Academic literature on the topic 'Bentonite pellet'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bentonite pellet"
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Nugroho, Aprilian Adi, Sri Sumarsih, and Bambang Sulistiyanto. "Kandungan Total Bakteri dan Total Fungi pada Pellet Limbah Penetasan yang Dibuat dengan Penambahan Bentonit." Jurnal Agripet 16, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v16i2.3192.
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ABSTRAK. Penelitian efek penambahan bentonit dalam proses pelleting terhadap total bakteri dan total fungi dari produk pellet limbah penetasan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif, telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro. Penambahan bentonit pada proses pelleting diharapkan mengurangi total bakteri dan total fungi pada pellet olahan limbah penetasan, sehingga aman digunakan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif. Pada penelitian ini limbah penetasan yang berupa cangkang telur, telur infertile, telur gagal menetas, serta DOC afkir dan mati dihancurkan, dicampur dengan bentonit dan dibuat pellet, untuk kemudian dianalisis kandungan total bakteri dan total fungi pada produk pellet. Perlakuan bentonit dilakukan dengan aras 0, 2, 4 dan 6% (B/B). Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bentonit dari berbagai level berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01). Pemberian bentonit pada tingkat tertinggi (6%) mampu menekan total bakteri dan total fungi pada kisaran 105 cfu/g. Disimpulkan bahwa bentonit mampu menekan kandungan total bakteri dan total fungi pada produk pellet limbah penetasan. (Numbers of total bacteria and total fungi of hatchery waste pellets that made by adding bentonite) ABSTRACT. A Research about the effect of bentonite addition in the pelletizing process on total bacteria and total fungi of pellet product of hatchery waste as an alternative feedstuff, was done at Feed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University. The addition of bentonite was expected to reduce the number of bacteria and fungi in the pellet product of hatchery waste, therefore, it could be used safely as an alternative feedstuff. In this experiment, the hatchery waste in the forms of eggshell, infertile eggs, un-hatched eggs, dead and culled DOC were blended, mixed with bentonite and pelleted,and then the number of total bacteria and total fungi of pellet was analyzed. The treatment was carried out with the level of bentonite i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 6% (w/w). Completely randomized design (CRD)was applied by 4 treatments and 5 replications of each. Data analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and followed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) to determine differences among the treatments. The results showed that administration of bentonite at various levels significantly affect the number of bacteria and fungi in the hatchery waste pellets (P <0.01). Administration of bentonite at the level of 6% shows the highest value on suppressing the content of total bacteria as well as fungi up to the range of total content 105cfu/g. In conclusion, the bentonite was able to suppress the total amount of bacteria and total fungi in the hatchery waste pellets.
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Liu, Hao, Bing Xie, and Yue-lin Qin. "Effect of Bentonite on the Pelleting Properties of Iron Concentrate." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7639326.
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The physical and chemical properties such as particle size, montmorillonite content, swelling degree, water absorption, and blue absorption of A, B, and C bentonites were studied under laboratory conditions. The effects of adding different quality and different proportion of bentonite on falling strength, compression strength, and shock temperature of green pellet were investigated. The experimental results show that the montmorillonite content, water absorption, and methylene blue absorption of bentonite-B are the highest. And the quality of bentonite-B is the best, followed by bentonite-C and bentonite-A poor quality. When the amount of bentonite-B reduced from 1.5% to 1.0%, the strength of green pellets and the shock temperature both decrease. As the same proportion of A, B, and C bentonites, the green-ball strength and shock temperature are as follows: bentonite-A > bentonite-B > bentonite-C.
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Sivrikaya, Osman, and A. I. Arol. "ALTERNATIVE BINDERS TO BENTONITE FOR IRON ORE PELLETIZING: PART I: EFFECTS ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." HOLOS 3 (July 3, 2014): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2014.1758.
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The use of conventional bentonite binder is favorable in terms of mechanical and metallurgical pellet properties, however, because of its acid constituents bentonite is considered as impurity especially for iron ores with high acidic content. Therefore, alternative binders to bentonite have been tested. Organic binders are the most studied binders and they yield pellets with good wet strength; they fail in terms of preheated and fired pellet strengths. This study was conducted to investigate how insufficient pellet strengths can be improved when organic binders are used as binder. The addition of a low-melting temperature and slag bonding/strength increasing constituent (free in acidic contents) into pellet feed was proposed. Addition of boron compounds such as colemanite, tincal, borax pentahydrate, boric acid together with organic binders such as CMC, starch, dextrin and some organic based binders, into iron oxide pellet was tested. Wet and thermally treated pellet physical-mechanical qualities (balling - moisture content - size - shape - drop number - compressive strengths - porosity - dustiness) were determined. The results showed that good quality wet, dry, preheated and fired pellets can be produced with combined binders (an organic binder plus a boron compound) when compared with bentonite-bonded pellets. While organic binders provided sufficient wet and dry pellet strengths, the boron compounds provided the required preheated and fired pellet strengths at even lower firing temperature. Especially, the contribution of boron compound addition is most pronounced for hematite pellets which do not have strengthening mechanism through oxidation like magnetite pellets during firing. Therefore, addition of boron compound is beneficial to recover the low physical-mechanical qualities of pellets produced with organic binders through slag bonding mechanism. Furthermore, lowering the firing temperature thanks to low-melting boron compounds will be cost-effective for firing part of the pelletizing plants.
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Sivrikaya, Osman, and A. I. Arol. "ALTERNATIVE BINDERS TO BENTONITE FOR IRON ORE PELLETIZING : PART II : EFFECTS ON METALLURGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES." HOLOS 3 (July 3, 2014): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2014.1759.
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This study was started to find alternative binders to bentonite and to recover the low preheated and fired pellet mechanical strengths of organic binders-bonded pellets. Bentonite is considered as a chemical impurity for pellet chemistry due to acid constituents (SiO2 and Al2O3). Especially addition of silica-alumina bearing binders is detrimental for iron ore concentrate with high acidic content. Organic binders are the most studied binders since they are free in silica. Although they yield pellets with good wet strength; they have found limited application in industry since they fail to give sufficient physical and mechanical strength to preheated and fired pellets. It is investigated that how insufficient preheated and fired pellet strengths can be improved when organic binders are used as binder. The addition of a slag bonding/strength increasing constituent (free in acidic contents) into pellet feed to provide pellet strength with the use of organic binders was proposed. Addition of boron compounds such as colemanite, tincal, borax pentahydrate, boric acid together with organic binders such as CMC, starch, dextrin and some organic based binders, into magnetite and hematite pellet mixture was tested. After determining the addition of boron compounds is beneficial to recover the low pellet physical and mechanical qualities in the first part of this study, in this second part, metallurgical and chemical properties (reducibility - swelling index – microstructure – mineralogy - chemical content) of pellets produced with combined binders (an organic binder plus a boron compound) were presented. The metallurgical and chemical tests results showed that good quality product pellets can be produced with combined binders when compared with the bentonite-bonded pellets. Hence, the suggested combined binders can be used as binder in place of bentonite in iron ore pelletizing without compromising the pellet chemistry.
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Yan, Haoli, Xiaolei Zhou, Lei Gao, Haoyu Fang, Yunpeng Wang, Haohang Ji, and Shangrui Liu. "Prediction of Compressive Strength of Biomass–Humic Acid Limonite Pellets Using Artificial Neural Network Model." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 24, 2023): 5184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145184.
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Due to the detrimental impact of steel industry emissions on the environment, countries worldwide prioritize green development. Replacing sintered iron ore with pellets holds promise for emission reduction and environmental protection. As high-grade iron ore resources decline, research on limonite pellet technology becomes crucial. However, pellets undergo rigorous mechanical actions during production and use. This study prepared a series of limonite pellet samples with varying ratios and measured their compressive strength. The influence of humic acid on the compressive strength of green and indurated pellets was explored. The results indicate that humic acid enhances the strength of green pellets but reduces that of indurated limonite pellets, which exhibit lower compressive strength compared to bentonite-based pellets. Furthermore, artificial neural networks (ANN) predicted the compressive strength of humic acid and bentonite-based pellets, establishing the relationship between input variables (binder content, pellet diameter, and weight) and output response (compressive strength). Integrating pellet technology and machine learning drives limonite pellet advancement, contributing to emission reduction and environmental preservation.
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Liu, Shuo, Yuanbo Zhang, Zijian Su, and Tao Jiang. "Improving the Properties of Magnetite Green Pellets with a Novel Organic Composite Binder." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 6999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196999.
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A novel composite binder (humic acid modified bentonite, HAMB) and two other binders (bentonite and Modified humic acid, MHA) were used to explore the effects of binders on the properties of magnetite green pellets in this study. The results of green pellet properties and drying tests show that the low doses of a humic substance-based binder can achieve the same effect as high doses of bentonite binder. A humic substance-based binder could be a promising organic binder to replace bentonite. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism of adding different binders on the strength of green pellet was discussed, and the relationship between moisture content in the pellet and the compression strength of three binders was determined. A TG-DSC analysis found that the novel composite binder (HAMB) was not a simple mix of humic acid and bentonite, in which a humic substance could change the structure of bentonite and reduce the thermal stability of bentonite, causing the HAMB composite binder to have a high decomposition temperature.
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Zhao, Hongxing, Fengshan Zhou, Hongyang Zhao, Cunfa Ma, and Yi Zhou. "A Review on the Effect of the Mechanism of Organic Polymers on Pellet Properties for Iron Ore Beneficiation." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 4874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224874.
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Iron ore pellets not only have excellent metallurgical and mechanical properties but are also essential raw materials for improving iron and steel smelting in the context of the increasing global depletion of high-grade iron ore resources. Organic polymers, as important additive components for the production of high-quality pellets, have a significant impact on the formation as well as the properties of pellets. In this review, the mechanisms of organic polymers on the pelletizing properties, bursting temperature, and pellet strength at low and high temperatures, as well as the existing measures and mechanisms to improve the high-temperature strength of the organic binder pellets are systematically summarized. Compared with traditional bentonite additives, the organic polymers greatly improve the pelletizing rate and pellet strength at low temperatures, and significantly reduces metallurgical pollution. However, organic binders often lead to a decrease in pellet bursting temperature and pellet strength at high temperatures, which can be significantly improved by compounding with a small amount of low-cost inorganic minerals, such as bentonite, boron-containing compounds, sodium salts, and copper slag. At the same time, some industrial solid wastes can be rationally used to reduce the cost of pellet binders.
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Zhao, Hongxing, Fengshan Zhou, Cunfa Ma, Zhongjin Wei, and Wenjun Long. "Bonding Mechanism and Process Characteristics of Special Polymers Applied in Pelletizing Binders." Coatings 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111618.
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Pellet ore not only has excellent metallurgical and mechanical properties, but is also an important metallurgical raw material used to solve the problem of increasing depletion of global high-grade iron ore resources. Bentonite has long been widely used in pellet ore production, which is not only expensive but also causes serious metallurgical pollution. Organic binders can form stronger adhesion and cohesion with mineral particles inside the green pellets than capillary forces, which greatly improves the pelletizing rate and significantly increases the strength of green and dry pellets, and it becomes an indispensable alternative to bentonite because it volatilizes pyrolytically at high temperatures, leaving almost no inorganic contaminants inside the pellet ore. In order to let more pellet researchers fully understand the research status and pelletizing theory of organic binders, this review systematically summarizes seven common organic binders, and elaborates on their adhesion mechanism and process characteristics, so as to provide references for pellet researchers and readers to further prepare cost-effective pellet binders and improve advanced pelletizing technology.
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Ghiadistri, Giulia M., Lidija Zdravkovic, David M. Potts, and Aikaterini Tsiampousi. "Overview and conceptual constitutive framework for pellet-based buffer materials." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019502013.
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Buffer materials for nuclear waste disposal applications generally consist of blocks made of highly expansive compacted clay. However, high-density pellets of bentonite are being evaluated as an alternative buffer material for waste isolation. The material response of pellet-based buffers may be quite different from that of compacted buffers, because of the peculiar discontinuous porosity presented. An overview of the literature available on pellet-based buffers is presented and, in particular, two main topics are discussed: firstly, the characteristics of the fabric of the pellets that can be observed through techniques of micro-structural investigation, secondly, the most important behavioural features that can be seen during material testing. Additionally, the constitutive frameworks that have already been developed specifically for pellets are also reviewed. The overall objective of the paper is to highlight the differences between compacted and pellet-based bentonite buffers, in order to propose suitable assumptions to start developing a constitutive model for the latter.
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Chen, Peng, and Xiaolei Zhou. "A Study on the Influence of Drying and Preheating Parameters on the Roasting Properties of Limonite Pellets." Minerals 14, no. 2 (February 4, 2024): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14020166.
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In this experiment, a pellet preparation method was investigated to study the drying, preheating, and roasting properties of limonitic iron ore from a plant in Yunnan. The aim was to improve the subsequent iron-making process of limonitic iron ore and make it a substitute for sintered ore. This substitution would reduce the amount of blast furnace slag in the iron-making process. Bentonite is commonly used as a primary binder in many pelletizing plant operations. However, its excessive usage leads to a higher risk of slagging and coking in the furnace. In this paper, we aim to decrease the quantity of bentonite added, enhance the iron content in the pellets, and reduce impurities to improve the grade of limonite pellets. The results show that the optimal drying, preheating, and roasting temperatures of limonite pellets are 200 °C, 700 °C, and 1250 °C, respectively, and the optimal roasting time is 20 min, when the diameter of the pellets is 8–13 mm. The compressive strength of limonite pellets with the addition of 1.5% bentonite was the highest, meeting the demands of a general blast furnace, based on which the iron grade of limonite pellet ore was increased by 10.63%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bentonite pellet"
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Dardé, Benjamin. "Experimental and numerical study of the hydromechanical behaviour of bentonite pellet-powder mixtures." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1030.
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Les matériaux à base de bentonite sont envisagés pour la réalisation des ouvrages de fermeture dans les concepts de stockage de déchets radioactifs. Dans ce contexte, les matériaux mis en place sous forme de mélanges de granules (pellets) de bentonite sont étudiés car ils présentent moins de contraintes d’installation comparés aux blocs préfabriqués. Les pellets sont disposés dans les galeries à l’état sec et forment un matériau granulaire. Le matériau est humidifié par l’eau issue de la roche encaissante et acquiert une texture homogène. Avant homogénéisation, le caractère granulaire du matériau contrôle son comportement.Ce travail se concentre sur la caractérisation expérimentale et la modélisation numérique d’un mélange de pellets et pellets concassés (poudre) de bentonite en proportion 70/30 en masse sèche, envisagé pour réaliser les ouvrages de fermeture dans le concept français de stockage de déchets radioactifs. La proposition, l’implémentation et la validation d’un modèle de comportement tenant compte de la nature granulaire initiale et d’éventuelles hétérogénéités locales de densité est l’objectif principal de ce travail.L’influence de la nature granulaire est mise en évidence par l’intermédiaire d’essais de pression de gonflement à succion contrôlée au laboratoire. Les essais sont réalisés sur des échantillons préparés à différentes teneurs en poudre. A partir d’une caractérisation expérimentale à l’échelle du pellet, un modèle simple décrivant le comportement hydromécanique du pellet est proposé et implémenté dans un code de calcul utilisant la méthode des Éléments Discrets (DEM). Les essais réalisés au laboratoire sur les échantillons sans poudre sont simulés par la DEM et le modèle proposé. Les résultats expérimentaux sont reproduits de manière satisfaisante. Cette méthode est utilisée pour simuler de larges assemblages granulaires de densités variées soumis à des sollicitations hydromécaniques. Les paramètres influençant le comportement macroscopique des assemblages de pellets à l’état « granulaire » sont identifiés à partir de ces simulations. Un ensemble de lois de comportement sont proposées pour modéliser le matériau comme un milieu continu.La transition de l'état granulaire à l’état homogène est décrite par des critères faisant intervenir la succion et les fractions volumiques relatives des pellets et de la poudre. Une version modifiée du Barcelona Basic Model est proposée pour modéliser le comportement du matériau à l’état « homogène ». Le modèle est implémenté dans le code de calcul par Éléments Finis (FEM) BIL. Les essais de pression de gonflement réalisés au laboratoire sur des échantillons contenant différentes teneurs en poudre sont reproduits de manière satisfaisante, sur l’ensemble du chemin d’humidification, en utilisant un unique jeu de paramètres.Le comportement du matériau au cours de l’humidification en conditions de volume constant est finalement étudié à plus grande échelle par la réalisation d’essais d’imbibition en modèle réduit au laboratoire, à différentes teneurs en poudre. Les cellules sont de section carrée avec une face vitrée. Une caméra permet l’observation de l’évolution de la texture du matériau au cours de l’humidification. La prédominance des transferts en phase vapeur dans le processus de saturation du matériau, l’influence et l’évolution de la structure granulaire au cours de l’humidification et l’influence de la teneur en poudre sur la réponse macroscopique du mélange sont mis en évidence. Des lois de transferts hydriques sont proposées à partir des résultats et observations expérimentales et implémentées dans le code BIL. La perspective principale de ce travail est la réalisation de simulations à plus grande échelle en utilisant le modèle développé. Ainsi, des problématiques inhérentes à l’utilisation des mélanges de pellets et poudre, notamment la nature granulaire initiale et les hétérogénéités locales de densité, pourront être prises en compteBentonite based materials are considered as a sealing material in radioactive waste disposal concepts because of their low permeability, radionuclide retention capacity and ability to swell upon hydration, thus filling technological gaps. Within this context, bentonite pellet mixtures have been studied owing to operational convenience. Pellets are laid in the galleries in a dry state as a granular assembly. The mixture progressively becomes more homogeneous upon hydration by the pore water of the host rock. Before homogenisation, the granular structure of the material controls the macroscopic behaviour of the mixture.The present work focuses on the experimental characterisation and numerical modelling of a mixture of bentonite pellet and crushed pellet (powder), in proportion 70/30 in dry mass, a candidate sealing material in the French concept of radioactive waste disposal. The proposition, implementation and validation of a new modelling framework, considering features such as the initial granular structure of the material or local heterogeneities of densities, is the main objective of this PhD work.The influence of the initial granular structure is evidenced by performing suction-controlled swelling pressure tests in the laboratory, using samples of various powder contents. From grain-level experimental characterisation, a simple model describing the hydromechanical behaviour of a pellet is proposed and implemented in a Discrete Element Method (DEM) code. Using DEM and the proposed model, aforementioned swelling pressure tests performed on samples containing no powder are satisfactorily simulated. The same method is used to model large granular assemblies of various pellet densities upon hydromechanical loadings. Relevant parameters involved in the macroscopic behaviour of pellet mixtures in “granular” state are identified from simulation results and constitutive laws are proposed to describe the hydromechanical behaviour of these materials using a continuum mechanics approach.The transition from “granular” state to “homogenised” state is described by criteria proposed from experimental results and data available in the literature and involves suction and relative volume fractions of pellet and powder. A modified version of the Barcelona Basic Model is proposed to model the material behaviour in “homogenised” state. The proposed model is implemented in the Finite Element Method (FEM) code BIL. Using a single set of parameters, all swelling pressure tests performed in the laboratory are satisfactorily reproduced in FEM simulations along the entire hydration path.The material behaviour upon hydration in constant volume condition is finally studied at a larger scale by performing mock-up imbibition tests, using various powder contents. Cells have a square section; a glass side and a camera allow the texture to be observed during hydration. The dominance of vapour transfers in the saturation process of the material, the influence and evolution of the granular structure upon hydration, and the influence of the powder content on the macroscopic response are notably identified. Transfer laws are proposed to describe the observed material behaviour in the mock-up tests and implemented in BIL.The realisation of larger scale coupled simulations using the proposed hydromechanical model is a perspective arising from this PhD work. Predictive simulations could be performed at the structure scale, considering relevant features such as the initial granular structure and local heterogeneities of density in the sealing plugs
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Molinero, Guerra Agustin. "Caractérisations expérimentale et numérique du comportement hydro-mécanique d'un matériau hétérogène : mélange de poudre/pellets de bentonite." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1022/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le comportement hydromécanique d’un mélange de poudre et pellets de bentonite MX80 avec une proportion 80/20 en masse sèche. Il s’agit d’un matériau étudié par l’Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) dans le cadre du projet SEALEX qui a pour objectif principal la vérification de l’efficacité des dispositifs de scellement ou des barrières ouvragées dans le system du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs. Le comportement hydromécanique du matériau à différentes échelles a été étudié par différents essais en laboratoire. Premièrement, les changements à l’échelle microstructurale d’un seul pellet de bentonite durant l’hydratation a été abordée à l’aide de deux techniques : la porosimétrie au mercure et la tomographie aux rayons-X. Les résultats ont montré que le gonflement d’un pellet peut être expliqué par deux mécanismes : la création des fissures surtout à des succions entre 38 et 9 MPa, et le gonflement des grains de bentonite, correspondant à l’hydratation des smectites à l’échelle nano. A des succions inférieures à 9 MPa, une diminution de l’épaisseur des feuillets d’argile et une augmentation du désordre des ceux-ci sont observées. Des essais de rétention d’eau, de pression de gonflement et de compression à l’odomètre à succion contrôlée ont été effectués sur le mélange de poudre et pellets. Les propriétés de rétention d’eau sous conditions de volume constant et pour un seul pellet sous conditions de gonflement libre apparaissent similaires pour des valeurs de succion supérieures à 4 MPa. Cela implique que la succion physico-chimique est prédominante devant la succion capillaire. Pour des valeurs de succions plus basses, une capacité de rétention plus faible a été observée sous conditions de volume constant, à relier à la disparition des macro-pores par le gonflement des grains de bentonite. Des valeurs de pression de préconsolidation plus petites que celles des mélanges de bentonite pure ont été obtenues pour des succions non-nulles, montrant l’effet granulaire des pellets dans le mélange. Deux colonnes d’infiltration ont été réalisés afin d’étudier deux cas extrêmes avec une densité sèche globale identique (1.49 Mg/m3). Avec la première colonne, un mélange de poudre et pellets relativement homogène, fabriqué en suivant un protocole spécial a été étudié. En revanche, un mélange fortement hétérogène a été fabriqué dans la deuxième colonne d’infiltration. Les résultats montrent que la pression de gonflement radiale dépend fortement de la distribution des pellets et de la poudre ainsi que de l’évolution du front d’hydratation. Une anisotropie de gonflement a été observée dans les deux cas, avec la pression de gonflement axiale inférieure à celle radiale. De plus, la valeur finale de pression de gonflement axiale est différente pour les deux colonnes, bien que les deux échantillons aient fabriquées avec la même densité sèche globale. En parallèle, plusieurs observations à la tomographie aux rayons-X ont été réalisées sur le mélange de pellets et poudre pendant l’hydratation. Un mélange complètement homogène a été observé après 100 jours d’hydratation à l’échelle étudiée (50 μm/voxel). Un nouveau modèle d’endommagement qui prend en compte des fissures observées au sein du pellet pendant hydratation a été développé en adaptant le Barcelona Expansive Model (BExM). L’essai d’infiltration sur l’échantillon relativement homogène a été simulé avec succès en utilisant le modèle développé. L’hétérogénéité initiale de la porosité a été aussi considérée dans la simulation afin de reproduire l’anisotropie de gonflement. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus dans le cadre de cette étude permettent de mieux comprendre la réponse des ouvrages de scellement avec le mélange de pellets et poudre de bentonite dans le projet SEALEX. De plus, le modèle développé, qui prend en compte des fissures observées au sein du pellet et l’hétérogénéité initiale du matériau, permettra d’améliorerThe present investigation deals with the hydro-mechanical behavior of a mixture composed of pellets and powder of MX80 bentonite with a proportion of 80/20 in dry mass. This is one of the studied materials by the French Institute for Radiation protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) within the SEALEX project, which aims at investigating the long-term performance of swelling clay-based sealing systems in the context of geological high-level radioactive waste disposal. This study has been conducted by following an experimental program covering different scales. Firstly, the microstructure changes while wetting of a single pellet was investigated by combining MIP results with μ-CT observations. Results revealed that swelling of a pellet is due to the development of cracks, with significant development between 38 and 9 MPa of suction, combined to swelling of bentonite grains, which is governed by the hydration mechanisms of smectite at nano-scale. The application of suctions below 9 MPa leads to a significant decrease of the platelet thickness and to an increase in the disorder of the platelet assembly. Water retention tests, swelling pressure tests and suction controlled oedometer tests on the pellet/powder mixture were performed. Similar water retention properties were observed for the mixture under constant-volume condition and pellet under free swelling condition under suctions higher than 4 MPa, suggesting that physico-chemical suction prevails on capillary suction. At lower suctions, constant-volume condition defined a lower water retention capacity because of the disappearance of macro-pores. Lower yield stress values than the common pure bentonite mixtures were found for the pellet/powder mixture for non-zero suctions, showing that the volume change behavior is governed by the rearrangement and crushing of pellets, and the loss of the granular structure in the case of zero suction. Two mock-up tests were performed, aiming at studying two extreme cases at a global dry density of 1.49 Mg/m3: a homogeneous pellet/powder mixture fabricated by following a special protocol, and a strong heterogeneous sample. Results revealed that the radial swelling pressure depends strongly on the local pellet/powder distribution combined with the evolution of the hydration front. An anisotropy swelling was found in both cases, being the axial swelling pressure lower than the radial one. Moreover, different values of axial pressure were found between the two tests, even though they have the same global dry density of samples. In parallel, μ-CT observations were carried out on the mixture while wetting, revealing a homogeneous sealed sample after 100 days of hydration. No density gradients were identified at the investigated resolution (50 μm/voxel) after this long time of hydration. A new damage model, which takes into account the development of fissures within a pellet while wetting, was proposed an included to the well-IVknown double porosity Barcelona Expansive Model (BExM) to carry out numerical simulations of one mock-up test. The initial heterogeneous porosity distribution was also considered to reproduce the anisotropy swelling. The experimental results obtained in this study will greatly help well understand the response of seals made up of pellets/powder bentonite mixture in the SEALEX in situ experiment. Moreover, the constitutive model developed taking into account the pellet cracking damage and the initial sample heterogeneity allows significantly improving the prediction of hydomechanical behavior of seals/plugs made up of this mixture, constituting thus an useful tool for the safety assessment of the nuclear waste disposal system
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Hoffmann, Jauge Christian Amadeo. "Caracterización hidromecánica de mezclas de pellets de bentonita. Estudio experimental y constitutivo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6235.
Full textAbstract:
Actualmente, la utilización de energía atómica representa un 16 % del total de la energía que se produce a nivel mundial. Uno de los mayores problemas que afronta su utilización, es encontrar una solución segura para almacenar los residuos resultantes del proceso de producción de energía.Una de las propuestas más estudiada y aceptada como solución a este problema, es la construcción de depósitos subterráneos donde mantener el residuo aislado durante el resto de su vida activa, ENRESA (2000), Reseal (2000). PRACLAY (1998). Estos depósitos se han diseñado siguiendo el criterio de multibarreras: conjunto de barreras independientes y redundantes que mantienen el residuo aislado. Los residuos se disponen, dentro de contenedores metálicos, en nichos horizontales o verticales, excavados en la roca. Para ellenar el espacio entre la roca y el contenedor metálico se busca un material que representa una verdadera barrera aislante, denominada, barrera de ingeniería. Estos materiales están constituidos mayormente por bentonita.
El Proyecto EB, propone el estudio de un nuevo concepto de almacenamiento subterráneo para residuos radioactivos de larga actividad. El residuo se dispone dentro de contenedores metálicos alojados en nichos horizontales excavados en una roca arcillosa (Opalinus clay), y como material aislante, se utiliza una combinación de bloques y pellets de bentonita compactada. Ambos materiales se fabrican a partir de una misma bentonita, la bentonita Febex, ENRESA (2000).
La presente tesis doctoral, está asociada a los trabajos experimentales de caracterización del comportamiento hidromecánico de la muestras de pellets, realizados en el marco del proyecto EB. Para poder estudiar los aspectos más relevantes de la respuesta del material es necesario combinar distintas técnicas experimentales para el control de la succión (Romero, 2001) y adecuar las distintas metodologías de ensayo.
Los trabajos de tesis se realizaron en tres etapas fundamentales: Una primera etapa en la que se estudiaron las características estructurales de las mezclas de pellets de bentonita. Se prepararon muestras con distintas densidades secas y se realizaron ensayos de porosimetrías de mercurio (MIP) y ensayos de infiltración.
Una vez finalizada esta primera etapa, se definió una metodología de trabajo y se llevaron adelante los distintos ensayos del programa experimental. En esta etapa se describen las distintas técnicas y equipos experimentales y se presentan los resultados obtenidos en los distintos ensayos divididos en tres grupos; ensayos de caracterización del comportamiento hidráulico, en segundo lugar ensayos de expansión, hinchamiento y compresibilidad con control de la succión y finalmente los ensayos realizados para estudiar la influencia del tipo de transferencia de agua y ritmo de mojado en el comportamiento del material.
En la última etapa, se plantearon las bases conceptuales y leyes constitutivas de un modelo adecuado para materiales expansivos (Modelo BExM, Gens & Alonso (1992) y Alonso et al. (1999)). El modelo se implementó en un código numérico utilizando la técnica de diferencias finitas y aplicado al caso de las mezclas de pellets de bentonita. Se detalla la implementación de las distintas ecuaciones y se describe el planteo iterativo utilizado para su resolución. Adicionalmente, se sugiere una metodología para la deducción de los distintos parámetros del modelo, se indican las capacidades del modelo en distintos ejemplos y se comparan las predicciones del modelo con el comportamiento real observado.
Al final de la tesis, se presentan los resultados experimentales obtenidos en un ensayo a mediana escala, llamados ensayos de Columna de Infiltración. El objetivo de estos ensayos es estudiar la respuesta del material en una escala media, en condiciones muy controladas y similares a las de su utilización como material, en una barrera de ingeniería.
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Tyri, Danai Panagiota. "Contribution à l'étude de mélange en pellets composé d'argilite COx et de bentonite MX80 pour le remplissage des stockages géologiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI001.
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Lors de la fermeture du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs, l’ensemble des galeries souterraines sont remblayées et localement des scellements sont installés pour limiter la circulation de l’eau dans les ouvrages. Pour le remblaiement des galeries de Cigéo, l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien (COx) remaniée, mélangée avec de la bentonite (MX80) est envisagée par l’Andra. Différentes solutions d'installation sont à l'étude et en particulier la forme de granules (pellets), une solution qui pourra offrir des avantages opérationnels. L’assemblage de pellets est mis en place dans des galeries à l'état sec. Cette structure granulaire est progressivement homogénéisée par le gonflement lors de l'hydratation par l’eau issue de la roche encaissante. Cette thèse se concentre sur la détermination et la fabrication de mélanges de pellets, ainsi que l'évaluation de son comportement hydromécanique. La granulométrie des pellets est choisie pour aboutir à la densité de mise en place la plus élevée possible, qui est caractérisée comme étant la granulométrie optimale. Le mélange COx/MX80 doit produire un comportement hydromécanique adéquat de manière à reprendre les vides technologiques inhérent à la mise en place, et à long terme, réduire le déplacement des blocs de revêtements lors de la rupture de celui-ci. L’objectif est de limiter un endommagement de la roche environnante. Des dépôts gravitationnels sont réalisés numériquement et expérimentalement, pour étudier la compacité d'un matériau granulaire, sans compactage mécanique. Des simulations utilisant la méthode des éléments discrets étudient l'effet granulométrique sur la densité de la mise en place, définissant un fuseau optimal. Des expériences supplémentaires sont menées pour évaluer et finaliser la sélection granulométrique qui maximise la densité du mélange. Les études examinent l'effet de paramètres supplémentaires (protocole de mise en place, frottement inter-particules, hauteur de dépôt,…) sur la compacité. La pelletization sur la base de la granulométrie choisie est réalisée pour la première fois sur des mélanges COx/MX80. La méthode de compression est appliquée en utilisant une machine à comprimés reconditionnée. La fabrication des pellets et l’optimisation de la production est analysée. Le comportement hydromécanique des mélanges COx/MX80 est étudié expérimentalement par des essais d'infiltration à volume libre et constant. Une étude paramétrique sur mélanges COx/MX80 en poudre est menée pour caractériser les propriétés physico-chimiques et évaluer leur capacité de gonflement aux densités attendues à la mise en place. En revanche, l'ensemble des pellets finalisé avec diverses compositions est directement testé en termes de pression de gonflement et de conductivité hydrauliqueThe safe operation of the geological disposal facilities for radioactive waste indicates the galleries progressive closure, by installing sealing and backfill materials. The French disposal concept examines the crushed excavated Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone with bentonite additive (MX80) as backfill material. One of the ongoing studied backfill solutions considers the pelletized implementation of the mixture, due to potential set-up advantages. The pelletized mixture is emplaced inside the galleries at dry state, presenting initially a granular structure, gradually homogenised, due to swelling upon hydration from the groundwater of the surrounding rock. Objective of the PhD thesis is the determination and manufacturing of the pelletized mixture, as well as the analysis of its hydro-mechanical behaviour. The pelletized granulometry is selected to result in the highest possible packing density, defining the optimum grain size distribution (GSD). The implemented COx/MX80 backfill needs to present hydro-mechanical properties capable of limiting the voids after the saturation on the drift as well as blocking the concrete movement when liners cracking will occur in the long-term. Numerical and experimental gravitational deposits are conducted, to study the compactness of a granular material, without mechanical compaction. Simulations using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) investigate the granulometric effect on the granular material’s packing state, determining an optimum GSD. Supplementary experiments are used to evaluate and finalise the granulometric selection maximising the resulting density. Both studies investigate the effect of additional parameters (implementation protocol, inter-particle friction, deposit height,…) on the packing state. The pelletization of the selected GSD is performed for the first time on COx/MX80 powdered mixtures, by applying the compression method on a reconditioned tablet machine. The process is analysed to successfully fabricate pellets and optimise the challenging pellet production. COx/MX80 mixtures hydro-mechanical behaviour is experimentally investigated by performing infiltration tests under free and confined volume conditions. A parametric study on various powdered mixtures is conducted to characterise the materials physicochemical properties and evaluate their swelling capacity at densities expected on the backfill implementation. On the other hand, the finalised pellets assembly on various compositions is directly tested in terms of swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity
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Björkvall, Maria. "Studie om dynamiken i en pilotrullkrets med rulltrumma." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Mineralteknik och metallurgi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68118.
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Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) rullar järnmalmslig till råkulor, som sedan bränns till pellets. Råkulorna bildas i rullkretsar som består av rulltrummor och rullsiktar. Under 2017 färdigställdes en pilotskaleanläggning för kulrullning i LKAB:s Agglomeringslaboratorium i Malmberget. Syftet med anläggningen är att prediktera dynamiken i en storskalig rullkrets, under olika betingelser. Detta examensarbete är ett första försök att i forskningssyfte studera gensvaret i LKAB:s pilotrullkrets. Syftet var att undersöka om pilotrullkretsen kan prediktera dynamiken och råkulekvalitet i rullning i storskaliga rullkretsar och målet var att fastställa ett effektivt körsätt. Kulrullning är inom LKAB:s kärnkompetens och därför har reagensursprung och karaktär samt dimensionering av rullkretsen lagts med sekretess. Kodnamn används både för sliger och reagens. Arbetet inleddes med att skapa ett körschema med målet att så många olika blandningar som möjligt kunde köras i pilotrullkretsen under en normal arbetsdag. Fem olika blandningar kunde köras. Fyra olika tillsatser testades: bentonit, ett flotationsreagens (FLOT), ett organiskt bindemedel (OB) och en ny utvecklingsprodukt (UTV). Första körningen i pilotrullkretsen var med varierande doseringar av bentonit eftersom dess inverkan i kulrullning är välkänt hos LKAB. Försök två och tre, med FLOT respektive OB, kunde jämföras mot tidigare erfarenhet från storskaliga försök. Det fjärde och sista försöket var ett test hur pilotrullkretsen predikterade utvecklingsprodukten UTV. Varje typ av försök utfördes två gånger. Pilotrullkretsen predikterade väl både dynamik och råkulekvalitet i alla de tre försöken där erfarenhet från storskaliga körningar var tillgängligt. Den nya, okända, UTV-produkten visade en förbättrad råkulekvalitet, utan att dynamiken i kretsen påverkades negativt. UTV kan därför vara ett intressant alternativ för ett framtida storskaligt försök hos LKAB. Det framtagna körschemat fungerade mycket väl. Ett ”grundanalyspaket” har skapats för att underlätta planering och genomförande för framtida pilotrullkretsförsök hos LKAB. Antalet personer som behövs vid rullkretskörningar beror på antalet blandningar och analyser. Vid enklare körningar behövs minst fem personer, utöver försöksledaren. Mer komplexa körningar kan kräva sju personer.Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) produce pellets from magnetite iron ore. Pellets are formed by balling moist iron ore concentrate to green pellets, which are then burned to pellets. The green pellets are formed in balling circuits consisting of balling drums and roller decks for screening. In 2017 a pilot scale balling circuit with a drum was completed in LKAB's agglomeration laboratory in Malmberget. The purpose of the pilot balling circuit is to predict the dynamics in a full scale balling circuit under different conditions. This master degree project is an initial attempt to study the response in LKAB's pilot circuit in terms of green pellet quality and dynamics in the circuit. The goal was to determine an effective way to run experiments and to investigate whether the pilot circuit can predict the dynamics of balling in large-scale circuits. Pelletizing production is within LKAB's core competence, and therefore the origin and character of the reagents, as well as the design of the pilot balling drum circuit, are confidential. Code names are used for both iron ore concentrates and reagents. The work began by creating a test procedure with the aim of running as many different mixtures as possible in the pilot balling circuit during a normal working day. Five different mixtures could be run. Four different additives were tested: bentonite, a flotation reagent (FLOT), an organic binder (OB) and a new development product (UTV). The first experiment in the pilot balling circuit was run with varying doses of bentonite because its impact in balling is well known at LKAB. Experiment two and three, with FLOT and OB, could be compared to previous experience from large scale test runs. The fourth and last experiment was a test of how the pilot circuit predicted the behavior of a new development product UTV. Each type of experiment was performed twice. The pilot balling circle predicted well both dynamics and green pellet quality in all three experiments where experience from large-scale runs was available. The new, unknown, UTV product showed improved green pellet quality, without affecting adversely on the dynamics of the circuit. UTV can therefore be an interesting option for a future large scale run at LKAB. The developed working schedule worked very well. A "basic analysis package" has been created to facilitate planning of future experiments in the pilot balling circuit. The number of persons needed to run the circuit depends on the number of mixtures and analyzes. For smaller experiments, at least five people is required, in addition to the leader of the experiments. More advanced experiments will demand seven people.
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"Caracterización hidromecánica de mezclas de pellets de bentonita. Estudio experimental y constitutivo." Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2005. http://www.tesisenxarxa.net/TDX-0518105-163209/.
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Wu, Ching-Ching, and 吳青青. "Preparation of Pellets and Monolithic Catalysts Using Bentonite and TiO(OH)2 as the Bi-support for Low Temperature NH3-SCR." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21269856365854130618.
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碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
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Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with NH3 is one of the most effective methods for removal of NOx from flue gases. In the SCR studies, TiO2 is developed as a superior support that exhibts high reactivity; however, it has no plasticity to extrude monolith applying on the field. Bentonite (clays) appears to have a relevant role as an inorganic binder and support. However, previous report showed that unmodified clays did not have great NO removal. Therefore, the aim of this research is to combine bentonite and TiO2 as bi-support, and then the catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method. The NO conversion efficiencies of pellets and monolithic catalysts are discussed. To find out the best ratio of bi-supports, catalysts with high loading on the monolith and sucessful extruded monoliths were tested. The results show that bentonite-TiO2 catalysts had higher NO conversions than literature data which used unmodified Bentonite as support of SCR catalysts. The catalyst loading test on the monolithic showed that MnFe/TiO2 had low viscosity and less loading amount. However, bentonite:TiO2 ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 have high viscosity and the highest loading amounts. In addition, MnFe/Bentonite:TiO¬2=1:3 could approach high NO conversion by only one time washcoat.
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Ngulube, Tholiso. "Synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation of iron (III) oxide coated bentonite clay-silica rich reddish black Mukondeni clay soils composites for the defluoridation of groundwater." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/836.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Bentonite pellet"
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Chen, Yang, Yu-Jun Cui, and Agustin Molinero Guerra. "Compression Behavior of Bentonite Powder/Pellet Mixture." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Multi-physics Processes in Soil Mechanics and Advances in Geotechnical Testing, 39–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0095-0_4.
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Guo, Yufeng, Ting Duan, Andrew Yakovlevich Travyanov, Tao Jiang, Shuai Wang, and Fuqiang Zheng. "Study on the Improvement of Preheating and Roasting Characteristics of Pellet Made by Organic-Bentonite Compound Binder." In Drying, Roasting, and Calcining of Minerals, 217–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093329.ch27.
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Guo, Yufeng, Ting Duan, Andrew Yakovlevich Travyanov, Tao Jiang, Shuai Wang, and Fuqiang Zheng. "Study on the Improvement of Preheating and Roasting Characteristics of Pellet Made by Organic-Bentonite Compound Binder." In Drying, Roasting, and Calcining of Minerals, 217–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48245-3_27.
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Jiang, Tao, Gui-hong Han, Yan-fang Huang, Guang-hui Li, and Yuan-bo Zhang. "Reduction Behavior of Pellets Balled with Bentonite." In 4th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 325–32. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663448.ch40.
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Duan, Qianqian, Yongbin Yang, Rui Xu, Yingrui Dong, and Zhichen Yuan. "Effect of HS Binder on Reducing the Amount of Bentonite in Oxidized Pellets." In TMS 2021 150th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 50–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_5.
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"bentonite-cement pellet." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 122. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_21412.
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"bentonite pellets." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 123. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_21431.
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Hoffmann, C., E. E. Alonso, and E. Romero. "Fabric Changes of a Pellet-Based Bentonite Buffer Material and Their Effects on Mechanical Behaviour." In Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes in Geo-Systems - Fundamentals, Modelling, Experiments and Applications, 341–46. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-9960(04)80064-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Bentonite pellet"
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Nguyen, Cao Son. "Study on a Recycling Solution of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag in Pelletizing Process." In International Conference on Advances in Materials Science 2021. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0r1re2.
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Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF slag) contains high amount of useful oxides such as CaO, MgO, SiO2, etc., therefore, a solution of the slag recycling would be used as a flux in pelletizing process. To understand role of slag in the pellet, this research examines the mechanical, chemical and microstructure properties of the pellets containing various amount of the slag. In the experimental process, the green pellets were made from a mixture of bentonite, iron ore and the slag. The green pellets were sintered in the resistance heating furnace maintaining temperature at 1200 °C for 120 minutes. Then the fired pellet was tested strength and observed microstructure with variation of the slag amount in the pellets. The result shown that cold compression strength of the pellets containing from 1.06 to 18.45 mass% slag was higher values than 200 kg/p, hence, the pellet was able to charge the pellets into the blast furnace. The highest strength was 342 kg/p with 5.08 mass% slag in the pellet. Besides, optical observed microstructure of the pellet indicated the phases of magnetite, hematite and silicate. In addition, the obtained results shown that there was a deterioration of porosity with increasing the slag amount. Accordingly, the porosity got a slight decrease when the slag amount increased from 1.06 to 5.08 mass% in the pellet. Once the amount of the slag was higher than 5.08 mass%, the porosity significantly reduced with increasing the slag amount; the porosity decreased from 23 to 12 %.
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Hoffmann, C., E. E. Alonso, and E. Romero. "Fabric Changes of a Pellet-Based Bentonite Buffer Material and its Effect on Mechanical Behaviour." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)215.
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Tapia, Alvin Karlo G., Lou Serafin M. Lozada, and Keisuke Tominaga. "Temperature Dependence of THz Conductivities of Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt/Bentonite Pellets." In 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2018.8510360.
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"Correlation between Swelling Index of Bentonite Clay and the Strength of Pellets." In 7th International Conference on Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology. International Institute of Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iie.e1115009.
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"The Pelletizing of Industrial Acceptable Magnetite Pellets with Bentonite Clay as Binding Agent." In 7th International Conference on Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology. International Institute of Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iie.e1115010.
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Rakhmawati, YE, B. Sulistiyanto, and S. Sumarsih. "Mutu Fisik Organoleptik Pelet Limbah Penetasan dengan Penambahan Bentonit dan Lama Penyimpanan yang Berbeda." In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/pros.semnas.tpv-2017-p.658-665.
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Barbosa, Fernando, Alan Lugarini de Souza, Yamid José García Blanco, Eduardo Matos Germer, and Admilson Franco. "CONTACT PROPERTIES AND MODELLING OF BENTONITE PELLETS DISPLACEMENT FOR PLUGGING AND ABANDONMENT IN OFF-SHORE OIL WELLS." In 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-0453.
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Khoiruddin, M., B. Sulistiyanto, and S. Sumarsih. "Kandungan Coliform dan Salmonella Pelet Limbah Penetasan dengan Penambahan Bentonit dan Lama Penyimpanan yang Berbeda." In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/pros.semnas.tpv-2017-p.462-469.
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Pribulova, Alena, Peter Futas, Jozef Petrik, Peter Blasko, and Patrik Fedorko. "REUSE OF DUSTS FROM CAST IRON CASTINGS PRODUCTION IN FOUNDRY." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/4.1/s18.25.
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In the production process of cast iron and steel castings, a large amount of waste is generated. Each stage of production of castings generates a certain type or types of waste. The largest volume of waste is the used molding compound, followed by slags from melting processes and dust, the creation of which is copied by the entire foundry process. Dust waste is generated from the beginning to the end of the production cycle in the foundry. Finishing operations represent, in addition to a large source of noise, a large source of dust waste. They are primarily dusts from blasting and grinding of castings. These dusts are characterized by a high proportion of metallic iron. This contribution deals with the treatment and subsequent use of dusts from blasting cast iron and steel castings. In the first stage, the dust is treated by magnetic separation, during which the magnetic (metallic) part is separated from the non-magnetic (nonmetallic) part. The non-magnetic part of the dust was added to the bentonite molding mixture, while the influence of the amount of dust in the mixture on the mechanical properties of the newly prepared molding mixture was monitored. The magnetic part, which mainly contained metallic iron, was used in the production of pellets, which were added to the metal charge intended for the production of cast iron. The effect of the amount of pellets in the charge on the quality of the cast iron determined by the mechanical properties and structure of the cast iron was observed. When the proportion of pellets in the charge was up to 6%, the mechanical properties of the cast iron did not deteriorate.
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Oliveira, Laura Rafaela Cavalcanti De, Mário César De Siqueira Lima, Anna Carolina Amorim Costa, Luciana Viana Amorim, Karine Castro Nóbrega, and Mayke Willyan Silva. "Efeito do Contato dos Pellets de Bentonita com o Diesel Utilizado Como Fluido de Deslocamento para Abandono de Poços." In ANAIS DO 11º CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PETRóLEO E GáS. Galoa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/pdpetro-2022-159308.
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