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Academic literature on the topic 'Bentonite – Perméabilité'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bentonite – Perméabilité"
KHEDIM, Imane, Laouni GAIDI, and Chahira SAYAD GAIDI. "Étude et réparation des fuites d’eau du barrage d’El Chorfa (Algérie) : injection d’un coulis ciment-bentonite." TSM 12 2023, TSM 12 2023 (December 20, 2023): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202312201.
Full textJozja, Nevila, Patrick Baillif, Jean-Claude Touray, Charles-Henri Pons, Fabrice Muller, and Carole Burgevin. "Impacts « multi-échelle » d'un échange (Mg,Ca)–Pb et ses conséquences sur l'augmentation de la perméabilité d'une bentonite." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 335, no. 9 (September 2003): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0713(03)00129-9.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Bentonite – Perméabilité"
Jozja, Nevila. "Etude de matériaux argileux albanais : caractérisation multi-échelle d'une bentonite magnésienne : impact de l'interaction avec le nitrate de plomb sur la perméabilité." Orléans, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003740.
Full textBarast, Gilles. "Etude de la continuité des états liquides et solides pour les géomatériaux traités constituants les barrières d’étanchéité hydraulique." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0117/these.pdf.
Full textTo comply with waste containment liners regulatory requirements, bentonite (moisture-reactive clay) based hydraulic sealing systems may be required, possibly enhanced using innovative polymer reinforcement. Due to the low hydraulic conductivity, the testing lime for characterisation in the laboratory is long, which makes it difficult for rapid engineering design. Pioneering investigations, as weil as new quick hydraulic indexes, are called for. Accordingly, experimental studies were undertaken on the geomaterials in their higher hydraulic conductivity liquid state, based on rheology and filtration. Liquid state rheological parameters were experimentally transposed into solid state soli mechanics parameters (specifically hydraulic conductivity). This methodology was based on test results for various bentonites, fluids (including water and CaCI2) two polymers and sand, for compacted sand-bentonite-polymer mixtures. Observations from HMC investigations, from the literature, and from rheology and. Filtration testing, showed compatibility for bentonite polymer-fluid mixtures over a range of states. Dynamic rheology testing was found to provide the most appropriate parameters to formulate a hydraulic performance index. Two approaches were adopted (gel and swelling), linking the hydraulic conductivity with rheological parameters. Linear correlations were observed, dependent on the fluid chemistry and polymer addition, manifesting the mixing affect and the significance of a liquid-solid continuum
Jozja, Nevila. "Étude de matériaux argileux albanais. Caractérisation "multi-échelle" d'une bentonite magnésienne." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003740.
Full textBarral, Camille. "Etude des transferts d'eau et de gaz dans les géomatériaux argileux utilisés dans les couvertures des Installations de Stockage de Déchets Non Dangereux (ISDND)." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0110/these.pdf.
Full textIn a municipal solid waste landfill, the cover must ensure the containment of waste, control water infiltrations, limit biogas leakage to the atmosphere and maintain its characteristics during all the lifespan of the site despite all the stresses to which it is subjected: mechanical, climatic, chemical and hydraulic. The subject of the Ph. D. Thesis is the study of the water and gas transfer through the clayey geomaterials used in landfill cap cover. The water transfer is studied at three scales. On site the hydraulic behaviour of several covers involving Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) is followed with the quantification of the volume of water reaching the solid mass of waste using lysimeters. In laboratory, tests with the oedopermeameter allowed to characterize the initial state of the GCLs and to evaluate possible decrease in performances due to ageing or alteration. Finally, the cap cover of the landfill cell has been reconstructed in six pilot cells. This experimental device allows to compensate the lack of some data which are difficult to achieve during large-scale experimentations. Concerning the gas transfer, a new laboratory method to measure the gas permeability of porous materials with an imposed deformation has been developed using the method of the falling pressure test. This method is applied to laboratory tests to compare different cover liners (Compacted Clay Liners and GCLs)
Liu, Jiangfeng. "Etanchéité de l'interface argilite-bentonite re-saturée et soumise à une pression de gaz, dans le contexte du stockage profond de déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951147.
Full textMendes, Marianna Jacominy de Amorim. "Etude des facteurs qui affectent la performance des géosynthétiques bentonitiques sous flux de gaz et liquides en barrières des installations de stockage de déchets." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU014.
Full textGeosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) are synthetic materials composed by a core of calcium or sodium bentonite, either in powder or granular, bonded to one or more geosynthetic layers (geotextile or geomembrane, in general). These layers are usually bonded by an adhesive, needle-punching, stitch-bonding or sewing. When hydrated and confined, they fulfil functions of liquid or gas barrier with their hydraulic performance depending in most cases on the hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite. Thanks to their low permeability to water and gases, GCLs are often used in municipal solid waste landfill applications, combined to compacted clay liners (CCL) or with geomembranes (GM) as part of both bottom and cover liners. Previous studies were conducted to investigate the most important factors that influence the gas/liquid flow rate through GCLs or composite liners. Although the nature of bentonite is so important in the permeability of the GCLs there is a lack of data in the literature regarding the influence of the nature of the bentonite on the gas flow through GCLs and liquid flow through composite liners involving GCLs. That is what this thesis aims at clarifying. Furthermore, in conjunction with the nature of the bentonite, the impact of the manufacturing process of the GCL on the flow rate and transmissivity at GM-GCL interfaces was also discussed. Two studies were performed: (i) investigation of the GCL permeability to gas simulating the covering conditions of municipal solid waste landfill; (ii) investigation of liquid transfer through composite liners GM-GCL-CCL due to a defect in the geomembrane, simulating typical conditions of bottom liners in landfills. In the first study, an apparatus recently proposed, based on the falling pressure method, was used in tests to verify the GCL permeability to gas. Three stitch bonded GCLs from the same manufacturer differing by the bentonite nature (natural sodium, natural calcium and activated calcium) were tested. The results showed that the gravimetric water content of the GCL necessary to attain a certain permeability value depends on the bentonite nature, which was not observed in terms of volumetric water content. However, other factors showed to be more important than the nature of bentonite in the GCL permeability to gas: the desiccation due to the gas flow can increase significantly the permeability, which compromise the GCL performance as a gas barrier. The second study focused in investigating the influence of the GCL characteristics in the liquid flow through a composite liner under bottom liners solicitations. Four types of GCLs with two different bonding processes (stitch-bonded or needle-punched) and different bentonites (natural sodium or natural calcium) were tested. The results obtained showed no significant differences among flow rate versus time in most of the tests performed, especially after steady-state conditions of flow having been reached. An analytical solution was employed to estimate the transmissivity of the GM-GCL interfaces. This solution also allowed predictions of flow rates and radius of wetted areas for typical configurations of composite liners in the field. The results obtained showed little influence of the nature of the bentonite and the predominance of influence of the presence of preferential flow paths between the geomembrane and the GCL surface on the transmissivity of GM-GCL interfaces and flow rates through composite liners
Geocompostos bentoníticos (GCLs) são materiais sintéticos compostos por um núcleo de bentonita sódica ou cálcica, em pó ou em grânulos, unido a uma ou mais camadas de geossintéticos (geotêxtil ou geomembrana, geralmente). Essas camadas são ligadas por adesivo, agulhagem ou costura. Quando hidratados e confinados, eles cumprem função de barreira de líquidos ou gases com o seu desempenho dependendo, na maioria dos casos, da condutividade hidráulica da bentonita. Graças à baixa permeabilidade aos líquidos e gases, GCLs são comumente usados em aterros sanitários, associados a camada de argila compactada (CCL) e geomembrana (GM) para compor as impermeabilizações de cobertura e fundo dessas instalações. Estudos precedentes investigaram os fatores mais influentes no fluxo de gás/líquidos através de GCLs ou barreiras compostas. Apesar da natureza da bentonita ser tão importante para a permeabilidade dos GCLs, não há dados na literatura a respeito da influência da natureza da bentonita no fluxo de gás através de GCLs ou fluxo de líquidos através de barreiras compostas envolvendo GCLs. Isso é o tema que a presente tese quer esclarecer. Além de estudar a influência da natureza da bentonita, o impacto do processo de manufatura do GCL na vazão e na transmissibilidade na interface GM-GCL também foi discutido. Dois estudos foram conduzidos: (i) investigação da permeabilidade ao gás de GCLs simulando as condições de cobertura de aterros sanitários; (ii) investigação do transporte de líquidos através de barreiras compostas GM-GCL-CCL devido a um dano na geomembrana, sob condições típicas do fundo de aterros sanitários. No primeiro estudo, um equipamento recentemente proposto, cujo funcionamento baseia-se no método da queda de pressão, foi usado em ensaios para verificar a permeabilidade ao gás de GCLs. Três GCLs costurados do mesmo fabricante, diferindo pela natureza da bentonita (sódica natural, cálcica natural e cálcica ativada) foram testados. Os resultados mostram que o teor de umidade gravimétrica necessário para atingir certa permeabilidade depende da natureza da bentonita. O mesmo não foi observado em termos de teor de umidade volumétrica, destacando a importância da estrutura da bentonita na sua permeabilidade. No entanto, outros fatores se mostraram mais importantes do que a natureza da bentonita na permeabilidade ao gás dos GCLs: a dessecação devido ao fluxo de gás pode aumentar significativamente a permeabilidade, o que compromete o desempenho do GCL como barreira. O segundo estudo focou na investigação da influência das características do GCL no transporte de liquido através de uma barreira composta sob condições típicas da base de aterros sanitários. Quatro tipos de GCLs com dois processos de manufatura (costurado ou agulhado) e duas bentonitas diferentes (sódica natural ou cálcica natural) foram ensaiados. Os resultados obtidos mostram que não houve influência significativa de vazão versus tempo para os ensaios conduzidos, especialmente depois de atingido o regime permanente de fluxo. Uma solução analítica foi empregada para estimar a transmissibilidade da interface GM-GCL. Essa solução permitiu também a previsão de vazamento e raio da área molhada em barreiras compostas de dimensões reais. Os resultados obtidos mostram pouca influência da natureza da bentonita na vazão e a predominância de caminhos preferenciais de fluxo na interface transmissível GM-GCL
Liu, JiangFeng. "Etanchéité de l’interface argilite-bentonite re-saturée et soumise à une pression de gaz, dans le contexte du stockage profond de déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0011/document.
Full textIn France, the deep underground nuclear waste repository consists of a natural barrier (in an argillaceous rock named argillite), associated to artificial barriers, including plugs of swelling clay (bentonite)-sand for tunnel sealing purposes. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the sealing efficiency of the bentonite-sand plug in contact with argillite, in presence of both water and gas pressures. To assess the sealing ability of partially water-saturated bentonite/sand plugs, their gas permeability is measured under varying confining pressure (up to 12MPa). It is observed that tightness to gas is achieved under confinement greater than 9MPafor saturation levels of at least 86-91%. We than assess the sealing efficiency of the bentonite-sand plug placed in a tube of argillite or of Plexiglas-aluminium (with a smooth or a rough interface). The presence of pressurized gas affects the effective swelling pressure at values Pgas from 4MPa. Continuous gas breakthrough of fully water-saturated bentonite-sand plugs is obtained for gas pressures on the order of full swelling pressure (7-8MPa), whenever the plug is applied along a smooth interface. Whenever a rough interface is used in contact with the bentonite-sand plug, a gas pressure significantly greater than its swelling pressure is needed for gas to pass continuously. Gas breakthrough tests show that the interface between plug/argillite or the argillite itself are two preferential pathways for gas migration, when the assembly is fully saturated
Gérard-Marchant, Pierre. "Caractérisation hydro-dynamique des transferts d'eau en conditions non saturées dans un milieu déformable à faible perméabilité : application aux matériaux de centre de stockage de déchets." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10155.
Full textMarcial, Duilio. "Comportement hydromécanique et microstructural des matériaux de barrière ouvragée." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENPCA028.
Full textGirard, Anaëlle. "Matériaux hybrides organique-inorganique à base de résine et de particules d'oxydes : application dans les panneau photovoltaïques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0064/document.
Full textIn the current energetic context, the design of efficient solar photovoltaic panels represents one of the solutions to overcome the coming fossil fuels shortage. However, degradation phenomena of the encapsulant, one of the passive materials of the panel, have been evidenced as one of the reasons of the performance decrease. The aim of this PhD research work was to design, characterize and assess the different properties of more environment-friendly new hybrid organic-inorganic encapsulants. In this way, three materials have been developed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), terpenic resins and mineral fillers (silica or clay(Bentonite)). A first material including PVA, resin and silicates, in which both organic and inorganic networksare linked through strong covalent bonds (class II hybrid material), led to thermal and photochemical stabilities, and water vapor and oxygen barriers properties similar to those of commercial encapsulants.Dispersion of silica nanoparticles into PVA/terpenic resin mixture through weak bond then provided a class Ihybrid material showing rather good water vapor barrier properties but optical transmittance too low to beused as an encapsulant, due to the aggregation of the nanoparticles. Finally, despite an optical transparency that should be optimized, a class I hybrid material made of PVA, resin and Bentonite showed promisingbehavior with good thermal, photochemical and water barrier properties and remarkable oxygen barrier properties, which opens up new prospects in the field of food packaging