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Journal articles on the topic 'Bent Core Mesogens'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Revignas, Davide, and Alberta Ferrarini. "From Bend to Splay Dominated Elasticity in Nematics." Crystals 11, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070831.

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In the past decade, much evidence has been provided for an unusually low cost for bend deformations in the nematic phase of bent-core mesogens and bimesogens (liquid crystal dimers) having a bent shape on average. Recently, an analogous effect was observed for the splay mode of bent-core mesogens with an acute apical angle. Here, we present a systematic computational investigation of the Frank elastic constants of nematics made of V-shaped particles, with bend angles ranging from acute to obtuse. We show that by tuning this angle, the elastic behavior switches from bend dominated (K33>K11) to splay dominated (K11>K33), with anomalously low values of the splay and the bend constant, respectively. This is related to a change in the shape polarity of particles, which is associated with the emergence of polar order, longitudinal for splay and transversal for bend deformations. Crucial to this study is the use of a recently developed microscopic elastic theory, able to account for the interplay of mesogen morphology and director deformations.

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2

Achten, Remko, Evelien A. W. Smits, R. Amaranatha Reddy, Marcel Giesbers, Antonius T. M. Marcelis, and Ernst J. R. Sudhölter. "Monofluorinated unsymmetrical bent‐core mesogens." Liquid Crystals 33, no. 1 (January 2006): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290500393131.

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3

Geese, Karina, Marko Prehm, and Carsten Tschierske. "Bent-core mesogens with thiophene units." Journal of Materials Chemistry 20, no. 43 (2010): 9658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0jm01919d.

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4

Weissflog, Wolfgang, and Ute Baumeister. "Laterally aryl-substituted bent-core mesogens." Liquid Crystals 40, no. 7 (July 2013): 959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2013.786797.

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5

Keith, Christina, Anne Lehmann, Ute Baumeister, Marko Prehm, and Carsten Tschierske. "Nematic phases of bent-core mesogens." Soft Matter 6, no. 8 (2010): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b923262a.

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6

VITA, FRANCESCO, IMMACOLATA F. PLACENTINO, and ORIANO FRANCESCANGELI. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NEMATOGENIC BENT-CORE MESOGENS: AN X-RAY DIFFRACTION PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 20, no. 04 (December 2011): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863511006285.

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Bent-core mesogens are attracting great attention because of their potentially biaxial and polar nematic phase. In this paper, we review the results of our recent X-ray diffraction studies on the nematic phase of oxadiazole-based mesogens. The evolution of the small-angle diffraction signal with temperature points to the existence of nano-sized cybotactic clusters, characterized by short-range smectic-like fluctuations. However, in contrast to classical cybotaxis of calamitic nematics, these fluctuations do not have a pretransitional nature. They explain most of the extraordinary properties of bent-core mesogens and, in particular, are responsible for the unique ferroelectric response exhibited by one of our compounds.

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7

Nguyen, Khanh Thuy, Anna Battisti, Daniele Ancora, Francesco Sciortino, and Cristiano De Michele. "Self-assembly of mesogenic bent-core DNA nanoduplexes." Soft Matter 11, no. 15 (2015): 2934–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01571a.

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8

Findeisen-Tandel, S., M. W. Schröder, G. Pelzl, U. Baumeister, W. Weissflog, S. Stern, A. Nemes, R. Stannarius, and A. Eremin. "Multistage polar switching in bent-core mesogens." European Physical Journal E 25, no. 4 (April 2008): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2007-10306-1.

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9

Findeisen-Tandel, Sonja, Ute Baumeister, Maria-Gabriela Tamba, and Wolfgang Weissflog. "Bent-core Mesogens Containing Amide Linking Groups." Ferroelectrics 468, no. 1 (July 30, 2014): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2014.933611.

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10

Ciastek, Sylwia, Marcin Jasiński, and Piotr Kaszyński. "3-Substituted 6-oxoverdazyl bent-core nematic radicals: synthesis and characterization." RSC Advances 5, no. 42 (2015): 33328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04119h.

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11

Findeisen-Tandel, Sonja, Wolfgang Weissflog, Ute Baumeister, Gerhard Pelzl, H. N. Shreenivasa Murthy, and Channabasaveshwar V. Yelamaggad. "Laterally substituted symmetric and nonsymmetric salicylideneimine-based bent-core mesogens." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (January 24, 2012): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.15.

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Bent-core mesogens have gained considerable importance due to their ability to form new mesophases with unusual properties. Relationships between the chemical structure of bent-core molecules and the type and physical properties of the formed mesophases are relatively unknown in detail and differ strongly from those known for calamitic liquid crystals. In this paper symmetric and nonsymmetric five-ring salicylideneaniline-based bent-core mesogens are presented, and the effect of lateral substituents attached at the outer phenyl rings (F, Cl, Br) or the central phenyl ring (CH3) on the liquid-crystalline behaviour and on the physical properties is studied. Corresponding benzylideneaniline-based compounds were additionally prepared in order to study the influence of the intramolecular hydrogen bond. The occurring mesophases were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarising microscopy, X-ray diffraction and dielectric and electro-optical measurements. The paper reports on new findings with respect to the structure–property relationships of bent-core mesogens. On one hand, the disruptive effect of laterally substituted halogen atoms, F, Cl and Br, on the mesophase behaviour of three isomeric series was much lower than expected. On the other hand, an increase of the clearing temperature by 34 K was observed, caused by small lateral substituents. The electro-optical behaviour, especially the type of polar switching and corresponding molecular movements, is sensitive to variations in the molecular structure.

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12

N., Ahipa T., and Airody Vasudeva Adhikari. "2-Methoxypyridine derivatives: synthesis, liquid crystalline and photo-physical properties." New J. Chem. 38, no. 10 (2014): 5018–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj00911h.

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13

Boyd, Nicola Jane, and Mark R. Wilson. "Validating an optimized GAFF force field for liquid crystals: TNI predictions for bent-core mesogens and the first atomistic predictions of a dark conglomerate phase." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 3 (2018): 1485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07496d.

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14

Kesava Reddy, M., E. Varathan, B. Jacintha, Nitin P. Lobo, Arun Roy, T. Narasimhaswamy, and K. V. Ramanathan. "Structural investigation of resorcinol based symmetrical banana mesogens by XRD, NMR and polarization measurements." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 7 (2015): 5236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp05844e.

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The structural characterization of two bent-core mesogens DBPPD and DBPPDO which differ in terminal chains reveals B₂ and B₇ mesophases while the orientational order parameter for DBPPD is found to be 0.84 with a bent angle of 120.5°.

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15

Trišović, Nemanja, Jelena Antanasijević, Jelena Rogan, Dejan Poleti, Tibor Tóth-Katona, Miroslaw Salamonczyk, Antal Jákli, and Katalin Fodor-Csorba. "Investigation of supramolecular architectures of bent-shaped pyridine derivatives: from a three-ring crystalline compound towards five-ring mesogens." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 8 (2016): 6977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj01515h.

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16

Alaasar, Mohamed, Marko Prehm, and Carsten Tschierske. "Mirror symmetry breaking in fluorinated bent-core mesogens." RSC Advances 6, no. 86 (2016): 82890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18482k.

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17

Mahajan, Renu, Himani Nandedkar, Alpesh Vora, and K. K. Raina. "New mesogens with a fluoro-substituted bent core." Liquid Crystals 31, no. 2 (February 2004): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290310001599215.

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18

Pelz, K., W. Weissflog, U. Baumeister, and S. Diele. "Various columnar phases formed by bent-core mesogens." Liquid Crystals 30, no. 10 (October 2003): 1151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290310001601987.

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19

Vakhovskaya, Z., W. Weissflog, R. Friedemann, and H. Kresse. "Comparative dielectric measurements on isomeric bent-core mesogens." Phase Transitions 80, no. 6-7 (June 2007): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411590701340102.

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20

Ahipa, T. N., Vijith Kumar, D. S. Shankar Rao, Subbarao Krishna Prasad, and Airody Vasudeva Adhikari. "New 4-(2-(4-alkoxyphenyl)-6-methoxypyridin-4-yl)benzonitriles: synthesis, liquid crystalline behavior and photo physical properties." CrystEngComm 16, no. 25 (2014): 5573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce00128a.

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A new series of luminescent 4-(2-(4-alkoxyphenyl)-6-methoxypyridin-4-yl)benzonitriles containing three ring systems, with bent-core structures was synthesized as potential mesogens and characterized by spectral techniques.

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21

Ciastek, Sylwia, Piotr Kaszyński, Damian Pociecha, and Marcin Jasiński. "Induction of smectic polymorphism in bent-core derivatives of the 6-oxoverdazyl by partial fluorination of alkyl chains." RSC Advances 6, no. 104 (2016): 102343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra21383a.

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22

Torgova, S., S. P. Sreenilayam, Yu P. Panarin, O. Francescangeli, F. Vita, J. K. Vij, E. Pozhidaev, M. Minchenko, C. Ferrero, and A. Strigazzi. "Short bent-core molecules: X-ray, polarization, dielectricity, texture and electro-optics investigations." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, no. 34 (2017): 22946–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp03561f.

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Short bent-core LC mesogens (II) were synthesized and investigated. The existence of polar cybotactic clusters in nematic phase is confirmed and the biaxiality is indicated. It was found the presence only of flexoelectric polarization.

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23

Cheng, Huifang, Ya-xin Li, Xiang-bing Zeng, Hongfei Gao, Xiaohong Cheng, and Goran Ungar. "Trigonal columnar self-assembly of bent phasmid mesogens." Chemical Communications 54, no. 2 (2018): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc06714c.

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24

Pantalone, Kevin, and Alexander J. Seed. "New bent core mesogens with exceptionally high clearing points." Liquid Crystals 29, no. 7 (July 2002): 945–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290210145139.

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25

Shreenivasa Murthy, H. N., and B. K. Sadashiva. "Fluorine-substituted unsymmetrical bent-core mesogens derived from resorcinol." Liquid Crystals 31, no. 10 (October 2004): 1337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290412331298120.

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26

Lesac, Andreja, H. Loc Nguyen, Sanja Narančić, Ute Baumeister, Siegmar Diele, and Duncan W. Bruce. "Bent‐core mesogens based on semi‐flexible dicyclohexylmethane spacers." Liquid Crystals 33, no. 2 (February 2006): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290500168111.

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27

Matraszek, Joanna, Katarzyna Grześkiewicz, Ewa Górecka, and Damian Pociecha. "Fluorescent bent-core mesogens with thiophene-based central unit." Liquid Crystals 47, no. 12 (February 26, 2020): 1803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2020.1729427.

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28

Scheres, Luc, Remko Achten, Marcel Giesbers, Louis C. P. M. de Smet, Ahmed Arafat, Ernst J. R. Sudhölter, Antonius T. M. Marcelis, and Han Zuilhof. "Covalent Attachment of Bent-Core Mesogens to Silicon Surfaces." Langmuir 25, no. 3 (February 3, 2009): 1529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la8032995.

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29

Gowda, Ashwathanarayana, Litwin Jacob, Nithin Joy, Reji Philip, Pratibha R, and Sandeep Kumar. "Thermal and nonlinear optical studies of newly synthesized EDOT based bent-core and hockey-stick like liquid crystals." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 3 (2018): 2047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj04807f.

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The synthesis and characterisation of novel bent-core and hockey-stick like liquid crystals from EDOT are reported. All the compounds exhibit an enantiotropic mesophase with a wide temperature range. These mesogens show good photophysical and nonlinear optical properties.

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30

Han, Chun-Chieh, Li-Han Yang, Putikam Raghunath, Ming-Chang Lin, Rohit Kumar, and Hong-Cheu Lin. "Lateral fluoro-substitution and chiral effects on supramolecular liquid crystals containing rod-like and H-bonded bent-core mesogens." RSC Advances 6, no. 112 (2016): 110482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19266a.

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We report the first series of liquid crystalline supramolecular diads containing asymmetric rod-like and H-bonded bent-core mesogens with a wide BPI range, where biaxial parameters and HTP values are the most important factors to stabilize the BPI.

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31

Li, Ya-xin, Huifang Cheng, Xiangbing Zeng, Yuan Tao, Xiaohong Cheng, and Goran Ungar. "Tailoring liquid crystal honeycombs by head-group choice in bird-like bent-core mesogens." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 24 (2020): 8069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc01879a.

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32

Weissflog, Wolfgang, H. N. Shreenivasa Murthy, Siegmar Diele, and Gerhard Pelzl. "Relationships between molecular structure and physical properties in bent-core mesogens." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1847 (August 23, 2006): 2657–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1845.

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New five-ring bent-core mesogens that possess only ester connecting groups between the aromatic rings and different lateral substituents at the central phenyl ring are presented. The mesophases have been assigned by polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and electro-optical measurements. It is shown that the mesophase behaviour depends strongly on the position of the lateral substituents. Compounds, which are derived from 4-cyano-, 4-chloro- and 4,6-dichloro-resorcinol, show polymorphism variants where polar phases (SmAP, SmCP) occur together with nematic and conventional smectic phases, e.g. SmA–SmAP, SmA–SmC S P A –Col ob –SmC S P A , N–SmA–SmCP A , SmA–SmC–SmCP A and SmC–SmCP A . On the basis of the behaviour of two series of materials, the occurrence of different polar-switching mechanisms could be demonstrated. Apart from the usual mechanism by director rotation around the tilt cone, the polar switching can also take place through collective rotation of the molecules around their long axes, which corresponds to a field-induced switching of the layer chirality. A remarkable finding is the polar switching in the crystalline modification of long-chain, bent-core compounds with a methyl group in 2-position, which is accompanied by a clear change of the optical texture and by a relatively high switching polarization (approx. 600 nC cm −2 ). It was found for selected bent-core compounds that, above the transition temperature of a polar to a non-polar phase, the non-polar phase can be transformed to the polar phase by application of an electric field, which was proved for the transitions isotropic–SmCP F , SmA–SmCP F and isotropic–CrII polar.

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33

Achten, Remko, Arie Koudijs, Marcel Giesbers, Antonius T. M. Marcelis, and Ernst J. R. Sudhölter. "Non‐symmetric bent‐core mesogens with one terminal vinyl group." Liquid Crystals 32, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290500031756.

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34

Deb, Rahul, Atiqur Rahman Laskar, Dipika Debnath Sarkar, Golam Mohiuddin, Nirmalangshu Chakraborty, Sharmistha Ghosh, D. S. Shankar Rao, and Nandiraju V. S. Rao. "Fluorescent unsymmetrical four-ring bent-core mesogens: 2D modulated phases." CrystEngComm 15, no. 48 (2013): 10510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ce41360h.

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35

Choi, E.-Joon, Myeong-Hoon Kwon, Chang-Woo Ohk, and Wang-Cheol Zin. "Synthesis and properties of azomethine polymers with bent-core mesogens." Journal of Information Display 14, no. 4 (December 2013): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2013.861878.

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36

Lucchetti, L., F. Vita, E. Scharrer, O. Francescangeli, and F. Simoni. "Optical nonlinearity in the nematic phase of bent-core mesogens." Optics Letters 40, no. 13 (June 16, 2015): 2953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.40.002953.

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37

Kapuściński, Szymon, Anita Gardias, Damian Pociecha, Marcin Jasiński, Jacek Szczytko, and Piotr Kaszyński. "Magnetic behaviour of bent-core mesogens derived from the 1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 12 (2018): 3079–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc00487k.

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A series of bent-core mesogens 2[m,n] and 3[4,6][6,n] derived from the 1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl radical and containing two partially fluorinated alkyl tails and the non-fluorinated derivative 1[12] were prepared and investigated by optical, thermal, XRD and magnetic methods.

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38

Kovářová, Anna, Svatopluk Světlík, Václav Kozmík, Jiří Svoboda, Vladimíra Novotná, Damian Pociecha, Ewa Gorecka, and Natalia Podoliak. "Unusual polymorphism in new bent-shaped liquid crystals based on biphenyl as a central molecular core." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (April 7, 2014): 794–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.75.

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Bent-shaped mesogens possessing a biphenyl as a central core have been synthesized and the role of the terminal chain and the orientation of the ester as a linkage group have been investigated. For the studied molecular core we have established that both parameters play an important role for the mesomorphic properties. The polyfluoroalkyl terminal chain supports the formation of mesophases, and the introduction of a chiral lactate terminal chain destabilizes mesophases for the first type of mutual orientation of ester groups, attached to the central core. On the contrary, for the opposite orientation of esters, the terminal chain has no effect on the mesomorphic properties, and columnar phases have been found for all compounds. A unique phase sequence has been found for the mesogen with the fluorinated chain. A generalized tilted smectics, SmCG, have been observed in a temperature interval between two different lamellar SmCP phases and characterized by X-ray and dielectric measurements. The dielectric spectroscopy data are unique and presented for the first time in the SmCG phase providing new information about the molecular dynamics.

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39

Bajzíková, Kvetoslava, Jiří Svoboda, Vladimíra Novotná, Damian Pociecha, and Ewa Gorecka. "Bent-core mesogens with an aromatic unit at the terminal position." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 11 (2017): 4672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj03908a.

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40

Ocak, Hale, Belkız Bilgin-Eran, Dilek Güzeller, Marko Prehm, and Carsten Tschierske. "Twist grain boundary (TGB) states of chiral liquid crystalline bent-core mesogens." Chemical Communications 51, no. 35 (2015): 7512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01592h.

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41

Kovalenko, L., W. Weissflog, S. Grande, S. Diele, G. Pelzl, and I. Wirth. "Dimorphism SmA-B2 in bent-core mesogens with perfluorinated terminal chains." Liquid Crystals 27, no. 5 (May 2000): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026782900202552.

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42

Umadevi, S., and B. K. Sadashiva. "New five‐ring symmetrical bent‐core mesogens exhibiting the fascinating B7phase." Liquid Crystals 32, no. 10 (October 2005): 1233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290500345461.

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43

Choi, E.-Joon, Young-Ho Seo, Tahseen Kamal, Soo-Young Park, and Junji Watanabe. "Cybotactic nematic phase in main-chain polyesters with bent-core mesogens." Polymer 55, no. 8 (April 2014): 1931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.050.

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44

Dong, Ronald Y., J. Zhang, and K. Fodor-Csorba. "On the carbon-13 chemical shift tensors of bent-core mesogens." Chemical Physics Letters 417, no. 4-6 (January 2006): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2005.10.075.

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45

Chen, Xiaofang, Kishore K. Tenneti, Christopher Y. Li, Yaowen Bai, Xinhua Wan, Xinghe Fan, Qi-Feng Zhou, Lixia Rong, and Benjamin S. Hsiao. "Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Poly(meth)acrylates with Bent-Core Mesogens." Macromolecules 40, no. 4 (February 2007): 840–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma061949u.

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46

Sentman, Alan C., and Douglas L. Gin. "Polymerizable Bent-Core Mesogens: Switchable Precursors to Ordered, Polar Polymer Materials." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 42, no. 16 (April 25, 2003): 1815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200250680.

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47

Yelamaggad, C. V., I. Shashikala, D. S. Shankar Rao, and S. Krishna Prasad. "Bent-core V-shaped mesogens consisting of salicylaldimine mesogenic segments: synthesis and characterization of mesomorphic behaviour." Liquid Crystals 31, no. 7 (July 2004): 1027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290410001716015.

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48

MORALES-SAAVEDRA, OMAR G., JÁKLI ANTAL, HEPPKE GERD, and EICHLER HANS J. "POLAR ORDERING IN THERMOTROPIC MESOGENS RESOLVED BY SCANNING NLO MICROSCOPY." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15, no. 04 (December 2006): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863506003396.

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A nonlinear optical (NLO) microscope has been developed based on recording the second harmonic generation (SHG) signals of the B 2- and B 4-phases of bent-shaped liquid crystalline (LC) materials. We observed that the microstructures of the polar order can be accurately characterized by 2D scanned images implementing this device. Specifically, we have investigated two bent-core compounds, which have either B 4 or B 2 phases at room temperature and exhibit SHG activity. The NLO microscope was calibrated according to the Maker fringe method allowing the in situ evaluation of the relative SHG efficiency. The developed NLO-microscopy device may serve as an important tool to characterize liquid crystalline features at a microscopic scale for both, fundamental and applied research.

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49

Francescangeli, Oriano, Francesco Vita, and Edward T. Samulski. "The cybotactic nematic phase of bent-core mesogens: state of the art and future developments." Soft Matter 10, no. 39 (2014): 7685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01256a.

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50

Adamo, Fabrizio Corrado, Federica Ciuchi, Maria Penelope De Santo, Paola Astolfi, Isabelle Warner, Eric Scharrer, Michela Pisani, Francesco Vita, and Oriano Francescangeli. "Nanoscale Structure of Langmuir–Blodgett Film of Bent-Core Molecules." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132285.

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Bent-core mesogens (BCMs) are a class of thermotropic liquid crystals featuring several unconventional properties. However, the interpretation and technological exploitation of their unique behavior have been hampered by the difficulty of controlling their anchoring at surfaces. To tackle this issue, we report the nanoscale structural characterization of BCM films prepared using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Even though BCMs are quite different from typical amphiphilic molecules, we demonstrate that stable molecular films form over water, which can then be transferred onto silicon substrates. The combination of Brewster angle microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray reflectivity measurements shows that the molecules, once transferred onto a solid substrate, form a bilayer structure with a bottom layer of flat molecules and an upper layer of upright molecules. These results suggest that Langmuir–Blodgett films of BCMs can provide a useful means to control the alignment of this class of liquid crystals.

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