Academic literature on the topic 'Beneficial outcomes approach'
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Journal articles on the topic "Beneficial outcomes approach"
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yeung, Shirley M. C. "Do research supervisors generate beneficial learning outcomes for learners?" TQM Journal 29, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-08-2012-0064.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the learning outcomes of students and the importance of research supervisors in writing research. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire covering three dimensions: (A) skill set, (B) course arrangement, and (C) supervisor guidance was distributed to research students in Hong Kong and Chengdu, China, to examine their perceptions of a research module. Findings The regression results presented in this paper suggest that clear expectations of the course and the communication skills of supervisors or peers can explain around 20-30 percent of the change in the dependent variables of “awareness of using strategies to learn effectively,” “building self-confidence” and “quality of interaction.” With regard to the learning outcomes of students, the skills of using various resources, writing literature reviews and communication skills were perceived as being very important. For research supervisors, the quality of interaction, research experience and being approachable were all identified as being important. Practical implications The management of higher educational institutes could consider these findings when designing research curricula and selecting research supervisors so as to enhance learning outcomes. Originality/value The paper details learning outcomes from supervisors of writing research, which is important for the educational sector and the business world.
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Donaldson, Colin, Jorge Villagrasa, and Felipe Sánchez. "Learner profile mapping: Stimulating autonomous motivation in entrepreneurship education." Industry and Higher Education 35, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): 384–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09504222211012322.
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Entrepreneurship education represents a popular area of contemporary study. Nonetheless, topical interest is heavily biased towards final outcomes, such as entrepreneurial intentions or ending motives to become an entrepreneur. In this regard, further development is needed to unearth the pedagogical processes that allow these perceived beneficial outcomes to emerge. The aim of this paper is to approach a commonly studied outcome variable – student motivation – from a novel perspective. An attempt is made towards its reframing as a processual construct that energises and directs effective engagement in learning itself. Contributing to the sharing of innovative pedagogical best practice and the linking of outcomes to methods of teaching, a way through which students’ motivation can be ignited and sustained is exposed. Specifically, an original approach towards increasing student autonomy is put forward and critiqued.
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Banerjee, Jayant Kumar, Ramanathan Saranga Bharathi, and Pankaj Purushotam Rao. "Buttressing hepaticojejunostomy's with hepatic round ligament flap may be beneficial." Polish Journal of Surgery 89, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3901.
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Background: Bile leaks and anastomotic strictures are important complications of hepaticojejunostomy (HJ). Evidence suggests that the use of hepatic round ligament (HRL) to buttress HJ may be beneficial. This study evaluates the feasibility of this approach. Methods: HJs performed over 2 years (Jun 2014- May 2016), with HRL reinforcement, were analyzed. Operative outcomes measured included technical difficulty, blood loss, time necessary for flap harvest, and reinforcement of HJ. The postoperative outcomes measured were the presence of bile leak and anastomotic stricture. Results: Forty-one patients (27 M: 14 F), aged 2-79 years, median age of61 years, underwent HJ with HRL buttress; 27 for periampullary/ head of the pancreas carcinoma; 4 for choledochal cysts; 4 for chronic pancreatitis; 3 for gallbladder carcinoma; 3 for benign biliary stricture. The time for harvesting HRL flaps and buttressing HJ was <10 minutes. No blood was lost during harvesting the flaps. One patient (2.5 %) had grade A leak following radical cholecystectomy, and structures were not observed during a median follow-up of 18 months (6 months to 2years). Conclusion: HRL-based buttressing of HJ can reduce the bile leak and/or stricture rate.
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Ahmad, Hafsa, Abhishek Arya, Satish Agrawal, Sheeba Saji Samuel, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Guru Raghavendra Valicherla, Neelam Sangwan, et al. "Phospholipid complexation of NMITLI118RT+: way to a prudent therapeutic approach for beneficial outcomes in ischemic stroke in rats." Drug Delivery 23, no. 9 (August 12, 2016): 3606–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2016.1212950.
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Gerull, William D., Daniel Cho, Iris Kuo, Saeed Arefanian, Bradley S. Kushner, and Michael M. Awad. "Robotic Approach to Paraesophageal Hernia Repair Results in Low Long-Term Recurrence Rate and Beneficial Patient-Centered Outcomes." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 231, no. 5 (November 2020): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.07.754.
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Kahjoogh, Mina Ahmadi, Dorothy Kessler, Hamid Reza Khankeh, Nazila Akbarfahimi, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Fatemeh Sanei, and Naser Havaei. "Occupational performance coaching: goal barriers and beneficial facilitators." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 27, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2018.0092.
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Background/aims Occupational performance coaching is a family-centred approach that helps mothers who have children with occupational performance challenges. This study sought to identify the barriers and facilitators to goal achievement and engagement with occupational performance coaching based on the experiences of mothers of children with cerebral palsy who were receiving occupational performance coaching. Methods This qualitative study was embedded within a randomised control trial. Twelve mothers of children with cerebral palsy who had received occupational performance coaching were interviewed using a semi-structured interview technique. Their responses were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results The most important barriers to goal achievement and engagement with coaching were societal, family-related and mother-related factors. The facilitators were new resources, family cohesion, mother-related factors and child-related factors. Conclusions Different factors can affect the outcomes of occupational performance coaching based on the viewpoint of mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Occupational therapists should consider societal, family and individual factors when using this intervention with clients.
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Rast, Katrina A., Daniel J. Herman, Tony G. Rousmaniere, Jason L. Whipple, and Joshua K. Swift. "Perceived Impact on Client Outcomes." SAGE Open 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 215824401769872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017698729.
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Clinical supervision is considered to be an essential component of psychotherapy training. However, research on supervisors’ ability to affect client outcome has been mixed. This investigation aims to answer two questions: (a) What is the perceived impact of supervision on client outcome, and (b) how important is it to supervisors and supervisees that supervision affects client outcome? A mixed-methods approach was used to examine the perspectives of both supervisors and supervisees. The survey consisted of survey questions and one open-ended qualitative question. Findings suggest that both supervisors and supervisees perceive supervision as beneficial and important for impacting client outcome. Supervisees perceive supervision as more important in impacting outcome than supervisors. Existing literature suggests that supervision may not have as significant an impact on client outcome as previously believed; however, supervisors and supervisees perceive the supervision process as essential for psychotherapy training. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Michalakis, Konstantinos G. "Endocrine approach in the treatment of obesity: Is there any space for the adiponectin action?" Endocrine Regulations 54, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/enr-2020-0018.
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AbstractAdiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, exerting many positive effects in the human body. Its action has been widely studied, placing it into the metabolic health beneficial products of the adipose tissue. Nevertheless, adiponectin has been shown to exert some extra beneficial non metabolic actions, as well. Adiponectin levels can be related to reduced incidence of cancer in obese patients. Moreover, adiponectin has been shown to be implicated in the positive fertility outcomes of women. Some new studies have also indicated that adiponectin has a potential effect in the control of appetite, which raises a question, whether adiponectin could be accredited to be useful in the endocrine evaluation of obesity. Could these additional non-metabolic actions prove its helpfulness?
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Martone, Anna Maria, Emanuele Marzetti, Riccardo Calvani, Anna Picca, Matteo Tosato, Luca Santoro, Angela Di Giorgio, et al. "Exercise and Protein Intake: A Synergistic Approach against Sarcopenia." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2672435.
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Sarcopenia, the age-dependent loss of muscle mass and function/strength, is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for adverse outcomes in frail older people. As such, the skeletal muscle is a relevant target for interventions aimed at preventing or postponing the occurrence of negative health-related events in late life. The association among physical inactivity, insufficient intake of energy and protein, and poor muscle health in older adults suggests that physical exercise and targeted nutritional supplementation may offer substantial therapeutic gain against sarcopenia and its negative correlates. This view is supported by observational studies as well as by small-scale clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the available evidence on the beneficial effects of behavioral interventions on sarcopenia. We also briefly describe how the knowledge gathered so far has been used to design the “Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multicomponenT Treatment strategies” (SPRINTT) project. The randomized clinical trial conducted within SPRINTT will provide robust evidence on the effectiveness of exercise and nutrition at preventing negative outcomes associated with sarcopenia and physical frailty.
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Kowalska, Joanna, Radoslaw Grabowski, Justyna Pigonska, and Marcin Domzalski. "Management of an iatrogenic injury to the tibial nerve in a 24-year-old hurdle runner." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 8 (July 12, 2018): 3394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518776061.
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According to previously published papers, neurovascular injuries seem to be the most unfortunate complications after surgical procedures. In this report, we present our therapeutic approach to iatrogenic injury of the posterior tibial nerve that occurred during ankle arthroscopy in a 24-year-old patient. The outcome of the therapy was a full sensory return and partial motor return (S4 and M3 according to the Medical Research Council Grading System for Nerve Recovery). Our patient was able to resume her typical training. In comparison with available reports, our therapeutic approach enabled earlier functional recovery after nerve injury. While sensory return is beneficial, motor improvement is also important. However, we are conscious of the poor functional outcomes reported by other researchers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beneficial outcomes approach"
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Hansen, K. M. "Different places for different faces : optimising the beneficial outcomes of Christchurch parks." Diss., Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/99.
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Local authorities exist to promote the social, economic, environmental, and cultural wellbeing of communities. Parks provide a means of achieving this purpose. This study investigates community preferences for Christchurch parks using the Beneficial Outcomes Approach. Outcomes desired by the community are identified, together with the park settings required to achieve them. Different attitudes and preferences of three socio-economic areas are compared. Information was gathered from a household survey of 600 residents from three diverse socioeconomic areas of Christchurch selected by using the New Zealand Deprivation Index. Results show that the overwhelming majority of Christchurch residents regularly use Christchurch parks for a diverse range of activities. Parks fill many different roles associated with the activity, aesthetic and environmental values ascribed to parks by the Christchurch community. The Christchurch community perceives and wants a diverse range of personal, social/cultural, environmental, and economic benefits from parks. Differences were found between the three socio-economic areas in the way they valued and used parks. Respondents from the low socio-economic area were more inclined to use parks as a special place to visit for weekend outings and relaxation in contrast to respondents from the high socio-economic area who were more likely to use parks for daily exercise. Respondents from the medium socio-economic area had mixed use patterns. The study concludes that a city-wide network approach to park provision is required to cater for the diverse range of experiences, settings and activities preferred by the Christchurch community and to optimise the beneficial outcomes of Christchurch parks. The BOA provides a useful method of prioritising outcomes and guiding management actions to be more responsive to community needs.
Books on the topic "Beneficial outcomes approach"
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Dekker, Joost, Daniel Bossen, Jasmijn Holla, Mariëtte de Rooij, Cindy Veenhof, and Marike van der Leeden. Psychological strategies in osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0025.
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Characteristic clinical presentations of osteoarthritis (OA) include pain and activity limitations. These presentations are dependent on psychological processes. The literature reviewed in this chapter leads to the following conclusions: (1) symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue are more prevalent among patients with OA than among the general population. Recently, a depressive mood phenotype has been identified in knee OA. (2) Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue, as well as other psychological variables are established risk factors for future worsening of pain and activity limitations. (3) Psychological interventions such as depression care and pain coping skills training have been demonstrated to improve pain and activity limitations, as well as psychological outcomes. Self-management may have beneficial effects, although there is clearly room for improvement. Interventions combining psychological interventions with exercise therapy have been shown to be effective; improved outcome over exercise therapy alone stills needs to be demonstrated. (4) Psychological interventions are effective in improving exercise adherence and promoting physical activity. Overall, it can be concluded that the psychological approach towards OA is fruitful: the psychological approach has resulted in substantial contributions to the understanding and management of clinical presentations of OA, including pain and activity limitations.
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Rohsenow, Damaris J., and Megan M. Pinkston-Camp. Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.010.
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Cognitive-behavioral approaches to treatment are derived from learning principles underlying behavioral and/or cognitive therapy. Only evidence-based approaches are recommended for practice. Support for different approaches varies across substance use disorders. For alcohol use disorders, cognitive-behavioral coping skills training and cue-exposure treatment are beneficial when added to an integrated treatment program. For cocaine dependence, contingency management combined with coping skills training or community reinforcement, and coping skills training added to a full treatment program, produce increased abstinence. For marijuana abuse, contingency management or coping skills training improve outcomes. For opiate dependence, contingency management decreases use of other drugs while on methadone. For smoking, aversive conditioning produces good results and key elements of coping skills training are supported, best when medication is also used. Recent advances include Web-based coping skills training, virtual reality to present cues during cue exposure, and text-messaging to remind clients to use coping skills in the natural environment.
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Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, and Samuele Cortese. Cognitive training approaches for ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0038.
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Computer-based cognitive training, such as working memory training, is increasingly considered a therapeutic option for ADHD. In this chapter we first describe why such an option might be necessary to address limitations in existing treatment approaches and then go on to set out the clinical and scientific rationale for cognitive training for ADHD. We describe the various types of training approaches available and their implementation. This then leads to a review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials for the efficacy of cognitive training as a treatment for ADHD based on recent meta-analyses. We conclude that current evidence, especially considering blinded outcomes, does not support cognitive training as a front-line treatment for ADHD, although it may have beneficial effects by addressing co-occurring working memory deficits. We conclude with a discussion of future directions with an emphasis on the potential value of incorporating cognitive training approaches in early intervention strategies.
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Golier, Julia A., Andreas C. Michaelides, Maya Genovesi, Emily Chapman, and Rachel Yehuda. Pharmacological Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0019.
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Although psychotherapy is considered first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), advances have been made in pharmacological treatment. Based on controlled clinical trials, antidepressants remain the first-line pharmacological treatment. Studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce PTSD-specific symptoms and improve global outcome. Emerging evidence suggests efficacy for venlafaxine. Other individual agents found to be efficacious include imipramine and phenelzine. Prazosin is emerging as a beneficial adjunct for PTSD-related sleep disturbances and nightmares. Some evidence suggests that atypical antipsychotics may be efficacious against a broad range of symptoms, although the risk of metabolic side effects may limit widespread use. Trials are needed to assess whether anticonvulsants, cortisol-based treatments, sympatholytics, or other novel approaches are efficacious, and how pharmacotherapy can enhance psychotherapy outcomes. These studies should consider the goals of pharmacotherapy in PTSD and the subgroups of patients or clinical presentations most likely to benefit from pharmacological interventions.
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Heyland, Daren K., and Marina Mourtzakis. Malnutrition in Critical Illness: Implications, Causes, and Therapeutic Approaches. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0036.
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Malnutrition is generally defined as an inadequate intake of nutrients or calories for appropriate physiological functioning. Undernourishment specifically refers to hypocaloric intake as well as reduced macro- and micronutrient intakes relative to the calculated recommendation for a patient. This chapter discusses the undernourishment of the critically ill patient and its attendant physiological and clinical consequences. Achieving 80–90% of prescribed protein and calories is both achievable and is associated with the beneficial physiological and clinical outcomes in a significant proportion of patients. Strategies to maximize these benefits as well as minimizing the risk of enteral nutrition are essential. These should include early initiation of enteral nutrition (within 24–48 hours), adoption of second-generation feeding protocols, use of motility agents, small bowel feeding tubes, and elevation of the head of the bed. Given the encouraging results of early mobilization, it could be hypothesized that combining early mobilization and nutrition interventions would limit muscle mass loss and maintain muscle integrity and function in critically ill patients.
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Salvatori, Daniela, Harsha D. Devalla, and Robert Passier. Cells to repair the infarcted myocardium. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso, and Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0030.
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The adult mammalian heart has poor regenerative capacity. Loss of functional cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction leads to the replacement of functional muscle by scar tissue. This has a detrimental effect on cardiac function and may lead to heart failure. Potential regeneration of severe cardiac damage would require replacement of dead and damaged cardiomyocytes by transplantation, recruitment of endogenous progenitor cells, or induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation. For more than a decade, clinical trials to ameliorate the injured heart have been under way. However, after evaluation of the outcome of these trials it is evident that the beneficial effects of these cell-based transplantations are only marginal, and beneficial effects, if any, are not caused by regeneration of cardiomyocytes. In recent years, alternative approaches and various cell sources have been studied and suggested for cardiac repair. Recent advances in these cell-based therapies or strategies to activate endogenous cardiac repair are discussed.
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Cuckow, Peter. Hypospadias. Edited by David F. M. Thomas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0121.
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Hypospadias is one of the commonest congenital anomalies, with an incidence of approximately 1:250–300. Approximately 80% of cases are of mild to moderate severity and are amenable to single-stage surgical correction at around one year of age. Proximal or complicated cases account for the remaining 20% and these are being increasingly managed by a two-stage approach. While successful surgical repair can help to minimize any long-term psychological morbidity, a minority of patients will nevertheless experience significant psychological problems related to their condition. Long-term follow-up and support may therefore be beneficial for patients with severe forms of hypospadias. The experience and commitment of the surgeon, coupled with regular audit of results are the most important determinants of a successful surgical outcome.
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Md. Dahlan, Nuarrual Hilal. Corporate Insolvency Laws in Abandoned Housing Projects : Issues and Prospects. UUM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474755.
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This book discusses the provisions and legal principles under the Insolvency Law in Malaysia in face of the issue of abandoned housing projects and its rehabilitation. Apart from the Malaysian Insolvency Law, this book also analyses comparatively between the insolvency legal provisions and legal principles under the United Kingdom and Singapore Insolvency Laws. The approach of this book is by way of legal analyses over the relevant insolvency legal provisions in Malaysia, the United Kingdom and the Republic of Singapore. The discussion is further enriched and collaborated by the case studies conducted over several abandoned housing projects in Malaysia that have been subject to the insolvency administration. In addition, the author also provides relevant official statistics and reports of abandoned housing projects and numerous examples of abandoned housing project cases illustrating the diverse problems, complications, issues and grievances. The outcome and proposals of this book will be beneficial to the legal practitioners, judicial and legal services, insolvency practitioners, housing developers, financial institutions, contractors, housing consultants, technical agencies, land and state authorities, purchasers of units in abandoned housing projects, consumers associations, relevant private and government agencies and Federal and States Ministries, students and policy makers in the insolvency legal administration in Malaysia, particularly for those who are directly involved in abandoned housing projects and its rehabilitation in Malaysia .
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Servin, Frédérique S., and Valérie Billard. Anaesthesia for the obese patient. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0087.
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Obesity is becoming an epidemic health problem, and the number of surgical patients with a body mass index of more than 50 kg m−2 requiring anaesthesia is increasing. Obesity is associated with physiopathological changes such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disorders, or sleep apnoea syndrome, most of which improve with weight loss. Regarding pharmacokinetics, volumes of distribution are increased for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Consequently, doses should be adjusted to total body weight (propofol for maintenance, succinylcholine, vancomycin), or lean body mass (remifentanil, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent). For all drugs, titration based on monitoring of effects is recommended. To minimize recovery delays, drugs with a rapid offset of action such as remifentanil and desflurane are preferable. Poor tolerance to apnoea with early hypoxaemia and atelectasis warrant rapid sequence induction and protective ventilation. Careful positioning will prevent pressure injuries and minimize rhabdomyolysis which are frequent. Because of an increased risk of pulmonary embolism, multimodal prevention is mandatory. Regional anaesthesia, albeit technically difficult, is beneficial in obese patients to treat postoperative pain and improve rehabilitation. Maximizing the safety of anaesthesia for morbidly obese patients requires a good knowledge of the physiopathology of obesity and great attention to detail in planning and executing anaesthetic management. Even in elective surgery, many cases can be technical challenges and only a step-by-step approach to the avoidance of potential adverse events will result in the optimal outcome.
Book chapters on the topic "Beneficial outcomes approach"
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Ewert, Alan W., Denise S. Mitten, and Jillisa R. Overholt. "Outcomes, benefits, and opportunities: western research trends." In Health and natural landscapes: concepts and applications, 52–66. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245400.0005.
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Abstract This book chapter discusses and presents some of the research outcomes connecting human well-being and landscapes and explores the complexities inherent in the development of a field of study. In learning more about the research, it encourages readers to keep in mind: (1) a primary goal of researching landscapes and human interactions is to help us discover more about creating or maintaining mutually beneficial relationships between humans and natural landscapes based on an understanding that the two are entwined (2) it is less expensive (financially, psychologically, and socially) to keep people healthy than to have people regain their health. If nature is accessible and helps people stay healthy, there are positive financial implications for healthcare (3) studying human interactions with landscapes through a systems approach is required to successfully operationalise and apply research to address well-being concerns equitably and globally. Socioecological research-based solutions consider a system of wellbeing incorporating both human health and environmental health (4) the positive health benefits of exposure to land and seascapes on human systems are not accessible to all populations because of economic disparities, location, and health conditions, and (5) globally, nature and human well-being relationship findings have useful implications for individual well-being, public health, and landscape design.
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Vankova, Zvezda. "The Implementation of the EU’s Approach to Circular Migration Through Legal and Policy Routes." In IMISCOE Research Series, 65–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52689-4_4.
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AbstractThis chapter brings together the legal and policy instruments developed as part of the EU’s circular migration approach in order to assess its implementation and establish whether it provides rights-based outcomes for migrant workers. In order to do so, it employs a benchmark framework for analysis based on universal and regional international standards and soft law principles as well as policy measures that have been identified as conducive to circular migration (presented in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-52689-4_1). The benchmark framework covers six policy areas considered inherent to this type of labour migration and which at the same time could help distinguish circular migration from the guest-worker model and other time-bound migration policies: entry and re-entry conditions, work authorisation, residence status, social security coordination, entry and residence conditions for family members, and recognition of qualifications. To be beneficial for migrant workers, policies need to allow for a certain degree of migrant-led trajectory of movement and provide adequate protection of the rights of migrant workers.
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Ambrosino, Chiara, Ben Hufton, Benson Okinyi Nyawade, Harriet Osimbo, and Phanuel Owiti. "Integrating Climate Adaptation, Poverty Reduction, and Environmental Conservation in Kwale County, Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2713–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_118.
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AbstractShoreline erosion, flood surges, river sediments, and water pollution are only a few of the common threats to many coastal areas, with extreme climate-related events exacerbating the intensity and urgency of the resulting negative impacts. In addition, some coastal areas are excessively mined for sand, protective mangroves are destroyed, and coastal waters are overfished, affecting the well-being, safety, and livelihoods of local communities. These threats disproportionally affect the poorest and most marginalized groups, including women and children, leading to their increased vulnerability to climate change and adoption of negative coping mechanisms.This chapter proposes an integrated people-centered approach, with a particular focus on women, to address the triple crisis – poverty, climate change, and nature – at the local level. Findings will be shared from a 2-year project implemented in the southernmost coastal region of Kwale County in Kenya, which aimed to achieve beneficial and interconnected social, environmental, and climate outcomes. The chapter discusses findings, successes, and lessons learned from the action and the requirement to position vulnerable groups at the center of initiatives designed to address the triple crisis. Limitations of the study and main recommendations for future programming in similar contexts are also shared.
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Ekiert, Grzegorz. "Civil Society Approach." In The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation, 151–60. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0015.
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The idea of civil society resurrected in the 1970s has been one of the most important concepts guiding reflection on political transformations of contemporary societies. This chapter discusses various understandings of the concept and the asserted role civil society has in shaping political and economic outcomes. It points to established consensus on the beneficial role of civil society as a political project and a set of normative principles, but it emphasizes disagreements about how civil society is defined and measured, how it evolves over time, what dimensions of politics and public policy it shapes, and what are the mechanisms through which it affects the quality of democracy and resistance to authoritarianism. It also explores the idea of the civil society strategy as a distinct mode of political transformations as opposed to the revolutionary strategy. Finally, it suggests that civil society can be construed as a discrete analytical optics for analysing political change.
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Russell, Stuart. "Artificial Intelligence." In Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, 327–41. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905033.003.0012.
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This chapter argues that there is very little chance that we humans can specify our objectives completely and correctly, in such a way that the pursuit of those objectives by more capable machines is guaranteed to result in beneficial outcomes for humans. Consequently, this chapter defends and further articulates the need for “provably beneficial AI,” which is the idea that to the extent that human values are revealed in our behavior, we should be able to get machines to learn underlying human preferences from observing human behavior. It then discusses the technical challenges involved in building provably beneficial AI and responds to some possible concerns to this approach.
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Tangkiatkumjai, Mayuree, and Chatchai Kreepala. "General Approach to Evaluating Beneficial and Adverse Effects of CAM Use in Kidney Diseases." In Chronic Illness and Long-Term Care, 397–424. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7122-3.ch020.
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This chapter will address the issue of how to evaluate benefits and nephrotoxicity of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in chronic kidney disease, dialysis therapy, kidney transplantation, and urolithiasis. Serum creatinine, proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate are standard parameters to assess kidney function. Serum creatinine is used in evaluating acute kidney injury, which is the most common nephropathy from using herbal medicine. Assessment of electrolyte imbalance and urolithiasis is included in this chapter. The modified Naranjo algorithm has been proposed as a way to evaluate renal adverse effects of herbal medicine due to a lack of disease-specific causality assessments in herbal use. Measurement of humanistic outcomes is mentioned in this chapter. The SF-36 is commonly used in evaluating quality of life in CAM users and patients with kidney diseases. The MYMOP2 is to assess individual's symptoms in CAM use and might be used in this population.
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Fang, Mei Lan, Judith Sixsmith, Ryan Woolrych, Sarah L. Canham, Lupin Battersby, Tori Hui Ren, and Andrew Sixsmith. "Integrating sense of place within new housing developments: a community-based participatory research approach." In Resilience and Ageing, 129–56. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447340911.003.0007.
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This chapter looks at a Canadian project which critically explores the potential of an action-oriented, community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to reveal ways in which communities can be resilient to the opportunities and challenges of ageing-in-place. As part of the ‘Place-making with Seniors’ housing redevelopment project, a CBPR approach was applied in order to understand the sense of place of older adults through multiple vantage points. This resulted in a number of positive outcomes that revealed how community resilience and empowerment, articulated through participants' voices within the action research project, transformed the redevelopment in ways that were beneficial for older adults. As such, and in recognition of community requirements and aspirations, a number of changes were implemented so as to create a better living environment for older tenants.
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Trovati, Marcello, Eleana Asimakopoulou, and Nik Bessis. "Deep Learning Approaches in Pandemic and Disaster Management." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 108–24. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6736-4.ch006.
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A quick decision-making process in response and management of epidemics has been the most common approach, as accurate and relevant decisions have been demonstrated to have beneficial impacts on life preservation as well as on global and local economies. However, any disaster or epidemic is rarely represented by a set of single and linear parameters, as they often exhibit highly complex and chaotic behaviours, where interconnected unknowns rapidly evolve. As a consequence, any such decision-making approach must be computationally robust and able to process large amounts of data, whilst evaluating the potential outcomes based on specific decisions in real time.
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Shewale, Nilesh A., Preedip Balaji B., and Madhukar Shewale. "Open Content." In Advances in Library and Information Science, 119–35. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2500-6.ch011.
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The rapidly growing open content movement has intense outcomes and teaching approaches for the emergent social learning. Open content is any kind of creative work, or content, published under a license that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone; on the other hand, a closed system follows a completely proprietary approach. In this chapter, the authors discuss open vs. closed systems, open content development process and model, challenges in content decision, 4Rs in open content, and tools. They also highlight some of the instances where open content has proved beneficial for the education, organization, and the users in building an open knowledge society.
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Shewale, Nilesh A., Preedip Balaji B., and Madhukar Shewale. "Open Content." In Open Source Technology, 902–17. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch042.
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The rapidly growing open content movement has intense outcomes and teaching approaches for the emergent social learning. Open content is any kind of creative work, or content, published under a license that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone; on the other hand, a closed system follows a completely proprietary approach. In this chapter, the authors discuss open vs. closed systems, open content development process and model, challenges in content decision, 4Rs in open content, and tools. They also highlight some of the instances where open content has proved beneficial for the education, organization, and the users in building an open knowledge society.
Conference papers on the topic "Beneficial outcomes approach"
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Tubaishat, Abdallah. "Can E-Portfolio Improve Students’ Readiness to Find an IT Career?" In InSITE 2015: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: USA. Informing Science Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2136.
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[The final form of this paper was published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology.] An E-Portfolio Assessment Management System (EAMS) can be an innovative tool that provides students with flexible opportunities to demonstrate the acquisition of skills and abilities in an outcome-based institution. The system has been developed and used for the past ten years to create, reflect, revise, and structure students’ work. It is a repository management system that facilitates collecting, sharing, and presenting artifacts of student learning outcomes via a digital medium. Therefore, it provides students with flexible opportunities to demonstrate the acquisition of skills and abilities to demonstrate growth of achieving learning outcomes. The rationale of the EAMS is to allow students to demonstrate competences and reflect upon experiences to improve their learning and career readiness; hence, they are accountable for their learning. The system was built around two defined set of learning outcomes: institutionally agreed upon set of learning outcomes, and learning objectives that are related to major requirements. The purpose of this study is to analyze students’ perceptions and attitudes when using an e-portfolio to support their employment opportunities. The participants were 217 students in the College of Technological Innovation. The students reported that the developing of e-portfolios was extremely helpful. The results showed that students have positive opinions about using e-portfolios as a beneficial tool to support their readiness for employment; they believe an e-portfolio increases their confidence to find a job in the IT field because it can allow them to showcase artifacts that demonstrate competencies and reflect upon experiences, and they can provide their supervisors during their industrial training with an e-resume that includes views of their actual work of what they have learned and are able to do when they complete their degree. Employers then can review e-portfolios to select prospective employees work readiness skills; hence, graduates are more likely to obtain a job in their workplaces. In conclusion, students do like the idea of e-portfolios when it is presented to them as a career showcase rather than a process for documenting learning. A career center can use e-portfolios as a tool to help students find a job. Furthermore, our analysis and evaluation uncovered learning issues involved in moving from the traditional approach of learning toward an integrated learning system that can be used after graduation.
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Walker, Paul D., and Holger M. Roser. "Configuration Design and Energy Balancing of Compact-Hybrid Powertrains." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20341.
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The development of compact and efficient hybrid electric vehicle powertrains for low initial and on-going costs requires consideration of numerous, often competing factors. Appropriately designing and sizing these powertrains requires the consideration of requirements for vehicle range and performance, considered directly through the sizing of motors and engines, and indirectly through minimization of vehicle mass whilst being constrained by total stored energy in the vehicle, against the impact on vehicle emissions and on purchase and ongoing operational costs. In addition to these considerations the actual driver use will strongly influence the energy consumed and vehicle emissions. It therefore becomes beneficial to provide flexibility in hybrid vehicle configuration design to enable the minimization of vehicle emissions and ongoing vehicle costs. The purpose of this paper is to study the various alternative vehicle powertrain configurations for application to small scale hybridization demands, such as scooters or motorcycles. Powertrain configurations studied in this paper include plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), battery hybrid electric (BHEV), and a pure electric vehicle (PEV). To design and size each of the configurations a statistical approach is taken, power and load demands are studied and utilized to size powertrain components. Results are extended to size vehicle energy storage for electric only range of 25, 50 and 100 km, and total vehicle range of 100 km for the BHEV and 200 km for the PHEV. Based on the results developed from the analysis mathematical models of each of the powertrain configurations are then developed in Matlab/Simulink and numerical studies of vehicle energy consumption in comparison to range are conducted. Outcomes of these simulations are compared to an operating cost based analysis of the suggested powertrains; the benefits and limitations of each design are considered in detail.
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Ward, Monica. "THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE FUTURE – THE CHALLENGES, POSITIVES AND FUTURE STRATEGIES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION BLENDED TEACHING." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end078.
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There have been many changes that have taken place in all levels of education since the Covid-19 pandemic, including at Higher Education (HE). While the swift pivot to blended teaching has been challenging and not welcomed by all, there are some positives have come about because of it and it would be good to be able to hold on to these. The challenges include moving learning materials (written, video and audio) online, engaging with students in a constructive manner and how to do assessments that are academically rigorous and have academic integrity. It is difficult for those who are used to teaching in a face-to-face environment to suddenly switch over to developing online resources and know who do this effectively and efficiently. Interacting with students online requires a different skill set than in a face-to-face environment and educators should not be expected to acquire these skills automatically. Closed-book, invigilated exams are the norm in HE institutions and ensure a level of academic integrity that has worked well for many years. It is difficult to switch from this scenario to an open-book, non-invigilated exam. It means that questions have to be re-thought to explore the students’ understanding in an academic rigorous manner. Ideally, it would be good to be able to address these challenges as they mean a less positive experience for both educators and students. The positive aspects include a more flexible approach to teaching and learning, facilitation of different modes of learning and in some cases, more interesting and authentic assessments. A more flexible approach enables students to learn at a time and place that suits them and is in keeping with the needs of the more diverse population that makes up student body in HE today. While there is a debate around learning styles, providing learning materials in a variety of formats is beneficial for all students. While it is definitely more difficult to develop open-book assessments, it is also an opportunity to do more real-world, authentic assessments that assess students’ higher order skills. This moves assessment further along the Bloom’s taxonomy. This paper looks at the challenges and positives outcomes of the move to blended teaching and learning and how the challenges can be addressed, the positive aspects maintained and how a sustainable approach can be adopted to ensure that future changes to teaching are less challenging and more positive.
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"Transition to First Year University Study: A Qualitative Descriptive Study on the Psychosocial and Emotional Impacts of a Science Workshop." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4188.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/purpose The purpose of this article is to discuss the psychosocial and emotional outcomes of an introductory health science workshop designed to support and assist incoming health science students before starting their university study. Background For the past two decades, a South Australian university offered an on-campus face to face workshop titled ‘Preparation for Health Sciences’ to incoming first-year students from eleven allied health programs such as Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medical Imaging. While many were locals, a good number came from regional and rural areas, and many were international students also. They consisted of both on-campus and off-campus students. The workshop was created as a new learning environment that was available for students of diverse age groups, educational and cultural backgrounds to prepare them to study sciences. The content of the four-day workshop was developed in consultation with the program directors of the allied health programs. The objectives were to: introduce the assumed foundational science knowledge to undertake health sciences degree; gain confidence in approaching science subjects; experience lectures and laboratory activities; and become familiar with the University campus and its facilities. The workshop was delivered a week before the orientation week, before first-year formal teaching weeks. The topics covered were enhancing study skills, medical and anatomical terminology, body systems, basic chemistry and physics, laboratory activities, and assessment of learning. Methodology In order to determine the outcomes of the workshop, a survey was used requiring participants to agree or disagree about statements concerning the preparatory course and answer open-ended questions relating to the most important information learned and the best aspects of the workshop. Several students piloted this questionnaire before use in order to ascertain the clarity of instructions, terminology and statements. The result of the 2015-2018 pre- and post-evaluation showed that the workshop raised confidence and enthusiasm in commencing university and that the majority considered the workshop useful overall. The findings of the survey are drawn upon to examine the psychosocial and emotional impacts of the workshop on participants. Using secondary qualitative analysis, the researchers identified the themes relating to the psychosocial and emotional issues conveyed by the participants. Contribution The contributions of the article are in the areas of improving students’ confidence to complete their university degrees and increasing the likelihood of academic success. Findings Of the 285 students who participated in the workshops from 2015 to 2018, 166 completed the survey conducted at the conclusion of the initiative, representing a 58% response rate. The workshops achieved the objectives outlined at the outset. While there were many findings reported (Thalluri, 2016), the results highlighted in this paper relate to the psychosocial and emotional impacts of the workshop on students. Three themes emerged, and these were Increased preparedness and confidence; Networking and friendships that enhanced support, and Reduced anxiety to study sciences. Some drawbacks were also reported including the cost, time and travel involved. Recommendations for practitioners Students found the introductory workshop to be psychosocially and emotionally beneficial. It is recommended that the same approach be applied for teaching other challenging fields such as mathematics and physics within the university and in other contexts and institutions. Recommendations for researchers Improving and extending the workshop to provide greater accessibility and autonomy is recommended. A longitudinal study to follow up the durability of the workshop is also proposed. Impact on society The impacts in the broader community include: higher academic success for students; improved mental health due to social networking and friendship groups and reduced anxiety and fear; reduced dropout rate in their first year; greater potential to complete educational degrees; reduced wastage in human and financial resources; and increased human capital. Future research Addressing the limitations of cost, time and travel involved, and following-up with the participants’ academic and workplace performance are future directions for research.
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Manna, Soumya K., and Venketesh N. Dubey. "Design Proposal for a Portable Elbow Exoskeleton." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6931.
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Exoskeleton based rehabilitation for post-stroke recovery is being aggressively pursued due to unavailability of adequate number of caregivers and huge investment for the manual treatment [1]. The structural framework for providing different training exercises is not similar for all exoskeletons and there is no standardized protocol for rehabilitation following stroke [2]. Various approaches have been undertaken to come up with customized exoskeleton design for implementing a specific type of exercise. Though a few exoskeletons have proved to be beneficial in terms of clinical outcomes, there is still a long way to go before a useful rehabilitation device becomes acceptable to the users. After reviewing the 46 exoskeletons (commercial or prototypes) [3], two key requirements can be considered for the design of an exoskeleton; the structural parameter which decides the size, weight and the ease of control and the other is the nature of rehabilitation therapy which defines the type and intensity of the exercises performed during training.
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Sanaei, Roozbeh, Kevin N. Otto, Katja Hölttä-Otto, and Kristin L. Wood. "Incorporating Constraints in System Modularization by Interactive Clustering of Design Structure Matrices." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60510.
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Modularity is an approach to manage the design of complex systems by partitioning and assigning elements of a concept to simpler subsystems according to a planned architecture. Functional-flow heuristics suggest possible modules that have been demonstrated in past products, but using them still leaves it to the designer to choose which heuristics make sense in a certain architecture. This constitutes an opportunity for a designer to take other constraints and objectives into account. With large complex systems, the number of alternative groupings of elements into modular chunks becomes exponentially large and some form of automation would be beneficial to accomplish this task. Clustering algorithms using the design structure matrix (DSM) representation search the space of alternative relative positioning of elements and present one ideal outcome ordering which “optimizes” a modularity metric. Beyond the problems of lack of interactive exploration around the optimized result, such approaches also partition the elements in an unconstrained manner. Yet, typical complex products are subject to constraints which invalidate the unconstrained optimization. Such architectural partitioning constraints include those associated with external force fields including electric, magnetic, or pressure fields that constrain some functions to perform or not perform in different regions of the field. There are also supplier constraints where some components cannot be easily provided with others. Overall, it is difficult to simply embed all objectives of modular thinking into one metric to optimize. We develop a new type of interactive clustering algorithm approach considering multiple objectives and partitioning constraints. Partitioning options are offered to a designer interactively as a sequence of clustering choices between elements in the architecture. A designer can incorporate constraints that determine the compatibility or incompatibility of elements by choosing among alternative groupings progressively. Our aim is to combine computational capability of clustering algorithms with the flexibility of manual approaches. Through applying these algorithms to a MRI machine injector, we demonstrate the benefits of interactive cooperation between a designer and modularity algorithms, where constraints can be naturally considered.
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Cozzi, Lorenzo, Filippo Rubechini, Andrea Arnone, Andrea Schneider, and Pio Astrua. "Improving Steady CFD to Capture the Effects of Radial Mixing in Axial Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90363.
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Abstract The axial compressors of power-generation gas turbines have a high stage count, blades with low aspect ratios and relatively large clearances in the rear section. These features promote the development of strong secondary flows. An important outcome deriving from the convection of intense secondary flows is the enhanced span-wise transport of fluid properties mainly involving the rear stages, generally referred to as “radial mixing”. An incorrect prediction of this key phenomenon may result in inaccurate performance evaluation and could mislead the designers during the compressor design phase. As shown in a previous work, in the rear stages of an axial compressor the stream-wise vorticity associated with tip clearance flows is one of the main drivers of the overall span-wise transport phenomenon. Limiting it by circumferentially averaging the flow at row interfaces is the reason why a steady-state analysis strongly under-predicts radial mixing. To properly forecast the span-wise transport within the flow-path, an unsteady analysis should be adopted. However, due to the high blade count, this approach has a computational cost not yet suitable for industrial purposes. Currently, only the steady-state full-compressor simulation can fit in a lean industrial design chain and any model upgrade improving its radial mixing prediction would be highly beneficial for the daily design practice. To attain some progresses in RANS model, its inherent lack of convection of stream-wise vorticity must be addressed. This can be done by acting on another mixing driver, able to provide the same outcome, that is turbulent diffusion. In particular, by enhancing turbulent viscosity one can promote span-wise diffusion, thus improving the radial mixing prediction of the steady approach. In this paper, this strategy to update the RANS model and its application in simulations on a compressor of the Ansaldo Energia fleet is presented, together with the model tuning that has been performed using the results of unsteady simulations as the target.
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Gavrilin, Sergey, and Sverre Steen. "Uncertainty of Sea Trials Results Used for Validation of Ship Manoeuvring Simulation Models." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41887.
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Increasingly complex marine operations dictate higher need for precise and reliable modelling. For the last decades several different approaches to modelling of ship manoeuvring were developed, including scaled model testing, numerical and empirical methods. Increasingly, time-domain simulation models for ship manoeuvring are developed and used for training and planning of marine operations. Especially when using the simulation models to plan operations, it is essential that the simulation model is properly validated. There is a need for better and more standardized validation methods for such simulation models. A key issue is the uncertainty of the data used in the validation. Typically, the validation will be against full scale trials results. In the study reported in this paper it was found by inspection of repeated tests results that even under relatively calm environmental conditions outcomes of sea trials can be highly uncertain. However, it is very expensive to investigate uncertainty of each type of trial experimentally. Therefore it can be very beneficial to estimate it by means of a simulation model. This paper presents results of analysis of full scale turning circle trials of research vessel “Gunnerus”. Turning circle trials with 20° and 35° rudder angle executed both to starboard and port sides are analyzed. Experimental uncertainty analysis is performed. Effectiveness of IMO correction procedure is discussed. Also paper describes a method for determining uncertainty of trial results due to environmental effects by means of simulation model and compares them with experimental uncertainty. The method is based on Monte-Carlo techniques.
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van der Hout, Arne J., Martijn P. C. de Jong, Emiel Moerman, Gabriela J. Timerman, and Eric Oliveira Ribeiro. "Determination of Infragravity Wave Conditions at a Nearshore Location With a Non-Uniform Coastline: Case Study of Baía de Todos os Santos, Brazil." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83712.
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The Petrobras energy company plans to build a new terminal in the Baía de Todos os Santos, Brazil. This paper describes a study in which an estimate has been provided for infragravity (or low-frequency, LF) wave conditions at this future LNG Regasification Terminal location. To aid the design of the terminal, numerical simulations of the propagation of these waves into the bay have been performed. At the proposed terminal location, within a large coastal bay, LF waves can be related to long waves bound to the local primary sea and swell waves (bound LF waves) and to low-frequency waves that propagate into the bay after being made free near the bay entrance (free LF waves). While most of the primary waves will not fully penetrate into the bay, the long LF waves can. Due to the large area of the bay (approximately 40 km × 30 km), detailed modelling of all complex coastal processes related to infragravity waves was not efficient. Therefore, a practical approach has been followed in this study. For a first evaluation, an estimate has been made of bound LF wave conditions at the terminal location inside the bay and at the mouth of the bay. This estimate is based on an equilibrium method using the local primary wave climate and assuming a flat bottom. In a second stage, free LF wave penetration into the bay has been simulated using the shallowwater model Delft3D-FLOW. By applying the practical approach described in this paper, infragravity wave conditions (bound and free) have been efficiently estimated at the future terminal location for yearly-averaged and extreme primary wave conditions. The results show that the LF wave climate at the terminal will be very mild, corresponding to beneficial conditions for terminal operations. The outcome of this study will be taken into account in the further design of the terminal.
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Gulied, Mona Hersi, Ahmed Al Nouss, Tasneem ElMakki, Fathima Sifani Zavahir, and Dong Suk han. "Feasibility and Cost Optimization study of Osmotic Assisted Reverse Osmosis Process for Brine Management." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0031.
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Due to the excessive demand to desalinate seawater to satisfy the domestic need in Qatar, it was needed to develop safe and cost effective desalination processes with the consideration of stringent regulation for water quality production and wastewater/brine discharge quality. The direct disposal of brines to the environment raised potential negative impact to the aquatic system and therefore the best practice is to minimize the volume of brine production and reuse it for beneficiary application. Several brine-dewatering techniques include both evaporative and non-evaporative approaches, which are capable to dewater high salinity brines with 50-350 g/L of total dissolved solids (TDS). The commonly adopted technology for dewatering brine is mechanical vapor compression that is known for its significant energy consumption up to 25 kWh/m3 of produced water for 50% of water recovery1. Non-evaporative membrane base technologies are a promising approach to dewater brines with minimum energy usage. Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) is an advance membrane based technology for energy efficient and high recovery desalination of saline brine. OARO differ from reverse osmosis (RO) by adding saline sweep on permeate side to reduce osmotic pressure difference across the membrane to generate more water flux. The ongoing research work are based on mathematical/numerical approach that focuses on finding the optimum OARO configuration, inlet hydraulic pressure to avoid membrane burst and cost analysis. However, most of these studies are conducted by considering ideal conditions. In this study, an algorithm for simulating OARO process based on MATLAB and Aspen Plus to model membrane calculation and to design process configuration is considered to the effect of concentration polarization (CP) and reverse solute flux (RSF). The objective is to study the effect of inlet feed concentration and flowrate, sweep concentration and flowrate, inlet hydraulic pressure, number of stages, membrane size and characteristics and module configuration flow. In addition, technical economic analysis to evaluate the economic feasibility of OARO process. The stopping criteria of this model is the quality of water permeating at the feasible operating conditions and the cost. This model demonstrated high potential simulating OARO process to be used as a palate form for the user to predict the behavior of the process by varying operating conditions to desired outcomes.
Reports on the topic "Beneficial outcomes approach"
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.