Journal articles on the topic 'Benthos'
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1
Elliott, M., and Paul F. Kingston. "The sublittoral benthic fauna of the estuary and Firth of Forth, Scotland." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 93, no. 3-4 (1987): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006874.
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SynopsisThe structure of the sublittoral benthic macro-invertebrate populations of the Forth estuary and firth, Scotland, is described, giving the species richness, abundance and biomass for the area from the freshwater tidal limit to the North Sea boundary. Eight faunal associations have been defined, which include classical Petersen communities in the marine area and transition associations within the estuary. The spatial distributions of the associations are predominantly the result of the physical environment, but superimposed on the effects of salinity, sediment type and bathymetry are the effects of urbanisation, industrialisation, dredging and spoil disposal and thermal discharges. The benthos of the major part of the firth has been little affected, although that of the peripheral and estuarine areas does show anthropogenic effects.The water column-benthos and fisheries-benthos interactions are also discussed. Elevated levels of nutrients in the water column may be the cause of enriched benthic populations in the firth and an assessment of the fish-benthos coupling indicates an estuarine functioning similar to other northwestern European areas.
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Sullivan, Barbara K., Peter H. Doering, Candace A. Oviatt, Aimee A. Keller, and Jeffrey B. Frithsen. "Interactions with the Benthos Alter Pelagic Food Web Structure in Coastal Waters." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 2276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-267.
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Results from studies in experimental enclosures containing both water column and benthic communities show that the benthos has an important effect on the structure and productivity of pelagic food webs whether the system is nutrient enriched or nutrient limited. Research over a 10-yr period in 13-m3 mesocosms showed that changes in the pelagic food web were correlated with different sediment communities and with the presence or absence of a benthos. The abundance of copepods was inversely correlated with numbers of macrofauna. At both low and high nutrient levels, systems without benthos had greatly enhanced numbers of carnivorous holozooplankton including ctenophores, medusans, chaetognaths, and fish. Our observations indicate that the presence of the benthos shortens the pelagic food web.and inhibits the response of pelagic fauna to nutrient enrichment in well-mixed coastal waters. The strength of benthic–pelagic coupling, which is controlled by the amount of turbulence in the water column, may be more important to food web structure than the rate of nutrient supply and could determine which subsystem responds to eutrophication.
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Sierszen, Michael E., John R. Kelly, Timothy D. Corry, Jill V. Scharold, and Peder M. Yurista. "Benthic and pelagic contributions to Mysis nutrition across Lake Superior." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 6 (June 2011): 1051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-033.
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Quantifying nutritional sources for Mysis diluviana will help to clarify the basis for production in lakes with Mysis and improve models of migration-driven nutrient and contaminant transport. We sampled Mysis, plankton, and benthos across Lake Superior using a stratified-random design that provided a statistically valid representation of the lake across depths. We then estimated nutritional contributions to Mysis using stable isotope ratios of Mysis, zooplankton, Bythotrephes , Diporeia , oligochaetes, and detritus in a multiple-source, dual-isotope mixing model. Lake-wide, small (<1.0 cm) mysids relied almost exclusively upon plankton, whereas large mysids occupied a higher trophic position and obtained nutrition among sources. Model estimates of mean benthic contributions to large Mysis ranged from 27% to 58%. We predicted the importance of benthos to Mysis to track declining benthic biomass with depth. Model results indicated that if Diporeia were the only benthic food eaten, benthic contributions would decline to 40% with depth, but inclusion of detritus in the model resulted in consistent importance of benthic food across depths. The importance of benthos to mysid nutrition suggests strong benthic–pelagic coupling at all lake depths and might limit the ability of Mysis to support fisheries in systems that have lost Diporeia.
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Latifa, Gulshan Ara, Mst Mahmuda Parvin, and Md Shahidul Islam. "Monthly Variation of Benthic Fauna in Relation to Water Quality of Rajdhala Beel, Netrokona." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 49, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v49i1.53682.
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The knowledge on benthic fauna is important to know the biological interactions of the ecosystem. Abundance and composition of benthos along with some physico-chemical parameters of water of Rajdhalabeel, Netrokona was carried out from May 1998 to April 1999. The water parameters varied between or within the months but they did not vary from location to location. The benthic organisms had fluctuated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Considerable variation of benthos was detected during the period of the study. The composition of benthos were 38.26%, 29.86% and 25.22% for molluscs, oligochaetes and chironimids respectively. The highest number (1310.98 ind/m2) was recorded in July, 1998 while it was lowest (333.3 ind/m2) in April, 1999.The study revealed the beel as productive one and implementation of a little development work, good management and protect fishes from poaching may turn the beel into a very good fish resource. Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 57-68, 2021
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Tasabaramo, I. A., and A. H. Nugraha. "Abundance and Biodiversity of Benthic Infauna at Seagrass Ecosystem in Three Small Islands of Northern Papua, Indonesia: Liki Island, Meossu Island and Befondi Island." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1148, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1148/1/012022.
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Abstract One of the ecological roles of seagrass ecosystems is as a habitat for marine organisms. Benthos is a group of marine biota that lives on the bottom of the waters and can be found in seagrass ecosystems. This study aims to inventory the diversity of benthic organisms in seagrass ecosystems in Liki, Befondi and Meossu island. This research is part of the second leg of the Nusa Manggala Expedition which was held in 2018 on Liki Island, Meossu and Befondi, the northern waters of Papua.. Benthos data was collected using cores at 0 m, 50 m and 100 m on the line transect. The results of this study indicate that the highest density of seagrass is on Liki Island. In addition, 33 species of benthic organisms were found on Liki Island, 42 species on Meossu Island and 20 species on Befondi Island. The highest abundance and diversity of benthic organisms was found on Meossu Island. The dominant benthic organisms come from the gastropod class with the species having the highest abundance, Euplica scripta. Based on this research, it is suspected that there is a relationship between the condition of the seagrass ecosystem and the abundance and diversity of benthos.
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Barbero, María Daniela, Ana María Oberto, and Cristina Mabel Gualdoni. "Spatial and temporal patterns of macroinvertebrates in drift and on substrate of a mountain stream (Cordoba, Central Argentina)." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 25, no. 4 (December 2013): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2013000400003.
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AIMS: The aims of this study are to evaluate the effects of spatial and temporal variability of the macroinvertebrate fauna in drift and in the substrate of a mountain stream. METHODS: The study site is located in Achiras stream (Central, Argentina). This is an endorheic fluvial course whose headwaters are located in the southern extreme of Los Comechingones Mountains. Three replicate Surber samples were collected from benthos with 300 µm, 0.09 m² nets. Three drifting fauna samples were collected using drift nets, 1 m long, 300 µm and 0.0192 m². The taxonomic identification of specimens was performed according to the lowest possible taxonomic level. In order to characterize the drifting and benthic fauna, total abundance, taxonomic richness, Shannon and evenness indices were estimated and they were tested with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In order to assess the distribution patterns of drift and benthos samples, we performed Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). RESULTS: A total of 61 taxa were identified in drift and 82 in benthos. A 26.3% taxonomic similarity between the two assemblages was observed, according to the Jaccard index. In drift and benthos, Arthropoda presented higher abundance and Insecta contributed with more taxa and it was also the most abundant. The most abundant orders were Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Diptera. In the present study, Anacroneuria sp. (Perlidae) and Podonominae (Chironomidae) were first recorded for benthic community of Achiras stream. CONCLUSION: In this study we found that the structural organization of the drifting and benthic macroinvertebrate community shows different patterns of variation at spatial and temporal scales.
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van Denderen, P. Daniel, Tobias van Kooten, and Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp. "When does fishing lead to more fish? Community consequences of bottom trawl fisheries in demersal food webs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1769 (October 22, 2013): 20131883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1883.
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Bottom trawls are a globally used fishing gear that physically disturb the seabed and kill non-target organisms, including those that are food for the targeted fish species. There are indications that ensuing changes to the benthic invertebrate community may increase the availability of food and promote growth and even fisheries yield of target fish species. If and how this occurs is the subject of ongoing debate, with evidence both in favour and against. We model the effects of trawling on a simple ecosystem of benthivorous fish and two food populations (benthos), susceptible and resistant to trawling. We show that the ecosystem response to trawling depends on whether the abundance of benthos is top-down or bottom-up controlled. Fishing may result in higher fish abundance, higher (maximum sustainable) yield and increased persistence of fish when the benthos which is the best-quality fish food is also more resistant to trawling. These positive effects occur in bottom-up controlled systems and systems with limited impact of fish feeding on benthos, resembling bottom-up control. Fishing leads to lower yields and fish persistence in all configurations where susceptible benthos are more profitable prey. Our results highlight the importance of mechanistic ecosystem knowledge as a requirement for successful management.
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Minh Phuong, Nguyen Thi. "USING BENTHOS TO EVALUATE THE QUALITY OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT: CASE STUDY FROM CENTRAL VIETNAM AFTER THE INCIDENT CAUSED BY FORMOSA." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 4C (March 24, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/4c/12145.
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In this study, we evaluated the quality of marine environment in central Vietnam after the disaster caused by Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Corporation (Formosa), using both bio-indicators (benthos) and chemical indicators. Results show that using benthic fauna, especially meio-benthos can obtain data on the quality of marine environment faster and more accurate than using chemical indicators. In marine environment, monitoring contaminated areas and contamination sources is difficult since currents are normally strong, contaminants often move fast and far away from the sources. For the reasons, using benthos as indicator to localize the contaminated areas as well as assess the quality of marine environment can be an effective method. However, this indicator cannot help to identify the exact contaminants and using this requires a comprehensive knowledge on sea bottom topography, sedimentary characteristics, sea currents, biological competition, etc.
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Stief, P. "Stimulation of microbial nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystems by benthic macrofauna: mechanisms and environmental implications." Biogeosciences 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2013): 7829–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7829-2013.
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Abstract. Invertebrate animals that live at the bottom of aquatic ecosystems (i.e., benthic macrofauna) are important mediators between nutrients in the water column and microbes in the benthos. The presence of benthic macrofauna stimulates microbial nutrient dynamics through different types of animal–microbe interactions, which potentially affect the trophic status of aquatic ecosystems. This review contrasts three types of animal–microbe interactions in the benthos of aquatic ecosystems: (i) ecosystem engineering, (ii) grazing, and (iii) symbiosis. Their specific contributions to the turnover of fixed nitrogen (mainly nitrate and ammonium) and the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide are evaluated. Published data indicate that ecosystem engineering by sediment-burrowing macrofauna stimulates benthic nitrification and denitrification, which together allows fixed nitrogen removal. However, the release of ammonium from sediments is enhanced more strongly than the sedimentary uptake of nitrate. Ecosystem engineering by reef-building macrofauna increases nitrogen retention and ammonium concentrations in shallow aquatic ecosystems, but allows organic nitrogen removal through harvesting. Grazing by macrofauna on benthic microbes apparently has small or neutral effects on nitrogen cycling. Animal–microbe symbioses provide abundant and distinct benthic compartments for a multitude of nitrogen-cycle pathways. Recent studies reveal that ecosystem engineering, grazing, and symbioses of benthic macrofauna significantly enhance nitrous oxide emission from shallow aquatic ecosystems. The beneficial effect of benthic macrofauna on fixed nitrogen removal through coupled nitrification–denitrification can thus be offset by the concurrent release of (i) ammonium that stimulates aquatic primary production and (ii) nitrous oxide that contributes to global warming. Overall, benthic macrofauna intensifies the coupling between benthos, pelagial, and atmosphere through enhanced turnover and transport of nitrogen.
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Stief, P. "Stimulation of microbial nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystems by benthic macrofauna: mechanisms and environmental implications." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2013): 11785–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-11785-2013.
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Abstract. Invertebrate animals that live at the bottom of aquatic ecosystems (i.e., benthic macrofauna) are important mediators between nutrients in the water column and microbes in the benthos. The presence of benthic macrofauna stimulates microbial nutrient dynamics through different types of animal–microbe interactions, which potentially affect the trophic status of aquatic ecosystems. This review contrasts three types of animal–microbe interactions in the benthos of aquatic ecosystems: (i) ecosystem engineering, (ii) grazing, and (iii) symbiosis. Their specific contributions to the turnover of fixed nitrogen (mainly nitrate and ammonium) and the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide are evaluated. Published data indicate that ecosystem engineering by sediment-burrowing macrofauna stimulates benthic nitrification and denitrification, which together allows fixed nitrogen removal. However, the release of ammonium from sediments often is enhanced even more than the sedimentary uptake of nitrate. Ecosystem engineering by reef-building macrofauna increases nitrogen retention and ammonium concentrations in shallow aquatic ecosystems, but allows organic nitrogen removal through harvesting. Grazing by macrofauna on benthic microbes apparently has small or neutral effects on nitrogen cycling. Animal-microbe symbioses provide abundant and distinct benthic compartments for a multitude of nitrogen-cycle pathways. Recent studies revealed that ecosystem engineering, grazing, and symbioses of benthic macrofauna significantly enhance nitrous oxide emission from shallow aquatic ecosystems. The beneficial effect of benthic macrofauna on fixed nitrogen removal through coupled nitrification–denitrification can thus be offset by the concurrent release of (i) ammonium that stimulates aquatic primary production and (ii) nitrous oxide that contributes to global warming. Overall, benthic macrofauna intensifies the coupling between benthos, pelagial, and atmosphere through enhanced turnover and transport of nitrogen.
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Quinn, G. P., P. S. Lake, and E. S. G. Schreiber. "Colonization by lake benthos of hard substrata in the water column versus on the bottom." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 2 (1998): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97175.
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Little work has been done on colonization by lake benthos, particularly onto hard substrata. This study experimentally compared the rates of colonization of hard substrata (bricks) in a lake by benthic macroinvertebrates from two sources — the water column and the bottom. Colonization onto bricks (as mimics of stones) placed on the bottom of the lake was compared with colonization onto bricks suspended in the water column, where they could not be reached by crawling fauna. Almost all taxa colonizing bottom bricks also colonized suspended bricks, including taxa usually considered benthic (e.g. gastropods, mites, oligochaetes and planarians). Water-column samples confirmed the presence of these taxa in open water. These results suggest that many benthic animals in lakes may move through the water column more readily than previously considered; constant movement by lake benthos may be in response to shortage of resources.
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Taboada, Sergi, Luis Francisco García-Fernández, Santiago Bueno, Jennifer Vázquez, Carmen Cuevas, and Conxita Avila. "Antitumoural activity in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthic organisms." Antarctic Science 22, no. 5 (July 19, 2010): 494–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000416.
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AbstractA prospecting search for antitumoural activity in polar benthic invertebrates was conducted on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthos in three different areas: Bouvet Island (sub-Antarctic), eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). A total of 770 benthic invertebrate samples (corresponding to at least 290 different species) from 12 different phyla were assayed to establish their pharmacological potential against three human tumour cell lines (colorectal adenocarcinoma, lung carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma). Bioassays resulted in 15 different species showing anticancer activity corresponding to five different phyla: Tunicata (5), Porifera (4), Cnidaria (3), Echinodermata (2) and Annelida (1). This appears to be the largest pharmacological study ever carried out in Antarctica and it shows very promising antitumoural activities in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthos.
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Grutter, AS, S. Bejarano, KL Cheney, AW Goldizen, T. Sinclair-Taylor, and PA Waldie. "Effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on grazing fishes and coral reef benthos." Marine Ecology Progress Series 643 (June 11, 2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13331.
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Territorial and roving grazing fishes farm, and feed on, algae, sediment, or detritus, thus exerting different influences on benthic community structure, and are common clients of cleaner fish. Whether cleaners affect grazing-fish diversity and abundance, and indirectly the benthos, was tested using reefs maintained free of the bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus for 8.5 yr (removals) compared with controls. We quantified fish abundance per grazing functional group, foraging rates of roving grazers, cleaning rates of roving grazers by L. dimidiatus, reef benthos composition, and fouling material on settlement tiles. Abundances of ‘intensive’ and ‘extensive’ territorial farmers, non-farmers, parrotfishes and Acanthurus spp. were lower on removal than control reefs, but this was not the case for ‘indeterminate’ farmers and Ctenochaetus striatus. Foraging rates of Acanthurus spp. and C. striatus were unaffected by cleaner presence or cleaning duration. This suggests some robustness of the grazers’ foraging behaviour to loss of cleaners. Acanthurus spp. foraged predominantly on sediment and detritus, whereas C. striatus and parrotfishes grazed over algal turfs. Nevertheless, benthic community structure and amount of organic and inorganic material that accumulated over 3.5 mo on tiles were not affected by cleaner presence. Thus, despite greater abundances of many roving grazers, and consequently higher grazing rates being linked to the presence of cleaners, the benthos was not detectably affected by cleaners. This reveals that the positive effect of cleaners on fish abundance is not associated with a subsequent change in the benthos as predicted. Rather, it suggests a resilience of benthic community structure to cleaner-fish loss, possibly related to multiple antagonistic effects of different grazer functional groups. However, losing cleaners remains a problem for reefs, as the lack of cleaning has adverse consequences for fish physiology and populations.
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Takahashi, Masanori, and Tetsuo Iwami. "The summer diet of demersal fish at the South Shetland Islands." Antarctic Science 9, no. 4 (December 1997): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102097000527.
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The stomach contents of demersal fish in late January 1982 were analysed. Samples were taken at 100, 300 and 500 m depth south of Elephant Island, Bransfield Strait and north of Livingston Island, and at 800 m to the east of Smith Island. Fifty four taxa of fish belonging to 11 families were collected. The diets of 2101 fish representing 38 taxa were examined. These were classified into three categories, fish feeders, krill feeders and benthos feeders. Fish prey species fed on krill and/or benthos. Krill was a major dietary component for 32 (84.2%) out of 38 taxa. Gobionotothen gibberifrons was distributed at all 10 stations (100–800 m in depth) and its diet comprised krill and benthos. The present findings verify the importance of krill in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and indicate that krill is consumed by benthic fish at greater depths than previously reported.
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Guanglou, Li, Cao Hongmei, and Ye wei. "Characteristics of Benthos communities in Laoting area of Hebei Province." E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020602024.
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According to a survey of benthos in the Laoting sea area of Hebei Province on May 24th 2019, a total of 40 benthos species were obtained, of which mollusks have the largest number, followed by annelids and arthropods. The dominant species are Sternaspis sculata and Ringicula doliaris. The number of species obtained in this survey is much lower than the historical average. The diversity index is significantly lower than that in the April 2008 survey, and the evenness index and richness index have declined slightly, indicating that the benthic community structure in this sea area tends to be simplistic, stability tends to deteriorate.
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Rutherford, Edward S., Kenneth A. Rose, Edward L. Mills, John L. Forney, Christine M. Mayer, and Lars G. Rudstam. "Individual-based model simulations of a zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) induced energy shunt on walleye(Stizostedion vitreum) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations in Oneida Lake, New York." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 2148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-133.
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Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) recently invaded North American aquatic ecosystems and are hypothesized to impact lakes by increasing water clarity through filtration and shunting energy from pelagic to benthic pathways (ES effect). We used an individual-based model of Oneida Lake, New York, walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations to simulate ES effects on percids by lowering zooplankton density and production rates and increasing benthos rates. We performed 50-year simulations involving both zooplankton and benthos changes together and each change alone. We also performed simulations to determine robustness of model predictions under different assumed levels of zooplankton and benthos, increased forage fish and mayflies, and walleye stocking. Predicted ES effects were elimination of walleye high-recruitment years, resulting in a 30% reduction in adult walleye abundance. Yellow perch adult abundance increased by 6% due to reduced walleye predation. Neither component (zooplankton or benthos) of ES generated the same total response for yellow perch as both components together. Simulated walleye stocking and increased forage fish density had little effect on model predictions. Increased mayfly densities offset predicted ES effects by buffering predation on juvenile percids. Model predictions of ES impacts on percids generally were consistent with observed changes in Oneida Lake since zebra mussel arrived.
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Vignieri, S. "Underappreciated benthos." Science 352, no. 6286 (May 5, 2016): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.352.6286.669-a.
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Lipps, Jere H. "Benthos '83." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 52, no. 1-2 (November 1985): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(85)90048-3.
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Doherty, Mary, Maiko Tamura, Jan A. C. Vriezen, George B. McManus, and Laura A. Katz. "Diversity of Oligotrichia and Choreotrichia Ciliates in Coastal Marine Sediments and in Overlying Plankton." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 12 (April 30, 2010): 3924–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01604-09.
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ABSTRACT Elucidating the relationship between ciliate communities in the benthos and the plankton is critical to understanding ciliate diversity in marine systems. Although data for many lineages are sparse, at least some members of the dominant marine ciliate clades Oligotrichia and Choreotrichia can be found in both plankton and benthos, in the latter either as cysts or active forms. In this study, we developed a molecular approach to address the relationship between the diversity of ciliates in the plankton and those of the underlying benthos in the same locations. Samples from plankton and sediments were compared across three sites along the New England coast, and additional subsamples were analyzed to assess reproducibility of methods. We found that sediment and plankton subsamples differed in their robustness to repeated subsampling. Sediment subsamples (i.e., 1-g aliquots from a single ∼20-g sample) gave variable estimates of diversity, while plankton subsamples produced consistent results. These results indicate the need for additional study to determine the spatial scale over which diversity varies in marine sediments. Clustering of phylogenetic types indicates that benthic assemblages of oligotrichs and choreotrichs appear to be more like those from spatially remote benthic communities than the ciliate communities sampled in the water above them.
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Basford, D. J., A. Eleftheriou, and D. Raffaelli. "The Epifauna of the Northern North Sea (56°–61°N)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, no. 2 (May 1989): 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400029490.
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More than 65% of the demersal fish and shellfish caught by British vessels are landed at Scottish ports, most of the catch being taken from waters north of 56°, i.e. in the northern North Sea. The major resource supporting these fisheries is the benthos, but the distributions of both infaunal and epifaunal benthic invertebrates in the North Sea are poorly documented. Moreover, the environmental factors determining the composition and structure of North Sea benthic assemblages are not well understood. There have been several limited surveys of the benthos (Stephen, 1934; Ursin, 1960), and recently Dyer et al. (1982, 1983), Cranmer (1985) and Cranmer et al. (1984) attempted a more quantitative and systematic survey. Various schemes have been proposed to explain observed regional differences in types of benthic assemblage, usually based on the biological characteristics of water masses, and / or a limited and fragmentary knowledge of the sediments of the North Sea {e.g. Glemarec, 1973; Dyer et al, 1983).
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Glova, GJ, and PM Sagar. "Feeding in a Nocturnally active fish, Galaxias brevipinnis, in a New Zealand stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9890231.
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To determine the diel feeding periodicity and diet of a lake-inlet population of Galaxias brevipinnis in New Zealand, samples of benthos, drift and fish were collected over a 24-h period in summer. Both numerically and gravimetrically, fish stomach contents revealed that feeding started some time after sunset, peaked towards midnight, and virtually ceased after sunrise. Benthic invertebrates were consumed almost exclusively, with ephemeropterans, trichopterans, and dipterans constituting 95% of the total foods eaten, a major proportion being chironomid larvae. Size of prey eaten compared with size of invertebrates in the benthos differed significantly during the night; this indicated that some size-selective feeding occurred. The benthic feeding habit of Galaxias brevipinnis appears to allow it to forage on relatively small prey during the night, a phenomenon that has been reported for other bottom-dwelling native fish species in New Zealand.
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Maatuil, Try J., Noldy G. F. Mamangkey, Indri S. Manembu, Farnis B. Boneka, Medy Ompi, and Henneke Pangkey. "FAUNA BENTOS BERUKURAN LEBIH DARI 1MM DI MUARA SUNGAI SARIO, KOTA MANADO." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 10, no. 2 (June 2, 2022): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.10.2.2022.54980.
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Benthic fauna is a group of benthic organisms that live on the bottom of the water or bottom of sedimentary grounds or among sediments. This study aims to understand the distribution and types of benthic faunal organisms measuring > 1mm in the Sario river at a depth of 1-3 m. Benthos sampling was carried out using a grab sampler with three repetitions. The benthic sediment sample was sieved using a 1000 m (1.0 mm) sieve. The sediment retained in the sieve was identified based on its morphological characters using a stereomicroscope. Furthermore, the number of organisms found was counted and analyzed according to the calculation of the ecological index. The results of the identification of benthic faunal organisms >1mm got a total of 60 individuals from 9 families earning an average density of 222.1 ind/m2, Diversity Index 1.04 (medium category), Uniformity Index 0.47 (medium category), and Dominance Index 0.44 (no one dominates).
Keywords: Benthic Fauna, Sario River, Density, Ecological Index
Abstrak
Fauna bentos merupakan kelompok organisme bentos yang hidup di dasar perairan atau dasar sedimen maupun di antara sedimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran distribusi dan jenis organisme fauna bentos yang berukuran > 1mm di daerah muara sungai Sario pada kedalaman 1-3 m. Pengambilan sampel bentos dilakukan dengan menggunakan grab sampler dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Sampel sedimen bentos diayak menggunakan saringan 1000 µm (1,0 mm). Sedimen yang tertahan di saringan kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi dengan menggunakan bantuan mikroskop stereo. Selanjutnya jumlah organisme yang ditemukan dihitung dan dianalisis menurut perhitungan indeks ekologi. Hasil identifikasi organisme fauna bentos
>1mm mendapatkan total 60 individu dari 9 famili mendapatkan hasil rata-rata kepadatan 222,1 ind/m2, Indeks Keanekaragaman 1,04 (kategori sedang), Indeks Keseragaman 0,47 (kategori sedang) dan Indeks Dominansi 0,44 (tergolong tidak ada yang mendominasi).
Kata Kunci: Fauna bentos, Muara Sungai Sari, Kelimpahan, Indeks ekologi
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Khanna, D. R., and R. Bhutiani. "Benthic Fauna and its Ecology of River Ganga from Rishikesh to Haridwar (Uttaranchal ) India." Environment Conservation Journal 6, no. 1-3 (December 19, 2005): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2005.0612305.
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Benthic Fauna of river Ganga in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of water has been investigated. A total of 10 groups of benthic fauna were collected. Ephemeroptera was found as dominant during the course of study. Benthos were found maximum in winter months. The physico-chemical characteristics of river Ganga were found almost in limits.
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Dedić, Anita, Tanja Galić, Svjetlana Stanić-Koštroman, Dragan Škobić, Anđelka Lasić, and Dubravka Hafner. "A BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON PHYTOBENTHOS AND MACROINVERTEBRATES AT THREE STATIONS ON THE RIVER NERETVA." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 48, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2018.v48.i2.44.
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UDK: 556.115:574.587(282.249 Neretva)
This paper presents the research results of benthos community (phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates) on three locations of the Neretva River: Glavatičevo, Žitomislići and Višići. According to typology of rivers, the site Glavatičevo belongs undertype 10a, while sites Žitomislići and Višići are undertype JIVT (heavily modified water bodies). Research of the benthos community has been done in December 2016 with the simultaneous monitoring chemical parameters of water. All research states showed a great number and a high diversity of benthic taxa, although sampling was spent in December. The saprobic values of benthos community at the site Glavatičevo indicates to oligosaprobic level, the water unloaded with organic substances. The site Žitomislići points to oligo/betamesosaprobic level, the water a bit loaded with organic substances. The site Višići according to phytobenthos demonstrates to oligo/betamesosaprobic level, while according to benthic macroinvertebrates point to betamesosaprobic level (the water loaded with organic substances). Based on saprobic values and chemical parameters of water in keeping with The decision on the characterization of the surface and underground water, reference conditions and parameters for the detection of water state and water monitoring (Official newspapers FBiH, No. 1/14), a maximum ecological potential has been registered on sites Žitomislići and Višići, while a high ecological status has been registered on the site Glavatičevo.
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Chiasson, Wayne B., David LG Noakes, and F. William H. Beamish. "Habitat, benthic prey, and distribution of juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in northern Ontario rivers." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-194.
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The spatial and temporal distribution and relative abundance of juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and benthic macroinvertebrates were examined in the Mattagami and Groundhog rivers, tributaries of the Moose River in northern Ontario, Canada. Relative density and diversity of the benthic fauna were low, the most common taxa being Ablabesmyia sp. (Diptera) and Hexagenia sp. (Ephemeroptera). Benthic organisms were most abundant in substrate dominated by sand and clay. An appreciable portion of the riverbed was strewn with wood chips and was particularly depauperate of macrobenthos. Lake sturgeon foraged exclusively on the benthos, especially taxa of Ephemeroptera, Diptera, and Trichoptera. Hexagenia was the only prey species in greater density in sturgeon stomachs than in the benthos. The largest concentration of juvenile lake sturgeon was found adjacent to substrate dominated by sand and clay. Gillnet catches of lake sturgeon suggest that they are more active at night, which may enhance their foraging success. In these northern rivers, the trophic status of juvenile lake sturgeon is marginalized by an impoverished food supply, in part the consequence of habitat loss resulting from anthropogenic activities.
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Wong, Allan HK, Donald J. McQueen, D. Dudley Williams, and Eric Demers. "Transfer of mercury from benthic invertebrates to fishes in lakes with contrasting fish community structures." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 1320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-035.
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We examined the flow of mercury (Hg) from benthic invertebrates to fishes in lakes with contrasting fish community structure. The study was carried out in two whole lakes in southcentral Ontario in 1992. Both were remote from direct sources of contamination and were chosen because of their physical and chemical similarities. Although the fish communities in the two lakes were qualitatively similar, the total number of fishes in Ranger Lake was an order of magnitude smaller than that in Mouse Lake. As a result of the lower net predation from benthivorous fishes, documented in earlier studies, Ranger Lake benthic invertebrate populations were significantly higher. However, benthic invertebrate taxa in Mouse Lake were generally larger and had higher Hg concentrations. This was partly attributed to the stunted growth of Mouse Lake fishes, which did not allow them to prey on larger benthos as a result of gape limitations. Despite the lower Hg concentrations in Ranger Lake benthos, total benthic invertebrate Hg pools were higher in this lake as a result of its higher total benthic invertebrate biomass. However, the transfer of total Hg from benthic invertebrates to fishes was higher in Mouse Lake due to the higher consumption rates of benthivorous fishes.
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Imam, Noha, and Reda E. Bendary. "Biomonitoring of radioactive contamination using benthic invertebrate communities in Manzala Lake, Egypt." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 52, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.2.02.
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Manzala Lake, the largest in Egypt’s Nile Delta, has significant human activity. The Lake’s ecological condition has recently been impacted by a significant increase in agricultural, industrial, and urban wastewater discharge. Avaluable tool for monitoring the water quality of Manzal aLake is the sensitivity of invertebrate species to various types of pollution, such as radioactive contamination. Activity concentrations of radionuclides Radium-226 (226Ra),Thorium-232 (232Th), Potassium-40 ( 40K), and Caesium-137(137Cs) were measured in water, sediments and benthic invertebrate samples in 2020. The benthic community’s spatial distribution and the radionuclides’ bioaccumulation were evaluated to determine possible relationships.Thirty taxa of benthic invertebrates were recognised.The data illustrated that the mean activity concentratio nof radionuclides in water was in the order of 40K > 232Th >226Ra > 137Cs, which changed into 40K > 226Ra > 232Th > 137Csin the sediment and benthic invertebrates. Gastropoda and Ostracoda are the dominating groups of benthos in the lake and are related to the highest concentrations of radionuclides. The benthos species with shells dominated at the sites with the highest activity concentration of 226Ra, while soft-bodied organisms dominated in sites with the highest average 137Cs activity in these samples.
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Khoshnamvand, Mehdi, Almasieh Almasieh, and Shahram Kaboodvandpour. "Assessment of Mercury Accumulation and Magnification in a Freshwater Food Chain: Sediment, Benthos and Benthivorous Fish." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 12, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.12.5.545.1.
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Background: Present study was conducted to measure the level of total mercury (tHg) in sediments, benthos and benthivorous fish (i.e., common carp) for determining Biota (Benthos)-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF), as well as Biomagnification Factor (BMF) of tHg between two trophic levels of benthos and benthivorous fish caught from Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR) in the west of Iran. Methods: Samples of sediments and benthos biomasses were collected from three sampling stations. Common carps were captured around the selected stations during July to December 2010. Results: Means accumulated tHg (±SE) in sediments, benthos masses and muscle tissue of common carp were 117.66±9.72, 94.3±5.02 and 233.21±20.67 ng g-1 dry weight, respectively. Means accumulated tHg in benthos masses and muscle tissue of the common carp during the studying months showed no significant differences (P>0.05), while it was significantly differed in sediment samples (P<0.05). Results showed that there were statistically significant differences between accumulated tHg between sediment and benthos mass samples collected from the study sites (P<0.05). Conclusion: During the study, all calculated BSAF measurements were less than one, indicating transmission of mercury from sediment to benthos was not considerable. However, mercury BMFs was higher than one, denoting mercury biomagnification occurred from the benthos trophic level to the higher trophic level (i.e., common carp) in study site. Hence, the health considerations have to be taken in to the account for consumption of fishery products of SGR.
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Hasyiati, Rasma, Muhammad Ali Sarong, Safrida Safrida, Djufri Djufri, and Ismul Huda. "Distribution pattern of benthos based on substrate in the mangrove area of Labuhan Haji District, South Aceh Regency." Depik 12, no. 3 (December 26, 2023): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.12.3.31503.
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Mangrove areas can function as habitats for spawning, rearing, and foraging for various species in them. Benthos is an organism that lives on the bottom of the water. Research on benthos distribution patterns based on substrate was carried out with the aim of studying benthos species, types of substrates, and analyzing benthos distribution patterns based on substrates in Labuhan Haji District, South Aceh District, Aceh Province. The method used in this study is the method of observation and field work. The benthos distribution pattern based on the substrate was calculated using the morphic index. Identification results found 31 species of benthos consisting of 3 classes, namely gastropods with 7 orders, bivalves with 4 orders, and malacostraca with 1 order and the type of substrate analyzed obtained 4 types of substrate namely dusty loam, sandy loam, silt and sand. The benthos distribution pattern based on the substrate obtained 2 categories, namely uniform on sandy loam and sandy clay substrates, and clustered on dusty and dusty clay substrates.Keywords:MangrovesBenthosSubstrate TypeSpread patternLabuhan Haji
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Hanibe, Jodi J., Noldy G. F. Mamangkey, Indri S. Manembu, Farnis B. Boneka, Medy Ompi, and Novie P. L. Pangemanan. "KEPADATAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS FAUNA BENTOS (>1MM) PADA DAERAH PECAHAN KARANG DI PERAIRAN KELURAHAN MOLAS TELUK MANADO." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 10, no. 2 (June 2, 2022): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.10.2.2022.54983.
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Benthic fauna is a group of benthic organisms that live on the bottom of the water or the bottom of the sediment or between sediments. This study aims to obtain an overview of the distribution and types of benthic faunal organisms measuring > 1mm in the waters of Molas Village at a depth of 1-3 m, especially around coral fragments. Benthos sampling was carried out using a grab sampler with three repetitions. The benthic sediment sample was sieved using a 1000 m (1.0 mm) sieve. The sediment retained in the sieve was then identified based on its morphological characters using a stereo microscope. Furthermore, the number of organisms found was counted and analyzed according to the calculation of the ecological index. The results of the identification of benthic faunal organisms >1mm obtained a total of 36 types of mollusks consisting of 34 species belonging to the class Gastropods and 2 species belonging to the class Bivalvia which were divided into 24 families and obtained an average density of 81.4 ind/m2, Diversity Index 1, 47 (medium category), Uniformity Index 0.97 (high category) and Dominance Index 0.27 (nothing dominates).
Keywords: benthic ecology, grab sampling, Manado Bay
ABSTRAK
Fauna bentos merupakan kelompok organisme bentos yang hidup di dasar perairan atau dasar sedimen maupun di antara sedimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran distribusi dan jenis organisme fauna bentos yang berukuran > 1mm di daerah perairan Kelurahan Molas padakedalaman 1-3 m khususnya di sekitar pecahan karang. Pengambilan sampel bentos dilakukan dengan menggunakan grab sampler dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Sampel sedimen bentos diayak menggunakan saringan 1000 µm (1,0 mm). Sedimen yang tertahan di saringan kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi dengan menggunakan bantuan mikroskop stereo. Selanjutnya jumlah organisme yang ditemukan dihitung dan dianalisis menurut perhitungan indeks ekologi.Hasil identifikasi organisme fauna bentos >1mm mendapatkan total 36 jenis moluska yang terdiri dari 34 spesies anggota kelas Gastropoda dan 2 spesies anggota kelas Bivalvia yang terbagi dalam 24 famili dan mendapatkan hasil rata-rata kepadatan 81,4 ind/m2, Indeks Keanekaragaman 1,47 (kategori sedang), Indeks Keseragaman 0,97 (kategori tinggi) dan Indeks Dominansi 0,27 (tergolong tidak ada yang mendominasi).
Kata Kunci: Ekologi bentos, grab sampling, Teluk Manado
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Takahashi, A., T. Higashitani, Y. Yakou, M. Saitou, H. Tamamoto, and H. Tanaka. "Evaluating bioaccumulation of suspected endocrine disruptors into periphytons and benthos in the Tama River." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 9 (May 1, 2003): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0495.
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There are two major routes through which fish are exposed to endocrine disruptors (EDs); one route is through water that is a habitat; the other is through aquatic food such as algae and benthos. Few studies on the bioaccumulation of EDs in food have been conducted. Therefore, we evaluated the concentration in food of nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA) and 17β-estradiol (E2), which were frequently detected in river water and in final discharge of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in Japan. We also evaluated the estrogenicity of samples using recombinant yeast. NP concentrations ranged 0.1-0.4 mg/L in the river water, while they ranged 8-130 mg/kg-wet in the periphytons and 8-140 μg/kg-wet in the benthos. BPA concentrations ranged 0.02-0.15 μg/L in the river water, while they ranged 2-8.8 μg/kg-wet in the periphytons and 0.3-12 μg/kg-wet in the benthos. E2 concentrations ranged 0.0001-0.0076 μg/L in the water, while they ranged 0.09-2.26 μg/kg-wet in the periphytons and <0.01-0.22 μg/kg-wet in the benthos. The estrogenicity ranged 0.0001-0.0464 μg-E2equivalent/L in the water, while it ranged 3.4-66.8 μg-E2equivalent/kg-wet in the periphytons and 7.4-5458 μg-E2equivalent/kg-wet in the benthos. Bioaccumulation factors of NP are estimated as 160-650 for the periphytons, and 63-990 for the benthos, respectively. Bioaccumulation factors of BPA are estimated as 18-650 for the periphytons, and 8-170 for the benthos, respectively. Bioaccumulation factors of E2 are estimated as 64-1,200 for the periphytons, and 100-160 for the benthos, respectively. The ratios of the periphytons and the benthos to the water in terms of the estrogenicity were larger than those in terms of the chemicals. In particularly, the ratio of the benthos to the water is about 106 in the maximum. The results suggest that food may be a more important route for fish exposed to EDs in water environment.
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HASTUTI♥, ENDAH DWI, RINI BUDI HASTUTI, and SRI DARMANTI. "Plankton and benthos similarity indices as indicators of the impact of mangrove plantation on the environmental quality of silvofishery ponds." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 1558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190449.
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Hastuti ED, Hastuti RB, Darmanti S. 2018. Plankton and benthos similarity indices as indicators of the impact of mangroveplantation on the environmental quality of silvofishery ponds. Biodiversitas 19: 1558-1567. This research was carried out in a coastalarea of Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. It aimed to study the composition of plankton and benthos communities in silvofisheryponds, and to analyze the similarity in plankton and benthos composition between ponds as an indicator of variation in pondenvironmental quality. Nine pond treatments were sampled for their plankton and benthos composition. The nine treatments consisted ofa factorial combination of three mangrove species assemblages (Avicennia marina (M1), Rhizophora mucronata (M2), and a mixture ofboth (M3)) at three mangrove populations (5 trees (S1), 10 trees (S2), and 15 trees (S3)). Similarity index analysis was conducted tomeasure the impact of treatments on the plankton and benthos communities. The total number of plankton species identified inobservation periods in May, July and September of 2016, were 23, 16 and 21 species repectively, while for the benthos there were eightsomewhat different species identified in each of the three observation periods. Fluctuation in plankton and benthos composition tendedto achieve a balance in richness by the time of the the third observation period. Diatoms, particularly Gyrosigma sp., were the mostwidely distributed plankton in the first and third observation periods, while Pyramidella sulcata was the only well-distributed benthosspecies in the three observation periods. Pairwise similarity indices between treatments ranged from 0% to 62.5% for plankton and from16.7% to 100% for benthos. The results of the investigation suggested that mangrove species affected plankton and benthos speciesrichness in this initial stage of a silvofishery development: plankton composition appeared to be richer in ponds with A. marina, whilebenthos was richer in ponds with R. mucronata.
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Prasidya, Denaya Andrya, Rizka Novembrianto, Munawar Munawar, Muhammad Abdus Salam Jawwad, and Muslikha Nourma Rhomadhoni. "Bioindikator Plankton dan Benthos dalam Monitoring Kualitas Air Sungai PT. WXYZ." JURNAL ENVIROTEK 14, no. 2 (October 26, 2022): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/envirotek.v14i2.233.
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Pemantauan kualitas air sungai memberikan gambaran terhadap keanekaragaman Plankton dan benthos. Tujuan penelitian ini sebagai bahan evaluasi kualitas air badan air sungai disekitar PT. WXYZ. Terdapat tiga titik pengamatan yakni pada upstream, titik outfall air limbah dan downstream. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Hasil dari analisa yakni Jenis dan kelimpahan benthos pada lokasi sungai PT. WXYZ variasinya sangat rendah, yaitu 1 filum Annelida kelas Clitelata yang terdiri dari 1 spesies yaitu Tubifex sp. dengan kelimpahan 13 individu/mL. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) benthos termasuk dalam kategori komunitas rendah; sedangkan indeks dominansi (D) benthos pada pertambakan ini lebih cenderung pada kondisi ada mendominasi jenis benthos tertentu. Plankton yang ditemukan di sungai PT. WXYZ ada 16 genus yang terdiri dari 14 genus fitoplankton yaitu Istmia, Fragillaria, Navicula, Pleurosigma, Placoneis, Diatoma, Cosmarium, Chlorella, Eudorina, Pyramimonas, Oscillatoria, Arthrospira, Spirulina, Vacuolaria, dan 2 genus zooplankton yaitu Favella dan Euglena. Rata-rata indeks keanekaragaman plankton di sungai PT. WXYZ, tergolong rendah. Tingkat pencemaran tergolong dalam tingkat pencemaran sedang yang ditunjukkan adanya jenis benthos dan plankton yang mampu hidup di lingkungan yang mengandung logam.
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Anufriieva, Elena, Elena Kolesnikova, Tatiana Revkova, Alexander Latushkin, and Nickolai Shadrin. "Human-Induced Sharp Salinity Changes in the World’s Largest Hypersaline Lagoon Bay Sivash (Crimea) and Their Effects on the Ecosystem." Water 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030403.
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Lakes and lagoons play an important role worldwide, and salinity fluctuations significantly affect their ecosystems. Bay Sivash, the world’s largest hypersaline water body, underwent a sharp change in salinity, induced by the closing of the North Crimean Canal. To monitor a shift in the ecosystem, a study was carried out from 2014 to 2020 at 15 sites of the lagoon. Since the closure of the canal, the average salinity increased from 22 g L−1 (2013) to 94 g L−1 (2020). Suspended solids and dissolved organic matter also increased. When salinity increased above 50 g L−1, the number of taxa significantly decreased; this was a negative linear relation. The increase in salinity significantly changed the structure of zooplankton and benthos. The most dramatic changes occurred with the salinity increase from 25 to 70 g L−1. Chironomidae larvae numbers began to increase greatly in the ecosystem of the bay, and since 2014, they have rapidly increased their contribution to the abundance of benthos and plankton. The concentration of benthic–planktonic species increased in plankton, in particular, in Harpacticoida and Chironomidae. At salinity above 80–90 g L−1, nauplii and adult brine shrimp appeared to become abundant in plankton and benthos. The transit of the ecosystem to a new alternative state occurred.
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Pearson, T. H. "The benthos of soft sublittoral habitats." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 100 (1992): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026972700001109x.
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SynopsisA brief outline of the characteristics and habitat of marine sedimentary benthos is given together with a consideration of the factors influencing the structure and distribution of benthic communities and the role of larval strategies in influencing recruitment to such communities. The bearing these ecological factors have for the conservation of such communities in Scottish waters is discussed in the context of current and potential threats to their present stability and distributions. It is suggested that the rich communities of the fjordic and shelf areas of the western coast and island groups merit the greatest current concern for conservation, in the face of increasing pressures from a range of developmental actions.
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Mahmudin, Mahmudin, Fajria Sari Sakaria, and Veranika Veranika. "Dampak Perluasan Lahan Tambak Terhadap Keanekaragaman Makrozoobenthos Di Ekosistem Mangrove." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 20, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.3.546-552.
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Pengalihan fungsi lahan mangrove menjadi tambak masyarakat telah menyebabkan proses abrasi dan sedimentasi yang cukup parah, sehingga diduga menyebabkan kontaminasi terhadap keberadaan biota pada lahan tersebut salah satunya yaitu organisme benthos. Berdasarkan kajian literatur terjadi kenaikan luasan tambak di kota Palopo dari 815 ha pada tahun 2005 menjadi 1.566 ha di tahun 2019. Kenaikan luasan tambak tersebut dapat memberikan dampak terhadap kelestarian ekosistem mangrove dan biota-biota yang berasosiasi dengan lahan mangrove khususnya organisme benthos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kondisi keanekaragaman organisme benthos yang berada pada ekosistem mangrove yang telah diubah menjadi area tambak di Kota Palopo. Lokasi pengamatan terbagi dalam satu kawasan ekosistem mangrove yang telah di konversi menjadi lahan tambak dan satu kawasan ekosistem mangrove yang tidak dikonversi menjadi lahan mangrove (kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai keanekaragaman lebih tinggi di peroleh pada lokasi kontrol dibandingkan dengan lokasi tambak. Lokasi kontrol memiliki nilai keanekargaman 1,315 dan lokasi tambak nilai 0,223.ABSTRACTThe conversion of the function of mangrove land into community ponds has caused a process of abrasion and sedimentation that is quite severe, so it is suspected that it causes contamination of the presence of biota on the land, one of which is benthic organisms. Based on a literature review, there was an increase in the area of ponds in the city of Palopo from 815 ha in 2005 to 1,566 ha in 2019. The increase in pond area can have an impact on the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem and the biota associated with mangrove land, especially benthic organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of benthos biodiversity in the mangrove ecosystem that has been converted into a pond area in Palopo City. The observation location is divided into one mangrove ecosystem area that has been converted into pond land and one mangrove ecosystem area that has not been converted to mangrove land (control). The results showed that higher diversity values were obtained at the control location compared to the pond location. The control location has a diversity value of 1.315 and the location of the pond has a value of 0.223.
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Ulfa, Fitria, Muhammad Ali Sarong, and Abdullah Abdullah. "Dampak Pengalihan Lahan Mangrove Terhadap Keanekaragaman Benthos di Kecamatan Jaya Baru Kota Banda Aceh." BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v4i1.1069.
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This study aims to determine the impact of the land transfer to the diversity of mangrove benthos in the district of Banda Aceh Jaya Baru. This research was conducted in September-November 2014 in an area of mangrove Jaya Baru sub-district of Banda Aceh. The method used survey method or direct observation. Stations were divided into four stations using purposive sampling method on the basis of the existence of mangrove. Benthos diversity analyzed by formula diversity index, while the impact of the transfer was analyzed with the description. The results obtained by analysis of benthos diversity on land that has been reclaimed 1.18 and on land that is not reclaimed 1,17. The conclusion is the diversity of benthos was proving that the land transfer mangrove in the district of Banda Aceh Jaya Baru impact on the benthos diversity that needs to be disseminated and awareness-raising so that the mangrove ecosystem is maintained.
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Post, John R., and Donald J. McQueen. "Variability in First-Year Growth of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens): Predictions from a Simple Model, Observations, and an Experiment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 2501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-249.
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First-year growth of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, varies by greater than an order of magnitude among populations and among cohorts within populations. The variability in growth rates of natural and enclosure-reared young-of-the-year yellow perch could be explained by the availability of benthic and/or plank-tonic prey (R2 = 0.093–0.098). Mean annual water temperature and cumulative degree-days did not add to the explanatory power of the relationships. The faster growing natural cohorts included more benthos in their diet; however, benthos is not necessary to sustain the highest growth rates because the fastest growth rates were observed in enclosure cohorts that lacked benthic invertebrates. Cohorts in lakes and enclosures that had a high proportion of Daphnia in the zooplankton community also supported higher first-year growth rates. The results of the enclosure experiment suggest that the dominant mechanism creating growth variability is density-dependent intra-age-class competition. Our empirical results, when coupled with a simple model, suggest that the assumption of a negative relationship between energetic costs of foraging and prey abundance, on a daily time scale, is the most appropriate because it acts to amplify growth variability across ranges of prey abundance.
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Farrell, Eilish M., Andreas Neumann, Jan Beermann, and Alexa Wrede. "Raised water temperature enhances benthopelagic links via intensified bioturbation and benthos-mediated nutrient cycling." PeerJ 12 (February 28, 2024): e17047. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17047.
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Sediment reworking by benthic infauna, namely bioturbation, is of pivotal importance in expansive soft-sediment environments such as the Wadden Sea. Bioturbating fauna facilitate ecosystem functions such as bentho-pelagic coupling and sediment nutrient remineralization capacities. Yet, these benthic fauna are expected to be profoundly affected by current observed rising sea temperatures. In order to predict future changes in ecosystem functioning in soft-sediment environments like the Wadden Sea, knowledge on the underlying processes such as sediment reworking, is crucial. Here, we tested how temperature affects bioturbation and its associated ecosystem processes, such as benthic nutrient fluxes and sediment oxygen consumption, using luminophore tracers and sediment incubation cores. We used a controlled mesocosm experiment set-up with key Wadden Sea benthos species: the burrowing polychaetes Arenicola marina and Hediste diversicolor, the bivalve Cerastoderma edule, and the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega. The highest bioturbation rates were observed from A. marina, reaching up to 375 cm2yr−1; followed by H. diversicolor, with 124 cm2yr−1 being the peak bioturbation rate for the ragworm. Additionally, the sediment reworking activity of A. marina facilitated nearly double the amount of silicate efflux compared to any other species. Arenicola marina and H. diversicolor accordingly facilitated stronger nutrient effluxes under a warmer temperature than L. conchilega and C. edule. The oxygen uptake of A. marina and H. diversicolor within the sediment incubation cores was correspondingly enhanced with a higher temperature. Thus, increases in sea temperatures may initially be beneficial to ecosystem functioning in the Wadden Sea as faunal bioturbation is definitely expedited, leading to a tighter coupling between the sediment and overlying water column. The enhanced bioturbation activity, oxygen consumption, and facilitated nutrient effluxes from these invertebrates themselves, will aid in the ongoing high levels of primary productivity and organic matter production.
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Jean-Renaud Allouko, Armand Kressou, Kémomadjèhi Claver Djiriéoulou, Zamo Marc Ephrem Gbessi, and Kotchi Yves Bony. "First inventory of the composition and structure of the benthic macrofauna of the San-Pédro port basin’s darsine waters (South-West, Côte d’Ivoire)." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.21.3.0473.
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Port activities such as ship traffic and dredging of port basin's sediment can impact biological communities such as the benthos, the composition of which remains unknown. Moreover, the knowledge of the ivorian’s port basin benthic fauna is of concern to both scientists and port authorities in the development of their activities. This study carried out in July and December 2021, aimed to provide the first data on the composition of San-Pédro’s port basin benthic macroinvertebrates communities. For this purpose, four (4) sampling points were defined near the new wharf and in the central channel of this port. The measurements of the physical-chemical parameters of the darsine waters (temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and lead content) were carried out in situ between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m. using a multiparameter. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected with a Van Veen bucket with the help of two divers. The physical-chemical parameters indicated that the waters were oxygenated and turbid in the construction area of the new wharf. They were salty, warm, and rich in lead in the central channel. 39 species classified in 34 families, 25 orders, 07 classes, and 05 phyla. The phylum of mollusks (with 29 species) was the most preponderant. The distribution of macroinvertebrates was influenced by lead, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and temperature. The benthos populations of port basin were lowly diversified and with a fairly balanced organization.
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Kalinkina, Nataliya Michailovna. "How are you, benthos?" Principles of the Ecology 31, no. 1 (March 2019): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j1.art.2019.8942.
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Harvey, R. "Sampling deep-sea benthos." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 88 (1986): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000014858.
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Sokolova, N. Yu, and E. I. Izvekova. "Benthos of Lake Glubokoe." Hydrobiologia 141, no. 1-2 (October 1986): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00007482.
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Agustina, Risna, Nurhayati -, and Benjamin J. Lekatompessy. "PENGARUH JARAK PERTAMBANGAN EMAS SKALA KECIL (PESK) TERHADAP MERKURI DALAM AIR SUNGAI DAN BENTHOS DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG." JURNAL TECHLINK 7, no. 2 (December 6, 2023): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.59134/jtnk.v7i2.575.
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Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) in Indonesia is carried out using amalgamation techniques which produce mercury waste and have the potential to pollute the surrounding environment. Mercury contamination is suspected to have occurred in the Ciherang River. This study aims to analyze mercury levels in river water and the benthos of the Ciherang River with a difference of 0.28 km before mining, 0.51 km after mining and 1.42 km after mining. Water and benthos samples were taken using a water sampler while benthos used an Ekman grab which was then taken to the laboratory and analyzed for mercury levels with a mercury analyzer. The mercury level in Ciherang River water ranges from 0.0002 mg/L – 0.0005 mg/L. While the mercury content in benthos ranges from 0.04 mg/kg – 0.2 mg/kg.
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Novembrianto, Rizka, Denaya Andrya Prasidya, Munawar Envirotek, Muhammad Abdus Salam Jawwad, and Muslikha Nourma Rhomadhoni. "Bioindikator Plankton dan Benthos dalam Monitoring Kualitas Air Sungai PT. WXYZ." JURNAL ENVIROTEK 14, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/envirotek.v14i2.35.
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Pemantauan kualitas air sungai memberikan gambaran terhadap keanekaragaman Plankton dan benthos. Tujuan penelitian ini sebagai bahan evaluasi kualitas badan air sungai disekitar PT. WXYZ. Terdapat dua titik pengamatan yakni pada upstream dan downstream. Teknik yang dimanfaatkan yaitu purposive sampling. Temuan riset yakni filum dan kelimpahan benthos di sungai PT. WXYZ sangat minim, hanya ada 1 Filum Bethos pada lokasi sampel Downstream Air Sungai yaitu Clitella dengan spesies benthos Tubifex sp (Cacing Sutra) sebanyak 13 individu. Plankton yang ditemukan di sungai PT. WXYZ ada 16 genus yang memuat 14 genus fitoplankton yaitu Istmia, Fragillaria, Navicula, Pleurosigma, Placoneis, Diatoma, Cosmarium, Chlorella, Eudorina, Pyramimonas, Oscillatoria, Arthrospira, Spirulina, Vacuolaria, dan 2 spesies zooplankton, Favella dan Euglena. Keberadaan benthos dan plankton yang mampu bertahan pada lingkungan yang mengandung logam menunjukkan tingkat pencemaran sedang.
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Jørgensen, Lis Lindal, Pavel Ljubin, Hein Rune Skjoldal, Randi B. Ingvaldsen, Natalia Anisimova, and Igor Manushin. "Distribution of benthic megafauna in the Barents Sea: baseline for an ecosystem approach to management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 2 (July 2, 2014): 595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu106.
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Abstract Benthos plays a significant role as substrate, refuge from predation and food for a wide variety of fish and invertebrates of all life stages and should therefore be considered in the ecosystem approach (EA) to management. Epibenthos from trawl catches, used in annual assessments of commercial fish stocks, was identified and measured on-board. The 2011 dataset present the baseline mapping for monitoring and included 354 taxa (218 to species level) analysed with multivariate statistical methods. This revealed four main megafaunal regions: southwestern (SW), banks/slopes in southeast and west (SEW), northwestern (NW), and northeastern (NE) which were significantly related to depth, temperature, salinity, and number of ice-days. The SW region was dominated by filter-feeders (sponges) in the inflow area of warm Atlantic water while the deeper trenches had a detritivorous fauna (echinoderms). In the SEW region, predators (sea stars, anemones and snow crabs) prevailed together with filtrating species (sea cucumber and bivalves) within a mosaic of banks and slopes. Plankton-feeding brittlestars were common in the NW and NE region, but with increasing snow crab population in NE. Climate change, potentially expanding trawling activity, and increasing snow and king crab populations might all have impacts on the benthos. Benthos should therefore be a part of an integrated assessment of a changing sea, and national agencies might consider adding benthic taxonomic expertise on-board scientific research vessels to identify the invertebrate “by-catch” as part of routine trawl surveys.
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Wang, Hong Wei, Zhao Lai, Chun Long Zhao, Li Kun Yang, Wen Bo Zhao, and Duan Bo Cai. "Benthic Diversity Survey and Water Quality Evaluation of Taizi Water System in Liaohe River." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.161.
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The benthos in Taizi water system of Liaohe River were collected in June 2011.Benthiccommunity composition was analyzed, sample points diversity indexes were calculated, waterquality of TaiZi water system was evaluated, and according to the analysis, the main influencefactors of benthic index are pollution and human activities. Corresponding measures should betaken to protect the health of the river and pollution must be controlled. At same time, humaninterference activities should be controlled.
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Duplisea, Daniel E., Simon Jennings, Karema J. Warr, and Tracy A. Dinmore. "A size-based model of the impacts of bottom trawling on benthic community structure." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-148.
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Bottom trawling causes widespread disturbance to the sediments in shallow-shelf seas. The resultant mortality of benthic fauna is strongly size dependent. We empirically demonstrate that beam trawling frequency in the central North Sea had a greater effect on fauna size distribution in a soft sediment benthic community than variables such as sediment particle size and water depth. Accordingly, we simulated the impacts of trawling disturbance on benthos using a model consisting of 37 organism size classes between 1 μg and 140 g wet weight. The model produced a productionbiomass versus size relationship consistent with published studies and allowed us to predict the impacts of trawling frequency on benthos size distributions. Outputs were consistent with empirical data; however, at high yet realistic trawling frequencies, the model predicted an extirpation of most macrofauna. Empirical data show that macrofauna persist in many heavily trawled regions; therefore, we suggest that trawling by real fisheries is sufficiently heterogeneous to provide spatial refuges less impacted by trawling. If correct, our analyses suggest that fishery management measures that do not reduce total effort but do lead to effort displacement and spatial homogenization (e.g., temporarily closed areas) may have adverse effects on the systemic persistence of intermediate- and large-sized macrofauna.
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Welch, H. E., T. D. Siferd, and P. Bruecker. "Marine zooplanktonic and benthic community respiration rates at Resolute, Canadian high Arctic." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 995–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-006.
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Benthic community respiration rates and macrozooplankton (>202 µm) biomass and respiration rates were measured throughout a calender year at Resolute (74°42 prime N, 94°50 prime W). The plankton averaged 7.2 g dry weight · m-2 with no seasonal pattern and respired 82 g O2 · m-2 · yr-1. Gelatinous and chaetognath predators made up 10% of macrozooplankton biomass and respired 6.4% of planktonic respiration. The lipid content of the nongelatinous fraction fluctuated seasonaly from 64% of dry weight in midwinter to 46% in early summer. The benthic soft-bottom community inside Resolute Bay respired about 125 g O2 · m-2 · yr-1, with a twofold rate increase in late summer. Offshore on hard bottom the few measurements we obtained suggested a respiration rate of about 75 g O2 · m-2 · yr-1. The macrozooplankton and benthos were therefore approximately equal in energy flow. The total ecosystem respiration of 157 g O2 · m-2 · yr-1 corroborated a previous independent estimate of photosynthesis of 60 g C · m-2 · yr-1 for the region. Microplankton respiration appeared to be relatively low. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the proporion of primary production exported to the benthos increases with decreasing water temperature and depth, increasing latitude, and increasing cell size.
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Jackson, Togwell A. "Accumulation of Mercury by Plankton and Benthic Invertebrates in Riverine Lakes of Northern Manitoba (Canada): Importance of Regionally and Seasonally Varying Environmental Factors." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1744–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-206.
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Mercury (Hg) concentrations in plankton and benthic invertebrates from riverine lakes of northern Manitoba were generally found to be unrelated, or inversely related, to inorganic and methyl mercury levels and Hg methylation rates in their habitats but were strongly dependent on environmental factors. The relationships suggest that the uptake of Hg by these organisms was controlled largely by suspended and sedimentary Hg-binding substances such as FeOOH, MnOOH, organic matter, sulfides, and clay. The sole exception was midsummer phytoplankton, whose Hg content was a function of Hg levels in local sediments, probably because interference by suspended detritus was minimal; during the spring flood, such interference had a predominant effect. Aeration of lake water by fluvial currents probably enhances the availability of Hg to plankton by promoting decomposition of organic matter and sulfides but decreases the availability of Hg to some benthic animals by causing MnOOH precipitation. FeOOH apparently limits Hg uptake by chironomid larvae but MnOOH limits Hg uptake by oligochaetes, nematodes, and pelecypods, suggesting preferential uptake of certain forms of Hg by particular biological and mineral species. Decreases in temperature may also retard Hg uptake by benthos. Biodilution has no significant effect on Hg accumulation by benthos or plankton.