Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Below ground'
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Butler, André Joseph. "Below ground functioning of tropical biomes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5048.
Full textMcQuillan, Shane. "Above and Below Ground Assessment of Pinus radiate." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9897.
Full textDaluom, Abdulhakim A. M. "Optimal Sensor Geometries for Tomographic Below Ground Imaging." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1543505143363275.
Full textClemensen, Andrea K. "Understanding Plant Secondary Metabolites; Above and Below Ground." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7090.
Full textBowes, Joshua S., Mark T. Newdigate, Pedro J. Rosario, and Davis D. Tindoll. "The enemy below: preparing ground forces for subterranean warfare." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38883.
Full textThis capstone project analyses subterranean threats in the contemporary operational environment. It identifies the doctrinal gap in the U.S. military regarding operations within tunnels, urban and natural cavities, and other underground facilities, and outlines the changes necessary to prepare ground forces to operate in these complex environments. This paper reviews historical cases spanning back over half a millennium, proposes a new typological classification system, and investigates the subterranean environment in terms of the United States Army doctrine, organization, training, matriel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities process. Additionally, it provides analysis geared toward countering subterranean threats through indirect means to include: incendiary weapons, cyber-based attacks, and military information support operations. The capstone finds that: 1) Current U.S. military doctrine does not properly prepare units for operations in subterranean environments; 2) Future conflicts will require general purpose forces to deal with subterranean threats; and 3) Understanding the use of indirect approaches is critical in the conduct of subterranean operations. This research leads to the recommendation that the Training and Doctrine Command Intelligence Support Activity recognize subterranean as an operational environment. Additionally, this capstone provides guidance to commanders and staffs to assist in pre-mission training even before the doctrinal gap is filled.
Genney, David R. "Below-ground ecology of Calluna vulgaris and Nardus stricta." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325227.
Full textPierce, Sarah. "Impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning : linking above-ground and below-ground responses." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49789.
Full textKoikkalainen, Riitta Katariina. "Influence of nitrogen on below ground dynamics in improved grasslands." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33591.
Full textNamirembe, S. "Tree shoot pruning to control competition for below-ground resources in agroforestry." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297866.
Full textOrrell, Peter. "Linking above and below-ground interactions in agro-ecosystems : an ecological network approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4102.
Full textSabtu, Nuridah. "Hydraulic interaction between the above and below ground drainage systems via gully inlets." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11506/.
Full textPillinger, Chad. "Effects of take all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) on below ground resource capture and above ground growth of winter wheat." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273261.
Full textYadav, Priyanka. "Below ground biological control in urban landscapes and assessment of factors influencing its abundance." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1332516989.
Full textKaplan, Ian. "Inducible plant responses linking above- and below-ground herbivory ecological significance and underlying mechanisms /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7779.
Full textThesis research directed by: Dept. of Entomology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Boddy, Elizabeth. "Impact of climate change on below-ground carbon storage in the Arctic and UK." Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impact-of-climate-change-on-belowground-carbon-storage-in-the-arctic-and-uk(11cf9f66-2a76-43ad-b91b-41052ac98c66).html.
Full textTwolan-Strutt, Lisa. "Competition intensity and its above- and below-ground components in two contrasting wetland plant communities." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9921.
Full textMorrow, Carl Dylan. "The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on below ground processes in fynbos and C4 ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10901.
Full textThis thesis investigated ways in which elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations influence the plant: soil interface and soil biological processes. The studies focused on microbial populations associated with the plant rhizosphere, and how these responses could feed into changes in the soil carbon pool.
Smith, Candice M. "Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus additions to a temperate hardwood forest effects on below ground processes /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344601.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 7, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 0900. Adviser: J. C. Randolph.
Weckbacher, Jason Yelderman Joe C. "Effects of recharge events below on-site wastewater drain fields as related to soil type." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5094.
Full textWilliams, Alex. "Impacts of sub-ambient and elevated CO2 on above- and below-ground microbial interactions with Arabidopsis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20547/.
Full textPeng, Qicheng. "Impact of Precipitation Variability on Above- and Below-ground Carbon Allocation of Maize (Zea Mays. L.)." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1451865331.
Full textMercado, Sofía Isabel Basto. "Soil seed banks and ecological restoration : above and below ground effects of environment, management and intraspecific variation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574481.
Full textMills, Mystyn W. "Bringing light to below ground patterns| Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi diversity along an elevation gradient in Southern California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1597781.
Full textNecessary for the diversity and survival of most terrestrial plants, arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMF) are fungi that form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with approximately 90 percent of terrestrial plant families. While the biodiversity and abundance of plants and animals have received much attention, these patterns for the belowground organisms on which they rely, such as AMF, remain poorly understood. While studies have found indications that AMF are fundamental to ecosystem structure and function, relatively few of these studies have been conducted in situ. In their ability to accommodate the complexity found in natural ecosystems, in situ studies may be vital in providing information relevant to the restoration and conservation of ecosystems. This thesis sought to explore in situ how AMF diversity and root colonization changed across ecosystems along an elevation gradient in Southern California. The findings indicate that certain soil parameters may be especially influential and that intra-species competition may play a role in AMF root colonization.
Ahmad, Aqeel. "Effect of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin on above and below ground nontarget organisms /." Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
Full textSchleip, Inga Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnyder, and Wolfgang W. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Weisser. "Carbon residence time in above-ground and below-ground biomass of a grazed grassland community / Inga Schleip. Gutachter: Wolfgang W. Weisser ; Johannes Schnyder. Betreuer: Johannes Schnyder." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036494896/34.
Full textGalambos, Istvan. "Improved understanding of performance of local controls linking the above and below ground components of urban flood flows." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4063.
Full textPickles, A. R. "The application of critical state soil mechanics to predict ground deformations below an embankment constructed on soft alluvium." Thesis, City University London, 1989. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7404/.
Full textMahieu, Stéphanie. "Assessment of the below ground contribution of field grown pea (Pisum sativum L. ) to the soil N pool." Angers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ANGE0030.
Full textIn order to use grain legumes as a means of N acquisition in cropping systems, estimates of biological N2 fixation, N balances and the N benefit for following crops need to be improved. These estimates remain unclear, mainly because of difficulties in assessing below ground N (BGN = Root N + N rhizodeposition), especially N rhizodeposition. The aim of my Ph. D. Was to adapt and refine a 15N labelling method to measure the amount of N derived from rhizodeposition by a pea and to design a protocol for field studies. Two methods (split-root and cotton-wick) and a variety of labelling conditions were tested in the field and in the greenhouse. In addition, effects of water stress, N availability and sources of N nutrition (nitrogen fixation or inorganic N uptake) on this process were investigated on different pea varieties and isolines. The labelling frequency and concentration of the labelling solution were shown to influence the assessment of N rhizodeposition. However, results obtained with both methods were reliable when plants were labelled continuously with a diluted labelling solution. The 15N cotton-wick technique was easier to adapt and monitor in the field than the split-root method and was chosen for further field studies. The results suggest that N source and water stress have no specific effect on the proportion of total plant N allocated to the below ground parts. In the field, rhizodeposition represented around 90% of the total plant N. This should be taken into account when estimating N benefits from biological N2 fixation by a grain legume crop and for the prediction of N economies for succeeding crops in legume-based cropping systems
Londoño-Flórez, Beatriz Elena. "Ultracold stable ground state RbCs molecules through photoassociation below the Rb(5s)Cs(6p 1/2) dissociation limit." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112263.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to explore theoretically, on the example of the RbCs molecule, the formation, by optical means, of heteronuclear dialkali molecules in the lowest vibrational level of the ground electronic state, starting from ultracold atom pairs. The bound spectrum and the continuum close to threshold of the ground and lowest triplet electronic states are analyzed together with the levels 0+, 0- and 1 below the Rb(5s)Cs(6p 1/2) limit. A 'universal' description of the profiles of shape resonances, valid for any diatomic molecule, points out the crucial role of the s-wave scattering length. Calculations of Franck-Condon factors (FCF) relevant to photoassociation (PA) and spontaneous radiative decay (RS) are presented, showing, in agreement with experiment, that the v=37 level of the triplet electronic state is most favorably populated after PA followed by RS. The so-called 'resonant' coupling is examined in great detail, underlying its crucial influence on PA and RS. Radiative lifetimes are systematically calculated. The FCF associated with optical two-color population transfer from the triplet v=37 level toward the absolute ground level are also calculated, showing that the path through levels of 0+ symmetry is the most efficient. The possibilities offered by femtosecond sources for the population transfer toward deeply bound levels are explored and the dynamics is analyzed, from the low field up to the high field regime. Trains of femtosecond pulses are considered. The Mapped Fourier Grid Hamiltonian method, cornerstone of this study, proves its efficiency to accurately analyze the dynamics of transition processes between bound and scattering levels
Baumer, Marilyn Cabrini. "Tree Seedling Establishment Under the Native Shrub, Asimina Triloba." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1183587955.
Full textSchmelz, Eric Alexander. "The role of phytoecdysteroids in spinach (Spinacia oleracea): Physiological responses to below ground herbivory support a plant defense hypothesis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288960.
Full textBarnes, Christopher James. "Characterizing environmental, temporal and spatial scaling of Rhizosphere fungi in bioenergy crops : and their role in below-ground carbon cycling." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/72734/.
Full textKrüger, Inken [Verfasser], and Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Borken. "Potential of above- and below-ground coarse woody debris as a carbon sink in managed and unmanaged forests / Inken Krüger. Betreuer: Werner Borken." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1060009609/34.
Full textWest, Eric. "Effects Of Both Above And Below Ground Biomass On Soil Chemical, Physical And Biological Properties On A Coastal Plain Soil In North Carolina." NCSU, 2010. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02222010-194850/.
Full textLytle, William. "Coupled Evaluation of Below- and Above-Ground Energy and Water Cycle Variables from Reanalysis Products Over Five Flux Tower Sites in the U.S." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595636.
Full textMoore, Timothy E. "The role of water and nutrient availability in determining above and below ground allocations in a C4 grass Stipagrotis ciliata desf. de Winter." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26459.
Full textMetcalfe, Daniel Benjamin. "Understanding the effects of drought upon carbon allocation and cycling in an Amazonian rain forest." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6574.
Full textShadwell, Eleanor. "Rivalry for nutrient resources : is there competition below ground between leguminous trees and grasses in a mesic and arid savanna in the Kruger National Park?" Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25558.
Full textHesford, Nicholas James. "An above and below ground approach to understanding the impacts of the cultivation and management of short rotation coppice willow on biodiversity and ecosystem processes." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707229.
Full textOtt, Emily Thomas. "Soil Genesis and Vegetation Response to Amendments and Microtopography in Two Virginia Coastal Plain Created Wetlands." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83529.
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Kho, Lip Khoon. "Carbon cycling in a Bornean tropical forest : exploring carbon allocation and cycling of tropical forest in the 52-ha Lambir Hills forest dynamics plot." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bfa1f206-97bf-4bcd-a148-521506225c90.
Full textFragoso, Variluska Verfasser], Ian T. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Baldwin, Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Oelmüller, and John G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Jelesko. "Integrating below- and above-ground signaling in Nicotiana attenuata : root oxylipins systemically regulate leaf responses to attack and increase plant resistance / Variluska Fragoso. Gutachter: Ian Thomas Baldwin ; Ralf Oelmüller ; John G. Jelesko." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1066238529/34.
Full textFragoso, Variluska [Verfasser], Ian T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Baldwin, Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Oelmüller, and John G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Jelesko. "Integrating below- and above-ground signaling in Nicotiana attenuata : root oxylipins systemically regulate leaf responses to attack and increase plant resistance / Variluska Fragoso. Gutachter: Ian Thomas Baldwin ; Ralf Oelmüller ; John G. Jelesko." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1066238529/34.
Full textSchwindt, Daniel [Verfasser], Christof [Gutachter] Kneisel, and Birgit [Gutachter] Terhorst. "Permafrost in ventilated talus slopes below the timberline - A multi-methodological study on the ground thermal regime and its impact on the temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity of permafrost at three sites in the Swiss Alps / Daniel Schwindt. Gutachter: Christof Kneisel ; Birgit Terhorst." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/111204003X/34.
Full textRozak, Andes. "Vers une meilleure estimation des stocks de carbone dans les forêts exploitées à Diptérocarpées de Bornéo." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0008/document.
Full textTropical forests are a major reservoir of biodiversity and carbon (C), playing a pivotal role in global ecosystem function and climate regulation. However, most of the tropical forests, especially Bornean forests in Southeast Asia, are under intense pressure and threatened by anthropogenic activities such as logging, mining industry, agriculture and conversion to industrial plantation. In 2010, the area of production forests in Borneo was 26.8 million ha (approx. 36% of the total land area of Borneo) including 18 million ha (approx. 24%) of logged forests. Production forests are thus emerging as a dominant land-use, playing a crucial role in trading-off provision of goods and maintenance of ecosystem services, such as C and biodiversity retention.Selective logging is known to reduce both above- and below-ground biomass through the removal of a few large trees, while increasing deadwood stocks through collateral damages. By creating large gaps in the canopy, microclimates in the understory and on the forest floor change locally speeding up the decomposition of litter and organic matter. The extent of incidental damages, canopy openness, as well as the speed of C recovery, was shown to be primarily related to logging intensity. However, empirical evaluations of the long-term effect of logging intensity on C balance in production forests remain rare.The present thesis aims to assess the long-term effect of logging intensity on C sequestration in a north Bornean Dipterocarp forests (Malinau District, North Kalimantan) logged in 1999/2000. Five main C pools, namely above-ground (AGC) and below-ground (BGC) carbon in living trees, deadwood, litter, and soil organic carbon (SOC) were estimated along a logging intensity gradient (ranging from 0 to 57% of initial biomass removed).Our result showed that total C stocks 16 years after logging, ranged from 218-554 Mg C ha-1 with an average of 314 Mg C ha-1. A difference of 95 Mg C ha-1 was found between low logging intensity (<2.1% of initial biomass lost) and high logging intensity (>19%). Most C (approx. 77%) was found in living trees, followed by soil (15%), deadwood (6%), and a minor fraction in litter (1%). The imprint of logging intensity was still detectable 16 years after logging, and logging intensity thus was the main driver explaining the reduction of AGC>20, BGC>20, deadwood, and total C stocks and an increase in deadwood. Solely, logging intensity explained 61%, 63%, 38%, and 48% of variations of AGC>20, BGC>20, deadwood, and total C stocks, respectively. Logging intensity also significantly reduced SOC stocks in the upper 30 cm layer. For total SOC stocks (0-100 cm), the negative influence of logging intensity was still perceptible, being significant in conjunction with other variables.Our results quantify the long-term effect of logging on forest C stocks, especially on AGC and deadwood. High logging intensity (50% reduction of initial biomass) reduced total C stocks by 27%. AGC recovery was lower in high logging intensity plots, suggesting lowered forest resilience to logging. Our study showed that maintaining logging intensity, below 20% of the initial biomass, limit the long-term effect of logging on AGC and deadwood stocks
Müller, Malin. "Functional workwear for miners working in the worlds largest underground mine : In what way can the future workwear for an extreme mine environment improve safety, facilitate the work flow as well as increase the comfort for workers situated more than 1045 meter below ground?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen Designhögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91808.
Full textSmith, Daniel Robert. "Soil respiration in a fire scar chronosequence of Canadian boreal jack pine forest." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8268.
Full textMARTANI, ENRICO. "Conversion of perennial cropping systems to arable land: keyelements for an ecologically sustainable transition." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/96576.
Full textThe cultivation of perennial cropping systems on marginal lands combines the production of sustainable biomass for multiple uses with environmental benefits such as carbon (C) sequestration in soil. In this thesis, we studied the effect of perennial cropping system on soil C considering the scenario of perennial cropping systems reversion to arable land. The limited longevity (10-20 years) of perennial cropping systems, gives the possibility of using these crops as a temporary- option to restore soil fertility of marginal lands and to study the long-term legacy of these cropping systems on soil C. In this thesis I aimed to study the effect of perennial cropping systems reversion to arable land on soil C: to achieve this objective, I combined a literature meta-analysis on the effect of reversion of perennial cropping systems on soil C, with a long-term field experiment on perennial cropping systems, an incubation experiment and the use of a process-based soil C model. The combined use of these approaches gave me the chance to show the potential of perennial cropping systems to support C sequestration even after their reversion. Therefore, perennial cropping systems are a promising sustainable practice which could be integrated on a 13-year agricultural rotation on marginal lands of northern Italy to restore soil C.
De, almeida Tania. "Impact d’une espèce ingénieure de l’écosystème et son utilisation en restauration écologique : Le cas de Messor barbarus (L.) dans les pelouses méditerranéennes Above- and below-ground effects of an ecosystem engineer ant in Mediterranean dry grasslands Harvester ants as ecological engineers for Mediterranean grassland restoration: impacts on soil and vegetation A trait-based approach to promote ants in restoration ecology." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0358.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was double: (i) to assess the impact of an ant species on its ecosystem, in order to (ii) deduce potential applications in the field of ecological restoration.Ants are among the most abundant organisms in terrestrial ecosystems and occupy a wide range of geographical areas. They play key ecological roles in many ecosystems as soil engineers, predators or regulators of plant growth and reproduction. However, the information collected locally is often fragmented and does not provide a complete overview of the impact of a species on its environment.Messor barbarus (L.), known to redistribute seeds and to modify the soil physico-chemical properties, is widespread in South-Western Europe, particularly in Mediterranean grasslands. Therefore, it may play a major role in the composition and structuring of these ecosystems, which are characterised by high biodiversity but whose abundance and surface area have decreased drastically in recent decades.Through a multi-compartment study, we confirmed the hypothesis that M. barbarus is an ecological engineer in Mediterranean grasslands. This species changes this habitat by modifying, as expected, soil physico-chemical properties. These modifications are associated with an increase in both biomass and heterogeneity of plant communities, as well as changes in above- and belowground fauna (abundance, occurrence and structure of communities). Messor barbarus profoundly changes trophic and non-trophic relationships within and between species and their habitat. The heterogeneity created locally by the activity of M. barbarus leads to a diversification of ecological niches within these grasslands.Despite their major role in the functioning of ecosystems, ants are rarely considered in restoration ecology. In our study site, corresponding to a dry grassland rehabilited after an oil leak and a soil transfer, M. barbarus contributed to accelerate the restoration of the soil physico-chemical properties but also of the seed bank in the medium term - seven years after the rehabilitation. These results make this species a good candidate for ecological engineering.In order to generalise the use of ants in restoration ecology, we propose a trait-based methodology for stakeholders. We evaluated the potential of ants in restoration ecology, then listed all the traits known to affect abiotic and biotic compartments and/or relevant to monitor the success of the restoration phase. The proposed methodology provides a first selection of potentially relevant species according to the restoration objectives
Effenbergerová, Petra. "Mateřská školka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240248.
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