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1
Wong, Allan HK, Donald J. McQueen, D. Dudley Williams, and Eric Demers. "Transfer of mercury from benthic invertebrates to fishes in lakes with contrasting fish community structures." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 1320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-035.
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We examined the flow of mercury (Hg) from benthic invertebrates to fishes in lakes with contrasting fish community structure. The study was carried out in two whole lakes in southcentral Ontario in 1992. Both were remote from direct sources of contamination and were chosen because of their physical and chemical similarities. Although the fish communities in the two lakes were qualitatively similar, the total number of fishes in Ranger Lake was an order of magnitude smaller than that in Mouse Lake. As a result of the lower net predation from benthivorous fishes, documented in earlier studies, Ranger Lake benthic invertebrate populations were significantly higher. However, benthic invertebrate taxa in Mouse Lake were generally larger and had higher Hg concentrations. This was partly attributed to the stunted growth of Mouse Lake fishes, which did not allow them to prey on larger benthos as a result of gape limitations. Despite the lower Hg concentrations in Ranger Lake benthos, total benthic invertebrate Hg pools were higher in this lake as a result of its higher total benthic invertebrate biomass. However, the transfer of total Hg from benthic invertebrates to fishes was higher in Mouse Lake due to the higher consumption rates of benthivorous fishes.
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Galarowicz, Tracy L., and David H. Wahl. "Foraging by a young-of-the-year piscivore: the role of predator size, prey type, and density." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 2330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-148.
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Young-of-the-year piscivores undergo ontogenetic diet shifts, but mechanisms influencing prey selection and implications for growth are unclear. We examined foraging and growth of 20- to 150-mm walleye (Sander vitreus) fed either zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, or fish over a range of prey densities in the laboratory. The number of each prey type consumed was influenced by walleye size and prey density. Walleye exhibited type II functional responses on each prey type; attack coefficients were constant across zooplankton and fish densities but decreased with benthic invertebrate densities. Handling time estimates were greater for fish than for other prey types but similar for zooplankton and benthos. Foraging efficiencies on zooplankton and benthic invertebrates increased with walleye size but were variable for fish prey. The smallest walleye size class (20 mm) had similar energy return (J·min1) and growth (g·day1) on zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and fish. For larger walleye, both energy return and growth were highest on fish, intermediate on benthic invertebrates, and lowest on zooplankton. Diet shifts of juvenile piscivores and, consequently, growth can be explained by ontogenetic changes in foraging abilities and prey densities.
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Romero, Nicolas, Robert E. Gresswell, and Judith L. Li. "Changing patterns in coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) diet and prey in a gradient of deciduous canopies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-099.
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We examined the influence of riparian vegetation patterns on coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki diet and prey from the summer of 2001 through the spring of 2002. Benthic and drifting invertebrates, allochthonous prey, and fish diet were collected from deciduous, conifer, and mixed sections of three Oregon coastal watersheds. The nine sites were best characterized as a continuum of deciduous cover, and shrub cover and proportion of deciduous canopy were positively correlated (r = 0.74). Most sources of prey (benthic invertebrate biomass, allochthonous invertebrate inputs, aquatic and total invertebrate drift) and aquatic prey ingested by coastal cutthroat trout were greater where shrub cover was more abundant. Only aquatic drift, total invertebrate drift, and allochthonous invertebrates were positively correlated with deciduous vegetation. Compared with coniferous sites, allochthonous invertebrates under deciduous and mixed canopies were almost 30% more abundant. Stream discharge likely influenced seasonal fluxes of aquatic invertebrate biomass in the benthos and drift. Aquatic insects dominated gut contents during this study; however, terrestrial prey were most common in the diet during the summer and fall. In the Pacific northwest, systematic removal of deciduous riparian vegetation to promote conifers may have unintended consequences on food resources of coastal cutthroat trout and aquatic food web interactions.
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Al-Ameen, Feryal A. M. "An Ecological Survey of Benthic Invertebrates in Three Sites in Shatt-Al-Kufa at Al-Najaf Province, Iraq." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences 26, no. 8 (October 15, 2018): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v26i8.1691.
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The present study was conducted to determine the structure of benthic invertebrates community, as well as a study of some factors associated with water quality in Shatt Al-Kufa. The study was included a choice of three sites located along the Shatt Al-Kufa River, water samples and benthic invertebrates were collected during the period from February 2014 to January 2015.
The abiotic study included measurements of chlorophyll a, salinity, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, total hardness, nitrate, and sulfate. The biotic study included the determination the composition of the benthic invertebrates community through the study of the mean population density, the relative abundance index of these organisms and the Jaccard Coefficient was calculated to identify the value of similarity between the studied sites. In the present study, 28 taxa of benthic invertebrates were recorded belong to 4 main groups which are: 8 taxa belonged to Annelida, 7 belonged to Insecta, 10 belonged to Mollusca, 3 belonged to Nematoda. Annelida recorded the highest percentage 40.8% of the total number of benthic invertebrates, Insecta with 30.3%, Mollusca and Nematoda with 28.4 %, 0.5% respectively. Benthic invertebrate has shown positive and negative relationships with the studied physical and chemical characteristics.
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Taboada, Sergi, Luis Francisco García-Fernández, Santiago Bueno, Jennifer Vázquez, Carmen Cuevas, and Conxita Avila. "Antitumoural activity in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthic organisms." Antarctic Science 22, no. 5 (July 19, 2010): 494–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000416.
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AbstractA prospecting search for antitumoural activity in polar benthic invertebrates was conducted on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthos in three different areas: Bouvet Island (sub-Antarctic), eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). A total of 770 benthic invertebrate samples (corresponding to at least 290 different species) from 12 different phyla were assayed to establish their pharmacological potential against three human tumour cell lines (colorectal adenocarcinoma, lung carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma). Bioassays resulted in 15 different species showing anticancer activity corresponding to five different phyla: Tunicata (5), Porifera (4), Cnidaria (3), Echinodermata (2) and Annelida (1). This appears to be the largest pharmacological study ever carried out in Antarctica and it shows very promising antitumoural activities in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthos.
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Siddik, A. A., A. A. Al-Sofyani, M. A. Ba-Akdah, and S. Satheesh. "Invertebrate recruitment on artificial substrates in the Red Sea: role of substrate type and orientation." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 4 (October 26, 2018): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315418000887.
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AbstractSurface physical properties, hydrodynamics, biochemical cues, orientation and temporal scales play an important role in invertebrate larval recruitment on artificial substrates. In the present study, invertebrate recruitment on four different substrates (acrylic, stainless steel, ceramic and concrete panels) was investigated in two different orientations (vertical and horizontal) in the central Red Sea. Results showed significant variations in the abundance of benthic invertebrates between the different substrates. While barnacles and bivalves preferred panels placed in vertical positions, the abundance of bryozoans was high on horizontal panels. Artificial panel submersion season plays a significant role in the recruitment of benthic invertebrates on surfaces in the Red Sea. In conclusion, this study supports the overall notion that marine invertebrate recruitment on hard substrates is regulated by a combination of factors which include substrate type, orientation and submersion season.
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Wilhelm, Frank M., David C. Lasenby, Ralph M. Wilhelm, and Ron Plante. "A new recorder for simultaneously recording the activity and oxygen consumption of small benthic invertebrates." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-179.
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Respiration studies of small benthic invertebrates are generally completed without regard to the inclusion of a substrate or the quantification of activity in the experimental chamber. We describe a new activity monitoring system for continuously recording the activity and oxygen consumption of small benthic invertebrates in water with the presence of a substrate. We used the freshwater amphipod Diporeia hoyi to test the new system. Activity rates were significantly higher without sediment than with sediment, and oxygen consumption was directly related to activity. Future invertebrate respiration studies, especially those with infaunal organisms, will benefit from such a system by allowing researchers to determine possible test condition - treatment interactions.
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Van Hieu, Pham, Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha, Luu Viet Dung, and Koji Omori. "Carbon Sources Supporting Macro-Invertebrate Communities in Restored Mangrove Forests from Hau Loc, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090651.
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Mangrove forests are important in providing habitats for complex communities of terrestrial and marine fauna. Moreover, they are recognized as highly productive ecosystems in providing nutrients to mangrove food webs or exporting them to nearby coastal waters. In the present study, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were applied to examine the changes in the diets of benthic invertebrate communities following mangrove restoration. The isotope signature of invertebrate tissues varied among the forest ages and locations and ranged from 3.7 ± 1.0 to 13.9 ± 1.1‰ and −26.6 ± 0.5 to −15.0 ± 0.4‰ for δ15N and δ13C, respectively. The results showed that the food source assimilation of macro-invertebrates is slightly altered from a mixture of benthic microalgae and marine phytoplankton in the mudflat to a combination of benthic microalgae and sediment organic matter in the Sonneratia caseolaris and the Kandelia obovata forests. Therefore, the diets of macro-invertebrates varied following forest ages and the position of the forest in the intertidal zone. These insights from the present study are useful for the effective conservation and restoration of mangrove forests in Vietnam and worldwide.
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Smith, Michael E., Barbara J. Wyskowski, Carol M. Brooks, Charles T. Driscoll, and Christina C. Cosentini. "Relationships between Acidity and Benthic Invertebrates of Low-Order Woodland Streams in the Adirondack Mountains, New York." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-151.
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Benthic invertebrates were collected during January, April, July, and October 1985 from three low-order woodland streams in the Adirondack Mountains, New York to evaluate relationships between acidity and stream invertebrates. Total invertebrate generic richness, generic diversity, Ephemeroptera density and richness, collector–gatherer richness, and scraper density and richness were positively correlated to stream pH. Ephemeroptera and Naididae (Oligochaeta) were absent from the acidic sampling site. Enchytraeid oligochaetes and Turbellaria were collected at all sites, but in significantly higher densities at the acidic site. Elmid beetles (Optioservus ovalis, Oulimnius latiusculus, Promoresia tardella), mayflies (Cinygmula and Baetis) and caddisflies (Glossosoma, Apatania, and Micrasema) were abundant at the sites where pH was highest and were absent from other sampling locales. Total invertebrate density was not decreased at the acidic site when compared with most other sampling sites. Multiple regression analyses revealed that pH and benthic organic matter were the two most important measured stream parameters in describing the variance of invertebrate communities in the three study streams.
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Rennie, M. D., N. C. Collins, C. F. Purchase, and A. Tremblay. "Predictive models of benthic invertebrate methylmercury in Ontario and Quebec lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2770–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-181.
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Multivariate analyses on benthic invertebrate methylmercury concentrations ([MeHg]) and water chemistry from 12 Quebec water bodies were used to guide the construction of simple, predictive models of benthic invertebrate [MeHg] in 23 lakes in Ontario and Quebec. Separate predictive models for collectorshredder and predatory benthic invertebrates were constructed using multiple regression and were assessed for their predictive utility by cross-validation. Predatory benthic invertebrate [MeHg] was negatively related to pH and positively related to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (cross-validation r2 = 0.31). Collectorshredder [MeHg] was positively related to [DOC] only (cross-validation r2 = 0.13). Predictive utility of our models is similar to or surpasses that observed in previously published zooplankton MeHg models tested against independently collected data. Significant environmental variables and their contribution to the overall explanatory power of benthic invertebrate MeHg models are similar to those found in zooplankton models, suggesting that in both pelagic and benthic food webs, pH and DOC are important indicators of MeHg bioavailability. Although seasonal patterns in invertebrate [MeHg] were examined, none was detected. These models represent an effective means of identifying water bodies of interest for researchers and for reconstructing past benthic invertebrate [MeHg] patterns using archived water chemistry data.
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Dickman, M. D., J. R. Yang, and I. D. Brindle. "Impacts of Heavy Metals on Higher Aquatic Plant, Diatom and Benthic Invertebrate Communities in the Niagara River Watershed near Welland, Ontario." Water Quality Research Journal 25, no. 2 (May 1, 1990): 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1990.008.
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Abstract Nickel, chromium, zinc and lead were 60 to 500 times more concentrated in the sediments downstream of the Atlas Specialty Steels Co. than they were in the sediments of the upper Welland River or in the nearby Lyon’s Creek. These metals reached concentrations of 4,900 mg kg−1 dry weight (ppm) of nickel versus 10 ppm upstream, 890 versus 5 ppm lead, 1,050 versus 30 ppm zinc and 5,120 verses 10 ppm chromium. Changes in higher aquatic plant species composition and relative abundance downstream of the Atlas Specialty Steels Co. were plotted as a function of the downstream distance (800 m) from the point source discharge of the company. Four zones in the distribution patterns of aquatic plants were recognized. In the first zone (0–10 m from the point source) benthic invertebrates and aquatic plants were absent. In zone 2 (10–15 m from the point source) pollution tolerant benthic invertebrates such as sludge worms and blood worms as well as pollution tolerant long stemmed emergent macrophytes such as bulrushes and cattails first appeared. Further downstream (15–120 m from the point source), short stemmed macrophytes became abundant and benthic invertebrate diversity and density began to increase (zone 3). Only in zone 4 (120–800 m from the point source) did submersed macrophytes first appear and benthic invertebrates such as isopods, snails and leeches became established. Sites where sediments displayed the highest levels of heavy metal contamination displayed low species richness and low benthic invertebrate densities. These same sites displayed the highest proportions of pollution tolerant chironomid genera such as Procladius cf. bellus and Phaenopsectra flavipes and the highest percentage of pollution tolerant diatoms such as Nitzschia hantzschia and N. palea. Chironomid density was significantly lower below the point source (19 individuals m−2 versus 162 individuals m−2 upstream) as was species richness (11 versus 20 species, P < 0.05). A similar pattern was evident for other benthic invertebrates as well as epipelic diatoms (15 vs. 34 species). In addition, the frequency of chironomid deformities was significantly higher at the downstream site than at the upstream “control” site (27% vs. 9%).
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Munsch, Stuart H., Julie S. Barber, Jeffery R. Cordell, Peter M. Kiffney, Beth L. Sanderson, and Jason D. Toft. "Small invertebrates in bivalve-cultivated and unmodified habitats of nearshore ecosystems." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 6 (February 22, 2021): 1249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04520-1.
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AbstractMany nearshore ecosystems are modified by aquaculture, including bivalve culture to produce food and restore extirpated populations. Small invertebrates in nearshore ecosystems support fundamental ecological processes, but the effects of bivalve culture on invertebrates are incompletely understood. Here, we compared invertebrate assemblages from multiple studies of bivalve-cultivated and unmodified nearshore habitats along the US west coast. In general, unmodified eelgrass and nearby off-bottom culture habitats with eelgrass present were inhabited by a greater abundance, richness, and diversity of epibenthic invertebrates than bottom culture and bare (mud, sand) habitats that both lacked eelgrass. Findings of individual studies suggested: minor differences in epibenthic invertebrate assemblages associated with various aquaculture practices; restoring native oysters to mudflats did not detectably alter epibenthic invertebrate abundances; epibenthic invertebrates were more abundant on shell hash introduced to mudflats than unmodified mudflats; and benthic invertebrates were less abundant, rich, and diverse in habitats cultured on bottom by Manila clams. Considering the range of these patterns, there appears to be potential for coastal communities to restore extirpated bivalve populations or develop bivalve culture practices that meet objectives to grow food while maintaining nearshore ecosystems’ fundamental processes supported by robust invertebrate assemblages.
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Greenstreet, Simon P. R., Helen M. Fraser, and Gerjan J. Piet. "Using MPAs to address regional-scale ecological objectives in the North Sea: modelling the effects of fishing effort displacement." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn214.
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Abstract Greenstreet, S. P. R., Fraser, H. M., and Piet, G. J. 2009. Using MPAs to address regional-scale ecological objectives in the North Sea: modelling the effects of fishing effort displacement. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 90–100. The use of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to address regional-scale objectives as part of an ecosystem approach to management in the North Sea is examined. Ensuring that displacement of fishing activity does not negate the ecological benefits gained from MPAs is a major concern. Two scenarios are considered: using MPAs to safeguard important areas for groundfish species diversity and using them to reduce fishing impacts on benthic invertebrates. Appropriate MPAs were identified using benthic invertebrate and fish abundance data. Fishing effort redistribution was modelled using international landings and fishing effort data. Closing 7.7% of the North Sea to protect groundfish species diversity increased the fishing impact on benthic invertebrates. Closing 7.3% of the North Sea specifically to protect benthic invertebrates reduced fishing mortality by just 1.7–3.8%, but when combined with appropriate reductions in total allowable catch (TAC), 16.2–17.4% reductions in fishing mortality were achieved. MPAs on their own are unlikely to achieve significant regional-scale ecosystem benefits, because local gains are largely negated by fishing effort displacement into the remainder of the North Sea. However, in combination with appropriate TAC reductions, the effectiveness of MPAs may be enhanced.
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Hoffman, Joel C., John R. Kelly, Anett S. Trebitz, Greg S. Peterson, and Corlis W. West. "Effort and potential efficiencies for aquatic non-native species early detection." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 12 (December 2011): 2064–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-117.
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Our objective was to determine the effort required for high-probability early detection of non-native zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and fish using Duluth–Superior Harbor — a Great Lakes port under intense non-native species introduction pressure — as a case study. Initially, we allocated samples using a spatially balanced random design. We then resampled the harbor, but allocated samples to a few targeted areas. We detected 21 non-native invertebrate and 10 non-native fish species; however, many rare zooplankton and benthic invertebrates were likely missed. The two designs did not have significantly different species accumulation curves, but the targeted area design samples had higher species richness and detected non-native species with a significantly higher probability. It was possible to reduce the effort required to detect established non-native species. In contrast, the effort required to detect an ultra-rare, newly arrived species remained large. Based on statistical estimation theory, the effort required to detect 95% or more of species present could exceed enumerating 750 zooplankton samples (~500 000 individuals, ~90 species), 150 benthic invertebrate samples (~100 000 individuals, ~250 species), and 100 fish samples (~75 000 individuals, ~40 species).
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Negus, Peter M., Jonathan C. Marshall, Alisha L. Steward, Glenn B. Mcgregor, and Ruth A. O'Connor. "Aquatic biota in hot water: thermal gradients in rheocrene hot spring discharges as analogues for the effects of climate warming." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 421 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020042.
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Hot springs are characterised by water temperatures above 36.7 °C. Temperature decreases with distance in flow away from spring vents; this natural gradient provides a unique opportunity to investigate the influence of water temperature on aquatic biota. This study investigated the relationship between water temperature and the aquatic invertebrates and benthic diatoms in outflows from a hot spring complex in tropical north Queensland, Australia. Water temperature ranged from 62.7 °C at the vents to 26.0 °C at the location furthest downstream. Richness of benthic diatoms and aquatic invertebrates increased linearly in response to decreasing temperature, with no species present in the hot vents. Multivariate analysis showed that both community assemblages had a response to the temperature gradient. A drop in aquatic invertebrate richness and a change in assemblage composition occurred between 40 °C and 42 °C, indicating a threshold at this temperature. The nearby Einasleigh River has experienced several contemporary peaks in water temperature over 40 °C, which corresponds to this threshold level. The relationships indicate that consistent increases in water temperature expected under climate change could decrease biological richness and precipitate changes in the aquatic invertebrate and benthic diatom taxa of tropical aquatic ecosystems.
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Rodriguez, SR, FP Ojeda, and NC Inestrosa. "Settlement of benthic marine invertebrates." Marine Ecology Progress Series 97 (1993): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps097193.
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SEO, In Soon, Ye EUN, and Kyung Hee OH. "Benthic Invertebrates from Sorae Coast." Korean Journal of Nature Conservation 2, no. 3_4 (December 2004): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30960/kjnc.2004.2.3_4.89.
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SEO, In-Soon, Ye EUN, and Kyung Hee OH. "Benthic Invertebrates from Uido Island." Korean Journal of Nature Conservation 3, no. 4 (December 2005): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30960/kjnc.2005.3.4.357.
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Hatcher, A. "RQ of benthic marine invertebrates." Marine Biology 102, no. 4 (1989): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00438345.
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Boulton, AJ. "Stream ecology and surface-hyporheic hydrologic exchange: Implications, techniques and limitations." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 4 (1993): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930553.
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In many streams with coarse substrata, there is continuous exchange between surface water and interstitial (hyporheic) water. Upwelling hyporheic water usually contains less dissolved oxygen and may provide nutrients that are limiting in the surface water. Downwelling stream water carries oxygen, surface detritus and other material to the hyporheic zone where microbes and invertebrates reside. The magnitude and direction of this hydrologic exchange can be measured using relatively simple techniques (such as dye injections and mini-piezometers) although there are some important limitations to consider. As hydrologic exchange has been shown to affect the distribution of benthic algae and invertebrates in some streams, this variable has implications for a variety of lotic studies including those of drift, leaf breakdown, benthic invertebrate colonization, sedimentation, and nutrient limitation. Experiments in flumes and artificial stream channels usually remove the influence of hydrologic exchange although it would be possible to incorporate this into their design. Stream ecologists should consider assessing the significance of the hyporheic zone to surface processes by quantifying the vectors of hydrologic exchange to ascertain how these may affect results of work conducted on the benthos at a variety of scales.
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Umar, D. M., J. S. Harding, and H. M. Chapman. "Response of benthic invertebrate communities to a land use gradient in tropical highland streams in Nigeria." Tropical Freshwater Biology 26, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tfb.v26i1.5.
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Benthic invertebrate communities have been shown to respond to habitat degradation as a result of land use changes. Although these changes have been well documented in temperate regions, their effects in the tropics have been poorly documented particularly where land use activities differ markedly (e.g., tea, maize and plantations). A survey 55 1st and 2nd order highland tropical streams, across four land use categories, ranging from continuous tropical montane rain forest to intensive crops and pasture. Streams were sampled in the tropical dry season (October–March) for physico-chemical parameters and components of the biological community, (i.e., fine particulate organic matter [FPOM], coarse particulate organic matter [CPOM], algae and benthic invertebrates). Catchment riparian conditions and human water use activities were used to generate a multivariate land use intensity gradient score. Temperatures in pasture streams were warmer than forest streams (up to 25oC) and dissolved oxygen levels frequently low (15–79%). However, physico-chemical conditions did not show any clear patterns across land uses categories. In contrast, benthic invertebrate communities showed strong response with the highest taxonomic diversity in continuous forest streams (mean 20 taxa) and the lowest in streams with intensive crops (e.g., cabbage crops, mean 8 taxa). Marked changes were found in invertebrate communities with several taxa occurring primarily in forested streams (e.g., the mayflies Heptageniidae and Oligoneuriidae and brachyuran crabs). Tropical land use farming (e.g., tea, maize, cabbage) have significant impacts on the benthic invertebrate assemblages of highland streams in Nigeria. However, not all crop and plantation streams had highly impacted communities because some have wider riparian buffer zones. This study further highlight the importance of conservation and management of montane forest fragments in these regionsKeywords: Tropical, Nigeria, highland, benthic invertebrates, land use, degradation
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Ahlgren, Molly O. "Diet Selection and the Contribution of Detritus to the Diet of the Juvenile White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-004.
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The ash-free dry mass (AFDM) of detritus, invertebrates, and algae in the diet of juvenile white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) was determined by quantitative microscopy. Fish were collected from a northern Michigan pond from January through October 1986 and their seasonal diet was compared with benthc invertebrate abundance. The quantity of detritus in sucker foreguts was inversely related to benthic microcrustacean densities. In July, microcrustacean densities were high and they comprised 95% of the AFDM in foregut contents. By October, microcrustacean densities had declined to 13% of their maximum density and detritus comprised over 90% of the sucker's diet AFDM. In laboratory aquaria, sucker that were fed detritus mixed with four different densities of Artemia ingested significantly more detritus from diets that provided lower Artemia densities. In the presence of high Artemia densities, sucker completely rejected detritus and ingested only Artemia, The fact that juvenile sucker can separate detritus from invertebrates that they swallow demonstrates that detritus is not ingested incidentally. Both laboratory and field data support the hypothesis that detritus is ingested intentionally when preferred invertebrate prey are scarce.
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Andrews, Daniel, and Frank H. Rigler. "The effects of an Arctic winter on benthic invertebrates in the littoral zone of Char Lake, Northwest Territories." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 2825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-422.
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A method was devised for sampling the frozen benthos in the littoral zone of Char Lake, Northwest Territories, a polar lake that was studied during the International Biological Program. Temperature probes indicated that during the winter benthic invertebrates in sediments at 0.5 and 1.75 m were exposed to temperatures as low as −18 and −8 °C, respectively. Mortality in animals that had overwintered in the frozen samples ranged from 13 to 84% (mean 46%) and was attributed mostly to sample processing. With the possible exception of chironomids, no conclusive evidence was found that benthic invertebrates avoid freezing by emigrating to deeper portions of the lake. Exposure to subzero temperatures for 8 months or more increased the synchrony in development of the population of the harpacticoid Attheyella nordenskioldii and shifted its peak reproductive period by about 4 months. These changes implied increases in the population's gross production, growth efficiency, and ecological efficiency. The exposure of shallow-dwelling benthic invertebrates to subzero temperatures is a widespread phenomenon, the effects of which on life cycles and population energetics are poorly known.
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Harvey, Bret C. "Benthic assemblages in Utah headwater streams with and without trout." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-117.
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In a series of high-gradient streams along the Wasatch Front in northern Utah, perlid stoneflies were more abundant in benthic samples from 14 fishless streams than in 9 similar streams which contained trout. Smaller-bodied perlodid stoneflies were more abundant in samples from streams containing trout. Herbivorous insect abundances varied substantially within groups of streams containing and lacking trout; multivariate analysis of variance using the six most abundant herbivorous taxa indicated no significant difference between the two groups of streams. Similarly, total numbers of invertebrates did not differ between streams with and without fish. Sites above and below the upstream limit of trout in three streams showed patterns in invertebrate abundances similar to that seen at the whole-stream scale. Trout may have no effect on the overall density of stream benthos because of their negative direct effects on invertebrate predators.
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Hall, Ronald J. "Relative Importance of Seasonal, Short-Term pH Disturbances During Discharge Variation on a Stream Ecosystem." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 2261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-251.
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Effects of short-term, experimental pH reduction on water chemistry and structure of benthic invertebrate communities were investigated in a south-central Ontario stream during spring and fall. With increased acidity, inorganic monomeric Al and Ca concentrations were significantly increased in stream water during spring and fall, whereas Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations did not change. Total Al and DOC concentrations in stream water showed no constant pattern. Benthic density and generic richness during spring decreased in mineral, but not organic sediments. Total drift density did not change, but mayflies increased in the drift. In contrast, in the fall, benthic density and generic richness fluctuations were not correlated with pH disturbance, whereas drift density increased significantly during elevated acidity. Diversity and evenness of benthic invertebrates did not change above or below pH disturbance in either season. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that discharge was the primary correlate of spring drift, whereas pH played a secondary role. In autumn, analyses demonstrated that Ca and DOC were predominant factors associated with increased drift but were related to hydrology. This study highlights the interrelationship between life history strategies of benthic invertebrates and the frequency and intensity of physical (discharge fluctuations) and chemical (pH depressions) disturbances.
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Emoyoma, Udi O., Aroloye O. Numbere, and Godfrey N. Woke. "Impact of Nypa Palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) and Mangroves Forest on Benthic Macro Invertebrate Community in Andoni River, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 77 (January 2020): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.51.
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It is postulated that the presence of nypa palm (Nypa palm) in mangrove forest affect the reproductive function of fish by inhibiting the growth of macro invertebrates. The impact of Nypa fruticans (Wurmb) and mangroves on the benthic macro invertebrate community of Andoni River was carried out between January and August, 2017. A total of four stations were chosen based on nypa palm and native mangrove species’ presence and absence, station 1 (Open water), Station 2 (Nypa palm dominance), station 3 (Rhizophora and Avicennia dominance), Station 4 (Mixed). Results of water quality parameters include; pH 6.99±0.16, Temperature 28.20±0.05°C, DO 4.71±0.18mg/L, Conductivity 19.52±0.20µm/s, Salinity 10.76±0.07ppt, TDS 13.45±0.27ppt. Mean values of the physico-chemical parameters (P > 0.05) were not significantly different. Twelve taxa of benthic macro-invertebrates in eleven families were collected. The crustaceans were more in diversity (38.46%), while bivalvia, pisces and oligochaete had the least percentage composition (7.69%). The gastropods were more in species dominance (44.69%), while the Oligochaeta were least in abundance (0.61%). Shannon Weiner’s index across the stations for benthos was highest in station 2 (1.840) and lowest in station 1 (1.103). Simpson’s index was highest in station 2 (1.990) and lowest in station 1 (1.938). Pielou’s index of evenness was highest in station 2 (0.767) and lowest in station 1 (0.616). All the macro-invertebrates recorded were clean water and pollution tolerant species, and showed no significant difference across stations (P>0.05). In conclusion this study indicates that nypa palm does not affect the proliferation of macro invertebrates, which supports fishery population along the food chain.
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Emoyoma, Udi O., Aroloye O. Numbere, and Godfrey N. Woke. "Impact of Nypa Palm (<i>Nypa fruticans </i>Wurmb<i>) </i>and Mangroves Forest on Benthic Macro Invertebrate Community in Andoni River, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 77 (January 10, 2020): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-0eqs18.
Full textAbstract:
It is postulated that the presence of nypa palm (Nypa palm) in mangrove forest affect the reproductive function of fish by inhibiting the growth of macro invertebrates. The impact of Nypa fruticans (Wurmb) and mangroves on the benthic macro invertebrate community of Andoni River was carried out between January and August, 2017. A total of four stations were chosen based on nypa palm and native mangrove species’ presence and absence, station 1 (Open water), Station 2 (Nypa palm dominance), station 3 (Rhizophora and Avicennia dominance), Station 4 (Mixed). Results of water quality parameters include; pH 6.99±0.16, Temperature 28.20±0.05°C, DO 4.71±0.18mg/L, Conductivity 19.52±0.20µm/s, Salinity 10.76±0.07ppt, TDS 13.45±0.27ppt. Mean values of the physico-chemical parameters (P > 0.05) were not significantly different. Twelve taxa of benthic macro-invertebrates in eleven families were collected. The crustaceans were more in diversity (38.46%), while bivalvia, pisces and oligochaete had the least percentage composition (7.69%). The gastropods were more in species dominance (44.69%), while the Oligochaeta were least in abundance (0.61%). Shannon Weiner’s index across the stations for benthos was highest in station 2 (1.840) and lowest in station 1 (1.103). Simpson’s index was highest in station 2 (1.990) and lowest in station 1 (1.938). Pielou’s index of evenness was highest in station 2 (0.767) and lowest in station 1 (0.616). All the macro-invertebrates recorded were clean water and pollution tolerant species, and showed no significant difference across stations (P>0.05). In conclusion this study indicates that nypa palm does not affect the proliferation of macro invertebrates, which supports fishery population along the food chain.
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Rader, Russell B. "A functional classification of the drift: traits that influence invertebrate availability to salmonids." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 1211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-025.
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Twelve categories/traits were used to classify and rank aquatic invertebrates based on their propensity to drift and importance as a food resource for salmonids. Invertebrate availability was based on their (i) propensity to intentionally drift, (ii) likelihood of being accidentally dislodged by the current, (iii) drift distance, (iv) adult drift, (v) benthic exposure, (vi) body size, and (vii) abundance. This study represents the first attempt to characterize the intentional drift propensity of stream invertebrates. A ranking procedure separated invertebrates into Baetis and three groups decreasing in availability. Predicted ranks were significantly correlated with the actual rank of invertebrates in trout guts taken in three separate studies conducted in the central Rocky Mountains, suggesting that this procedure can effectively rank invertebrates based on their availability as a food resource for salmonids. A cluster analysis separated the 95 taxa into four drift guilds and six availability groups. This study provides criteria for determining when alterations in invertebrate community composition will affect food resources for higher trophic levels by causing a decline in the most available taxa. This research also supports previous findings that floods are important in maintaining invertebrates that represent an important food resource for salmonids.
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Munari, Cristina. "Organism responses to habitat fragmentation in two shallow-water brackish environments: the Goro Lagoon (Adriatic Sea) and the Padrongiano Delta (Tyrrhenian Sea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 7 (July 29, 2008): 1309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001896.
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Habitat fragmentation from natural or human-mediated causes is a common phenomenon in terrestrial and aquatic environments. In this study, the effects of varying the size of habitat patches on the abundance of benthic invertebrates inhabiting date mussel (Musculista senhousia) patches was studied at two different transition environments, the Goro Lagoon (Adriatic Sea) and the Padrongiano Delta (Tyrrhenian Sea). Benthic fauna responded to habitat patchiness in a complex manner that varied according to habitat type, taxon and animal body size (small: 0.5–2.0 mm; large >2 mm). Small invertebrates were mostly polychaetes, nemertea, amphipods and isopods. Large invertebrates were mostly large polychaetes, bivalves, gastropods and crabs. Invertebrate population size and diversity seemed to be maximized in landscapes that include both small and large patches of mussel beds ‘embedded’ in a continuous matrix. Musculista senhousia patches served as a critical refuge and foraging habitat for many species. Patchy and continuous areas may promote the persistence of organisms with different life histories, especially in environments like those studied where mussel patches represent the only structural refuge available.
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Glova, GJ, and PM Sagar. "Feeding in a Nocturnally active fish, Galaxias brevipinnis, in a New Zealand stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9890231.
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To determine the diel feeding periodicity and diet of a lake-inlet population of Galaxias brevipinnis in New Zealand, samples of benthos, drift and fish were collected over a 24-h period in summer. Both numerically and gravimetrically, fish stomach contents revealed that feeding started some time after sunset, peaked towards midnight, and virtually ceased after sunrise. Benthic invertebrates were consumed almost exclusively, with ephemeropterans, trichopterans, and dipterans constituting 95% of the total foods eaten, a major proportion being chironomid larvae. Size of prey eaten compared with size of invertebrates in the benthos differed significantly during the night; this indicated that some size-selective feeding occurred. The benthic feeding habit of Galaxias brevipinnis appears to allow it to forage on relatively small prey during the night, a phenomenon that has been reported for other bottom-dwelling native fish species in New Zealand.
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Jackson, Donald A., and Harold H. Harvey. "Fish and Benthic Invertebrates: Community Concordance and Community–Environment Relationships." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 2641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-287.
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Fish and benthic invertebrates from 40 lakes in south-central Ontario showed significantly concordant patterns based on community structure. Fish communities were associated significantly with lake morphological characteristics, but were uncorrelated with water chemistry. Large, deep lakes differed from shallow lakes in their fish species, having richer faunas due to the additional cold-water species. Centrarchid species occurred more frequently in small, shallow lakes than in larger lakes. The invertebrate community was not correlated with lake morphology, but showed a significant association with water chemistry, principally lake pH. A strong contrast in the abundance of Chaoborus and Holopedium existed, but it was unclear whether this was due to a predator–prey relationship or to differences in acid tolerance. Although the lakes showed similar patterns in the composition of both communities, each community was associated with a different set of environmental factors. Biotic processes within and between communities explain this paradox in community–environment relationships. Such biotic interactions may involve direct processes such as fish predation on a particular invertebrate taxon or indirect factors, e.g., where fish limit the abundance of invertebrate predators, thereby limiting the impact of these invertebrate predators.
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Bradbury, Ian R., and Paul V. R. Snelgrove. "Contrasting larval transport in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates: the roles of behaviour and advective processes in determining spatial pattern." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-031.
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Many benthic invertebrates and demersal fish have planktonic larvae and must therefore balance dispersal to new habitat with the need to settle where survival and growth are possible. We review published studies to determine whether the discontinuity in the literature between these groups represents a real ecological difference. Specifically, we examine the roles of biological and physical processes and the scales at which these processes act in pattern formation in fish and invertebrates. For most of the physical mechanisms that influence larval transport at different scales, we find examples of fish and invertebrate studies that are important at each scale. A comparison of planktonic durations suggests that more invertebrate species have highly limited dispersal potential. Comparison of dispersal potential and geographic range suggests that planktonic duration may play a role in defining the geographic range of species in both cases. Fish larvae were generally faster swimmers than invertebrate larvae, suggesting that swimming may contribute to pattern formation at larger spatial scales. In contrast, the documented capacity to delay metamorphosis is more prevalent in invertebrates and may be related to the greater mobility of adult fish relative to invertebrates. Ultimately, similar processes operate in both groups, although sometimes at different scales.
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Basen, Timo, Rene Gergs, Karl-Otto Rothhaupt, and Dominik Martin-Creuzburg. "Phytoplankton food quality effects on gammarids: benthic–pelagic coupling mediated by an invasive freshwater clam." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 2 (February 2013): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0188.
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Benthic–pelagic coupling mediated by bivalves has been shown to increase the flow of energy towards the benthos. To assess the capability of clams to process and therewith modify the quality of pelagic food sources for subsequent use by benthic invertebrates, we conducted a growth experiment in which juvenile Gammarus roeselii were raised either directly on sedimented pelagic autotrophs (algae, cyanobacteria) or on the same autotrophs biodeposited by the invasive freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea either as feces or pseudofeces. We show that growth and survival of G. roeselii are significantly improved when autotrophs are offered as biodeposition material and suggest that this clam-mediated upgrading of food quality is due to both an increased bioavailability of pelagic food particles, which are packed in mucus during clam processing, and an increased dietary provisioning with essential lipids (sterols and (or) polyunsaturated fatty acids) originating from the clams. Hence, filter-feeding bivalves provide a crucial link between the pelagic and benthic food web not only by deflecting energy fluxes, but also by processing and upgrading pelagic food (increased bioavailability, improved biochemical composition) for benthic invertebrates.
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Curtean-Bănăduc, Angela. "Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Northern Tributaries of the “Iron Gates” Gorge (Danube River)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0039.
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Abstract The paper presents the structure of the benthonic macro-invertebrates communities in the Berzasca, Sirinia, Liubcova, and Mraconia rivers. The results are based on quantitative benthos samples (95 samples), collected in July 2014 from 19 sampling stations within the study area. In longitudinal profile, the benthonic macro-invertebrate communities of the Sirinia, Liubcova and Berzasca rivers displays relatively large structural variability, while the communities of the Mraconia River displays smaller structural variability. The structure of the benthonic macro-invertebrate communities correlated with the biotope characteristics indicates the good ecological status of the analysed rivers, with the exception of the Berzasca River sector downstream of the town of Berzasca and immediately upstream of the Danube junction, a sector with moderate ecological status due to negative effects from man-made modifications in the lotic biotope of the sector.
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Iyagbaye, Louis A., Rich O. Iyagbaye, and Michael O. Omoigberale. "Assessment of Benthic Macro-Invertebrates of Freshwater Ecosystem: A Case Study of Ovia River (Iguoriakhi), Edo State, Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 26 (September 30, 2017): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n26p405.
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In this study, the diversity and seasonal variation of benthic macro-invertebrates of Ovia River (Iguoriakhi), Edo State, Southern Nigerian, were studied between July, 2014 and February, 2015. Four stations were selected and sampled monthly and investigated for benthic macro-invertebrates’ community structure using basic statistical measurement of abundance and diversity indices to characterize the benthic macro invertebrates. The species richness, evenness and diversity of the benthic macro-invertebrates in the study area were high and typical of a tropical fast-flowing freshwater river. There was a total of 45 taxa, made up of 1,135 individuals; 10 Ephemeroptera, 10 Diptera, 7 Coleoptera, 7 Odonata, 4 Hemiptera, plasiopora, Haplotaixa, Decapoda, Hydrachnellae, Lepidoptera, Gastropoda, and Trichoptera were represented with a taxa each. The dominant taxa include Ephemeroptera, while the Diptera was the only sub-dominant order identified. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the overall density was significantly different (P<0.05) in the study stations. A posteriori Duncan Multiple Range (DMR) test indicated that the abundance of Dipterans and Ephemeropterans at station 2 and 4 respectively were the source of the significant difference. The EPT to total ratio indicated that the water quality of all the studied stations were non impacted. The study concluded that benthic macro-invertebrates are good candidate and less expensive indices for water quality monitoring.
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Gosselin, LA, and PY Qian. "Juvenile mortality in benthic marine invertebrates." Marine Ecology Progress Series 146 (1997): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps146265.
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KIM, Min Seop, Il Hun KIM, Sang Hui LEE, Byung-Jin LIM, and Gi-Sik MIN. "Marine Benthic Invertebrates in Seungbongdo Island." Korean Journal of Nature Conservation 6, no. 4 (December 2008): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30960/kjnc.2008.6.4.221.
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Mason, William T. "Sieve Sample Splitter for Benthic Invertebrates." Journal of Freshwater Ecology 6, no. 4 (December 1991): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1991.9665324.
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Davenport, Stephanie R., and Nicholas J. Bax. "A trophic study of a marine ecosystem off southeastern Australia using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 514–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-031.
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The stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were used to investigate trophic relationships of fish and invertebrates on the continental shelf of southeastern Australia. We examined 87 fish species, marine mammals, penguins, invertebrates, algal samples, suspended particulate organic matter (POM), and sediments. The main source of primary production is oceanic phytoplankton, although there is evidence of a seagrass contribution to the benthos. Marine mammals, penguins, some benthic invertebrates, and some benthic fish filled the highest trophic positions. Sources of variability in isotope results included temporal (POM, some fish) and spatial (POM, sediments) elements, bottom depth (some fish), and size (some fish). Fish had muscle δ15N values of 9.6 to 14.7 and δ13C values of 20.6 to 14.6. Cluster analysis on fish stable isotope results produced fish groups that could be interpreted with trophic and habitat information. Trophic relationships in fish, suggested by stable isotope results, were supported by stomach contents analysis. Stable isotope results may indicate more representative trophic relationships, as stomach contents analyses tend to group prey by taxon rather than by trophodynamic position. In fish and invertebrates, stable isotope results related more to functional patterns of feeding than to taxonomic relationships.
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Irvine, J. R. "Effects of Successive Flow Perturbations on Stream Invertebrates." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-238.
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Initial stream flow changes after a period of constant flow have a much larger effect on invertebrate drift than subsequent changes. Constant discharge was maintained in two man-made streams for several months, after which discharge was kept constant on one stream (control) while in the other (treatment) it was increased fivefold and then returned to its original state three times between 17:00 and 21:00 in 1 d. This treatment was repeated on four successive days each week for 3 wk. On the first day of treatment the density of invertebrate drift increased in the treatment stream during the changes in discharge, the increase being less with each successive change. By the final day of treatment, however, the changes in discharge did not cause increases in drift, and this result is attributed to depletion of the benthos by repeated fluctuations in discharge. Surber sample estimates of benthic invertebrate density declined following flow changes. Many of the invertebrates displaced by flow changes were probably resident in sloughed off filamentous algae. I conclude that it is necessary to know the flow history of a river before being able to predict effects of flow perturbations.
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Arthington, AH, HB Burton, RW Williams, and PM Outridge. "Ecology of humic and non-humic dune lakes, Fraser Island, with emphasis on the effects of sand infilling in Lake Wabby." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 6 (1986): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860743.
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Aspects of physicochemical limnology and the zooplankton, littoral invertebrates and fish of dune lakes on Fraser Island are described and compared. The comparisons highlight differences between perched, humic lakes and the non-humic Lake Wabby, a water-table window with some morphometric and biological features typical of dune barrage lakes. Lake Wabby has been partially infilled by a mobile sand dune moving mainly in a north-westerly direction across the northern end of the lake. The maximum rate of dune advance estimated from aerial photos was 5.03 m year-1, between 1948 and 1958. Sand infilling between 1975 and 1984 altered the morphometry and substrate characteristics of the lake's eastern region and reduced maximum depth from 13.0 to 11.5 m and volume by 43%. The number of benthic invertebrates was reduced from 14 taxa in 1975 to six taxa in 1984; there was also a significant decrease in abundance of benthic Chironomini during this period (ANOVA, P < 0.05). In both years, an undescribed species of Conochironomus was the most abundant benthic invertebrate in Lake Wabby (250-700 individuals m-2). A new genus of Chironomini (near Paralauter borniella) was discovered. Lake Wabby supported 11 species of fish in 1975 and 1984, but the perched lakes had only one or two species. The five most abundant species in Lake Wabby in 1975 showed evidence of partitioning of food resources, of which the main components were benthic invertebrates and filamentous algae. Allochthonous food resources were not important in fish diets. The possible long-term effects of sand infilling on food resources, fish diets and the composition of the zooplankton in Lake Wabby are discussed.
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Pierce, Clay L., Karen Ann Musgrove, Jean Ritterpusch, and Nancy E. Carl. "Littoral invertebrate abundance in bluegill spawning colonies and undisturbed areas of a small pond." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 2066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-316.
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Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) spawning activity creates benthic disturbances in the littoral zone of ponds and lakes. We assessed invertebrate densities and biomass in bluegill spawning colonies and nearby undisturbed areas before and after the onset of nest construction in a small pond. Juvenile fish abundance and prespawning sediment particle size distributions were also quantified. These data were used to evaluate whether bluegill spawning activity affects the abundance of benthic invertebrates. Densities and biomass of most macroinvertebrate taxa were similar before and just after nest construction. Insects tended to be more abundant in undisturbed areas 6 weeks after nest construction, while oligochaetes were more abundant in spawning areas. Total macroinvertebrate densities and biomass did not differ significantly on any sampling date. Micro-invertebrates (principally cladocerans and copepods) were much more abundant in undisturbed areas before spawning. Copepods and ostracods were more abundant in spawning areas after nest construction. Juvenile fish abundances were similar before spawning, but were significantly greater in undisturbed areas after spawning began. Macrophyte inhibition, reduced invertebrate colonization, differential predation pressure from juvenile fish, and other potential effects of spawning activity may account for some of these patterns.
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Zerlin, RA, and R. Henry. "Does water level affect benthic macro-invertebrates of a marginal lake in a tropical river-reservoir transition zone?" Brazilian Journal of Biology 74, no. 2 (May 2014): 408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.26812.
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Benthic macro-invertebrates are important components of freshwater ecosystems which are involved in ecological processes such as energy transfer between detritus and consumers and organic matter recycling. The aim of this work was to investigate the variation in organism richness, diversity and density of benthic fauna during the annual cycle in Camargo Lake, a lake marginal to Paranapanema River, southeast Brazil. The correlation of environmental factors with community attributes of the macro-benthic fauna was assessed. Since Camargo Lake is connected to the river, we tested the hypothesis that water level variation is the main regulating factor of environmental variables and of the composition and abundance of benthic macro-invertebrates. The results indicated that lake depth varied with rainfall, being the highest at the end of the rising water period and the lowest at the beginning of this period. The sediment granulometry was more heterogeneous at the bottom of the lake by the end of the high water period. The benthic macro-invertebrate fauna was composed by 15 taxa. The Diptera order was represented by seven taxa and had greater richness in relation to other taxa. This group was responsible for 60% of the total abundance of organisms, followed by Ephemeroptera (22%) and Anellida (16%). Significant differences were observed over time in total richness and, in density of Narapa bonettoi, Chaoborus, Ablabesmyia gr. annulata, Chironomus gigas, Larsia fittkau, and Procladius sp. 2. Total taxa richness correlated negatively with water pH, transparency, conductivity, and bottom water oxygen. Higher positive correlations were found between the densities of some taxa and bottom water oxygen, conductivity and very fine sand, silt + clay of sediment, while negative correlations were recorded with organic matter, and fine, medium and coarse sand, bottom water temperature, mean temperature and rainfall. The significant temporal difference in water level was associated with changes in abiotic factors and macro-invertebrate community attributes.
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Lo Giudice, Angelina, and Carmen Rizzo. "Bacteria Associated with Marine Benthic Invertebrates from Polar Environments: Unexplored Frontiers for Biodiscovery?" Diversity 10, no. 3 (August 2, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10030080.
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The ecological function of bacteria-invertebrate interactions in Polar areas remains poorly understood, despite increasing evidence that microbial metabolites may play pivotal roles in host-associated chemical defense and in shaping the symbiotic community structure. The metabolic and physiological changes that these organisms undergo in response to adapting to extreme conditions result in the production of structurally and functionally novel biologically active molecules. Deepening our knowledge on the interactions between bacteria and their invertebrate host would be highly helpful in providing the rationale for why (e.g., competition or cooperative purpose) and which (whether secondary metabolites, enzymes, or proteins) bioactive compounds are produced. To date, cold-adapted bacteria associated with marine invertebrates from the Arctic and Antarctica have not been given the attention they deserve and the versatility of their natural products remains virtually unexplored, even if they could represent a new attractive frontier in the search for novel natural compounds. This review is aimed at showcasing the diversity of cold-adapted bacteria associated with benthic invertebrates from Polar marine areas, highlighting the yet unexplored treasure they represent for biodiscovery.
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Bond, M. J., D. Rowan, R. Silke, and J. Carr. "Drivers of Abundance and Community Composition of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Ottawa River Sediment near Chalk River Laboratories." AECL Nuclear Review 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/anr.2013.00017.
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The Ottawa River has received effluent from Chalk River Laboratories (CRL) for more than 60 years. Some radionuclides and contaminants released in effluents are bound rapidly to particles and deposited in bottom sediments where they may be biologically available to benthic invertebrates and other aquatic biota. As part of a larger ecological assessment, we assess the potential impact of contaminated sediments in the vicinity of CRL on local benthic community structure. Using bivariate and multivariate approaches, we demonstrate that CRL operations have had little impact on the local benthic community. Despite elevated anthropogenic radionuclide activity concentrations in sediment near CRL’s process outfall, the benthic community is no less abundant or diverse than what is observed upstream at background levels. The Ottawa River benthic invertebrate community is structured predominantly by natural physical and biological conditions in the sediment, specifically sediment water content and organic content. These natural habitat conditions have a stronger influence on macroinvertebrate communities than sediment contamination.
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Reichert, Katharina, Friedrich Buchholz, Inka Bartsch, Thomas Kersten, and Luis Giménez. "Scale-dependent patterns of variability in species assemblages of the rocky intertidal at Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 7 (July 22, 2008): 1319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001926.
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A growing body of literature shows that benthic communities are hierarchically structured on spatial and temporal scales. In two study locations at Helgoland (North Sea), the northern and the western locations, we: (1) investigated the variation in abundance of specific algae and invertebrates at two spatial scales; and (2) evaluated the relationship between elevation and specific species at these scales. We were also interested in using this information about the spatial pattern of individual algae and invertebrates as well as the patterns of elevation to help develop a monitoring programme of the rocky intertidal. We examined the variation of individual algae and invertebrates by means of a hierarchical nested design. Data were taken from five replicates per plot, with plots located in transects (two transects per location).At the northern location, the highest variability in cover of most algae and invertebrates occurred at the scale separated by about 50 m (scale: transect). This was a direct result of differences between the high- and the low-shore. Most species at high-shore showed a relatively low frequency of occurrence in contrast to a highest frequency of occurence (~100%) and maximal values of cover at low-shore. However, neither a linear nor a non-linear relationship between elevation and the specific species occurred. At the western location, the highest variability in most macroalgae and invertebrates investigated was among replicates (10s of centimetres apart). No relationship between elevation and individual species occurred at this location. Macroalgae at both locations were more consistent over time than invertebrate species. Our results suggest that the relevant processes shaping the individual macroalgae and invertebrates at the Helgoland rocky intertidal vary between locations and the specific species.The potential causes of variation in macroalgal and invertebrate species at different spatial scales are discussed and suggestions for a future monitoring programme are given. Temporal inconsistency in the spatial patterns, and the fact that some individual algae and invertebrates comprising the benthic assemblages vary at different scales, speak in favour of a multiple-scale sampling approach for monitoring change in the intertidal communities at Helgoland.
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Dohet, Alain, Henry-Michel Cauchie, Luc Ector, and Lucien Hoffmann. "Identification of benthic invertebrate and diatom indicator taxa that distinguish different stream types as well as degraded from reference conditions in Luxembourg." Animal Biology 58, no. 4 (2008): 419–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075608x383719.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe main objective of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is to achieve good ecological status for surface waters in Europe by 2015. The ecological status has to be defined based on near-natural reference conditions. Benthic invertebrates and diatoms are among the key biological elements recommended by the Directive to assess ecological quality of water bodies. The purpose of this study is to identify species associations of these biological elements that are characteristic of the different stream types occurring in Luxembourg and that distinguish degraded from reference conditions. In general, the results reveal that diatoms and invertebrates can be considered as complementary indicators with more diatom species being characteristic of small size stream types and more benthic invertebrate species being associated with larger stream types. Among invertebrates, Trichoptera, Hydrachnidia, Ephemeroptera and Diptera show high affinities for most stream types. Plecoptera, Oligochaeta appear as useful indicators for some particular types. If only reference sites are selected (all river types considered), the number of indicator species drops from 55 to 24 for diatoms and from 81 to 48 for benthic invertebrates. Moreover, for the larger stream type, no reference site was found at all. This trend is likely to be a consequence of the multiple anthropogenic pressures that have affected large parts of European lowland rivers for decades. Our results suggest that Trichoptera, Hydrachnidia, Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Oligochaeta could be considered as best candidate groups for a tiered-taxonomic resolution approach where only taxa which have narrow and specific ecological requirements would be identified to finer levels. In Central Europe, however, since taxonomic soundness and easy recognition are required, only Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera are the groups to be recommended at the present time.
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Leggett, M. F., M. R. Servos, R. Hesslein, O. Johannsson, E. S. Millard, and D. G. Dixon. "Biogeochemical influences on the carbon isotope signatures of Lake Ontario biota." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 2211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-151.
Full textAbstract:
Particulate organic matter (POM), zooplankton, and benthic invertebrates were sampled seasonally at a midlake and east basin site in Lake Ontario. The δ13C values of POM samples were compared with measurements of chlorophyll a concentrations, areal rates of primary productivity, concentrations of dissolved free CO2 (CO2(aq)), and the δ13C of zooplankton and benthic invertebrates. The δ13C of POM was significantly correlated with the concentration of CO2(aq) at the east basin site. No correlation was found between chlorophyll a concentrations, areal rates of primary productivity, and the δ13C of POM. The δ13C of zooplankton was not always similar to the δ13C of the POM fraction collected, indicative of the complexity of food web interactions within the lower trophic levels. The δ13C of benthic invertebrates feeding on the sediment surface was similar to that of POM produced prior to stratification, indicating the importance of the spring bloom as a food source for benthic primary consumers.
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Miller, P. A., K. R. Munkittrick, and D. G. Dixon. "Relationship between Concentrations of Copper and Zinc in Water, Sediment, Benthic Invertebrates, and Tissues of White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) at Metal-Contaminated Sites." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 978–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-109.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship of concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) tissues to concentrations of those metals in water, sediment, and benthic invertebrates (food) were investigated in a field study. Fish were collected from six northern Ontario lakes contaminated with mixed-metal mining wastes. The concentrations of Cu in invertebrates were correlated with water but not with sediment Cu concentrations. Conversely, Zn concentrations in invertebrates were correlated with sediment but not with water Zn concentrations. There were differences among fish from different lakes in the concentrations of Cu and Zn in liver, kidney, gill, and bone (Zn only). There were no significant correlations between tissue metal and invertebrate metal concentrations. This study suggests that liver and kidney are better indicators of chronic Cu and Zn exposure than muscle. Elevated Zn concentrations were reflected in bone tissue. For both metals, the water concentration was a better predictor of fish tissue contamination than the concentrations in either sediment or invertebrates.
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Nakano, Shigeru, Kurt D. Fausch, Itsuro Koizumi, Yoichiro Kanno, Yoshinori Taniguchi, Satoshi Kitano, and Yo Miyake. "Evaluating a pattern of ecological character displacement: charr jaw morphology and diet diverge in sympatry versus allopatry across catchments in Hokkaido, Japan." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 356–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz183.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Similar species that overlap in sympatry may diverge in characters related to resource use as a result of evolution or phenotypic plasticity. Dolly Varden charr (Salvelinus malma) and whitespotted charr (S. leucomaenis) overlap along streams in Hokkaido, Japan, and compete by interference for invertebrate drift-foraging positions. Previous research has shown that as drift declines during summer, Dolly Varden shift foraging modes to capture benthic prey, a behaviour facilitated by their subterminal jaw morphology. We compare body and jaw morphology of Dolly Varden in sympatry vs. allopatry in two locations to test for character displacement. Statistical analysis showed significant divergence in characters related to foraging, which was correlated with variation in individual charr diets. Dolly Varden in sympatry had shorter heads and lower jaws than in allopatry, and even within sites charr with these characteristics fed less on drifting terrestrial invertebrates but more on benthic aquatic invertebrates. Those in allopatry had longer heads and lower jaws, and fed more on terrestrial invertebrates. The close proximity of sites in one stream suggests that Dolly Varden may display phenotypic plasticity similar to other charr, allowing rapid responses in morphology to the presence of competitors. These morphological shifts probably help them maintain positive fitness when competing with whitespotted charr in Hokkaido streams.