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Journal articles on the topic 'Below ground'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Magnusson, R. S. "Euthanasia: above ground, below ground." Journal of Medical Ethics 30, no. 5 (October 1, 2004): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2003.005090.

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2

Appell, David. "Ground Below Zero." Scientific American 287, no. 1 (July 2002): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0702-22.

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3

Goldin, Tamara. "India's drought below ground." Nature Geoscience 9, no. 2 (February 2016): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2648.

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4

LENEL, U. R. "TRIBOLOGY GOES BELOW GROUND." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 39, no. 1 (January 1987): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb053341.

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5

Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY: Battles Below Ground." Science 298, no. 5594 (October 25, 2002): 707a—707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.298.5594.707a.

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6

Eissenstat, D. M., X. Huang, and A. N. Lakso. "MODELING CARBON ALLOCATION BELOW GROUND." Acta Horticulturae, no. 707 (April 2006): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.707.17.

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7

Hopkins, David W., Elizabeth A. Webster, Wout Boerjan, Gilles Pilate, and Claire Halpin. "Genetically modified lignin below ground." Nature Biotechnology 25, no. 2 (February 2007): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0207-168.

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8

White, Philip J., and J. Alun W. Morgan. "Preface to Below Ground Processes." Journal of Experimental Botany 56, no. 417 (July 1, 2005): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eri193.

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9

Reitstetter, Raven, and Rittenhouse Larry R. "Cheatgrass Invasion - The Below-Ground Connection." Journal of Environment and Ecology 8, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v8i1.10536.

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Plant-soil microbial feedback loops play an important role in the establishment and development of plant communities. Microbial soil communities, including pathogens, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their reciprocal interactions, can influence plant health and nutrient cycling in many ways. We are proposing a model that accounts for cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion success and long-term persistence in both disturbed and undisturbed sites. In this model cheatgrass alters soil microbial communities that favor nitrifying microorganisms, resulting in elevated NO3- levels. Increased NO3- levels, coupled with B. tectorum life history and climatic and edaphic conditions in the semi-arid western U.S., result in long-term persistence of this invasive annual. In ecosystems that lack major precipitation during the growth season, B. tectorum induced shifts in the nitrifier community result in accumulation of plant available nitrogen during the summer when native perennials are primarily dormant. Increased NO3- levels can be efficiently utilized by cheatgrass ahead of native perennials during fall and winter. Restoration and management efforts must be guided by a thorough understanding of soil microbe-cheatgrass interactions to avoid nutrient flushes resulting from freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles that benefit this invasive grass.
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10

Bengough, A. G., and P. J. White. "Plant Responses to Below-Ground Stresses." Journal of Experimental Botany 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): e1-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq337.

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11

Wilson, Scott D. "Below-ground opportunities in vegetation science." Journal of Vegetation Science 25, no. 5 (February 20, 2014): 1117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12168.

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12

Lehmann, Johannes, Inka Peter, Claudia Steglich, Gerhard Gebauer, Bernd Huwe, and Wolfgang Zech. "Below-ground interactions in dryland agroforestry." Forest Ecology and Management 111, no. 2-3 (December 1998): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00322-3.

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13

Palmer, Nathan A., Aaron J. Saathoff, Erin D. Scully, Christian M. Tobias, Paul Twigg, Soundararajan Madhavan, Marty Schmer, et al. "Seasonal below‐ground metabolism in switchgrass." Plant Journal 92, no. 6 (November 27, 2017): 1059–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13742.

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14

Hawlena, Dror, and Moshe Zaguri. "Fear and below-ground food-webs." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 102 (November 2016): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.06.019.

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15

Mihalakakou, G., M. Santamouris, D. Asimakopoulos, and A. Argiriou. "On the ground temperature below buildings." Solar Energy 55, no. 5 (November 1995): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(95)00060-5.

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16

de Ruiter, Peter C. "Ecosystem structures above and below ground." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 12 (December 2002): 584–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02594-6.

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17

Smith, Paul. "Geometric Renormalization Below the Ground State." International Mathematics Research Notices 2012, no. 16 (September 5, 2011): 3800–3844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rnr169.

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18

Mihalakakou, G. "On the ground temperature below buildings." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)89011-4.

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19

Martijn Bezemer, T., Wim H. van der Putten, Henk Martens, Tess F. J. van de Voorde, Patrick P. J. Mulder, and Olga Kostenko. "Above- and below-ground herbivory effects on below-ground plant-fungus interactions and plant-soil feedback responses." Journal of Ecology 101, no. 2 (February 22, 2013): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12045.

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20

Heggenstaller, Daniel J., Eric K. Zenner, Patrick H. Brose, and Jerilynn E. Peck. "How Much Older are Appalachian Oaks Below-Ground than Above-Ground?" Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/njaf.12-008.

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21

KATAYAMA, NOBORU, ZHI QI ZHANG, and TAKAYUKI OHGUSHI. "Community-wide effects of below-ground rhizobia on above-ground arthropods." Ecological Entomology 36, no. 1 (November 15, 2010): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01242.x.

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22

Colloff, Matt. "Communities and Ecosystems: Linking the Above-ground and Below-ground Components." Austral Ecology 29, no. 3 (June 2004): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01322.x.

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23

Kapur, Amit, and T. E. Graedel. "Copper Mines Above and Below the Ground." Environmental Science & Technology 40, no. 10 (May 2006): 3135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0626887.

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24

Wicks, Michael C., John D. Norgard, and Todd N. Cushman. "Adaptive tomographic sensors for below ground imaging." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 25, no. 5 (May 2010): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2010.5486538.

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25

Huang, Wei, Evan Siemann, Juli Carrillo, and Jianqing Ding. "Below-ground herbivory limits induction of extrafloral nectar by above-ground herbivores." Annals of Botany 115, no. 5 (February 13, 2015): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcv011.

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26

Moisan, Kay, Marcela Aragón, Gerrit Gort, Marcel Dicke, Viviane Cordovez, Jos M. Raaijmakers, and Dani Lucas‐Barbosa. "Fungal volatiles influence plant defence against above‐ground and below‐ground herbivory." Functional Ecology 34, no. 11 (September 25, 2020): 2259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13633.

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27

Mudrák, Ondřej, Markéta Hermová, Cecilie Tesnerová, Jana Rydlová, and Jan Frouz. "Above-ground and below-ground competition between the willowSalix capreaand its understorey." Journal of Vegetation Science 27, no. 1 (August 10, 2015): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12330.

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28

Conceição Castro, Marcel, Carlos Roquete, and Luís Gazarini. "Above-ground phytomass and below-ground biomass production of Salvia verbenaca Linné." Ecologia mediterranea 28, no. 2 (2002): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecmed.2002.1570.

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29

Lv, Yue, Charles Francis, Pute Wu, Xiaoli Chen, and Xining Zhao. "Maize-Soybean Intercropping Interactions Above and Below Ground." Crop Science 54, no. 3 (May 2014): 914–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2013.06.0403.

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30

FUKUI, Masami, Kousuke KATSURAYAMA, and Susumu NISHIMURA. "Dynamics of radon-222 near below ground surface." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 28, no. 10 (1986): 972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.28.972.

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31

Abramoff, Rose Z., and Adrien C. Finzi. "Are above- and below-ground phenology in sync?" New Phytologist 205, no. 3 (November 10, 2014): 1054–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.13111.

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32

Laliberté, Etienne. "Below‐ground frontiers in trait‐based plant ecology." New Phytologist 213, no. 4 (October 13, 2016): 1597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14247.

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33

Huang, Wei, Elias Zwimpfer, Maxime R. Hervé, Zoe Bont, and Matthias Erb. "Neighbourhood effects determine plant-herbivore interactions below-ground." Journal of Ecology 106, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12805.

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34

Newman, Alexandra M., Candace A. Yano, and Enrique Rubio. "Mining above and below ground: timing the transition." IIE Transactions 45, no. 8 (August 2013): 865–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0740817x.2012.722810.

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35

Ganguly, Sayantan, Abhijit Date, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Heat recovery from ground below the solar pond." Solar Energy 155 (October 2017): 1254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.068.

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36

Chupin, Lucie, Stéphanie Arnoult, Maryse Brancourt-Hulmel, Catherine Lapierre, Emilie Gineau, and Patrick Navard. "Polyethylene composites made from below-ground miscanthus biomass." Industrial Crops and Products 109 (December 2017): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.007.

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37

Kamitani, Takafumi, and Nobuhiro Kaneko. "The Earthtron facility for below-ground manipulation study." Ecological Research 21, no. 3 (December 8, 2005): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-005-0139-5.

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38

Smith, Matthew E., and Rosanne A. Healy. "Otidea subterranea sp. nov.: Otidea goes below ground." Mycological Research 113, no. 8 (August 2009): 858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2009.04.006.

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39

Ong, C. K., J. E. Corlett, R. P. Singh, and C. R. Black. "Above and below ground interactions in agroforestry systems." Forest Ecology and Management 45, no. 1-4 (November 1991): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90205-a.

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40

van der Maarel, Eddy, and Argenta Titlyanova. "Above-Ground and Below-Ground Biomass Relations in Steppes under Different Grazing Conditions." Oikos 56, no. 3 (November 1989): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3565622.

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41

Titlyanova, A. A., I. P. Romanova, N. P. Kosykh, and N. P. Mironycheva‐Tokareva. "Pattern and process in above‐ground and below‐ground components of grassland ecosystems." Journal of Vegetation Science 10, no. 3 (June 1999): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3237060.

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42

Engelkes, Tim, Elly Morriën, Koen J. F. Verhoeven, T. Martijn Bezemer, Arjen Biere, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Lauren M. McIntyre, Wil L. M. Tamis, and Wim H. van der Putten. "Successful range-expanding plants experience less above-ground and below-ground enemy impact." Nature 456, no. 7224 (November 19, 2008): 946–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07474.

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43

Zhang, Jing, Bishow Poudel, Kevin Kenworthy, Joseph Bryan Unruh, Diane Rowland, John E. Erickson, and Jason Kruse. "Drought responses of above-ground and below-ground characteristics in warm-season turfgrass." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 205, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jac.12301.

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44

Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Maja K. Sundqvist, Daniel Metcalfe, and Scott D. Wilson. "Above-Ground and Below-Ground Plant Responses to Fertilization in Two Subarctic Ecosystems." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 47, no. 4 (November 2015): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/aaar0014-085.

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45

Saintilan, N. "Above- and below-ground biomass of mangroves in a sub-tropical estuary." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 7 (1997): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97009.

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Above- and below-ground biomass of five species of mangroves was estimated for the Mary River, south-eastern Queensland. Below-ground : above-ground biomass ratios of species in the upstream reaches (Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum and Excoecaria agallocha) averaged <0.5, and those of species in the saline conditions of the mouth (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa) ranged between 0.9 and 1.5. Within the estuary mouth, above-ground biomass of Avicennia marina and Ceriops tagal decreased between frontal saline and upper-intertidal hypersaline environments, and this was reflected in the below-ground : above-ground biomass ratios, which increased to approximately 3.5 for both species.
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46

Huang, Wei, Evan Siemann, Xuefang Yang, Gregory S. Wheeler, and Jianqing Ding. "Facilitation and inhibition: changes in plant nitrogen and secondary metabolites mediate interactions between above-ground and below-ground herbivores." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1767 (September 22, 2013): 20131318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1318.

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To date, it remains unclear how herbivore-induced changes in plant primary and secondary metabolites impact above-ground and below-ground herbivore interactions. Here, we report effects of above-ground (adult) and below-ground (larval) feeding by Bikasha collaris on nitrogen and secondary chemicals in shoots and roots of Triadica sebifera to explain reciprocal above-ground and below-ground insect interactions. Plants increased root tannins with below-ground herbivory, but above-ground herbivory prevented this increase and larval survival doubled. Above-ground herbivory elevated root nitrogen, probably contributing to increased larval survival. However, plants increased foliar tannins with above-ground herbivory and below-ground herbivory amplified this increase, and adult survival decreased. As either foliar or root tannins increased, foliar flavonoids decreased, suggesting a trade-off between these chemicals. Together, these results show that plant chemicals mediate contrasting effects of conspecific larval and adult insects, whereas insects may take advantage of plant responses to facilitate their offspring performance, which may influence population dynamics.
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47

Morales-Payan, J. Pablo, and William M. Stall. "(398) Basil Competition Above and Below Ground with Livid and Smooth Amaranths." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1061D—1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1061d.

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Competition partitioning experiments were conducted to determine the extent of shoot and root interference between sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and the weeds smooth amaranth (Amaranthushybridus) and livid amaranth (A.lividus). Sweet basil and amaranths were grown for 45 days in plastic 19-L containers filled with fertilized sandy soil. The plants were grown: 1) individually (one plant per container = no interference); 2) one basil plant and one amaranth plant together in the same container (= full interference); 3) one basil plant and one amaranth plant together in the same container, training the shoots apart to avoid canopy contact (= below ground interference); or 4) basil and amaranth grown in different containers set side by side (= above ground interference). Each basil/amaranth treatment was replicated five times and the experiment was conducted twice. The effects of smooth and livid amaranths on basil yield were the same for a given type of interference (full, above ground, below ground). Full interference from amaranth reduced basil shoot yield by about 35%, as compared to the yield of basil with no interference from amaranth. The effects of above-ground and below-ground interference on basil yield were additive, but interference above ground had a greater impact (about 21% basil yield loss) than below ground interference (about 14% basil yield loss). These results show that smooth and livid amaranths may drastically reduce sweet basil shoot yield, and that amaranth interference with sweet basil occurred to a greater extent above ground than below ground.
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48

Weiner, Jacob, Daniel B. Wright, and Scott Castro. "Symmetry of Below-Ground Competition between Kochia scoparia Individuals." Oikos 79, no. 1 (May 1997): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3546093.

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49

Vengavasi, Krishnapriya, Renu Pandey, P. R. Soumya, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, and Kadambot H. M. Siddique. "Below-ground physiological processes enhancing phosphorus acquisition in plants." Plant Physiology Reports 26, no. 4 (November 3, 2021): 600–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40502-021-00627-8.

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50

Russell, CA, and IRP Fillery. "In situ 15N labelling of lupin below-ground biomass." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 7 (1996): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9961035.

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This paper describes the use of a cotton-wick method to enrich lupin plants with 15N. The method involved the insertion of a cotton thread through the stem and the submergence of the ends of the cotton thread in a solution of highly enriched 15N urea. The distribution of 15N in lupin plant components during pre-reproductive growth and pod filling. and in relation to the frequency of labelling, was determined. The recovery of applied 15N within plant tissues was close to 100% for lupins grown in solution culture, but 15N was not distributed between plant components in the proportions observed for total plant N. Stems and leaves were preferentially labelled with 15N irrespective of the phase of lupin growth when the 15N was applied. Pre-reproductive and mature lupin root biomass was depleted in 15N because of the poor assimilation of 15N within lupin nodules. More applied 15N was found in the root biomass of lupin plants that received fortnightly, compared with weekly, applications of 15N. The distribution of 15N between lupin components was reproducible when 15N-urea was wick-applied to plants of the same age. Recovery of 15N was incomplete when urea was fed to lupins grown in sand culture. Incomplete recovery of root material and loss of 15N associated with root exudates probably contributed to the lower recoveries of 15N in root material in sand compared with solution culture. The ability to manipulate the 15N solution concentration, the volume of solution fed to plants, time of application, and frequency of 15N application underscore the usefulness of the wick technique to label woody legumes with 15N.
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