (23-89%). Therefore, the P. viridiflora oil, its major component benzaldehyde, and the analogue benzaldehyde oxime are toxic to M. incognita. In two different in vivo assays, benzaldehyde oxime was confirmed as toxic to M. incognita with a greater efficacy than benzaldehyde.

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Neamah, Rawaa, and Shaimaa Adnan. "Study the Biological Activity for Shiff Base and Β – Lactam Compounds that Synthesis and Identification from Pyrimidine Derivatives." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance 11, no. 01 (January 25, 2013): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.1.12.

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In This study We are synthesis and characterization of some Schiff base and β- lactam derivatives) by three steps. The First react 2-amino-4-Chloro-6-methyl pyrimidine with 4-amino acetophenone in an acid medium to get shiff base derivative(E)-4-(1-((4-Chloro-6-methyl pyridine-2-yl)imino)ethyl)aniline (1), the second step (1) react with (3,4- dimethoxybenzal dehyde,4-methyl benzaldehyde,4-dimethylamino benzaldehyde,4-bromo benzaldehyde,4–hydroxy benzaldehyde, 4-Nitro benzaldehyde) to get Schiff base derivatives (2-7), the last step (2-7) derivatives react with Chloro acetyl chloride to get –β-lactam derivatives.(8-13) All these compounds are characterization by (FTIR), (1 H-NMR),(13C- NMR). After that study, the biological activity for all these derivatives to word two kinds of bacteria study the Enzymatic and Cancer Cell.

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Zhang, Hongming, Jiahe Zhuang, Xiangrui Feng, and Ben Ma. "Co0.6Ni0.4S2/rGO Photocatalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of Imines from Nitroaromatics and Aromatic Alcohols by Transfer Hydrogenation." Coatings 12, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121799.

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Co0.6Ni0.4S2/rGO catalysts exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance for one-step synthesis of N-benzylideneaniline from nitrobenzene and benzyl alcohol by transfer hydrogenation, and the selectivity and yield of N-benzylideneaniline can reach as high as 93% and 77.2%, respectively. The reaction process for the synthesis of imines can be divided into two steps: benzyl alcohol is oxidized to benzaldehyde, while nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline; benzaldehyde and aniline are condensed to form imines. Under visible light irradiation, photo-induced electrons in Co0.6Ni0.4S2/rGO photocatalyst play an important role in activating nitrobenzene and benzaldehyde. Photo-induced holes are mainly responsible for the partial dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Next, aniline molecules condense with benzaldehyde molecules to synthesize imine. The photocatalytic system provides an environmentally friendly for the synthesis of imines and supplies an alternative approach for hydrogen auto-transfer reactions.

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Song, Lei, Juan Francisco García Martín, and Qing-An Zhang. "Encapsulation of Benzaldehyde Produced by the Eco-Friendly Degradation of Amygdalin in the Apricot Kernel Debitterizing Wastewater." Foods 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2024): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13030437.

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In order to fully utilize the by-products of apricot kernel-debitterizing and address the chemical instability of benzaldehyde in the food industry, benzaldehyde was first prepared by adding the apricot kernel powder to degrade the amygdalin present in the apricot kernel-debitterizing water. Subsequently, β-cyclodextrin was employed to encapsulate the benzaldehyde, and its encapsulation efficacy was evaluated through various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, release kinetics fitting inhibitory effect and the effect on Botrytis cinerea. Finally, the encapsulation was explored via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the optimal preparation conditions for the benzaldehyde were 1.8 h, 53 °C and pH 5.8, and the encapsulation of benzaldehyde with β-cyclodextrin (wall–core ratio of 5:1, mL/g) has been verified by the deceleration in the release rate, the enhanced thermal stability and the prolonged inhibition effect against Botrytis cinerea. The encapsulation proceeded spontaneously without steric hindrance in the simulation, which led to a reduction in the hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin. In conclusion, the amygdalin in the debitterizing wastewater can be degraded in an eco-friendly way to produce benzaldehyde by adding apricot kernel powder, which contains β-glucosidase; the encapsulation of benzaldehyde is stable, thus enhancing the utilization of amygdalin in the debitterizing wastewater of apricot kernels.

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MacKintosh, R. W., and C. A. Fewson. "Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Purification and preliminary characterization." Biochemical Journal 250, no. 3 (March 15, 1988): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2500743.

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A quick, reliable, purification procedure was developed for purifying both benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II from a single batch of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus N.C.I.B. 8250. The procedure involved disruption of the bacteria in the French pressure cell and preparation of a high-speed supernatant, followed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL-6B and Matrex Gel Red A, and finally gel filtration through a Superose 12 fast-protein-liquid-chromatography column. The enzymes co-purified as far as the Blue Sepharose CL-6B step were separated on the Matrex Gel Red A column. The final preparations of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II gave single bands on electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions or on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzymes are tetramers, as judged by comparison of their subunit (benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, 39,700; benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II, 55,000) and native (benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, 155,000; benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II, 222,500) Mr values, estimated by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration respectively. The optimum pH values for the oxidation reactions were 9.2 for benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and 9.5 for benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II. The pH optimum for the reduction reaction for benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase was 8.9. The equilibrium constant for oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase was determined to be 3.08 x 10(-11) M; the ready reversibility of the reaction catalysed by benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase necessitated the development of an assay procedure in which hydrazine was used to trap the benzaldehyde formed by the NAD+-dependent oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The oxidation reaction catalysed by benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II was essentially irreversible. The maximum velocities for the oxidation reactions catalysed by benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II were 231 and 76 mumol/min per mg of protein respectively; the maximum velocity of the reduction reaction of benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase was 366 mumol/min per mg of protein. The pI values were 5.0 for benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and 4.6 for benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II. Neither enzyme activity was affected when assayed in the presence of a range of salts. Absorption spectra of the two enzymes showed no evidence that they contain any cofactors such as cytochrome, flavin, or pyrroloquinoline quinone. The kinetic coefficients of the purified enzymes with benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, NAD+ and NADH are also presented.

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Ren, Yangang, Li Zhou, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Véronique Daële, Mahmoud Idir, Steven S. Brown, Branko Ruscic, Robert S. Paton, Max R. McGillen, and A. R. Ravishankara. "Reactions of NO<sub>3</sub> with aromatic aldehydes: gas-phase kinetics and insights into the mechanism of the reaction." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 17 (September 10, 2021): 13537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13537-2021.

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Abstract. Rate coefficients for the reaction of NO3 radicals with a series of aromatic aldehydes were measured in a 7300 L simulation chamber at ambient temperature and pressure by relative and absolute methods. The rate coefficients for benzaldehyde (BA), ortho-tolualdehyde (O-TA), meta-tolualdehyde (M-TA), para-tolualdehyde (P-TA), 2,4-dimethyl benzaldehyde (2,4-DMBA), 2,5-dimethyl benzaldehyde (2,5-DMBA) and 3,5-dimethyl benzaldehyde (3,5-DMBA) were k1= 2.6 ± 0.3, k2= 8.7 ± 0.8, k3= 4.9 ± 0.5, k4= 4.9 ± 0.4, k5= 15.1 ± 1.3, k6= 12.8 ± 1.2 and k7= 6.2 ± 0.6, respectively, in the units of 10−15 cm3 molec.−1 s−1 at 298 ± 2 K. The rate coefficient k13 for the reaction of the NO3 radical with deuterated benzaldehyde (benzaldehyde-d1) was found to be half that of k1. The end product of the reaction in an excess of NO2 was measured to be C6H5C(O)O2NO2. Theoretical calculations of aldehydic bond energies and reaction pathways indicate that the NO3 radical reacts primarily with aromatic aldehydes through the abstraction of an aldehydic hydrogen atom. The atmospheric implications of the measured rate coefficients are briefly discussed.

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31

Rizk, Mohamed, Fawzia Ibrahim, Mohamed Hefnawy, and Jenny Nasr. "Micellar liquid chromatographic analysis of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde in injectable formulations." Acta Pharmaceutica 57, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-007-0019-3.

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Micellar liquid chromatographic analysis of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde in injectable formulationsAn accurate, sensitive and selective reversed-phase micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde. This method was applied in different injectable formulations containing diclofenac, piroxicam, lincomycin and clindamycin. The method showed excellent linearity in the range of 10-100 μg mL-1and 1-20 μg mL-1with the limit of detection (S/N = 3) 0.25 μg mL-1(2.3 x 10-6mol L-1) and 0.12 μg mL-1(1.13 x 10-6mol L-1) for benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde, respectively. The suggested method was successfully applied to the analysis of the studied drugs in bulk with average recoveries of 100.1 ± 1.0% for benzyl alcohol and 100.4 ± 1.6% for benzaldehyde, and to the determination of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde in injectable formulations with the respective average recoveries of 99.8 ± 0.3 and 100.0 ± 0.4%.

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32

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Spectroscopic Study for Resonance Effects on the Carbonyl Double Bond Order in Urea Schiff Bases Which Contain Conjugated System." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 3 (September 4, 2011): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.3.711-716.

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In this work we prepared some schiff bases by condensation urea and benzaldehyde or its derevative ( bromo benzaldehyde or hydroxy benzaldehyde ) as ( 1 : 1 ) mole ( urea : benzaldehyde or its substitution ) to prepare compounds ( A1 , B1 , C1 , D1 , E1 , F1 , G1 ) and ( 1 : 2 ) mole ( urea : benzaldehyde or its substitution ) to prepare compounds ( A2 , B2 , C2 , D2 , E1 , F2 , G2 ) . The prepared compounds identified spectroscopic by infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and Thin layer chromotography T.L.C . The force constant calculated from the wave number for the carbonyl stretching from FT-IR chart and by using the following equation K = 4?2C2?'2? The change in double bond order for carbonyl deteremined in according with some past research by compare the force constant for the prepared compounds with the force constant in past research and calculated bond order statistically by extract the curve equation and calculated the bond order by application curve equation .

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33

Kshash, Abdullah H., Mohammed O. Ezzat, and Ziad K. Abdul Razzak. "Spectroscopic Study for Resonance Effects on the Carbonyl Double Bond Order in Urea Schiff Bases Which Contain Conjugated System." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 3 (September 4, 2011): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2011.8.3.711-716.

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In this work we prepared some schiff bases by condensation urea and benzaldehyde or its derevative ( bromo benzaldehyde or hydroxy benzaldehyde ) as ( 1 : 1 ) mole ( urea : benzaldehyde or its substitution ) to prepare compounds ( A1 , B1 , C1 , D1 , E1 , F1 , G1 ) and ( 1 : 2 ) mole ( urea : benzaldehyde or its substitution ) to prepare compounds ( A2 , B2 , C2 , D2 , E1 , F2 , G2 ) . The prepared compounds identified spectroscopic by infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and Thin layer chromotography T.L.C . The force constant calculated from the wave number for the carbonyl stretching from FT-IR chart and by using the following equation K = 4?2C2?'2? The change in double bond order for carbonyl deteremined in according with some past research by compare the force constant for the prepared compounds with the force constant in past research and calculated bond order statistically by extract the curve equation and calculated the bond order by application curve equation .

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Nyquist, Richard A. "Infrared Study of 4-Substituted Benzaldehydes in Dilute Solution in Various Solvents: The Carbonyl Stretching Mode." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 2 (February 1992): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125645.

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The carbonyl stretching mode in some of the 4- x-benzaldehydes is in Fermi resonance with an overtone of a fundamental which occurs at lower frequency. In general, the unperturbed vC=O frequencies for 4- x-benzaldehydes do appear to correlate with the σp values of the 4- x atom or group. The AN values of the solvents show a pseudo-correlation with the carbonyl and vasym. NO2 stretch vibrations of 4- x-benzaldehyde. However, neither σp nor AN values appear to take into account solute/solvent interactions such as intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the C=O group and with other sites in the molecule such as the phenyl group π system and with the electronic system of other functional groups, since the points in each plot do not correlate in the exact manner in each case.

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Abd alazez, Enas k., Ayad M. R. Raauf, and Karima F. Ali. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of New Derivatives of Imidazolidine having Sulfamethoxazole Moiety." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v19i4.655.

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This work includes Synthesis of new series of sulfa drugs derived from sulfamethoxazole containing substituted Imidazolidine moiety. These compounds expected to have antibacterial activity, due to their Imidazolidine moiety This work includes synthesis of some new Schiff bases (II1-5) by condensation of sulfamethoxazole drug(I) with some aldehydes (1-5) (benzaldehyde, p-chloro benzaldehyde, p-nitro benzaldehyde, p-hyroxy benzaldehyde and p-N, N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde). These Schiff bases were found to react with glycine, to prepared new imidazolidine derivatives (III1-5). The prepared compounds were characterized by physical properties, FT-IR and of the 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The preliminary study of antibacterial activity of final compounds has considered by well diffusion method. The tested compounds displayed effect against gram negative bacteria:( Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pyougenes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria), which compared to DMSO as control, and good activity compared to sulfamethoxazole as standard.

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36

Sun, Xue Nan, Li Cui, Tong Kuan Xu, and Da Zhi Wang. "Synthesis of Benzaldehyde 1, 2-Propanediol Acetal by Using Ionic Liquid [Hmim]HSO₄ as Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.400.

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Benzaldehyde 1, 2-propanediol acetal was synthesized from benzaldehyde and 1, 2-propanediol in the presence of ionic liquid [HMIM]HSO4. The effect of the amount of catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of raw materials agent on the product yield was investigated respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that ionic liquid [HMIM]HSO4is a good catalyst for preparation of benzaldehyde 1, 2-propanediol acetal. Results showed the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of benzaldehyde to 1, 2-propanediol is 1：1.3, the amount of catalyst is 3.0g, the reaction temperature is 343K, and the reaction time is 4h. The achieved yield of acetal is 78. 7%.

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Li, Xuan Zhong, Jeremy S. Webb, Staffan Kjelleberg, and Bettina Rosche. "Enhanced Benzaldehyde Tolerance in Zymomonas mobilis Biofilms and the Potential of Biofilm Applications in Fine-Chemical Production." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 2 (February 2006): 1639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.2.1639-1644.2006.

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ABSTRACT Biotransformation plays an increasingly important role in the industrial production of fine chemicals due to its high product specificity and low energy requirement. One challenge in biotransformation is the toxicity of substrates and/or products to biocatalytic microorganisms and enzymes. Biofilms are known for their enhanced tolerance of hostile environments compared to planktonic free-living cells. Zymomonas mobilis was used in this study as a model organism to examine the potential of surface-associated biofilms for biotransformation of chemicals into value-added products. Z. mobilis formed a biofilm with a complex three-dimensional architecture comprised of microcolonies with an average thickness of 20 μm, interspersed with water channels. Microscopic analysis and metabolic activity studies revealed that Z. mobilis biofilm cells were more tolerant to the toxic substrate benzaldehyde than planktonic cells were. When exposed to 50 mM benzaldehyde for 1 h, biofilm cells exhibited an average of 45% residual metabolic activity, while planktonic cells were completely inactivated. Three hours of exposure to 30 mM benzaldehyde resulted in sixfold-higher residual metabolic activity in biofilm cells than in planktonic cells. Cells inactivated by benzaldehyde were evenly distributed throughout the biofilm, indicating that the resistance mechanism was different from mass transfer limitation. We also found that enhanced tolerance to benzaldehyde was not due to the conversion of benzaldehyde into less toxic compounds. In the presence of glucose, Z. mobilis biofilms in continuous cultures transformed 10 mM benzaldehyde into benzyl alcohol at a steady rate of 8.11 g (g dry weight)−1 day−1 with a 90% molar yield over a 45-h production period.

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Mao, Zhilei, Rui Yuan, Xu Wang, Kaipeng Xie, and Bo Xu. "Serum Concentrations of Benzaldehyde, Isopentanaldehyde and Sex Hormones: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Toxics 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2023): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070573.

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Exposure to environmental chemicals could disturb the balance of sex hormones. However, the studies on Benzaldehyde, Isopentanaldehyde exposure and sex hormones are still limited. Based on the data of 1064 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we used the linear regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model to evaluate the associations of Benzaldehyde/Isopentanaldehyde exposure with testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI) and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2). A ln-unit increase in Benzaldehyde was associated with lower TT (β = −0.048, P = 0.030) and E2 (β = −0.094, P = 0.046) in all participants. After further adjustment for menopausal status, Benzaldehyde was negatively associated with E2 (β = −0.174, P = 0.045) in females. The interaction between Benzaldehyde and gender was significant (Pinter = 0.031). However, Isopentanaldehyde showed a positive association with SHBG and TT/E2 in all participants (all P < 0.05). The positive associations of Isopentanaldehyde with TT, SHBG and TT/E2 were found in males but not in females. RCS plots illustrated the linear associations of Benzaldehyde with E2 (Pnon-linear = 0.05) in females and Isopentanaldehyde with TT (Pnon-linear = 0.07) and TT/E2 (Pnon-linear = 0.350) in males. The non-linear relationships were identified between Isopentanaldehyde and SHBG in males (Pnon-linear = 0.035). Our findings indicated the effects of Benzaldehyde and Isopentanaldehyde exposure on sex hormones, and the effects had the gender specificity. Cohort studies and high-quality in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to confirm the specific effects and uncover the underlying mechanisms.

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Dessaux, Odile, Christian Dupret, and Pierre Goudmand. "Formation de l'état triplet du benzaldéhyde dans sa réaction en phase gazeuse avec l'azote activé." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 998–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-168.

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Darmokoesoemo, Handoko, Suyanto Suyanto, Leo Satya Anggara, Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon, and Heri Septya Kusuma. "Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Benzaldehyde as Anticorrosion Agent on Steel." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4397867.

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Corrosion is one of the problems that is often found in daily life especially in petroleum and gas industry. Carboxymethyl chitosan- (CMC-) benzaldehyde was synthesized as corrosion inhibitor for steel. Corrosion rate was determined by potentiostatic polarization method in HCl 1 M. Dripping and coating, two different treatment, were used to drop and coat steel by CMC-benzaldehyde. The results showed that CMC-benzaldehyde could inhibit the corrosion rate of steel with concentration of 1 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g in 60 mL of solvent. Coating steel with CMC-benzaldehyde with concentration of 7 g/60 mL of solvent and starch of 0.1 g/mL showed the highest efficiency to inhibit corrosion rate of steel. These treatments give corrosion efficiency of 99.8%.

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Bijudas, K., and P. Bashpa. "Oxidation of Benzaldehyde and Substituted Benzaldehydes by Permanganate under Phase Transfer Catalysis in Non Polar Solvents." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 5, no. 3 (December 17, 2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v5.n3.p1.

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<div><p class="Affiliation"><em>Phase transfer catalysed oxidation of benzaldehyde and substituted benzaldehydes by permanganate ion have been studied in non polar solvents like ethyl acetate and toluene. The obtained products were charecterised by melting point determination and infra red spectral analysis. Benzoic acid and corresponding substituted benzoic acids were formed as the product with very high yield. The oxidation reactions were carried out by using various quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts as phase transfer catalyst. The effect of non polar solvents and various phase transfer catalysts on yield of product was also carried out.</em></p></div>

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42

Mansoor, S. Sheik, and S. Syed Shafi. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes by Imidazolium Dichromate in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, s1 (2009): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/520170.

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The kinetics of oxidation of benzaldehyde (BA) andpara-substituted benzaldehydes by imidazolium dichromate (IDC) has been studied in aqueous acetic acid medium in the presence of perchloric acid. The reaction is first order each in [IDC], [Substrate] and [H+]. The reaction rates have been determined at different temperatures and the activation parameters calculated. Electron withdrawing substituents are found to increase the reaction and electron releasing substituents are found to retard the rate of the reaction and the rate data obey the Hammett relationship. The products of the oxidation are the corresponding acids. The rate decreases with the increase in the water content of the medium. A suitable mechanism is proposed.

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Niu, Qun, Linlin Xing, and Chunbao Li. "From organocatalysed desilylations to high-yielding benzylidenations of electron-deficient benzaldehydes." Journal of Chemical Research 41, no. 6 (June 2017): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751917x14955339414758.

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A new type of organoprecatalyst (MeSCH2Cl/KI) for desilylation and benzylidenation reactions has been designed. Both reactions are user friendly and high yielding (71–>99%) and have fast reaction rates. The desilylation of iodo silyl ethers was achieved with no sequential etherification side reactions like those seen for reactions when using TBAF. In the application of the catalytic system to a 6-TBDMS ether of a glucoside, glucoside benzylidenations using electron-deficient benzaldehydes were achieved in 87% yield compared with the previously reported yields of 69–77%. Altogether, 14 benzylidenation reactions were realised using silyloxy alcohols and electron-deficient benzaldehydes instead of their activated acetal forms. In terms of reaction rates and yields, the order of the benzylidenations is p-fluorobenzaldehyde > benzaldehyde > p-anisaldehyde, and a possible mechanism is discussed. These experiments have preliminarily differentiated this cost-effective catalytic system from the classic Lewis acids.

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Nierop Groot, Masja N., and Jan A. M. de Bont. "Conversion of Phenylalanine to Benzaldehyde Initiated by an Aminotransferase in Lactobacillus plantarum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 3009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.3009-3013.1998.

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ABSTRACT The production of benzaldehyde from phenylalanine has been studied in various microorganisms, and several metabolic pathways have been proposed in the literature for the formation of this aromatic flavor compound. In this study, we describe benzaldehyde formation from phenylalanine by using a cell extract of Lactobacillus plantarum. Phenylalanine was initially converted to phenylpyruvic acid by an aminotransferase in the cell extract, and the keto acid was further transformed to benzaldehyde. However, control experiments with boiled cell extract revealed that the subsequent conversion of phenylpyruvic acid was a chemical oxidation step. It was observed that several cations could replace the extract in the conversion of phenylpyruvic acid to benzaldehyde. Addition of Cu(II) ions to phenylpyruvic acid resulted not only in the formation of benzaldehyde, but also in the generation of phenylacetic acid, mandelic acid, and phenylglyoxylic acid. These compounds have been considered intermediates in the biological conversion of phenylalanine. The chemical conversion step of phenylpyruvic acid was dependent on temperature, pH, the availability of cations, and the presence of oxygen.

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Dočolomanský, P., V. Sitkey, and I. Čičová. "The Use of Enzyme Systems of the Genus Prunus for the Production of Benzaldehyde." European Pharmaceutical Journal 69, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2022-0017.

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Abstract Aim Benzaldehyde occurs in a number of plants, especially in the family Rosaceae and in particular in the genus Prunus. In nature, there are more than 100 genera and 3,000 species in the Rosaceae family. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of leaf essential oil of peach (Prunus persica L.) and cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) as a new potential source of natural benzaldehyde. Methods The essential oil was prepared by hydrodistillation, and chemical constituents were determined by GC-FID, GC-MS and chromatographic profiles were compared with each other. Results The results show that essential oil obtained from peach and cherry laurel leaves appear to be a promising source of natural benzaldehyde. Under laboratory conditions the benzaldehyde content in peach and cherry laurel leaves reached 95.5% and 99.7%, respectively. Conclusions Laboratory and pilot experiments confirmed that by processing of 200–300 kg of green leaves of various species of the genus Prunus, especially peach and cherry laurel, 1 kg of benzaldehyde can be obtained.

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Nierop Groot, Masja N., and Jan A. M. de Bont. "Involvement of Manganese in Conversion of Phenylalanine to Benzaldehyde by Lactic Acid Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 5590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.12.5590-5593.1999.

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ABSTRACT We examined the involvement of Mn(II) in the conversion of phenylalanine to benzaldehyde in cell extracts of lactic acid bacteria. Experiments performed with Lactobacillus plantarumdemonstrated that Mn(II), present at high levels in this strain, is involved in benzaldehyde formation by catalyzing the conversion of phenylpyruvic acid. Experiments performed with various lactic acid bacterial strains belonging to different genera revealed that benzaldehyde formation in a strain was related to a high Mn(II) level.

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Wilson, Charles L., Jose M. Solar, Ahmed El Ghaouth, and Deborah R. Fravel. "Benzaldehyde as a Soil Fumigant, and an Apparatus for Rapid Fumigant Evaluation." HortScience 34, no. 4 (July 1999): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.4.681.

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An apparatus was developed for the rapid and facile evaluation of soil fumigants in a controlled manner using small volumes of soil. The apparatus consisted of a manifold to which were attached six canisters containing a loamy sand soil (adjusted to –100 kPa soil water potential). The soil was infested with either conidia of Fusarium oxysporum or Trichoderma harzianum; sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor; ascospores of Talaromyces flavus; vermiculite colonized with Pythium aphanidermatum; or beet (Beta vulgaris L., cv. Detroit Red) seed colonized with Rhizoctonia solani. Using nitrogen gas (N2) as a carrier gas, either N2 or N2 plus benzaldehyde was passed continuously through the soil for 24, 48, or 72 hours. At all three exposure times, benzaldehyde + N2 reduced viability of R. solani and S. minor, and reduced populations of P. aphanidermatum and T. harzianum. Populations of F. oxysporum were reduced after 48 and 72 hours of exposure to benzaldehyde, whereas populations of T. flavus were reduced only after 72 hours of exposure. Fumigation with benzaldehyde + N2 for 24 hours did not affect soil pH 1 week after exposure, but fumigation for 48 or 72 hours temporarily lowered pH from an average of 6.86 to 5.57 and 5.32, respectively. The biocontrol fungus, T. flavus, was less sensitive to benzaldehyde than the pathogens or the biocontrol fungus, T. harzianum. Thus, combining T. flavus with benzaldehyde to enhance biocontrol may be possible.

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Sun, Guorong, Huafeng Fang, Chong Cheng, Peng Lu, Ke Zhang, Amy V. Walker, John-Stephen A. Taylor, and Karen L. Wooley. "Benzaldehyde-Functionalized Polymer Vesicles." ACS Nano 3, no. 3 (February 2, 2009): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn8007977.

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Liu, Xin-Gang, Ya-Qing Feng, Dong-Qing Liu, and Yao Zhao. "4-[(Phenyldiazenyl)amino]benzaldehyde." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 61, no. 7 (June 17, 2005): o2185—o2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536805018751.

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Zhao, Bang-Tun, Jian-Ge Wang, Pu-Zhou Hu, Lu-Fang Ma, and Li-Ya Wang. "o-(2-Bromoethoxy)benzaldehyde." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 61, no. 8 (July 6, 2005): o2398—o2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536805020799.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Benzaldehyde'

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