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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Stubbs, Wendy, and Chris Cocklin. "Cooperative, community-spiritedand commercial: social sustainability at Bendigo Bank." Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 14, no. 5 (2007): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/csr.130.

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2

Hurlimann, A., D. Hes, M. Othman, and T. Grant. "Charting a new course for water—is black water reuse sustainable?" Water Supply 7, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2007): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.107.

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The world is facing a water crisis, and Australia is no exception. New regimes for the supply, use, and delivery of water are needed to ensure a sustainable water future. Black water reuse through ‘sewer mining’ or onsite treatment, proposes to be one initiative that may possibly offer a viable and sustainable alternative approach to water provision in many contexts. However, despite the potential benefits of black water reuse, its feasibility is not yet fully understood. In particular, there is much uncertainty surrounding the following issues: (1) community acceptance, (2) policy complexities, (3) performance impacts of these localised systems, and (4) environmental balance over the full life cycle. This paper outlines research needs surrounding black water reuse with a focus on these four major issues. The paper presents a research agenda to address these important issues. This research agenda involves two Australian commercial case studies: the Council House 2 building in Melbourne, and the Bendigo Bank building in Bendigo.

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3

Mehera, Asoke, and Eduardo Ordonez‐Ponce. "Social and economic value creation by Bendigo Bank and Stockland Property Group: Application of Shared Value Business Model." Business and Society Review 126, no. 1 (March 2021): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/basr.12224.

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4

Alfadhili, Fadhil K., Adam B. Phillips, Geethika K. Liyanage, Jacob M. Gibbs, Manoj K. Jamarkattel, and Michael J. Heben. "Controlling Band Alignment at the Back Interface of Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells using ZnTe and Te Buffer Layers." MRS Advances 4, no. 16 (2019): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.31.

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ABSTRACTFormation of a low barrier back contact plays a critical role in improving the photoconversion efficiency of the CdTe solar cells. Incorporating a buffer layer to minimize the band bending at the back of the CdTe device can significantly lower the barrier for the hole current, improving open circuit voltage (VOC) and the fill factor. Over the past years, researchers have incorporated the both ZnTe and Te as buffer layers to improve CdTe device performance. Here we compare device performance using these two materials as buffer layers at the back of CdTe devices. We show that using Te in contact to CdTe results in higher performance than using ZnTe in contact to the CdTe. Low temperature current density-voltage measurements show that Te results is a lower barrier with CdTe than ZnTe, indicating that Te has better band alignment, resulting in less downward bending in the CdTe at the back interface, than ZnTe does.

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5

Stopczyński, Andrzej. "Does bank resolution rule out the use of public funds? The case of the Podkarpacki Bank Spółdzielczy." Finanse i Prawo Finansowe 1, no. 25 (March 31, 2020): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.1.25.06.

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On 15 January 2020 Polish resolution authority made a decision to launch the resolution of a regional cooperative bank. The aim of the resolution was to maintain the service of local government units, considered as the critical function of the bank. The tool used was a bridge bank combined with bail-in to subordinated bonds and unguaranteed deposits, including deposits from local government units. The author is of the opinion that the write-off deposits from public entities was a substitute of the insufficient amount of liabilities contractually eligible for bail-in, served as the instrument enhancing credibility of resolution as well as protecting other creditors from excessive losses (i.e. mitigating contagion risk). The presented case of bank resolution, has been assessed as an example of intentionally bending of the stiff BRRD rules to an unusual case to find the practical, socially acceptable solution. By comparing this case with resolution of other small banks in the EU, the author argues that national authorities seek to limit the scope for bail-in and try to use the financial arrangements within the resolution of small local banks as more secure for the banking sector and socially acceptable manner.

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6

Carlsson, H., M. Bergström, A. Brockstedt, L. P. Ekström, J. Lyttkens-Lindén, H. Ryde, R. A. Bark, et al. "Back-bending in the band and proton-neutron interactions in 171Re." Nuclear Physics A 551, no. 2 (January 1993): 295–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(93)90483-e.

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7

Hwang, J. K., A. V. Ramayya, J. H. Hamilton, J. Kormicki, L. K. Peker, B. R. S. Babu, T. N. Ginter, et al. "Identification of the $\nu_{\frac 32}-[521]$ Band in 153Nd and the γ-Transitions in 149Nd." International Journal of Modern Physics E 06, no. 02 (June 1997): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301397000226.

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From an experiment with Gammasphere and a 252 C spontaneous fission source, two bands with signatures -i and +i are identified in 153 Nd Also several new transitions in 149 Nd are observed for the first time. The band with signature -i in 153 Nd shows no back bending, similar to the one observed in 161 Er . The signature splitting observed in the ground band of 153 Nd is similar to the ones observed in N=93 isotones in this mass region. In 149 Nd the new transitions are placed into a band with a proposed configuration of [Formula: see text].

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8

Zhang, Jing, Qinghua Zhang, Tiantian Wang, Jinmeng Yang, and Xuemei Li. "Research on the water level in a bending channel using a guide wall." Water Supply 19, no. 8 (September 16, 2019): 2494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.130.

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Abstract In order to study the water level at the convex and concave banks after installing a guide wall in a spillway chute bend, with the original condition that the Fr at the entrance of the channel bend is larger than 1.0 (supercritical flow) when there is no the guide wall, systematic experiments with the guide wall were conducted for three radii (2.4B, 3.2B and 4B; B is the width of the channel), bottom slopes (0.01, 0.005 and 0.02), and discharges (50, 100 and150 m3 h−1). Results show that, firstly, after installing a guide wall, the Fr becomes smaller and even lower than 1.0, which means the flow status changes from supercritical to subcritical in some conditions with the help of the guide wall. Secondly, the water depth at the convex bank decreases with the increase of the relative axial radius while this presents to be adverse at the concave bank. Thirdly, for water surface differences in cross-sections, the maximum value decreases with the increase of the relative axial radius, and increases with the increase of the discharge per unit width or the bottom slope. Additionally, a novel formula for calculating the maximum water surface difference was obtained in this article.

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9

Leon, Christopher C., Klaus Kuhnke, and Olle Gunnarsson. "Band Bending and Beyond." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125, no. 5 (January 26, 2021): 3206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10247.

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10

Dinda L. Gorlée. "Bending Back and Breaking." symploke 15, no. 1-2 (2008): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sym.0.0023.

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11

Hu, Yongtao, Yao Chen, Chao He, Yongjie Liu, Qingyuan Wang, and Chong Wang. "Bending Fatigue Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel up to Very High Cycle Fatigue Regime." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 4820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214820.

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Effect of microstructure on the crack initiation and early propagation mechanism in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime was studied in 316L stainless steel (316L SS) by atomic force microscope (AFM) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that small fatigue cracks initiate from the slip band near the grain boundaries (GBs) or the twin boundaries (TBs). Early crack propagation along or cross the slip band is strongly influenced by the local microstructure such as grain size, orientation, and boundary. Besides, the gathered slip bands (SBs) are presented side by side with the damage grains of the run-out specimen. Finally, it is found that dislocations can either pass through the TBs, or be arrested at the TBs.

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12

Shan, Zhigang, Jingqing Lv, Faming Zhang, Liang Chen, Fei Yin, and Menglong Dong. "Different Toppling Bank Slope Failures under Hydrodynamic Action during Impoundment of the Miaowei Hydropower Station Reservoir." Water 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14132126.

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Toppling is a common deformation and failure phenomenon in the reservoir bank slopes of hydropower projects. This paper studies the genesis and evolution of different toppling bodies during water impoundment at the Miaowei Hydropower Station Reservoir on the Lancang River in southwest China. Toppling properties were determined and second failure characteristics analyzed in different reservoir impoundment stages. Different degrees of toppling deformation were primarily affected by the transverse bending stress, while the regional tectonic stress has been shown to have a significant effect on the transverse bending of the rock layers. Combined with the on-site investigation and monitoring results, the failure mechanisms of the different toppling deformation bodies were analyzed. The second failure of the toppling rock mass caused by the reservoir impoundment process is mainly the hydrodynamic splitting along fractures, wave impaction and softening on the slope foot. The transverse bending effect of gravity is transmitted upward through joint misalignment, rotation and slip, accelerating the speed of secondary toppling failure and forming a compression-shear failure along the toppling tension crack. A model to predict the scope and time of failure in the toppling deformation banks under the action of reservoir hydrodynamics was proposed.

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13

Lai, Yi Nan, Sheng Le Ren, Zeng Lou Li, Jun Tao Gu, and Guang Fei Wu. "Study of NC Cold Tube Bending Spring-Back Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.202.

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The unloading spring-back of tubes during its manufacturing process shows a strong nonlinearity, which greatly influences the precision of parts. In this paper, the strain distribution of bending tubes was analyzed based on the elasto-plasticity theory, and the theoretical equation for spring-back of tubes was derived. The numerical simulation model for cold tube-bending process was developed with prediction error of 9% compared with experimental results, indicating high reliability of the model. The 12Cr1MoV and 20G tubes were used to analyze the effects of bending angle, bending radius and bending speed on the spring-back of tubes. The prediction equation of spring-back was built, which shows that the spring-back tendency was in accordance with theoretical analysis results. The simulated results show that the spring-back angle is linearly proportional to the bending angle within a certain range. In addition, it is proportional to the relative bending radius and the bending speed.

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14

Singh, Dhanvir, Arun Bharti, Amit Kumar, Suram Singh, G. H. Bhat, and J. A. Sheikh. "Study of odd mass 115−125Sb isotopes with the projected shell model calculations." International Journal of Modern Physics E 26, no. 06 (June 2017): 1750041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301317500410.

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The projected shell model (PSM) with the deformed single-particle states, generated by the standard Nilsson potential, is applied to study the negative-parity high spin states of [Formula: see text] nuclei. The nuclear structure quantities like band structure and back-bending in moment of inertia have been calculated with PSM method and are compared with the available experimental data. In addition, the reduced transition probabilities, i.e., B[Formula: see text] and B[Formula: see text], are also obtained for the yrast band of these isotopes for the first time by using PSM wave function. A multi-quasiparticle structure has been predicted for [Formula: see text] isotopes by the present PSM calculations.

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15

Li, Lin Lin, Guo Qing Wu, Chang Xu Liu, and Ai Xue Sha. "Relationships between Spring-Back and Microstructure of Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al Titanium Alloy Sheet during Bending Process." Materials Science Forum 747-748 (February 2013): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.839.

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Evolutions of microstructure, micro-hardness in the central deformation area and spring-back, were studied in different bending conditions of Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al titanium alloy sheet. The results show that, with the increase of bending deformation, i.e. increase of bending angle or decrease of bending radius, the grain area, the grain feret diameter ratio and micro-hardness in the central deformation area all show nearly linear growth trends. The spring-back angle has no clearly correlation with the degree of bending deformation. While the spring-back rate correlates positively with the length of deformation-affected zone, which can reflect the characteristics of bending deformation more intuitively than that of spring-back angle.

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16

Zhang, Xiao Hong, and Guo Fu Yin. "Mathematical Modeling and Modifying of Turntable’s Angle for 5/12 Automatic Numerical Controlling Bending Hoop Machine." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1955.

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Aiming at 5/12 full-automatic numerical control (NC) bending hoop machine, the paper analyzed the elastic-plastic bending deformation with the knowledge of elastic-plastic bending principle, theoretically mechanics and spring-back, and deduced the relationship of bending moment and curvature ratio, and built the mathematical model between bending hoop turntable’s rotation angle and stirrups angle considering the spring-back deformation. Then the different spring-back angles under two types of stirrups diameter, Φ=8 mm and Φ=10 mm, are measured. The mathematical model of turntable’s rotation angle and stirrup’s angle for 5/12 automatic NC bending hoop machine is modified according to the analysis of bending test data.

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17

Caneiro, JP, Peter O’Sullivan, Ottmar V. Lipp, Lara Mitchinson, Nicolai Oeveraas, Priyanka Bhalvani, Richard Abrugiato, Sean Thorkildsen, and Anne Smith. "Evaluation of implicit associations between back posture and safety of bending and lifting in people without pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 18, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2018-0056.

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Abstract Background and aims Despite lack of support from recent in vivo studies, bending and lifting (especially with a round-back posture) are perceived as dangerous to the back. In light of this view, it has been proposed that pain-free people may hold a common implicit belief that is congruent with the idea that bending and lifting with a round-back represents danger to a person’s back, however this has not been evaluated. The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate implicit associations between back posture and safety related to bending and lifting in pain-free people; (2) to explore correlations between the implicit measure and explicit measures of back beliefs, fear of movement and safety of bending; (3) to investigate self-reported qualitative appraisal of safe lifting. Methods Exploratory cross-sectional study including 67 pain-free participants (no pain, or average pain ≤3/10 for less than one week over the previous 12 months) (52% male), who completed an online survey containing demographic data and self-reported measures of: fear of movement (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for General population – TSK-G), back beliefs (Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire BackPAQ), and bending beliefs (Bending Safety Belief – BSB – a pictorial scale with images of a person bending/lifting with round and straight back postures). Implicit associations between back posture and safety related to bending and lifting were evaluated with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). A qualitative assessment of descriptions of safe lifting was performed. Results An implicit association between “danger” and “round-back” bending/lifting was evident in all participants (IATD-score=0.65 (SD=0.45; 95% CI [0.54, 0.76]). Participants’ profile indicated high fear of movement, unhelpful back beliefs, and perceived danger to round-back bending and lifting (BSBThermometer: 5.2 (SD=3.8; 95% CI [4.26, 6.13] range −10 to 10; t(67)=11.09, p<0.001). There was a moderate correlation between IAT and BSBThermometer (r=0.38, 95% CI [0.16, 0.62]). There were weaker and non-statistically significant correlations between IAT and TSK-G (r=0.28, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.47]), and between IAT and BackPAQDanger (r=0.21, 95% CI [−0.03, 0.45]). Qualitative assessment of safe lifting descriptions indicated that keeping a “straight back” and “squatting” when lifting were the most common themes. Conclusions Pain-free people displayed an implicit bias towards bending and lifting with a “round-back” as dangerous. Our findings support the idea that pain-free people may have a pre-existing belief about lifting, that the back is in danger when rounded. Research to evaluate the relationship between this implicit bias and lifting behaviour is indicated. Implications The findings of this study may have implications for ergonomic guidelines and public health information related to bending and lifting back postures. Additionally, clinicians may need to be aware of this common belief, as this may be reflected in how a person responds when they experience pain.

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18

Sharma, Deepti, Preeti Verma, Suram Singh, Arun Bharti, and S. K. Khosa. "Band structure of odd-mass lanthanum nuclei." International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, no. 04 (April 2014): 1450020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301314500207.

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Negative parity energy states in 121–131 La have been studied using Projected Shell Model (PSM). Some nuclear structure properties like yrast spectra, back-bending in moment of inertia, reduced transition probabilities and band diagrams have been described. The experimental feature of the co-existence of prolate–oblate shapes in 125–131 La isotopes has been satisfactorily explained by PSM results. Comparison of the theoretical data with their experimental counterparts has also been made. From the calculations, it is found that the yrast states arise because of multi-quasiparticle states.

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19

Chevtchenko, S., Q. Fan, Cole W. Litton, A. A. Baski, and Hadis Morkoç. "Effects of Rapid Thermal Annealing Treatment on the Surface Band Bending of n-type GaN Studied by Surface Potential Electric Force Microscopy." Materials Science Forum 527-529 (October 2006): 1529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.527-529.1529.

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It is generally accepted that the Schottky barrier height (SBH) is affected by the initial band bending at the bare nGaN surface as well as by an additional contribution following metal deposition. In this work the effect of processing used for device fabrication on the surface band bending of bare c-plane nGaN was studied by surface potential electric force microscopy (SP-EFM). An increase of the initial upward band bending from 1.0 ± 0.1eV for the as-grown GaN to 1.9 ± 0.1eV after RTA treatment in N2 ambient was observed. No significant dependence of band bending on N2 or Ar as ambient gas during the RTA treatment was observed. The increase of the initial upward band bending was also confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. We suggest that the RTA treatment causes a high density of surface states, possibly as a result of high temperature reaction of ambient gas and remnant contamination.

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20

Farsi, M. A., B. Arezoo, V. Alizadeh, and S. Mirzaee. "The study of spring-back in wipe-bending processes for perforated components." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 225, no. 11 (September 12, 2011): 2007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405411403253.

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Bending is one of the processes frequently used during manufacturing of sheet-metal components. Spring-back in bending operations is an important issue when producing precision parts. This issue becomes even more important when the component has any kind of hole on the bending surface. Such components are the focus of study in this paper. Many parameters affect spring-back in the bending process; in the present work, perforated components with an oblong cut are selected, and the influence of cut size, die radius, clearance, and component material on the value of the spring-back in a wipe-bending process are studied. Four different hole sizes, three die radii and clearance, and two different steel materials (high-strength low-alloy steel and low-carbon steel) are used in experiments and finite-element simulations. Results show these parameters have effect on the amount of spring-back in the wipe-bending process.

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21

LIAO, YUNLONG, and ZHONGFANG CHEN. "UNIFORM BENDING EFFECT ON ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF BORON NITRIDE NANORIBBONS: A COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION." Nano LIFE 02, no. 02 (June 2012): 1240005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984412400053.

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First-principles computations were performed to investigate the uniform bending effect on the electronic properties of armchair boron nitride nanoribbons (aBNNRs) with experimentally obtained width. For both bare and hydrogen-terminated aBNNRs, the band gaps only slightly depend on the uniform bending. The insensitivity of the band structures of BNNRs to the uniform bending makes them ideal materials when their wide band gap character is desired.

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22

BAO, YI-DONG, WEN-LIANG CHEN, and HONG WU. "FAST SPRINGBACK SIMULATION OF BENDING FORMING BASED ON ONE-STEP INVERSE ANALYSIS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 6057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051571.

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A simplified one-step inverse analysis of sheet metal forming is a suitable tool to simulate the bending forming since the deformation path of bending forming is an approximately proportion one. A fast spring-back simulation method based on one-step analysis is proposed. First, the one-step inverse analysis is applied to obtain the stress distribution at the final stage of bending. Then, the unloading to get a spring back is simulated by LS-DYNA implicit solver. These processes are applied to the unconstrained cylindrical bending and the truck member rail. The spring-back and member rail widths at the several key sections are compared with experimental ones. It is well demonstrated that the proposed method is an effective way to predict the spring-back by unloading after bending process.

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23

Gong, Jiarui, Kuangye Lu, Jisoo Kim, TienKhee Ng, Donghyeok Kim, Jie Zhou, Dong Liu, Jeehwan Kim, Boon S. Ooi, and Zhenqiang Ma. "Influences of ALD Al₂O₃ on the surface band-bending of c-plane, Ga-face GaN." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 011003. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac3d45.

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Abstract The recently demonstrated approach of grafting n-type GaN with p-type Si or GaAs, by employing ultrathin Al2O3 at the interface, has shown the feasibility to overcome the poor p-type doping challenge of GaN. However, the surface band-bending of GaN that could be influenced by the Al2O3 has been unknown. In this work, the band-bending of c-plane, Ga-face GaN with ultrathin Al2O3 deposition at the surface of GaN was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The study shows that the Al2O3 can help suppress the upward band-bending of the c-plane, Ga-face GaN with a monotonic reduction trend from 0.48 eV down to 0.12 eV as the number of Al2O3 deposition cycles increases from 0 to 20. The study further shows that the band-bending can be mostly recovered after removing the Al2O3 layer, concurring that the introduction of ultrathin Al2O3 is the main reason for the surface band-bending modulation.

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24

E, Da-xin, Hua-hui He, Xiao-yi Liu, and Ru-xin Ning. "Spring-back deformation in tube bending." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 16, no. 2 (April 2009): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1674-4799(09)60030-3.

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25

Veyrat, Louis, Fabrice Iacovella, Joseph Dufouleur, Christian Nowka, Hannes Funke, Ming Yang, Walter Escoffier, et al. "Band Bending Inversion in Bi2Se3 Nanostructures." Nano Letters 15, no. 11 (October 26, 2015): 7503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03124.

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26

Park, S., T. U. Kampen, D. R. T. Zahn, and W. Braun. "Organic probe for inhomogeneous band bending." Applied Physics Letters 76, no. 22 (May 29, 2000): 3200–3202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126628.

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Krug, Roberto Costa, Marcelo Faria Silva, Ottmar V. Lipp, Peter B. O’Sullivan, Rosicler Almeida, Ian Sulzbacher Peroni, and J. P. Caneiro. "An investigation of implicit bias about bending and lifting." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 22, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2021-0145.

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Abstract Objectives Previous studies in a high-income country have demonstrated that people with and without low back pain (LBP) have an implicit bias that bending and lifting with a flexed lumbar spine is dangerous. These studies present two key limitations: use of a single group per study; people who recovered from back pain were not studied. Our aims were to evaluate: implicit biases between back posture and safety related to bending and lifting in people who are pain-free, have a history of LBP or have current LBP in a middle-income country, and to explore correlations between implicit and explicit measures within groups. Methods Exploratory cross-sectional study including 174 participants (63 pain-free, 57 with history of LBP and 54 with current LBP). Implicit biases between back posture and safety related to bending and lifting were assessed with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Participants completed paper-based (Bending Safety Belief [BSB]) and online questionnaires (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire). Results Participants displayed significant implicit bias between images of round-back bending and lifting and words representing “danger” (IATD-SCORE: Pain-free group: 0.56 (IQR=0.31–0.91; 95% CI [0.47, 0.68]); history of LBP group: 0.57 (IQR=0.34–0.84; 95% CI [0.47, 0.67]); current LBP group: 0.56 (IQR=0.24–0.80; 95% CI [0.39, 0.64])). Explicit measures revealed participants hold unhelpful beliefs about the back, perceiving round-back bending and lifting as dangerous (BSBthermometer: Pain-free group: 8 (IQR=7–10; 95% CI [7.5, 8.5]); history of LBP group: 8 (IQR=7–10; 95% CI [7.5, 9.0]); current LBP group: 8.5 (IQR=6.75–10; [7.5, 9.0])). There was no correlation between implicit and explicit measures within the groups. Conclusions In a middle-income country, people with and without LBP, and those who recovered from LBP have an implicit bias that round-back bending and lifting is dangerous.

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Radin Umar, Radin Zaid, Muhammad Naqiuddin Khafiz, Nazreen Abdullasim, Fatin Ayuni Mohd Azli Lee, and Nadiah Ahmad. "THE EFFECT OF TRANSFER DISTANCE TO LOWER BACK TWISTING AND BENDING PATTERNS IN MANUAL TRANSFER TASK." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14559.

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Manual material handling (MMH) activities utilize human’s effort with minimal aid from mechanical devices. MMH is typically associated with poor lower back posture which can lead to lower back injury. The likelihood to develop musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) increases when poor working posture exist in combination with repetition and/or forceful exertion. In manual transfer activity, the distance between lifting origin and destination could affect workers’ exposure on poor lower back working posture. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of transfer distance to lower back twisting and bending pattern in manual transfer activity. Positional body joints data of 26 male subjects were captured using the combination of motion capture (MOCAP) system with MVN studio software. Calculated data were plotted against time to track subjects’ lower back twisting and bending behavior. In general, longer the transfer distance would result in smaller twisting angle but higher bending angle. Statistical analysis in this study suggests 0.75m to 1.00m as the optimum transfer distance to balance lower back twisting and bending exposure on workers. This study is envisioned to provide insights for practitioners to consider space requirements for MMH activity to minimize lower back twisting and bending, and consequently the development of MSDs.

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29

GUPTA, RAJ K., SHAM S. MALIK, J. S. BATRA, PETER O. HESS, and WERNER SCHEID. "PHENOMENOLOGY OF NUCLEI AT VERY HIGH ANGULAR MOMENTA USING PARAMETRIZED TWO-CENTER NUCLEAR SHAPES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 04, no. 04 (December 1995): 789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301395000262.

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The nuclear shapes and variation of moment of inertia with angular momentum, as well as the limiting angular momentum carried by a nucleus at its fissioning stage, are derived from the observed data of the ground-state yrast band and quadrupole deformations of these states. The necking-in of the nuclear shapes are shown to start already at J*~14+−18+. The empirical variation of moment of inertia with angular momentum is found to include the back-bending and forward-bending effects and supports the nuclear softness model of the nucleus. The fission of nuclei is shown to occur at very high angular momenta, which is different for different nuclei. The role of deformation energy is analyzed and the possibility of predicting the quadrupole deformations, or B(E2) transitions, for very high spin states is discussed. The calculations are presented for 156Dy, 158Er, and 164Hf.

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30

Shinkin, Vladimir N. "Plastic Twisting of Erect Metal Roller." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.487.

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The twisting of an erect round metal roller (beam, roll) has a place in many metallurgical processes. For example, in the rolls of a wide-band mill at rolling of metal slab, in the leading rolls of flattening machines, in the asymmetric three-roll machines at bending of metal sheet, and so on. Under the large external torques in an erect metal roll, the plastic deformations can occur, which lead to the large residual stresses after an unloading of round roll. These residual stresses can bend the axis of the roll or cause it to a collapse under the subsequent loads. To estimate the value of residual stresses, it is necessary to know the spring-back factor of roll at a twisting. In this article, we have obtained the spring-back factor of the erect roll under a twisting.

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31

Park, Cheolmin, Seung-Mo Lee, and Won Seok Chang. "Carrier transport behaviors depending on the two orthogonally directional energy bands in the ZnO nanofilm affected by oxygen plasma." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 37 (2016): 26184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04391g.

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Carrier transport behaviors in the ZnO nanofilm depend on the two orthogonally directional energy band structures (surface band bending in the surface layer and localized energy bending at the grain boundary).

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32

Purwantono, Purwantono, Nelvi Erizon, Nofri Helmi, Muhammad Akhbar, and Muhibuddin Muhibuddin. "Effect of Spring Back on Formation Process of Sheet Metal Bending Plates." Teknomekanik 3, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/tm.v3i1.5872.

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This study aims to observe the amount of deviation that occurs due to the influence of spring back on the forming process. spring back in question is the back force when the plate undergoes a forming process, but when the load is released, the plate condition will reverse or return to its initial condition. This reversal is due to the factor of the elasticity of the material that is owned. Other factors that influence the bending process include thickness, width, angle of bending and others. object of this research is a sheet metal plate with a thickness of 1 mm - 4 mm. Forming process is done by bending process. This bending process is widely used in the plate forming process, namely to bend the sides of the plate to make it stiffer. This bending process is carried out in cold conditions where the process is carried out at room temperature. This research was conducted by preparing slices of the same width and length and then the process of bending them to form an angle of 20 ° to 120 °. results of this test indicate that the thicker the bent material has the tendency to produce small deviations. This means that the value of the spring back ratio also decreases. The value of the spring back ratio in this study ranges from 1% to 9%. This means that if the bending process is carried out on a steel plate with the resulting bending angle of 90 °, the bending angle of the shoe must be more than 90 °, the excess is 1 ° - 9 °. So that when the load is released, the position of the susdut bends closer to 90 °.

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33

Huda, Muhammad Hafid, Sarjito Jokosisworo, and Hartono Yudo. "Analisa Pengaruh Pengelasan TIG Dan MIG Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Bending Pada Sambungan Pelat Alumunium 5083." Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 14, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kpl.v14i1.14569.

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Proses pengelasan yang di lakukan pada material aluminium 5083 yang banyak di gunakan pada industri perkapalan yang khususnya digunakan pada bagian konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan antara pengelasan TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) dan MIG (Metal Iert Gas). Pengelasan ini dilakukan pada aluminium 5083 dengan jenis pengelasan TIG dan MIG dan jenis sambungan pengelasan single v butt joint 60o, dengan kekuatan arus sama yakni 200 A. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada pengujian tarik tingkat kekuatan pengelasan TIG lebih baik dan lebih optimal dibandingkan dengan pengelasan MIG. Pada pengujian bending jenis pengelasan MIG lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jenis pengelasan TIG. Pada arus yang sama yaitu 200 A memberikan kekuatan tarik yang lebih optimal dan lebih baik pada jenis pengelasan TIG. Sedangkan untuk pengujian bending dengan perlakuan yang sama menghasilkan tegangan lentur yang lebih tinggi pada pengelasan MIG dibandingkan dengan pengelasan TIG.

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34

Pritima, D., P. Padmanabhan, and M. Ravichandran. "Properties and bending behavior of Nickel coated Mild steel sheet during air bending." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13, no. 11 (March 10, 2017): 5991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i11.5865.

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Springback refers to the elastic recovery which subject to a geometrical change when the metal undergoes deformation during the forming process. The experimental investigation of this paper is focused to analyze the behavior of spring back of nickel coated mild steel (NCMS) sheets during the air bending process. The hardeness and surface roughness was measured after coating. Experimental investigation have been conducted to resolve the influence of control parameters such as Orientations (Î¸), Width of the sheet (Ws), Punch travel (Tp), Holding time (Ht) and Punch Velocity (v) on spring back behavior. As a results, the incraese in Orientations, Width of the sheet, Punch travel andd Punch Velocity incraese the springback angle.

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35

Kukhar, Volodymyr, Mykyta Nahnibeda, and Oleksii Radushev. "Spring-back effect during multi-pass bending of sheet blanks." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 01066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913501066.

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A significant factor, which leads to the discrepancy of the final sizes of the bent sheet parts to their drawings is the springing of the sheet blank during bending. At the same time, the springing during multi-pass bending is not sufficiently studied. The purpose of the work is to obtain the graphical and mathematical dependencies for descriptions of the resultative spring-back angle of the blanks at the multi-pass bending, taking into account the width of the blank, number of passes, and pre-bending angle at each preliminary pass. The paper describes the basic information about the difference between the spring-back angle for one-pass or multi-pass bending. In the course of the study it is shown that during calculations of forming and preventive prediction of the geometric quality of bending shapes it is necessary to take into account properties of the blank material, as well as the angles of the prebends and the width to thickness ratio of the blank. A methodology of experimental research was developed for determining the spring-back angle during multi-pass bending in three bending dies with 109°, 91° and 72° pass-by-pass reducing angles.

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36

Huang, Hua Gui, Xiao Kai Liu, and Zhan Zhe Zhang. "Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis on Steel Pipe Rotary-Draw Bending Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.547.

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With non-linear elastic-plastic finite element method, the numerical simulation of the steel pipe rotary-drawing bending process is carried out, and the forming mechanism and spring-back phenomenon of rotary-draw bending is analyzed. Aiming at the phenomenon of pipe collapse deformation, a mandrel is used and it makes the bending process. The simulation results show that using mandrel could avoid collapse appearing in deformation area, reducing contact friction coefficient will help to improve wall thickness uniformity, and increasing the angle of rotary-draw bending will aggravate the amount of spring-back.

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37

Alba, Gonzalo, David Eon, M. Pilar Villar, Rodrigo Alcántara, Gauthier Chicot, Jesús Cañas, Juliette Letellier, Julien Pernot, and Daniel Araujo. "H-Terminated Diamond Surface Band Bending Characterization by Angle-Resolved XPS." Surfaces 3, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces3010007.

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Concerning diamond-based electronic devices, the H-terminated diamond surface is one of the most used terminations as it can be obtained directly by using H2 plasma, which also is a key step for diamond growth by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The resultant surfaces present a p-type surface conductive layer with interest in power electronic applications. However, the mechanism for this behavior is still under discussion. Upward band bending due to surface transfer doping is the most accepted model, but has not been experimentally probed as of yet. Recently, a downward band bending very near the surface due to shallow acceptors has been proposed to coexist with surface transfer doping, explaining most of the observed phenomena. In this work, a new approach to the measurement of band bending by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) is proposed. Based on this new interpretation, a downward band bending of 0.67 eV extended over 0.5 nm was evidenced on a (100) H-terminated diamond surface.

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38

Gupta, Tilak Raj, Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu, and Hoshiyar Singh Payal. "Spring back in air bending of CRCS." International Journal of Precision Technology 9, no. 4 (2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijptech.2020.112692.

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39

Zong-Wu, Deng, Guo Wei-Min, Liu Huan-Ming, and Cao Li-Li. "Band Bending of Cleaved InP(110) Surface." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 15, no. 04 (1999): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb19990404.

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40

Zong-Wu, Deng, Guo Wei-Min, Liu Huan-Ming, and Cao Li-Li. "Band Bending of Cleaved GaAs(100) Surface." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 15, no. 06 (1999): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb19990609.

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41

Shinmura, Yusuke, Tadashi Yoshioka, Toshihiko Kaji, and Masahiro Hiramoto. "Mapping of band-bending for doped C60films." Applied Physics Express 7, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 071601. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/apex.7.071601.

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42

Matsuura, Hideharu. "Calculation of band bending in ferroelectric semiconductor." New Journal of Physics 2 (April 20, 2000): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/2/1/008.

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43

Geurts, J., E. E. Latta, and B. Reihl. "Radiation-induced band bending on GaAs(110)." Surface Science 211-212 (April 1989): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(89)90815-7.

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44

Geurts, J., E. E. Latta, and B. Reihl. "Radiation-induced band bending on GaAs(110)." Surface Science Letters 211-212 (April 1989): A134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(89)90363-0.

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45

van Welzenis, R. G., and E. J. D. Vredenbregt. "Band bending at the InSbCdTe interface." Solid-State Electronics 28, no. 11 (November 1985): 1057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(85)90185-6.

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46

Gupta, Tilak Raj, Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu, and Hoshiyar Singh Payal. "Spring back in air bending of CRCS." International Journal of Precision Technology 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijptech.2020.10030783.

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47

Narita, Kengo, Mitsuo Niinomi, Masaaki Nakai, Toshikazu Akahori, Harumi Tsutsumi, and Kazuya Oribe. "Bending Fatigue and Spring Back Properties of Implant Rods Made of β-Type Titanium Alloy for Spinal Fixture." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.400.

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Implanting a spinal fixture using metallic rods is one of the effective treatments for spinal diseases. Because cyclic bending stress is loaded on the implant rods when patients move their upper bodies in daily life, bending fatigue properties are important for the implant rod. Further, the implant rods are bended plastically into a curved shape of spine by hand in a surgical operation. In that case, keeping shape is important, namely bending spring back properties are important factors. On the other hand, a biomedical β-type titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (mass %) alloy (TNTZ), has been developed by the authors. Currently, this alloy are investigated to be applied to the above mentioned implant rod practically. Therefore, four-point bending fatigue and three point-bending spring back properties of TNTZ subjected various heat treatments were examined in this study. TNTZ rods were subjected to solution treatment, and then some of them were subjected to aging treatment at 673 K or 723 K for 259.2 ks, followed by water quenching. Then, four-point bending fatigue and three-point bending spring back tests were carried out on TNTZ rods subjected to the various heat treatments mentioned above. The bending fatigue strength at 2.5 million cycles in the high cycle fatigue region are not much different among any TNTZ rod. However, the bending fatigue strength of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Ti64) rod exceeds the fatigue strengths of every TNTZ rods in both low and high cycle fatigue regions. On the other hand, the lower spring back, which is a favorable property, was obtained for some TNTZ rod than Ti64 rod.

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48

Wang, R. Z., B. Wang, H. Wang, H. Zhou, A. P. Huang, M. K. Zhu, H. Yan, and X. H. Yan. "Band bending mechanism for field emission in wide-band gap semiconductors." Applied Physics Letters 81, no. 15 (October 7, 2002): 2782–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1511809.

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49

Murray, Clifford, Camiel van Efferen, Wouter Jolie, Jeison Antonio Fischer, Joshua Hall, Achim Rosch, Arkady V. Krasheninnikov, Hannu-Pekka Komsa, and Thomas Michely. "Band Bending and Valence Band Quantization at Line Defects in MoS2." ACS Nano 14, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 9176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c04945.

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50

Phanitwong, Wiriyakorn, Arkarapon Sontamino, and Sutasn Thipprakmas. "Effects of Part Geometry on Spring-Back/Spring-Go Feature in U-Bending Process." Key Engineering Materials 549 (April 2013): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.549.100.

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The U-bending process is a common sheet-metal forming process widely employed to fabricate sheet parts like channels, beams, and frames of various sizes applied in almost all industrial fields. In recent years, the precision requirements are increased on the U-bent parts. To achieve these requirements, in this study, the effects of part geometry on the spring-back/spring-go feature including work piece length, U-channel width, punch and die radii, and work piece thickness, were investigated by using the finite element method (FEM) and laboratory experiments. The FEM simulation results clearly revealed the influence of part geometry on spring-back/spring-go feature via the changes of stress distribution analyses on the bending allowance zone, the bottom of bent part, and the U-leg of bent part. Specifically, the part geometry affected on the bending characteristic on the bending allowance zone, as well as it affected on the spring-back feature. In addition, the part geometry also affected on the formation of reversed bending characteristic on the bottom and U-leg of bent parts, as well as it affected on the spring-go feature. The bending angle could be achieved by compensating these bending and reversed bending characteristics. Therefore, to meet the required bending angle, the suitable design of part geometry was strongly considered to maintain the balancing of the bending and reversed bending characteristics. The laboratory experiments were carried out to validate the accuracy of the FEM simulation results. The FEM simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental results with reference to the bending angle and bending force.

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