Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bend loss

Academic literature on the topic 'Bend loss'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bend loss"

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Pile, David. "No bend loss." Nature Photonics 7, no. 12 (November 28, 2013): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.329.

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Shabani, Saman, Amir Abass Abedini, and Ali Mohammadtabar. "The Effect of the Pipe Bending Angle on the Pressure Losses Vane Elbow Pipes." Asian Review of Civil Engineering 8, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/tarce-2019.8.1.2287.

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Pressure loss is one of the significant parameters in designing pipe bends. In this paper, the pressure distribution and pressure losses induced by turbulent flows in a circular cross-sectioned piping elbow with or without guide vane were simulated. The flow distribution in the piping elbow was simulated by the k- model using control volume method. The main objective of this study is to characterize the effect of changing the angle of pipe bend and Reynolds number on the flow separation of single-phase turbulent flow through numerical simulation. Results were validated by other experimental results and then loss coefficient was calculated in different angles from 45 to 135-degree pipe bend in various radius ratios with or without guide vane. Despite the fact that increasing pipe angle increased the pipe bend loss coefficient, using guide vane in the pipe elbow decreased this coefficient. In the radius ratio 1.5 with one guide vane, the loss coefficient of the pipe bends decreased by 50 percent in all degrees. Results revealed that the use of two vanes in pipe bend is more effective on the reduction of elbow pressure losses. Moreover, two guide vanes can decrease loss coefficient more than 50 percent. Also, the results indicated that loss coefficient decreased by increasing Reynolds number.
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Yao, Lei, T. A. Birks, and J. C. Knight. "Low bend loss in tightly-bent fibers through adiabatic bend transitions." Optics Express 17, no. 4 (February 12, 2009): 2962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.002962.

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Waddington, D. C., and D. J. Oldham. "Noise Generation in Ventilation Systems by the Interaction of Airflow with Duct Discontinuities: Part 1 Bends." Building Acoustics 14, no. 3 (September 2007): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/135101007781998956.

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Discontinuities in air duct systems give rise to turbulence and some of this turbulence results in airflow generated noise. One potential source of flow generated noise in ducts is the presence of a bend. Various strategies are employed to reduce turbulence by smoothing the flow around a bend, such as the use of turning vanes, large radius of curvature and the associated use of splitters, and these will also affect the noise generated. Recent work on the prediction of airflow generated noise in ducts based upon pressure loss characteristics is applied to a range of bends including mitred bends, with and without turning vanes, and radiussed bends, with and without splitters. The effect of bends with different aspect ratios is also examined. An excellent collapse of measured data onto a single characteristic curve is reported for each configuration based upon standard values of pressure loss coefficients. It is suggested that these characteristic curves might form the basis for a practical prediction method.
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Sun, Tianyu, and Mingjun Xia. "Low loss modified Bezier bend waveguide." Optics Express 30, no. 7 (March 14, 2022): 10293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.452580.

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Nakajima, Kazuhide, Kotaro Saito, Yusuke Yamada, Kenji Kurokawa, Tomoya Shimizu, Chisato Fukai, and Takashi Matsui. "Holey fibers for low bend loss." Nanophotonics 2, no. 5-6 (December 16, 2013): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0030.

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AbstractBending-loss insensitive fiber (BIF) has proved an essential medium for constructing the current fiber to the home (FTTH) network. By contrast, the progress that has been made on holey fiber (HF) technologies provides us with novel possibilities including non-telecom applications. In this paper, we review recent progress on hole-assisted type BIF. A simple design consideration is overviewed. We then describe some of the properties of HAF including its mechanical reliability. Finally, we introduce some applications of HAF including to high power transmission. We show that HAF with a low bending loss has the potential for use in various future optical technologies as well as in the optical communication network.
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Faustini, L., and G. Martini. "Bend loss in single-mode fibers." Journal of Lightwave Technology 15, no. 4 (April 1997): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.566689.

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Volkov, Valentyn S., Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi, Eloise Devaux, and Thomas W. Ebbesen. "Bend loss for channel plasmon polaritons." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 14 (October 2, 2006): 143108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2358953.

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Martelli, Cicero, John Canning, Brant Gibson, and Shane Huntington. "Bend loss in structured optical fibres." Optics Express 15, no. 26 (2007): 17639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.017639.

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Argyros, Alexander, Richard Lwin, and Maryanne C. J. Large. "Bend loss in highly multimode fibres." Optics Express 16, no. 23 (October 27, 2008): 18590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.018590.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bend loss"

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Morgan, R. D. "Bend loss in monomode optical fibres." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/785.

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Jones, Steven Lee. "Single mode optical fibre bend loss modelling." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264454.

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Haran, Francis Martin. "Bend loss in buffered single-mode optical fibre." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/768.

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Li, Ying. "Impact of Macrobend Loss on the Bandwidth of Standard and Bend-Optimized Multimode Fibers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193828.

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10 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) demands faster optical sources to support high modulation rates. At the same time, the allowable margin in the 10 GbE link power budget is decreasing. This means that a 10 GbE system is unable to support as many tight bends, and it is more difficult to avoid the costly downtime that results when the allowable margin is exceeded. The recent introduction of bend-optimized (BO) multimode fiber (MMF) provides a clear solution. 850 nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and MMFs have long been the most cost effective choice for short reach premise applications. As will be shown, the combination of BO-MMF with VCSELs is even more attractive.Historically, MMF systems operating at low bit rates of 10-100 Mbps used light-emitting diodes (LED) sources, which launch nearly equal power into every fibermode. This launch is approximated by the overfilled launch (OFL), which is still used to characterize the core diameter and numerical aperture of MMF. Unlike LEDs, VCSELs typically underfill the fiber core and are better represented by an encircled flux launch (EFL). Using OFL to evaluate a VCSEL-based MMF system could therefore produce inaccurate and misleading results. A recent study [1] characterized the macrobend loss of MMF with overfilled and restricted mode offset launch conditions. In this study, the MMFs performance with an EFL is evaluated, which is a more relevant launch condition for laser transmission. The impact of both launch conditions, OFL and EFL, on MMF performance is studied and compared.We characterize macrobend losses at small bend radii and their impact on thebandwidth for both standard 50/125 um MMF and a newly introduced BO-MMF.In addition, the 10 GbE link performance is also evaluated using the IEEE link model P802.3ae3.The simulation results illustrate that both macrobend loss and bandwidth are vital to the overall optical link performance. The 10 GbE link performance of the standard fiber deteriorates with macrobends, while the bend-optimized fiber is insensitive to the deployment conditions.
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Kowalski, Elizabeth J. (Elizabeth Joan). "Miter bend loss and higher order mode content measurements in overmoded millimeter-wave transmission lines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62444.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-121).
High power applications require an accurate calculation of the losses on overmoded corrugated cylindrical transmission lines. Previous assessments of power loss on these lines have not considered beam polarization or higher order mode effects. This thesis will develop a theory of transmission that includes the effect of linearly polarized higher order modes on power loss in overmoded corrugated transmission line systems. This thesis derives the linearly polarized basis set of modes for corrugated cylindrical waveguides. These modes are used to quantify the loss in overmoded transmission line components, such as a gap in waveguide or a 900 miter bend. The dependence of the loss in the fundamental mode on the phase of higher order modes (HOMs) was investigated. In addition, the propagation of a multi-mode beam after the waveguide was quantified, and it was shown that if two modes with azimuthal (m) indices that differ by one propagate in the waveguide, the resultant centroid and the tilt angle of radiation at the guide end are related through a constant of the motion. These theoretical calculations are useful for high-power applications, such as the electron cyclotron heating in plasma fusion reactors. In addition, this thesis develops a low-power S-Parameter Response (SPR) technique to accurately measure the loss in ultra-low loss overmoded waveguide components. This technique is used to measure the loss of components manufactured to ITER (an experimental fusion reactor) specifications, operated at 170 GHz with a diameter of 63.5 mm and quarter-wavelength corrugations. The loss in a miter bend was found to be 0.022+0.08 dB. This measurement is in good agreement with theory, which predicts 0.027 dB loss per miter bend, and past measurements [18]. The SPR was used to measure the loss in a gap of waveguide and the results were in good agreement with the well-established theoretical loss due to gap, which demonstrates the accuracy of the SPR technique. For both of these measurements, a baseline analysis determined the effects of a small percentage (1-2%) of higher order modes in the system.
by Elizabeth J. Kowalski.
S.M.
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Birri, Anthony. "Investigation of the Combined Effects of Simultaneous Heating and Bending of Silica Optical Fiber." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523878305649017.

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Tomljenovic-Hanic, Snjezana, and snjezana@physics usyd edu au. "Propagation effects in optical waveguides, fibres and devices." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040921.104741.

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This thesis consist of a theoretical study of propagation effects in optical waveguides, fibres and photonic crystals, with some comparison with experiment.¶ Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction with the current view of optical components in photonic integrated circuits and issues related to the loss mechanism.¶ In Chapter 2 the characteristics of single-mode propagation and transient effects in practical square- and rectangular-core buried channel planar waveguides are quantified, assuming a cladding which is unbounded in one transverse dimension and bounded in the other. The wavelength cut-off condition for the fundamental mode is determined when the cladding index is asymmetric and composed of step-wise, uniform index regions.¶ In Chapter 3, the application of segmented reflection gratings in planar devices that can function as either a single- or two-wavelength add/drop filter is investigated and a numerical technique developed in Chapter 2 is applied to the waveguides with high extinction ratio. The role of the segmented gratings is analogous to that of a blazed grating, but they can provide a higher reflectivity level at the Bragg wavelength, eliminate back reflection into the fundamental mode and provide arbitrarily small channel spacing in the two-wavelength case.¶ Chapters 4 address the problem of bend loss in a single-mode slab waveguide. A new theoretical strategy for reducing bend loss is presented and compared to existing designs. The results obtained in this chapter are the basis for the following two chapters.¶ Chapter 5 deals with bend loss in single-mode buried channel waveguides and demonstrates that the new strategy can lead to significant bend loss reduction when compared to other strategies, and, conversely, can be used to enhance bend loss for a fixed bend radius for application to devices such as optical attenuators.¶ In Chapter 6, a novel design of a variable optical attenuator based on a bent channel waveguide is proposed, realized by applying a new strategy for bend loss control in a polymer buried channel waveguide.¶ Chapter 7 investigates effects of the additional rings in a single mode step-index fibre on bend loss. It is supported with the experimental results of Ron Bailey from Optical the Fibre Technology Centre, University in Sydney.¶ In Chapter 8, bend loss of a one-dimensional photonic crystal is quantified and compared to bend loss of a standard single-mode slab waveguide and a bend-resistant waveguide.¶
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hansel, chase. "MAPPING OF PRESSURE LOSSES THROUGH MICROCHANNELS WITH SWEEPING-BENDS OF VARIOUS ANGLE AND RADII." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3382.

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MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) have received a great deal of attention in both the research and industrial sectors in recent decades. The broad MEMS category, microfluidics, the study of fluid flow through channels measured on the micrometer scale, plays an important role in devices such as compact heat exchangers, chemical and biological sensors, and lab-on-a-chip devices. Most of the research has been focused on how entire systems operate, both experimentally and through simulation. This paper strives, systematically, to map them through experimentation of the previous to untested realm of pressure loss through laminar square-profile sweeping-bend microchannels. Channels were fabricated in silicone and designed so a transducer could detect static pressure across a very specific length of channel with a desired bend. A wide variety of Reynolds numbers, bend radii, and bend angles were repeatedly tested over long periods in order to acquire a complete picture of pressure loss with in the domain of experimentation. Nearly all situations tested were adequately captured with the exception of some very low loss points that were too small to detect accurately. The bends were found to match laminar straight-duct theory at Reynolds numbers below 30. As Reynolds numbers increased, however, minor losses began to build and the total pressure loss across the bend rose above straight-duct predictions. A new loss coefficient equation was produced that properly predicted pressure losses for sweeping-bends at higher Reynolds numbers; while lower flow ranges are left to laminar flow loss for prediction.
M.S.M.E.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering MSME
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Kunene, Thokozani Justin. "Determination of the head loss coefficient of closely spaced pipe bends." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2519.

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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Space limitation in ships and the complex pipe layouts in chemical, mineral and food processing plants lead to the employment of closely spaced bends. The limited information regarding the head loss coefficient of pipe bends orientated as bend-spacer-bend has led pipeline designers to treat them as isolated bends with the same loss coefficient. Thus, to calculate the head loss in the piping system would simply involve summing the head loss coefficient of bends and neglecting their configuration. This practice causes inaccurate computation of head losses in the system. In this study a computational model is developed for the head loss coefficient of closely spaced pipe bends. This is then supported by experimental verification. A more accurate but still simple and easy to use empirical correlation is derived. The empirical correlation is established and the data presented under isothermal conditions for turbulent flows in a range 7.3x104 ≤ Re ≤ 5.8x105 and a spacing ratio of 1D ≤ L/d ≤ 10Dand curvature ratio of 3 ≤ rc/d ≤ 5. Using ANSYS® CFX® 11, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package, the fluid domain representing two 900 smooth pipe bends separated by a short pipe was solved and the mechanisms causing the head loss coefficient were explored by using the CFD results to visualise the fluid flow structure/pattern. The computational model was validated by comparing the head loss coefficient of a single bend and the model was found to be sound. The experiments conducted in the built test facility using smooth pipes showed similarities in the trends between the CFD work and the published data and they were to be found have a similar trend. The experiment had shown results that agree to the findings from literature.
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Wong, Kevan. "Studies of the quality of the intraosseous dental implant bed and of thermal effects in implant pathology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481679.

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Books on the topic "Bend loss"

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Turco, Michael J. Base flow (1966-2005) and streamflow gain and loss (2006) of the Brazos River, McLennan County to Fort Bend County, Texas. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Souza, Alcídio Mafra de. Guia dos bens tombados, Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, SC: Fundação Catarinense de Cultura, 1992.

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Les lois de l'esprit: Julien Benda ou la raison. Paris: Ithaque, 2012.

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Lost river. Newark, Nottinghamshire, England: Westlea Books, 2012.

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Stephen, Booth. Lost river: A Cooper & Fry mystery. New York, New York]: Witness Impulse, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers, 2014.

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Avudim ba-mizraḥ ha-tikhon: Ha-ṭragedyah ha-hadasah shel Bene Yisrael = Lost in the Middle East : the contemporary tragedy of the Jewish people in Israel. Ḥefah: Pardes, 2012.

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Yandell, Ben. Mostly on foot: A year in L.A. Point Reyes Station, Calif: Floating Island Publications, 1989.

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illustrateur, Tremblay Danielle 1961, ed. Ben entreprend le marché: Débrouillardise. Montréal, Québec]: MD, 2015.

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Jones, Steven Lee. Singlemode optical fibre bend loss modelling. 1998.

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Collins, Lisa Gail. Stitching Love and Loss: A Gee's Bend Quilt. University of Washington Press, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bend loss"

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Weik, Martin H. "bend loss." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 115. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1481.

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Nandwalkar, Jayant Ramesh, and Dnyandeo J. Pete. "Amelioration in Measurement of Macro Bend Loss for Optical Fiber Retrospection." In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, 417–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1002-1_43.

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Singh, Jatinder Pal, Satish Kumar, S. K. Mohapatra, and Gopal Nandan. "Experimental Design-Based Analysis on Process Parameters for Head Loss in Pipe Bend." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 379–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6416-7_36.

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Alessi, G., L. Koloszar, Tom Verstraete, and J. P. A. J. van Beeck. "Node-Based Adjoint Surface Optimization of U-Bend Duct for Pressure Loss Reduction." In Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, 61–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89890-2_5.

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Wang, Chao, Yakun Zhao, and Hongbing Ding. "Modeling and Prediction of Pressure Loss in Dilute Pneumatic Conveying System with 90° Bend." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 611–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38460-8_68.

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Wang, Chao, and Xiaomeng Sun. "Erratum to: Modeling and Prediction of Pressure Loss in Dilute Pneumatic Conveying System with 90° Bend." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, E1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38460-8_96.

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Joffe, Sharon L. "“The Little Hot-Bed of Fresco Painting”: Queen Victoria’s Garden Pavilion at Buckingham Palace." In Victoria's Lost Pavilion, 13–29. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95195-6_2.

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Cain, Tom, and Ruth Connolly. "To King Charles and Queen Mary for the loss of their first-born: an Epigram Consolatory. 1629." In The Poems of Ben Jonson, 980. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315696195-324.

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Cain, Tom, and Ruth Connolly. "An Ode to James, Earl of Desmond, writ in Queen Elizabeth's time, since lost, and recovered." In The Poems of Ben Jonson, 862–67. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315696195-286.

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Wells-Cole, Anthony. "Amalia van Solm’s Lost Japanese Lacquer Bed-Rail: Form and Decoration." In Investigation and Conservation of East Asian Cabinets in Imperial Residences (1700-1900), 41–52. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205201922-003.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bend loss"

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Yao, Lei, T. A. Birks, and J. C. Knight. "Low Bend Loss in Tightly-Bent Optical Fibers through Adiabatic Bend Transitions." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2009.jthe72.

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Cheng-Ling Changa, Alex Pereza, and Wei-Chih Wang. "Fiberoptic bend loss viscometer." In LEOS 2008 - 21st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leos.2008.4688513.

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Imao, Shigeki. "Bend Loss Coefficient of Drag-Reducing Surfactant Solution." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45767.

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In this study, an effect of an additive on a bend loss was examined. Measurements of pressure distributions along pipes connected to pipe bends were performed using a drag-reducing surfactant solution. The additive used is being commercialized as a drag reducer and it has a non-degrading or rapidly repairable nature. Dimensions of the apparatus are pipe diameters d = 5, 10, 15 mm, radius ratios R/r = 20, 40, 60, 100, and a bend angle θ = 180 degree. It has been confirmed that total bend loss coefficients for water can be expressed by the equation deduced by Ito. When the surfactant solution is used, remarkable drag reduction was recognized in the inlet and the exit straight pipes. Pressure recovery length for the surfactant solution after the passage of the bend is longer than that for water. The curve of total bend loss coefficients for the surfactant solution intersects that for water. The former is larger than the latter at low Reynolds number and is smaller at high Reynolds number. The coefficients don’t depend on the pipe diameter but they depend on the radius ratio. It is shown that total bend loss coefficients for the surfactant solution can be expressed by a single curve and the empirical formula is deduced.
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Bickham, Scott R., G. Scott Glaesemann, Yin Shu, and Garth W. Scannell. "Reliability and Bend Loss of Optical Fibers in Tight Bend Applications." In 2021 IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan (ICSJ). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsj52620.2021.9648876.

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Hu, Jing, and Daoxin Dai. "Low-loss bend-bend coupler for Si-based ultra-small microrings resonator." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acp.2009.fp6.

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Donlagic, Denis, Borut Lenardic, and Saeed Rehman. "Bend insensitive multimode fibers with extreme bend loss tolerance and high bandwidth." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Alex A. Kazemi, Nicolas Javahiraly, Allen S. Panahi, Simon Thibault, and Bernard C. Kress. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.921407.

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Fedorchenko, Alexander I., Zdenek Travnicek, Cheng-Ling Chang, and Wei-Chih Wang. "Viscosity measurement using fiber bend loss sensor." In 2012 International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isot.2012.6403239.

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Avila, Luis F., Enver F. Chillcce, and Luiz C. Barbosa. "Bend loss insensitive all-solid optical fiber." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Shibin Jiang, Michel J. F. Digonnet, and J. Christopher Dries. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.909006.

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Ng, S., S. Abdalla, B. Syrett, P. Barrios, A. Delâge, I. Golub, S. Janz, and W. R. McKinnon. "Fast bend loss attenuator using carrier injection." In Integrated Photonics Research and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipra.2005.iwa5.

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Arriola, A., S. Gross, N. Jovanovic, N. Charles, P. G. Tuthill, S. M. Olaizola, A. Fuerbach, and M. J. Withford. "Fabrication of ultra-low bend loss optical waveguides." In 2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801562.

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Reports on the topic "Bend loss"

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Callata Salazar, Arturo. Los Huesos y Escamas de los Peces del Beni: Investigación Cuantitativa de la Anatomía ósea y Escamas de Especies de Peces del Departamento del Beni para las Cuencas de los Ríos Mamoré, Beni e Iténez / Fish Bones and Scales of Beni River Fish: Quantitative research on the Fish anatomy (Bones and scales) of Specimens from the Beni Department for the Mamoré, Beni, and Iténez River Basins. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2022.report.45079.

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Freiría, Heber, Alejandro Nin Pratt, and Gonzalo Muñoz. Productividad y eficiencia en la producción ganadera pastoril en América Latina: Los casos de Bolivia y Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003150.

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El estudio examina el desempeño de la producción ganadera en Bolivia y Colombia. Se trata de dos ganaderías con diferente trayectoria, madurez tecnológica, y desempeño productivo, y que tienen en común la existencia de “frontera agrícola”, es decir, cambios de uso del suelo que permiten incorporar tierras de pastoreo a la ganadería, a partir de bosques. En el caso de Bolivia, el estudio se limitó a la región oriental, compuesta por los departamentos de Beni y Santa Cruz, que concentra la mayor parte del inventario ganadero del país. Beni, el departamento tradicionalmente ganadero, muestra estancamiento en el período, en lo que respecta al inventario ganadero y la productividad. No han existido inversiones ni cambio técnico importantes en materia de alimentación y manejo del ganado. En Santa Cruz se ha producido un incremento importante de la producción en la primera mitad del período, con aumentos de productividad basados en el cambio técnico. Este cambio técnico se asocia a la implantación de pasturas, a partir de cambios en el uso del suelo. El crecimiento observado en Santa Cruz, en la primera mitad del período (hasta 2012) se detiene a partir de ese año, y la productividad de los factores decrece, dando como resultado un aumento de productividad casi nulo en el total del período analizado. El cambio técnico operado, basado en un modelo de cambio de uso del suelo con siembra de pastos, en competencia por la tierra con soja y otros cultivos, mostró su potencial de generar crecimiento, pero no fue capaz de sostenerlo. La ganadería colombiana muestra un importante incremento de producción en el período analizado. Puesto que los factores de producción (básicamente tierra e inventario ganadero), se incrementan en menor proporción, se verifica un considerable incremento en la productividad de los factores. Existe heterogeneidad en el desempeño entre rubros y regiones. La ganadería de leche es muy importante en Colombia, y predomina en regiones de trópico alto, relativamente maduras en tecnología. Al analizar la evolución de la productividad de los factores, sin embargo, la tasa de crecimiento es mayor en las regiones en que predomina la ganadería de carne. Incluso se verifica cierta sustitución entre rubros, con avance de la producción de carne en todas las regiones. El crecimiento se asocia a mejoras en nutrición del ganado, por siembra de pastos, y en menor medida suministro de suplementos. El diferente comportamiento de los rubros se refleja en su diferente capacidad de competir ante la producción importada, en la medida que la protección se reduce en el marco de los acuerdos comerciales suscritos por el país. La producción ganadera pastoril tiene a su vez implicancias ambientales Los análisis realizados en este estudio, muestran que una variable determinante de la intensidad de emisiones es la productividad de los factores. Debido a esto, la ganadería colombiana presenta menores intensidades de emisión, y con reducción a tasas mayores que las del oriente boliviano. Otro aspecto decisivo en el balance de GEI está dado por los cambios en uso del suelo asociados a la ganadería. Si la producción ganadera que reemplaza bosques no lo hace con alta productividad, el balance resultante afectará en mayor medida el desempeño ambiental de la ganadería de los países.
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3

Bradford, Joe, Itzhak Shainberg, and Lloyd Norton. Effect of Soil Properties and Water Quality on Concentrated Flow Erosion (Rills, Ephermal Gullies and Pipes). United States Department of Agriculture, November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613040.bard.

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Concentrated flow erosion in rills, pipes, ephermal gullies, and gullies is a major contributor of downstream sedimentation. When rill or gullies form in a landscape, a 3- to 5-fold increase in soil loss commonly occurs. The balance between the erosive power of the flow and the erosion resistance of the bed material determines the rate of concentrated flow erosion. The resistance of the bed material to detachment depends primarily on the magnitude of the interparticle forces or cohesion holding the particles and aggregates together. The effect of soil properties on bed material resistance and concentrated flow erosion was evaluated both in the laboratory and field. Both rill erodibility and critical hydraulic shear were greater when measured in 9.0 m long rills under field conditions compared with laboratory mini-flumes. A greater hydraulic shear was required to initiate erosion in the field compared to the mini-flume because of the greater aggregate and clod size and stability. Once erosion was initiated, however, the rate of erosion as a function of hydraulic shear was greater under field conditions because of the greater potential for slaking upon wetting and the greater soil surface area exposed to hydraulic shear. Erosion tests under controlled laboratory conditions with the mini-flume allowed individual soil variables to be studied. Attempts to relate rill erosion to a group soil properties had limited success. When individual soil properties were isolated and studied separately or grouped separately, some trends were identified. For example, the effect of organic carbon on rill erodibility was high in kaolinitic soils, low in smectitic soils, and intermediate in the soils dominated by illite. Slow prewetting and aging increased the cohesion forces between soil particles and decreased rill erodibility. Quick prewetting increased aggregate slaking and increased erodibility. The magnitude of the effect of aging depended upon soil type. The effect of clay mineralogy was evaluated on sand/clay mixtures with montmorillonite (M), Illite (I), and kaolinite (K) clays. Montmorillonite/sand mixtures were much less erodible than either illite or kaolonite sand mixtures. Na-I and Na-K sand mixtures were more erodible than Ca-I and Ca-K due to increased strength from ionic bonding and suppression of repulsive charges by Ca. Na-M was less erodiblethan Ca-M due to increased surface resulting from the accessibility of internal surfaces due to Na saturation. Erodibility decreased when salt concentration was high enough to cause flocculation. This occurred between 0.001 mole L-1 and 0.01 mole L-1. Measuring rill erodibility in mini-flumes enables the measurement of cohesive forces between particles and enhances our ability to learn more about cohesive forces resisting soil detachment under concentrated water flow.
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4

Nechaev, V., Володимир Миколайович Соловйов, and A. Nagibas. Complex economic systems structural organization modelling. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1118.

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One of the well-known results of the theory of management is the fact, that multi-stage hierarchical organization of management is unstable. Hence, the ideas expressed in a number of works by Don Tapscott on advantages of network organization of businesses over vertically integrated ones is clear. While studying the basic tendencies of business organization in the conditions of globalization, computerization and internetization of the society and the results of the financial activities of the well-known companies, the authors arrive at the conclusion, that such companies, as IBM, Boeing, Mercedes-Benz and some others companies have not been engaged in their traditional business for a long time. Their partner networks performs this function instead of them. The companies themselves perform the function of system integrators. The Tapscott’s idea finds its confirmation within the framework of a new powerful direction of the development of the modern interdisciplinary science – the theory of the complex networks (CN) [2]. CN-s are multifractal objects, the loss of multifractality being the indicator of the system transition from more complex state into more simple state. We tested the multifractal properties of the data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach in order to analyze scaling properties of our company. Comparative analysis of the singularity spectrumf(®), namely, the difference between maximum and minimum values of ® (∆ = ®max ¡ ®min) shows that IBM company is considerably more fractal in comparison with Apple Computer. Really, for it the value of ∆ is equal to 0.3, while for the vertically integrated company Apple it only makes 0.06 – 5 times less. The comparison of other companies shows that this dependence is of general character. Taking into consideration the fact that network organization of business has become dominant in the last 5-10 years, we carried out research for the selected companies in the earliest possible period of time which was determined by the availability of data in the Internet, or by historically later beginning of stock trade of computer companies. A singularity spectrum of the first group of companies turned out to be considerably narrower, or shifted toward the smaller values of ® in the pre-network period. The latter means that dynamic series were antipersistant. That is, these companies‘ management was rigidly controlled while the impact of market mechanisms was minimized. In the second group of companies if even the situation did changed it did not change for the better. In addition, we discuss applications to the construction of portfolios of stock that have a stable ratio of risk to return.
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5

Comparison of tracer-dilution and current-meter discharge measurements in a small gravel-bed stream, Little Lost Man Creek, California. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri894150.

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