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Journal articles on the topic 'Belongingness'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 23 August 2023

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1

Cockshaw, Wendell David, Ian M. Shochet, and Patricia L. Obst. "General Belongingness, Workplace Belongingness, and Depressive Symptoms." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 23, no. 3 (November 8, 2012): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.2121.

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2

Hellyer, Paul. "Belongingness matters." British Dental Journal 231, no. 9 (November 12, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-021-3633-4.

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3

Kneer, Julia, Inna Hemme, and Gary Bente. "Vicarious Belongingness." Journal of Media Psychology 23, no. 3 (January 2011): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000045.

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There is empirical evidence that mortality salience (MS) influences effects of advertisements. For instance, mere exposure to high-value goods can enhance cultural worldview and self-esteem and thus act as a buffer against existential anguish. Besides cultural worldview and self-esteem, close relationships can help to reduce existential anguish. Drawing upon terror management theory (TMT), the current study addressed the question of whether MS combined with emotional commercials influences perception of the ads as well as further behavior. We compared the effects of socioemotional versus informational ads after MS induction, measuring perceived emotionality of the ads, evaluation of ads and products, recall, and buying intention. Significant effects were found in all outcome variables, except for recall, supporting the hypothesis that under MS induction, commercials with a socioemotional content can enhance advertisement impact.
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HUANG, YING-FEN. "Contesting Belongingness." Continuum 17, no. 3 (September 2003): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304310302730.

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Malone, Glenn P., David R. Pillow, and Augustine Osman. "The General Belongingness Scale (GBS): Assessing achieved belongingness." Personality and Individual Differences 52, no. 3 (February 2012): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.027.

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6

Booker, Keonya C., and Jae Hoon Lim. "Belongingness and Pedagogy." Youth & Society 50, no. 8 (May 30, 2016): 1037–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x16652757.

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In the present study, school belongingness was explored in the context of a mathematics classroom over the course of one academic year. In-depth interviews with eight African American middle school students and their three White teachers were conducted at two time periods. This phenomenological qualitative investigation of African American middle school girls revealed two primary themes of personal connection with their teachers and authentic pedagogy. As practitioners and researchers continue to examine the factors related to African American student achievement, empirical research should highlight the importance of teacher warmth and instructional relevance in the experiences of students of color in middle grades and secondary mathematics classes.
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Mohanna, Kay. "Belongingness: a commentary." Education for Primary Care 29, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2018.1522238.

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8

Caminong, Joliber M., Manuel R. Tanpoco, Retchell Rublin L. Morales, and Kevin S. Pitargue. "The Impact of Reflective Leadership on Workplace Belongingness: A Gender-Inclusive Analysis Using a Convergent Mixed Methods Approach." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 4, no. 6 (June 23, 2023): 1989–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.06.24.

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This paper examines the impact of reflective leadership on workplace belongingness, with a particular focus on gender differences. Through a combined approach of thematic and quantitative analyses, the study explores the factors that contribute to workplace belongingness and investigates potential variations in these factors based on gender. The findings reveal that reflective leadership positively influences workplace belongingness, with employees perceiving higher levels of reflective leadership in their leaders reporting higher levels of belongingness. The study identifies a safe environment, open communication, and challenging beliefs and assumptions as significant components of reflective leadership that impact workplace belongingness. The thematic analysis highlights the importance of psychological safety, effective communication, the value of work and purpose, and openness to change in fostering workplace belongingness. The quantitative analysis further reveals that the relationship between reflective leadership and workplace belongingness is stronger for female employees compared to male employees. The study emphasizes the need to consider gender-specific factors when promoting workplace belongingness, and it suggests strategies for organizations and leaders to create a positive work environment that enhances belongingness. These strategies include fostering a safe and supportive environment, promoting open communication, encouraging critical thinking, and implementing gender-specific initiatives and policies. The findings contribute to the existing literature by shedding light on the complex relationship between reflective leadership, workplace belongingness, and gender. Overall, promoting workplace belongingness contributes to improved employee well-being, satisfaction, engagement, and organizational performance.
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Jena, Lalatendu Kesari, and Sajeet Pradhan. "Conceptualizing and validating workplace belongingness scale." Journal of Organizational Change Management 31, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-05-2017-0195.

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Purpose Previous studies have treated general belongingness as an aggregated construct that encompasses all belongingness types and have ignored the importance of context specific belongingness. This omission can be attributed to the lack of any context specific instrument to measure belongingness. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a self-report measure of workplace belongingness that will uniquely capture and test individual’s sense of belongingness in organisational context. Design/methodology/approach In total, 824 managerial executives working in several Indian MNCs operating in manufacturing and service sectors participated in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face survey and through online questionnaire. Findings The 12-item unidimensional scale was revalidated through confirmatory factor analysis after obtaining the results from exploratory factor analysis. Originality/value The current study developed and tested a unidimensional workplace belongingness scale that fully captures the essence of an individual’s belongingness in workplace setting.
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O'Keefe, Victoria M., DeMond M. Grant, Raymond P. Tucker, William V. Lechner, Adam C. Mills, Matt R. Judah, and LaRicka R. Wingate. "Autonomy as a Prospective Predictor of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness Through Symptoms of Depression." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 73, no. 1 (March 3, 2015): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815575702.

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This study examined the relationship between sociotropy, autonomy, depression symptoms, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness in a sample of 113 undergraduate students. A prospective design with three time points was utilized to determine whether personality styles and depression symptoms play a role in the development of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, two interpersonal suicide risk factors. Time 1 autonomy predicted depression symptoms at Time 2; Time 2 depression symptoms predicted thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness at Time 3. Results suggest depression symptoms mediate the relationship between autonomy and thwarted belongingness, and autonomy and perceived burdensomeness. This study contributes to understanding how the presence of specific personality traits may lead to depression symptoms, which in turn leads to perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Clinical implications, including assessment of autonomy, and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, are discussed.
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Lupaș, Raul V., and Alina S. Rusu. "Belongingness and maladaptive schemas: A wellbeing group intervention program for high-school teachers." Educatia 21, no. 19 (December 19, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/ed21.2020.19.03.

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Belongingness has been related with several positive aspects in the life of an individual, including academic and psychosocial success. The current paper aims to review the theoretical foundations of belongingness and to present the results of the implementation of a 2-months wellbeing-based program targeting the development of belongingness for high school teachers in a private school in Romania. The targeted variables were the social connectedness (as a measure of social belongingness), social assurance, and, as a moderator variable, the number of maladaptive cognitive schemas. The results indicate that the number of cognitive maladaptive schemas did moderate the intervention effect. Also, the efficiency of the wellbeing-training program in the direction of improving the social connectedness (belongingness) was supported by the data.
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Najla Rizky Firyal and Eni Nuraeni Nugrahawati. "Hubungan Loneliness dengan College Belongingness pada Mahasiswa saat Pandemi Covid-19." Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v1i1.82.

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Abstract. The Covid-19 pandemic has made the implementation of Distance Learning (PJJ) in Indonesia no exception for students. Establishing relationships is one of the requirements so that the adaptation process of students on campus becomes easier. By fulfilling the needs of students in establishing relationships, it will bring up college belongingness to students. Students with high college belongingness are less likely to experience psychological problems such as loneliness. The purpose of this study was to see the close relationship between loneliness and college belongingness to students in Bandung during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research subjects were 400 students in Bandung. The measuring instrument used in this study is UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3 by D.W. Russel (1996) which was adapted by Distiyan (2020), and the measuring instrument of G. Arslan's College Belongingness Questionnaire (2020) which has been adapted to Indonesian. Based on data analysis using Spearman's rank, it was found that there was a negative relationship between loneliness and college belongingness with a low level of closeness. Abstrak. Pandemi Covid-19 membuat diberlakukannya Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) di Indonesia tidak terkecuali pada mahasiswa. Menjalin relasi menjadi salah satu kebutuhan supaya proses adaptasi mahasiswa di kampus menjadi lebih mudah. Dengan terpenuhinya kebutuhan mahasiswa dalam menjalin relasi akan memunculkan college belongingness pada mahasiswa. Mahasiswa dengan college belongingness tinggi akan lebih sedikit untuk mengalami masalah psikologis seperti loneliness. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat keeratan hubungan antara loneliness dengan college belongingness pada mahasiswa di Kota Bandung saat Pandemi Covid-19. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 400 mahasiswa di Kota Bandung. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3 milik D.W. Russel (1996) yang diadaptasi oleh Distiyan (2020), dan alat ukur College Belongingness Questionnaire milik G. Arslan (2020) yang sudah diadaptasi ke Bahasa Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis data dengan menggunakan rank Spearman, diperoleh hasil terdapat hubungan negatif antara loneliness dengan college belongingness dengan tingkat keeratan yang rendah.
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13

Katsaros, Kleanthis K. "Exploring the inclusive leadership and employee change participation relationship: the role of workplace belongingness and meaning-making." Baltic Journal of Management 17, no. 2 (March 14, 2022): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-03-2021-0104.

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PurposeBy drawing on the need to belong theory, the paper aims to propose a moderated mediation model to examine the role of workplace belongingness and meaning-making in the positive relationship between inclusive leadership and employee change participation.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were 155 employees from 31 teams from a branch of a multinational pharmaceutical company located in an EU country. The company faces constant legal, regulatory and technology-related changes after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak. Data were collected in three waves, approximately three weeks apart between March 2020 and May 2020. To test the mediating effect of workplace belongingness were performed first – a series of regression analyses – and second, bootstrapping to assess the statistical significance of the indirect effect (Preacher and Hayes, 2008).FindingsWorkplace belongingness mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and employees change participation. Further, the research findings provide support that meaning-making moderates the relationship between workplace belongingness and change participation as well as the indirect relationship between inclusive leadership and change participation through workplace belongingness such that the positive relationships are stronger when meaning-making is higher.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that should leaders and change management practitioners manage to influence positively employees' workplace belongingness by employing inclusive practices and procedures; leaders and change management practitioners will increase the level of participation during change and further the results note from an applied perspective the importance of mean-making as a facilitating factor during change in organizational settings. Relevant suggestions are made.Originality/valueThe findings provide new insights into how inclusive leadership and workplace belongingness can affect employees' change participation. Further, the research findings note the significant moderating role of meaning-making regarding both the relationship between workplace belongingness and change participation as well as the indirect relationship between inclusive leadership and change participation through workplace belongingness.
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14

Mathias, Dionei. "Pertencimento: discussão teórica." Alea: Estudos Neolatinos 25, no. 1 (January 2023): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-106x/202325110.

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Resumo Como recurso existencial central, o pertencimento tem um lugar proeminente na experiência humana, sendo, portanto, também objeto de interesse em textos literários. Este artigo deseja discutir três dimensões do conceito de pertencimento: (1) o vetor social e suas formas de hierarquização do pertencimento, (2) o corpo e seu papel de mediação, e, por fim, (3) pertencimento como disposição afetiva atrelada ao sentido existencial. Num último movimento, procura discutir sua importância e seus potenciais nos estudos literários. Nessa perspectiva, o pertencimento é identificado como um recurso instável, foco de negociações ininterruptas que definem as configurações e as modalidades de participação dos diferentes membros de uma comunidade sociocultural.
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15

Gunn, John F., David Lester, Janet Haines, and Christopher L. Williams. "Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness in Suicide Notes." Crisis 33, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000123.

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Background: Joiner’s interpersonal theory of suicide postulates that suicide occurs because of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, combined with a capability for committing suicide. Aims: The present study examines the frequency of the presence of the themes of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in suicide notes. Methods: A total of 261 suicide notes from 1091 consecutive completed suicides in Tasmania were rated for the presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Results: Contrary to the theory, few suicide notes were found to include perceived burdensomeness (10.3%) and thwarted belongingness (30.7%), and only 4.2% had both themes. The notes of women more often contained the theme of perceived burdensomeness, while the notes of younger suicides more often contained the theme of thwarted belongingness. Conclusions: Joiner’s theory of suicide may apply to only a small percentage of suicides who leave suicide notes.
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Mantiri, Stephanie Maria, and Christine Winstinindah Sandroto. "THE ROLE OF BELONGINGNESS FOR CABIN CREW: BETWEEN WORK PASSION AND JOB SATISFACTION." Review of Management and Entrepreneurship 7, no. 1 (April 27, 2023): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/rme.v7i1.3687.

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Efforts to increase the job satisfaction of cabin crews must be a priority because their job satisfaction determines the services they provide to passengers throughout the flight. Factors that determine cabin crew job satisfaction include work passion and role of belongingness. This study examined the role of belongingness in the effect of work passion on the job satisfaction of cabin crews. The sample population was cabin crew in the Jakarta area who worked for various airlines. The sample was 70 respondents. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, with the convenience sampling method. This study performed validity and reliability tests; p plots normality tests, descriptive statistics, and Preacher Hayes analysis. The analysis method used The Simple Mediation Model, processed through SPSS Process 23.00. The results show that work passion positively affects both the role of belongingness and job satisfaction, and the role of belongingness positively affects job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is affected by the passion for work with the mediating variable role of belongingness. In conclusion, the role of belongingness has been proven to mediate the effect of work passion on job satisfaction for cabin crews in Jakarta.
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Marco, Jose H., Blanca Gallego-Hernández de Tejada, Verónica Guillén, Rosa M. Baños, and Sandra Pérez. "Meaning in Life Buffers the Association between Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness, and Frequency of Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries in Spanish Adolescents." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 4867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214867.

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Background: Adolescence is a developmental stage when there is a high risk of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). There is recent interest in the study of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensome as variables associated with the frequency of NSSI in adolescents. Meaning in life (MIL) might be negatively associated with thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. To date, no studies have analyzed the buffering role of MIL in the association between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness and the frequency of lifetime NSSI in Spanish adolescents. Aims: (a) To test whether thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are associated with frequency of lifetime NSSI; (b) to test whether MIL moderates the association between thwarted belongingness and frequency of lifetime NSSI; and (c) to test whether MIL moderates the association between perceived burdensomeness and frequency of lifetime NSSI. Method: The sample consisted of N = 1531 participants (n = 736, 48.1%, were men, and n = 795, 51.9%, were women) between 12 and 18 years old from Spain. The participants filled out the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury, Purpose-In-Life Test-Adolescent Version, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire. Moderation analyses were performed. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of lifetime NSSI in the adolescents based on gender. Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were positively associated with the frequency of lifetime NSSI in Spanish adolescents. MIL was a moderating variable between thwarted belongingness and the frequency of lifetime NSSI, and between perceived burdensomeness and the frequency of lifetime NSSI. Conclusions: Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness might be positively associated with the frequency of lifetime NSSI, and MIL might be negatively associated with the frequency of lifetime NSSI. Thus, adding these variables to current descriptive theories of NSSI in adolescents would allow us to improve assessment and treatment protocols for adolescents with NSSI.
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Sebastian, Bini B., Christopher D. Slaten, Michael Steven Williams, and Zachary M. Elison. "College Student Exercise Motivation: The Role of Belongingness and College Self-Efficacy." International Journal of Contemporary Education 4, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijce.v4i2.5221.

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This study examined the role of college self-efficacy in the relationship between university belongingness and exercise motivation among a group of college students (N = 311). Multiple social factors have been identified as playing an important role in students’ physical health and wellness (Leslie et al., 1999; Wallace et al., 2000); however, the mechanisms by which university belongingness influences various exercise motives are unexplored. In the current study, college self-efficacy was examined as a mediator between university belongingness and six types of exercise motivation: stress management, appearance, enjoyment, revitalization, weight management, and positive health (Markland & Ingledew, 1997). Results showed that college self-efficacy mediated the relationship between belongingness and exercise motivation for stress management, enjoyment, revitalization, and positive health. These findings highlight how college self-efficacy helps explain the relationship between university belongingness and motivation to exercise, providing insight into prevention research and implications for university personnel to help foster greater health promotion on campus.
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Brailovskaia, Julia, Martina Ujma, Sören Friedrich, and Tobias Teismann. "Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness Mediate the Association Between Bullying and Suicide Ideation." Crisis 41, no. 2 (March 2020): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000596.

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Abstract. Background: Bullying has regularly been shown to be associated with suicide ideation. However, so far, only a few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying the relationship between bullying and suicide ideation within a theory of suicide. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness mediate the association between bullying and suicide ideation. Method: A total of 267 outpatients (63.3% female; Mage = 37.52, SDage = 12.80) completed online measures of bullying, suicide ideation, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness. Results: Thwarted belongingness as well as perceived burdensomeness fully mediated the association between bullying and suicide ideation – controlling for gender and age. Limitations: Given the cross-sectional nature of the data, only hypothetical conclusions on causality can be drawn. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesized and theory-derived relations between bullying, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicide ideation. In anti-bullying programs it seems to be of particular importance to counter impressions of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness.
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Baskin, Thomas W., Bruce E. Wampold, Stephen M. Quintana, and Robert D. Enright. "Belongingness as a Protective Factor Against Loneliness and Potential Depression in a Multicultural Middle School." Counseling Psychologist 38, no. 5 (February 10, 2010): 626–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000009358459.

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This study examines belongingness as a strengths-based protective factor. Belongingness is investigated in relationship to the threat of low peer acceptance for loneliness and of high loneliness for depression in adolescents. Data were collected from peers for adolescents’ peer acceptance and from adolescents themselves for other variables. Ratings of peers and self-reported survey data were analyzed together from data collected from 294 eighth-grade students from a culturally and ethnically diverse school. Results indicated belongingness was a significant moderator of the influence of peer acceptance on loneliness and of loneliness on depression. This suggests that belongingness is a potentially important buffer against the negative effects of low peer acceptance and high loneliness. Implications for counseling psychologists working with ethnically diverse adolescents are discussed.
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Afroz, Dr Shagufta, and Prof P. S. N. Tiwari. "Importance of Belongingness in Healthy Youth Development." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2021.v09i06.004.

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Youth development is the deliberate progression of providing all youth with the support, relationships, experiences, resources, and opportunities needed to become effective and proficient adults. The objective of this study was to understand the important role of belongingness in Subjective Well-being of adolescents. A sample of 197 adolescents from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, participated in this study. The extreme group strategy was used to identify subjects as high and low on the basis of the scores of Belongingness Motive Scale (Afroz S. & Tiwari PSN 2017). Subjective well-being scale (Roop Nagpal1982) was administered to get the data. The result of One Way Analysis of Variance showed that High and low groups of belongingness significantly differed on p<.01 level for positive affect, Negative affect, Rootedness & belongingness, Structural and Cohesive aspect of Family and Subjective well-being score. The result was congruent with the previous results and also added the existing literature that a strong sense of belongingness contributes to individual and community well-being (Cherry K. 2019).
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Manokore, Viola, Genelie Ivana Rosalia, Fauziya Ali, Sarah Letersky, Ivy Owusu Piadu, and Lola Palmer-Virgo. "Crossing the “Ascent to Competence” Borders Into Privileged Belongingness Space: Practical Nursing Students’ Experiences in Clinical Practice." Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 51, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0844562118819926.

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Background There is substantial evidence that students’ sense of belonging in clinical practice influence their motivation, learning, and acquisition of skills. Despite the importance of belongingness in clinical education, not many studies have been done in the Canadian context in general and practical nurse education in particular. Purpose The main objective of this study was to explore practical nursing students’ experiences in clinical education with regard to their sense of belongingness. In addition, we also examined clinical instructors’ experiences in fostering a sense of belongingness to students in clinical settings. Methods Ascent to competence conceptual framework was used as an analytic lens in this study. Students enrolled in a two-year diploma in practical nursing and their instructors participated in the study. A total of 12 students and 4 clinical instructors participated in the in-depth semistructured one-on-one interviews. Inductive and deductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Deductive analysis used predetermined themes as per ascent to competence framework. Inductive thematic analysis allowed us to provide additional themes on concepts that could not be effectively explained by the predetermined themes. Results Students described the uniqueness of their instructors and clinical sites as important attributes that enable them to cross various “borders” as they gain access to a “belongingness space” of acceptance, respect, and competency. Productive learning experiences were achieved by students who felt supported and “granted permission” to enter the belongingness space. The instructors highlighted their perceived roles in providing scaffolding supports they thought would help students feel a sense of belonging. Conclusions Students cross several borders as they persevere to gain access to the revered belongingness space. Clinical instructors play a major role in assisting students to enter the belongingness space where meaningful learning occurs.
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Wright, Michelle F., and Sebastian Wachs. "Adolescents’ Psychological Consequences and Cyber Victimization: The Moderation of School-Belongingness and Ethnicity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 12, 2019): 2493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142493.

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Cyber victimization research reveals various personal and contextual correlations and negative consequences associated with this experience. Despite increasing attention on cyber victimization, few studies have examined such experiences among ethnic minority adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of ethnicity in the longitudinal associations among cyber victimization, school-belongingness, and psychological consequences (i.e., depression, loneliness, anxiety). These associations were investigated among 416 Latinx and white adolescents (46% female; M age = 13.89, SD = 0.41) from one middle school in the United States. They answered questionnaires on cyber victimization, school belongingness, depression, loneliness, and anxiety in the 7th grade (Time 1). One year later, in the 8th grade (Time 2), they completed questionnaires on depression, loneliness, and anxiety. Low levels of school-belongingness strengthened the positive relationships between cyber victimization and Time 2 depression and anxiety, especially among Latinx adolescents. The positive association between cyber victimization and Time 2 loneliness was strengthened for low levels of school-belongingness for all adolescents. These findings may indicate that cyber victimization threatens adolescents’ school-belongingness, which has implications for their emotional adjustment. Such findings underscore the importance of considering diverse populations when examining cyber victimization.
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Jabeen, Sumaira, Khalid Anwer, and Muhammed Umer. "Measuring the Relationship between Eudaimonic Well-Being and Leaders’ Inclusive Behaviour: A Case Study of Organisations in Pakistan." Winter 2023 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i1.146.

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Employee well-being and organisational performance have been linked to leaders' inclusive behaviours. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of a leader's inclusive behaviour on employees' well-being (eudaimonic) and the mediating role of a sense of belongingness. The target population was taken from different organisations of various sectors through non-probability sampling (convenient). SEM's (structural equation modelling) partial least square method was used through SmartPLS to examine the direct and mediating impact based on 410 responses. The leader's inclusive behaviour on well-being (eudaimonic) was uncovered as a significant indirect and insignificant direct effect in the data analysis. Nevertheless, the sense of belongingness was found to be a significant mediator. However, the findings contribute to the earlier research studies that usually examined the direct relationship between leadership behaviour and employee well-being, which confirmed that a sense of belongingness mediates the link between a leader's inclusive behaviour and employees' well-being. Undoubtedly, the findings facilitate the practitioners establishing and maintaining behaviour to enhance employees' Eudaimonic well-being. The results showed that a leader's inclusive behaviour is a positive predictor of belongingness; a sense of belongingness is a positive predictor of well-being (eudaimonic).
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Raza, Mohsin, Worakamol Wisetsri, Thanyanant Chansongpol, Chanyanan Somtawinpongsai, and Edwin Hernan Ramírez-Asís. "FOSTERING WORKPLACE BELONGINGNESS AMONG EMPLOYEES." Polish Journal of Management Studies 22, no. 2 (December 2020): 428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2020.22.2.28.

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26

White, Khadijah. "Belongingness and the Harlem drummers." Urban Geography 36, no. 3 (February 9, 2015): 340–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2014.988059.

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27

Radford, D. R., and P. Hellyer. "Belongingness in undergraduate dental education." British Dental Journal 220, no. 10 (May 2016): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.379.

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Raban-Motounu, Nicoleta. "BELONGINGNESS, OBSESSIVENESS, NARCISSISM AND MINDFULNESS." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 11, no. 22 (December 31, 2022): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.022.

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Many studies tend to explore a link between obsessive-compulsive symptoms, stressful life events and the social support received when facing them and other developmental challenges. While the compulsions are the most obvious aspect of this disorder, stereotypical behavior is encountered as a symptom in several other disorders and the underlying obsessions are less obvious, In the present study, we investigated the associations between obsessing, different types of compulsions and the pathological aspects of narcissism with some aspects positively associated with weel-being, like feeling of belonging and mindfulness, with its two dimensions, the here-and-now awareness and the acceptance of this experience. The data showed that on obsessing had a significant effect exclusion/rejection, awareness and the acceptance of here-and-now-experience; washing was best predicted by the feeling of being accepted/included (negative correlation); neutralizing by awareness, acceptance of here-and-now-experience (negative correlations), and entitlement (positive correlation); checking by acceptance of here-and-now-experience (negative correlation) and entitlement (positive correlation). Also, there were significant negative correlations between hoarding and awareness, but also between ordering and acceptance of here-and-now experience. The findings suggest different psychological explanations for the different types of compulsive behaviors, but also ways of diminishing the obsessing process and compulsions by developing the awareness capacity.
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Iroegbu, Pantaleon. "The Political Significance of Belongingness." Philosophy, Culture, and Traditions 3 (2005): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pct200536.

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Moberg, Fallon B., and Michael D. Anestis. "A Preliminary Examination of the Relationship Between Social Networking Interactions, Internet Use, and Thwarted Belongingness." Crisis 36, no. 3 (May 2015): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000311.

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Abstract. Background: Joiner's (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide hypothesizes that suicidal desire develops in response to the joint presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Aims: To consider the potential influence of online interactions and behaviors on these outcomes. Method: To address this, we administered an online protocol assessing suicidal desire and online interactions in a sample of 305 undergraduates (83.6% female). We hypothesized negative interactions on social networking sites and a preference for online social interactions would be associated with thwarted belongingness. We also conducted an exploratory analysis examining the associations between Internet usage and perceived burdensomeness. Results: Higher levels of negative interactions on social networking sites, but no other variables, significantly predicted thwarted belongingness. Our exploratory analysis showed that none of our predictors were associated with perceived burdensomeness after accounting for demographics, depression, and thwarted belongingness. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a general tendency to have negative interactions on social networking sites could possibly impact suicidal desire and that these effects are significant above and beyond depression symptoms. Furthermore, no other aspect of problematic Internet use significantly predicted our outcomes in multivariate analyses, indicating that social networking in particular may have a robust effect on thwarted belongingness.
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Whiteman-Sandland, Jessica, Jemma Hawkins, and Debbie Clayton. "The role of social capital and community belongingness for exercise adherence: An exploratory study of the CrossFit gym model." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 12 (August 23, 2016): 1545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316664132.

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This is the first study to measure the ‘sense of community’ reportedly offered by the CrossFit gym model. A cross-sectional study adapted Social Capital and General Belongingness scales to compare perceptions of a CrossFit gym and a traditional gym. CrossFit gym members reported significantly higher levels of social capital (both bridging and bonding) and community belongingness compared with traditional gym members. However, regression analysis showed neither social capital, community belongingness, nor gym type was an independent predictor of gym attendance. Exercise and health professionals may benefit from evaluating further the ‘sense of community’ offered by gym-based exercise programmes.
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Levi-Belz, Yossi, and Shai Birnbaum. "Depression and Suicide Ideation among Suicide-Loss Survivors: A Six-Year Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 16561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416561.

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Suicide is not only a tragic end of life but also may be the beginning of a very challenging life for those left behind. Suicide-loss survivors (SLSs) are individuals who were exposed to the suicide of a close family member or a friend and endure highly emotional distress. The psychological stance and reactions of SLS are deeply colored by painful, intense emotions that are expressed through different psychiatric symptoms, including depression and suicide ideation (SI). The present study investigated the long-term effects of interpersonal factors such as social support, self-disclosure, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness on depression and suicidal ideation among SLS. One hundred fifty-two Israeli SLS, aged 20–72, participated in this longitudinal study, during which their suicide ideation and depression levels were assessed at four points over six years (T1-baseline, and two (T2), four (T3), and six (T4) years after baseline). At the last time point, interpersonal factors were also assessed. SLSs’ interpersonal variables significantly predicted depression and SI levels beyond their usual trajectories over the years. Significant correlations were found between both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness and depression levels at all measurement points. Moreover, thwarted belongingness was found to be a significant moderator of the relationship between former and current depression levels, as the contribution of depression-T3 to depression-T4 was lower among SLSs with low thwarted belongingness (b = 0.14, CI = 0.05–0.34) compared with SLSs with high thwarted belongingness (b = 0.25, CI = 0.22–0.45). These findings emphasize the vital healing role of interpersonal factors such as belongingness, as they may attenuate depression and SI symptoms over time. Hence, clinicians should focus on therapies that boost interpersonal interactions and belongingness, as they seem to be crucial stepping stones on the way to recovery. Moreover, national programs should be implemented to offer SLSs targeted interventions to reduce distress and depression in the aftermath of suicide loss.
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Pérez-Rojas, Andrés E., Na-Yeun Choi, Minji Yang, Theodore T. Bartholomew, and Giovanna M. Pérez. "Suicidal Ideation Among International Students: The Role of Cultural, Academic, and Interpersonal Factors." Counseling Psychologist 49, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 673–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00110000211002458.

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We examined two structural equation models of international students’ suicidal ideation using data from 595 international students in two public universities in the United States. The models represented competing hypotheses about the relationships among discrimination, cross-cultural loss, academic distress, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. The findings indicated there were direct, positive links between discrimination, cross-cultural loss, and academic distress to perceived burdensomeness; a direct, positive link between perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation; and indirect, positive links between discrimination, cross-cultural loss, and academic distress to suicidal ideation via perceived burdensomeness. The only predictors that related to thwarted belongingness were cross-cultural loss and academic distress, and there were no indirect links to suicidal ideation via thwarted belongingness. In fact, with all other variables in the model, thwarted belongingness was unrelated to suicidal ideation. Finally, academic distress was directly related to suicidal ideation. We discuss implications of the findings.
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Zhao, Jingjing, Yanna Chi, Yanli Ju, Xiyao Liu, Jingjing Wang, Xinglai Liu, Bob Lew, Ching Sin Siau, and Cunxian Jia. "Shame and Suicidal Ideation among Undergraduates in China: The Mediating Effect of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 2360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072360.

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Undergraduate students with shame are more likely to experience suicidal ideation, but there remains a lack of research investigating the factors underlying this relationship. The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that suicidal ideation is influenced by the simultaneous presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. We examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation among undergraduate students in China and examined the association between shame and suicidal ideation mediated by perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. A survey was conducted in July 2018 involving 2320 undergraduate students, and the twelve-month prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.95%. Shame played a crucial role in predicting suicidal ideation, and the mediating effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness between shame and suicidal ideation were significant. Suicidal ideation is common among undergraduate students in China and merits greater attention. Shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness may be important factors to assess among undergraduate students in suicide risk assessment and psychological intervention.
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Kyei-Poku, Ivy. "The benefits of belongingness and interactional fairness to interpersonal citizenship behavior." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 35, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 691–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-09-2012-0117.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the main and indirect effects of belongingness and interactional fairness on interpersonal citizenship behavior. Design/methodology/approach – Field data were obtained from 141 subordinate-supervisor dyads from diverse occupations and organizations within Canada. The study was cross-sectional in nature. Findings – Consistent with expectations the findings demonstrates that interactional fairness positively predicts employee sense of belongingness, and employees show more helping behavior (supervisor rated) when they have a stronger sense of belongingness at work. Belongingness partially mediates the relationship between interactional fairness and interpersonal behavior. Research limitations/implications – Future research could involve investigating a broader range of mediating mechanisms that might promote interpersonal citizenship behavior; for example, trust. As previously indicated, belongingness partially mediates the relationship between interactional fairness and interpersonal citizenship behavior, implying other possible mechanisms through which interactional fairness influences follower behaviors. Moreover, this research can be extended to include to other forms of prosocial behaviors (e.g. innovative behavior). Practical implications – Satisfying employees’ need for belonging is an important aspect of organizational life and useful in promoting helping behaviors among coworkers, it is essential for organizations to, therefore, create a work culture of inclusiveness. It is prudent for organizations to also expend greater effort to maximize interactional fairness by introducing programs intended for training organizational leaders how to be fair. Originality/value – Interpersonal citizenship behavior is important for group and organizational functioning; however, current psychological models are insufficient for understanding these behaviors. To advance the understanding, this study attempts to directly test individuals’ sense of belongingness as the psychological mechanism through which interactional justice can influence interpersonal citizenship behavior.
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Datu, Jesus Alfonso D., and Jana Patricia M. Valdez. "Psychological capital is associated with higher levels of life satisfaction and school belongingness." School Psychology International 40, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034319838011.

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Psychological capital (PsyCap) has been associated with key organizational and well-being outcomes. However, limited investigations have been carried out regarding the role of PsyCap in the educational settings. The present study assessed the association of PsyCap with life satisfaction and school belongingness in the academic context. Four hundred and sixty-two Filipino high school students participated in the current investigation. Structural equation modeling showed that PsyCap was positively linked to school belongingness via the intermediate variable life satisfaction. An alternative structural model also provided evidence of the indirect effects of PsyCap on life satisfaction via school belongingness. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
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Gailliot, Matthew T., and Roy F. Baumeister. "Self-esteem, belongingness, and worldview validation: Does belongingness exert a unique influence upon self-esteem?" Journal of Research in Personality 41, no. 2 (April 2007): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.04.004.

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Mitchell, Sean M., Paige L. Seegan, Jared F. Roush, Sarah L. Brown, Michael A. Sustaíta, and Kelly C. Cukrowicz. "Retrospective Cyberbullying and Suicide Ideation: The Mediating Roles of Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Thwarted Belongingness." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 16 (February 9, 2016): 2602–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516628291.

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Research suggests that being cyberbullied is associated with increased risk for suicide ideation; however, few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms of this relation, and fewer have examined this relation within a theory of suicide. Specifically, the interpersonal theory of suicide posits that thwarted belongingness (indicated by loneliness and a lack of reciprocal caring relationships) and perceived burdensomeness (indicated by feelings of liability and self-hatred) increase risk for suicide ideation. The current study aimed to examine depressive symptoms, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness as mediators between intensity of being cyberbullied and suicide ideation. Participants were college students ( N = 348) who completed assessments of retrospective peer victimization, thwarted interpersonal needs (i.e., thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), and suicide ideation. The results indicated that after adjusting for sexual orientation, depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relation between intensity of being cyberbullied and suicide ideation. Furthermore, depressive symptoms and perceived burdensomeness serially mediated the relation between intensity of being cyberbullied and suicide ideation; however, thwarted belongingness was not a significant mediator. Clinical and research implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Lim, Sanghyeon, and Jin Yi Jang. "The Influence of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness on Self-integrity in Older Adults: The Moderated Effect of Sense of Control through Loneliness." Korea Gerontological Society 42, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 1183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31888/jkgs.2022.42.6.1183.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the moderated mediating effect of sense of control through loneliness on the relationship among perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and self-integrity in older adults. 230 older adults(65 and over) in senior-related facilities located in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do participated and 199 data analyzed by multiple regression analysis and PROCESS model 14. There was the mediating effect of loneliness the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and self-integrity, and also the mediating effect of loneliness the relationship between thwarted belongingness and self-integrity was found. Lastly there was the moderated mediating effect of sense of control through loneliness on the relationship among perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and self-integrity. It suggested that the effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on self-integrity through loneliness were found to vary according to the level of self-control. Based on these research results, proposals for direction of intervention in counseling for older adults to achieve successful aging, significance and limitations of the study, and implications of subsequent studies were discussed.
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Cassidy, S. A., K. Gould, E. Townsend, M. Pelton, A. E. Robertson, and J. Rodgers. "Is Camouflaging Autistic Traits Associated with Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours? Expanding the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide in an Undergraduate Student Sample." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 50, no. 10 (December 9, 2019): 3638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04323-3.

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AbstractThe current study explored whether people who camouflage autistic traits are more likely to experience thwarted belongingness and suicidality, as predicted by the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS). 160 undergraduate students (86.9% female, 18–23 years) completed a cross-sectional online survey from 8th February to 30th May 2019 including self-report measures of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, autistic traits, depression, anxiety, camouflaging autistic traits, and lifetime suicidality. Results suggest that camouflaging autistic traits is associated with increased risk of experiencing thwarted belongingness and lifetime suicidality. It is important for suicide theories such as the IPTS to include variables relevant to the broader autism phenotype, to increase applicability of models to both autistic and non-autistic people.
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Tucker, Raymond P., Carmen A. Buchanan, Victoria M. O'Keefe, and LaRicka R. Wingate. "Does the Experience of Interpersonal Predictors of Suicidal Desire Predict Positive Attitudes Toward Physician Assisted Suicide?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 69, no. 2 (October 2014): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.69.2.c.

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The current study examined the relationship between Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) attitudes and interpersonal risk factors of suicidal desire as outlined by the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior (Joiner, 2005). It was hypothesized that both thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness would be positively related to PAS acceptance. Results indicated that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness predicted significance of favorable attitudes toward PAS in a college sample. Results suggest that attitudes toward PAS may be influenced by the experience of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness and provide a clear rationale for the study of these variables in populations more apt to consider hastened death. Future work regarding the application of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior in hastened death research is discussed.
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Oberhauser, Lia, Andreas B. Neubauer, and Eva-Marie Kessler. "Conflict Avoidance in Old Age." GeroPsych 30, no. 2 (June 2017): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000168.

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Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.
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Soranzo, Alessandro, and Tiziano Agostini. "Does Perceptual Belongingness Affect Lightness Constancy?" Perception 35, no. 2 (February 2006): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5342.

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DiVita, Joseph C., and Irvin Rock. "A belongingness principle of motion perception." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 23, no. 5 (1997): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.23.5.1343.

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Krisnawati, Wenti. "PENGARUH REWARD ATTRACTIVENESS, KNOWLEDGE BENEFIT, REQUIRED EFFORT, GROUP BELONGINGNESS DAN DISCLOSURE COMFORT TERHADAP EXPERIENTIAL BENEFIT CUSTOMER SATISFACTION DAN CUSTOMER LOYALTY." MANAJERIAL 6, no. 01 (May 13, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jurnalmanajerial.v6i01.865.

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Purpose from this study was to determine the effect of attractiveness reward on experiential benefit, knowledge benefit on experiential benefit, required effort on experiential benefits, group belongingness to customer satisfaction, disclosure closure to customer satisfaction, group belongingness to customer loyalty, disclosure comfort to customer loyalty, experiential benefits to customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction to customer loyalty. The population used in this study is all Excelso customers who have amember card coffee shop Excelso. The number of samples in this study were 178 respondents. The analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the AMOS 16.0 program. The results showed a significant influence between variable reward attractiveness on experiential benefit, knowledge benefit on experiential benefit, required effort on experiential benefits, group belongingness to customer satisfaction, disclosure closure on customer satisfaction, experiential benefits for customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction for customer loyalty. Whereas variables that have no effect between variables group belongingness to customer loyalty and disclosure comfort to customer loyalty due to loyalty are influenced by satisfaction. Customers will be loyal when they are satisfied with the products or services offered by the company.
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Krisnawati, Wenti. "PENGARUH REWARD ATTRACTIVENESS, KNOWLEDGE BENEFIT, REQUIRED EFFORT, GROUP BELONGINGNESS DAN DISCLOSURE COMFORT TERHADAP EXPERIENTIAL BENEFIT CUSTOMER SATISFACTION DAN CUSTOMER LOYALTY." MANAJERIAL 6, no. 01 (May 13, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v6i01.865.

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Purpose from this study was to determine the effect of attractiveness reward on experiential benefit, knowledge benefit on experiential benefit, required effort on experiential benefits, group belongingness to customer satisfaction, disclosure closure to customer satisfaction, group belongingness to customer loyalty, disclosure comfort to customer loyalty, experiential benefits to customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction to customer loyalty. The population used in this study is all Excelso customers who have amember card coffee shop Excelso. The number of samples in this study were 178 respondents. The analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the AMOS 16.0 program. The results showed a significant influence between variable reward attractiveness on experiential benefit, knowledge benefit on experiential benefit, required effort on experiential benefits, group belongingness to customer satisfaction, disclosure closure on customer satisfaction, experiential benefits for customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction for customer loyalty. Whereas variables that have no effect between variables group belongingness to customer loyalty and disclosure comfort to customer loyalty due to loyalty are influenced by satisfaction. Customers will be loyal when they are satisfied with the products or services offered by the company.
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Alyssa T. Altieri and Joseph R. Ferrari. "Social Determinants of Social Zapping: Exploring Predictors of Planned Scheduled Social Events with Others." Journal of Psychological Research 5, no. 3 (August 8, 2023): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i3.5797.

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Social zapping, defined as the cancelation of plans or appointments shortly before they are supposed to take place in order to attend plans deemed “better” than the original, has become increasingly prevalent. The present study examined potential behavioral trait predictors of social zapping, such as belongingness, self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence among community residents ranging from 40 to 75 years of age (n = 48). Results indicated that belongingness and self-esteem are significant predictors of social zapping tendencies, with belongingness emerging as the strongest predictor. Additionally, older adults exhibited a significant and more positive association with self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence compared to individuals aged 39 and younger. The population of young adults (aged 18-39) were found to have stronger, more positive relationships with belongingness. Social zapping frequency was nonsignificant for both older adults and younger adults. Furthermore, social desirability significantly predicted both self-esteem and meaningful existence. Overall, the present study builds on what is currently a new phenomenon in research and will provide new information on the relationship between age, social zapping, and behavioral traits.
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Perry, Justin C., and Bethany D. Lavins-Merillat. "Self-Esteem and School Belongingness: A Cross-Lagged Panel Study Among Urban Youth." Professional School Counseling 22, no. 1 (January 2018): 2156759X1982657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x19826575.

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The present study explored the causal relationship between self-esteem and school belongingness among a sample of urban youth. Based on a longitudinal cross-lagged panel design, the results offered initial support for the personal agency perspective of growth in self-esteem leading to growth in school belongingness. We discuss the implications for school counselors and the study’s limitations and directions for future research.
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Brenner, Lisa, Peter Gutierrez, Michelle Cornette, Lisa Betthauser, Nazanin Bahraini, and Pamela Staves. "A Qualitative Study of Potential Suicide Risk Factors in Returning Combat Veterans." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 30, no. 3 (June 26, 2008): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.30.3.n6418tm72231j606.

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According to the interpersonal-psychological theory of attempted and completed suicide (Joiner, 2005) suicide-related behavior is contingent upon three factors: acquired ability, burdensomeness, and failed belongingness. Qualitative research methodology was employed to explore these concepts among a group of returning Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) combat veterans. A sample of 16 individuals participated in interviews. Themes emerged regarding combat as a context for exposure to pain, subsequent coping strategies, and perceptions of burdensomeness, failed belongingness, and increased pain tolerance. Suicidal behavior was also articulated as a means of coping with risk factors outlined by Joiner. These results highlight the potential utility of this theory for OEF/OIF veterans. Interventions aimed at decreasing emotional dysregulation, and lessening perceptions of burdensomeness and failed belongingness may reduce risk for suicidal behavior.
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Agostini, Tiziano, and Dennis R. Proffitt. "Perceptual Organization Evokes Simultaneous Lightness Contrast." Perception 22, no. 3 (March 1993): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220263.

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Principles of perceptual organization can cause simultaneous lightness contrast to be seen in patterns in which the inducing regions are not proximal to the target. In three experiments a match was made between two grey targets, one of which belonged to a white perceptual grouping and the other to a black one. In experiment 1, perceived belongingness was a product of common fate and figural alignment (columns of black dots and columns of white dots moved up and down in counterphase). In experiment 2, belongingness was evoked with only figural alignment. In experiment 3, belongingness was induced by common fate alone. In all three experiments it was found that the grey target belonging to the white group appeared darker than the grey target belonging to the black group.
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