Dissertations / Theses: 'Belongingness'

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Horner, Jory. "Belongingness and Exclusion in College Outdoor Orientation." Thesis, Prescott College, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10743413.

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Little is known about the experiences of students on college outdoor orientation trips who experience lower levels of belonging within their group. During this study students who experienced lower belonging on one program were interviewed to identify common characteristics of these experiences. Due to a small number of research participants, the study was expanded through a national survey to include outdoor orientation participants at 23 schools. Although the expansion of the study increased the likelihood of reaching more participants, it did not result in additional interviews. The difficulty in reaching students who experience lower levels of belonging on outdoor orientation trips became a significant element of the research. Aspects of the responses from these individuals may align with experiences of shame. Elements of shame are discussed as a potential explanation for the low response rate, as well as recommendations for future researchers.

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Finley, Angela Michelle. "Fostering success : the question of belongingness at the graduate level." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50030.

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This mixed methods research study explores the relationship between belongingness and academic success for graduate students from non-English speaking backgrounds (NESB). With Canadian universities diversifying student populations by drastically increasing the number of students being admitted from non-English speaking backgrounds, knowing how best to support NESB learners is of great concern to institutions, administrations, and educators. Researchers from many disciplines, particularly psychology, recognize that belongingness is an essential human need and motivation, yet it is often overlooked in education. Belongingness has been advanced as a powerful means of fostering academic success in higher education, yet in the field of Additional Language Teaching and Learning (ALTL), it is not well understood. This research can inform both educators and those involved with institutional policy enactment in ways to build stronger academic and institutional learning communities for NESB students. In this study, graduate students from both English and non-English speaking backgrounds were surveyed at a research-intensive Western Canadian university in order to better understand perceptions of belongingness, language acquisition, and academic success. NESB participants were then interviewed to gain a deeper understanding of the topic. Data from 36 survey responses and 3 interviews were gathered and interpreted through hermeneutic phenomenological approaches. The results of the study indicate that participants, particularly NESB students, perceived belongingness as an important aspect of their academic success at the graduate level. In particular, they identified that their peer to peer relationships, their relationships between students and faculty, and the classroom and campus environment all played key roles in their perceptions of belongingness. The data suggests that having a greater sense of belongingness would increase students’ feelings of happiness and satisfaction, as well as increase loyalty and allegiance to the university. This research has implications for educators and institutions concerned with inclusive education and best practices for English as a second language (ESL) and English as an additional language (EAL) students. It may also have impacts for other student populations as well, such as Aboriginal students, at-risk students, and even students from traditional or mainstream backgrounds.
Education, Faculty of (Okanagan)
Graduate

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Nelson, Taylor. "Belief and Belongingness: Are Supernatural Agents and Forces Social Surrogates?" Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28751.

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Motivational approaches to the study of supernatural beliefs propose that such beliefs serve psychological functions. I tested the proposal that supernatural agents and forces are sought out as social surrogates to fulfill the need to belong. First, I present preliminary data consistent with the claim that the belongingness motive and deficits in belongingness (i.e., loneliness) are related to supernatural beliefs. Next, I report an experiment testing the supernatural social surrogate proposal. I hypothesized that affirming belongingness would reduce supernatural beliefs and that the relationship between the predictors and supernatural beliefs would weaken if one’s belonging is affirmed. If supernatural beliefs are motivated by belongingness concerns, then meeting people’s belongingness needs should reduce their inclination to turn to supernatural social surrogates. I further predicted these effects would remain significant when controlling for known cognitive correlates of supernatural beliefs. Results did not support the social surrogate hypothesis.

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Lakin, Jessica L. "Exclusion and nonconscious behavioral mimicry: The role of belongingness threat." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1060011302.

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Lakin, Jessica Lynn. "Exclusion and nonconscious behavioral mimicry the role of belongingness threat /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1060011302.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 111 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-109). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Ojala, Kristofer P. "Group Belongingness and Intra- and Inter-Group Processes in Children." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366539.

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Why do children engage in group behaviour and, more specifically, what motivates them to express in-group bias and out-group discrimination? Central to social identity theory (SIT; Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and its elaboration self-categorisation theory (SCT; Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987), is the view that group attitudes are critically dependent on inter-group comparison and the positive distinctiveness of the in-group. However, whereas this approach has been influential with adults, there has been mixed support in relation to children. The present research program explored the possibility that children, especially in early to midchildhood, are much more simply focused on group belonging, acceptance, and maintenance of group membership. According to this approach, children would initially be more concerned about securing a position within the group, conforming to in-group norms, and maintaining their group membership, than focusing on inter-group comparisons and positive distinctiveness. Study 1 consisted of an experimental simulation which sought to explore the impact of children’s self-presentational concerns on their motivation to be accepted by a group. Children’s accountability to their in-group was manipulated via the group’s surveillance of their responses, or lack of surveillance. In addition, the study examined whether children’s attitudes were influenced by information about how accepting the in-group was of new members. If the children’s over-riding motivation was to be accepted as a member of the in-group, it was expected that the participants would reveal (1) greater liking for the in-group when it was open and accepting, and (2) increased liking for the in-group under surveillance. The sample consisted of 77 children, aged 9-13 years who were randomly allocated to one of four conditions in a simulated drawing competition. Each child was placed in a drawing team that varied in its acceptance of new members (open versus closed) and whether they were under surveillance by their team (present versus absent). Consistent with a need for belonging and acceptance account, surveillance increased liking toward the in-group but had no effect on outgroup liking. Similarly, an open and accepting in-group instigated greater liking for the in-group but had no effect on out-group liking. Study 2 sought to expand on the need for belonging motive in a similar minimal group experiment to investigate whether an inter-group comparative context that emphasises a threat to the status of the in-group enhances concerns about being accepted by the in-group. In addition, the effects of a threat of exclusion from the in-group on the participants’ in-group and out-group attitudes were explored. Further, the study investigated the extent to which a child’s own need for belonging and acceptance might lead to differential judgments of other new members. A total of 82 children, aged 7-11 years, were randomly assigned to a high status drawing team that varied in its level of in-group exclusion threat (exclusion threat versus no exclusion threat) and whether the in-group was threatened by an out-group (out-group threat versus no out-group threat). In addition, the participants were provided information about a new member indicating that his/her attributes were supportive versus non-supportive of in-group norms. Findings provided some support for the need for acceptance motive with the in-group liked more than the out-group. In addition, both in-group exclusion threat and new member attributes influenced acceptance of the new member and desire to work with both groups. However, whereas liking for the in-group was unaffected by out-group threat, the out-group was liked less when there was an out-group threat versus no threat. Given the early support for the group belongingness motivation, the third study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale for assessing individual variability in children’s need for group belongingness. The scale development phase drew upon SIT principles and its more recent elaborations to inform and validate four hypothesised dimensions of a general need for group belongingness: a need for membership; need for distinctiveness; fear of exclusion; and a need for similarity. The first two stages of scale development consisted of item generation, and pilot testing on a sample of 15 children (aged 8 to 9 years). Three subsequent full-scale administrations of the questionnaire were then completed. An initial 40-item scale was administered to a total of 270 children from grades four to seven, followed by a second sample of 210 middle and late primary school aged children on a reduced 20-item scale. A final fullscale administration to a sample of 246 middle and late primary school aged children was completed in order to replicate the factor structure obtained in the previous two phases. Results indicated that the Children’s Need for Group Belongingness (CNGB) scale was a reliable measure, with subsequent confirmatory factor analyses providing support for the existence of the four proposed dimensions. The main aim of the final study was to determine the extent to which individual differences in the need for group belongingness, as measured by the CNGB, were able to account for additional variance in group attitudes in experimentally created groups. A total of 96 children, aged 8 to13 years participated in a simulation experiment using the drawing team scenario. They were randomly assigned to a drawing team that varied in its status (high versus low), and their position within the group was manipulated (prototypical versus peripheral). In addition, the in-group’s norms were either friendly or unfriendly toward out-groups. Results indicated that the in-group was liked more than the out-group, with high prototypicality and a friendly ingroup norm leading to greater liking toward both groups. However, contrary to expectations, group status was not found to have an effect on attitudes. Importantly, the CNGB accounted for a significant percentage of variance in in-group liking, with out-group derogation predicted by the need for distinctiveness subscale. Overall, the findings from the current research provided broad support for the view that children’s in-group bias is significantly influenced by their need to belong to, and be accepted by, a particular group of peers. The research revealed that children’s in-group bias was impacted by the manipulation of situation variables that instigated the children’s need for group belonging, as well as by individual differences in the level of this motive in children.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD)
School of Psychology
Faculty of Health
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Wilson, Anna-Kaisa. "Belongingness in practice : a discursive psychological analysis of aid workers' accounts of living and working in the field." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31000.

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The study described in this thesis represents one of the first attempts to explore belongingness as a practice among aid workers, and to contribute to our understanding of how people account for belonging in situ. In psychology, belongingness has predominantly been studied in laboratory settings, or among those who report not belonging in some way. This has led to concerns about ecological validity, and a neglect of ‘real world’ contexts in the development of belongingness theory. Through semi‐structured interviews with 25 international aid workers, using web‐based calling software (Skype), a discursive psychological approach was employed to rework belongingness as a discursive practice. Belonging was found to be an activity for which participants made themselves accountable, and in so doing worked to manage issues of blame and justification in their interactions. Aid workers constructed fitting in as necessary, but ultimately futile, formulating accounts around inherent and immutable differences with local people. The analysis also explored the ways in which participants constructed efforts to achieve belonging; much of which involved the manipulation of appearance, particularly the use of strategic dressing. Through analysis of participants’ treatment of belonging in interaction it was found that, in practice, belonging was formulated as a continuum rather than a dichotomy.

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White, Ross L., University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Social Ecology and Lifelong Learning. "People, place and psyche : belongingness and coping with change in isolation." THESIS_CAESS_SELL_White_R.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/309.

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The thesis set out to explore means of coping with change when in a state of isolation and basic parameters and references in life have been lost. Isolation may be a result of a change in environment, such as an interstate move to take up a new job,or changing from an office environment to home based work. It can result from relational changes such as marriage breakdown or from major life stage changes such as retirement. The first stage of the study involved the establishment of a collaborative group to explore issues that each member had experienced in coping with change. The second stage was an individual exploration of the author's own journey involving changes in work environments and interstate moves. The third stage was a consideration of literature that reflected and supported the thesis, of gathering information from relevant case studies conducted.Out of these stages came the hypothesis that people cope with change in isolation through a sense of belonging associated with several factors.Reflections on the research process and methodologies have been considered and implications arising out of the research are discussed. The thesis concludes with evocations of the impact of the research findings on others.
Master of Science (Hons)(Social Ecology)

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White, Ross Lindsay. "People, place and psyche : belongingness and coping with change in isolation /." View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030409.124037/index.html.

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Tuscherer, Taylor R. "Image Is Everything: Self-Presentation Following Social Exclusion." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1354562810.

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Fristedt, Saga. "Communication, collaboration and belongingness in virtual teams : mapping out enablers and constraints." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DVMT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-40716.

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In an increasingly digital world, virtual work becomes more common every year. Additionally, virtual work has suddenly become the reality for a large part of the world’s population due to the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, a study on virtual teamwork is currently of high relevance. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding and provide knowledge on enablers and constraints for communication, collaboration and belongingness in virtual teams as well as ICTs impact on the virtual teamwork. The study has a phenomenological research design with a qualitative approach. Empirical data has been collected by studying three transnational, virtual teams by conducting six semi-structured individual interviews. The sample was selected through a strategic selection. A thematic analysis has been conducted to compile and analyze the data, which thereafter has been set in relation to the theoretical framework of the study. The enablers found in the results were flexibility and availability for communication, clearly defined roles, high level of both task- and relationship based communication as well as depth of relationships, trust and shared understanding for collaboration, and responsibility, seeing into team members homes and virtual social team activities for belongingness. Additionally, ICTs were found as a main enabler for all themes. The identified constraints were time dispersion for all three themes, as well as virtuality as a whole. Additionally misunderstandings was identified for collaboration and lack of natural and spontaneous social conversation for belongingness. Furthermore, the findings implicate that ICTs with characteristics of richer type in relation to media richness are preferred most of the time to enable a better virtual work climate regards to communication, collaboration and belongingness. However, some criteria for media richness cannot be fully utilized in virtual teams due to time dispersion. Lastly, findings implicate that the choice of ICT based on previous experience, rather than linked to suitability, might hinder an optimal model of ICT usage for a well-functioning virtual team.
I en allt mer digitaliserad värld blir virtuellt arbete vanligare varje år. Virtuellt arbete har dessutom hastigt blivit verklighet för en stor del av världens befolkning på grund av coronapandemin. Därför är en studie om virtuellt teamarbete av hög relevans i dagens samhälle. Syftet med denna studie är att få en djupare förståelse och ge kunskap om möjliggörare och begränsningar för kommunikation, samarbete och tillhörighet i virtuella team samt ICTs inverkan på virtuellt teamarbete. Studien har en fenomenologisk forskningsdesign med ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. Empirisk data har samlats in genom att studera tre transnationella, virtuella team genom genomförandet av sex semi-strukturerade, individuella intervjuer. Intervjupersonerna valdes ut genom ett strategiskt urval. En tematisk analys har genomförts för att sammanställa och analysera data, som sedan satts i förhållande till det teoretiska ramverket för studien. De möjliggörande faktorer som hittades i resultaten var flexibilitet och tillgänglighet för kommunikation, tydligt definierade roller, hög nivå av både uppgifts- och relationsbaserad kommunikation och relationsdjup, förtroende och delad förståelse för samarbete, samt ansvar, att få en inblick i teammedlemmarnas hem och virtuella sociala teamaktiviteter för tillhörighet. Dessutom identifierades ICT som en övergripande möjliggörare. De identifierade begränsningarna var tidsskillnader för alla tre teman samt virtualitet i helhet. Utöver detta var missförstånd identifierat för samarbete och brist på naturlig och spontan social interaktion för tillhörighet. Dessutom visar resultaten på att ICTs med egenskaper av rikare typ i förhållande till media richness oftast föredras för att möjliggöra ett bättre virtuellt arbetsklimat när det gäller kommunikation, samarbete och tillhörighet. Vissa kriterier för media richness kan dock inte utnyttjas fullt ut i virtuella team på grund av tidsskillnader. Slutligen visar studiens resultat på att val av ICT baserat på tidigare erfarenhet, snarare än kopplat till lämplighet, kan hindra en optimal modell för användning av ICT för ett väl fungerande virtuellt team.

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Vaughan-Bonterre, Scott Alexander. "Relationships between White Privilege, Organizational Belongingness, Racial Stereotypes, and Motivation to Lead." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4110.

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Despite changes in the law and efforts by organizational diversity practitioners to expand leadership opportunities for people of color, there is still a sharp contrast in the ratio of white leaders to leaders of color. While much research exists regarding the diversity disparity in leadership, there is little research on factors that influence the motivation to lead. The purpose of this correlational study was to test critical race and leader categorization theories by comparing how the independent variables of white privilege, organizational belongingness, and racial stereotypes affected the dependent variable of motivation to lead of black American versus white American survey respondents. It was hypothesized that the independent variables correlated stronger for white Americans than for black Americans in predicting the motivation to lead. A self-selected sample of 179 adults, drawn from various industries in the United States, completed a voluntary, online survey. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was designed to operationalize study variables and was adapted from existing instruments. Pearson correlations and a multiple linear regression aided in statistically understanding the variables' relationships. Results indicated that effects of white privilege and racial stereotypes had a statistically significant relationship with motivation to lead for black Americans, and organizational belongingness did not. Results also indicated that effects of racial stereotypes had a significant relationship with motivation to lead for the white American population while the other variables did not. This study has implications for positive social change by not only adding a sharper focus on the factors necessary for leaders of color to be successful, but also providing diversity practitioners a north star to change the leadership landscape.

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Cockshaw, Wendell David. "Developing a model of links between general and workplace belongingness and depressive symptoms." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66237/1/Wendell_Cockshaw_Thesis.pdf.

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Given the high prevalence of depression in the community there is urgent need to understand the interpersonal predictors of this disorder. Data from large community samples indicates that a diminished sense of belonging appears to be the most salient and immediate antecedent of a rapid depressive response. Belongingness in the workplace is also very important and associated with depressive symptoms over and above associations attributable to general or community belongingness. Finally it appears that the personality factor of interpersonal sensitivity moderates the relationship between belongingness and depressive symptoms. Results have extensive future implications for the prevention and treatment of depression.

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Shelton, Andrew Jonathan. "Meaning in Life and Psychological Wellness among Latino Immigrants: Role of Attachment, Belongingness, and Hope." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248442/.

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Guided by attachment theory and principles of positive psychology, a conceptual model was developed depicting the direct and indirect effects of attachment insecurity, state hope, belongingness, and meaning in life on wellness indicators (i.e., life satisfaction, physical health, and depression) of first generation Latino immigrants in the U.S. Specifically, the present study proposed that the effects of attachment insecurity on Latino immigrants' wellness would be mediated by two tiers of factors. The first tier consisted of state hope (i.e., general state hope, spiritual state hope, mastery state hope) and sense of belonging (i.e., general belongingness; connectedness with mainstream/ethnic community), which represented individual-level and relational factors, respectively, salient in Latino culture. Greater attachment insecurity was hypothesized to contribute to a compromised MIL and poorer wellness by decreasing state hope and sense of belongingness. A total of 352 first-generation Latino immigrants from Texas participated in this study. The exploratory factor analysis on the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale revealed a two-factor factor structure that is different from the two factors of adult attachment typically found with American samples (i.e., anxiety and avoidance). The emerged two factors represent anxious-distancing attachment and comfort-seeking attachment. Results from structural equation modeling analysis showed adequate model fit with the data. The final model indicated that the effects of comfort-seeking attachment on wellness were fully mediated by two layers of mediators (belongingness and state hope as the first layer and meaning in life as the second layer). In addition, the effect of anxious-distancing attachment on wellness was fully mediated by belongingness and meaning in life but not through state hope. Bootstrap methods were used to assess the significance magnitude of these indirect effects. Comfort-seeking attachment explained 13% of the variance in state hope and both attachment variables explained 36% of the variance in sense of belongingness. Anxious-distancing attachment, comfort-seeking attachment, state hope, and sense of belongingness explained 78% of the variance in meaning in life, and the overall model explained 75% of the variance in wellness. Limitations, future directions, and implications for counseling and theory are discussed from attachment theory, positive psychology, and immigration perspectives.

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Emery, Debra Joy Tepora. "E hoki ki to maunga: The quintessential elements of home." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2552.

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He kopu puta tahi, he taura whiri tātou; whiringa a nuku, whiringa a rangi, te whatia e Issue of one womb, we are a rope woven of many strands; woven on earth, woven in heaven, it will not break (Rev Māori Marsden, 1992) Ngati Te Takinga is a hapū (sub-tribe) belonging to the Iwi (tribe) Ngati Pikiao. An affiliated member of the Te Arawa confederation of tribes, Ngati Pikiao occupies the Okere and Rotoiti Lakes district of Rotorua in the central North Island of Aotearoa New Zealand. This thesis seeks to acknowledge and address the concerns that Ngati Te Takinga has regarding impending cultural discontinuity. The concerns arise due to the hapū's limited human capability and capacity being the result of three things. Firstly, the ongoing demise of tribal elders (and leaders) and the subsequent loss to the hapū of cultural knowledge, skills, leadership and expertise. Secondly, the low numbers of adept, culturally proficient successors 'coming through' (to replace the elders) and finally, the detribalised and diasporic (dispersed) nature of our people. The hapū and the marae Te Takinga (a last outwardly discernible bastion of Ngati Te Takinga cultural identity and distinction) are jeopardised as a result of these phenomenon. This thesis is part of a hapū strategy that attempts to address these problems. Positing the reconnection of our dispersed Ngati Te Takinga 'away-dwellers' as a beginning solution, the central questions raised by this thesis are how [does] Ngati Te Takinga 'home-dweller' discourse impact on the 'coming home' experiences and 'reconnection' of Ngati Te Takinga away-dwellers? and what are the [are there] implications for Ngati Te Takinga cultural continuity? The maintenance of Ngati Te Takinga cultural continuity forms the aho mātua or main thread of this work. Using narrative enquiry as a broad methodological framework,stories were gathered from four different groups of Ngati Te Takinga peoples. The groups were home-dwellers (mana whenua or ahi kaa), te ahi tere (away-dwellers who have returned home to live); te ahi tere (away-dwellers who intend returning in the future) and te ahi tere (away-dwellers who have no intention of returning home to live). The stories (narratives) investigated notions of home, belongingness and Māori identity in relation to the trichotomy of the connection, disconnection and the reconnection of Ngati Te Takinga peoples; the stories were analysed and co-constructed with participants for meaning. The stories showed that while the hapū aspires to gather up the strengths of a dispersed people to reinvigorate our culture and the marae, existing and competing discourses around authenticity, authority and Ngati Te Takinga identity create a tension between the home (mana whenua/ahi kaa) and away-dwelling Ngati Te Takinga people; including those away-dwellers who have returned. As a basic requirement, this tension must be diminished in order to build the relationships necessary to improve hapū allegiance (whānaungatanga), to build hapū strength and to maintain hapū culture and identity. As a priority, decolonising strategies that facilitate an understanding of diversity, promote participation, maintain tikanga and include our away-dwellers, our 'returnees' and/or our disconnected people in our hapū-marae interactions, must be considered, developed, promoted and practiced.

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Forrest, Lauren N. "Do eating disorder symptoms predict suicidal desire among eating disorder patients? An examination of the Interpersonal Psychological–Theory of Suicide." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1444730237.

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Ortiz, Francisco B. "ETHNIC IDENTITY AND SENSE OF SCHOOL BELONGINGNESS: BEHAVIORS AND BELIEFS OF IMMIGRANT HISPANIC STUDENTS AND PARENTS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/55.

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For many decades, the number of minority students, particularly Hispanics, dropping out from school has been noticeable to say the least (Rumberger, 1995). These students have in the past and continue in the present to struggle with the educational system, and it is certain, but not clear, that various factors contribute to Hispanics’ poor academic performance and not being able to graduate from High School (Rumbaut & Cornelius, 1995). Some of these factors are organized in three groups: School-Related; Parental-Related; and Student-Related. Thus, this study is an attempt to understand how immigrant students and parents are currently responding to the challenges of dealing with a foreign educational system. The focus is primarily on how students have to manage a sense of identity while they are trying to incorporate to their schools, and how parents are supporting their children and keeping a dialogue with the schools. It was hypothesized that students’ overall ethnic identity would correlate significantly with students’ psychological sense of school belonging. Quantitative results showed no statistical correlations between students’ ethnic identity and students’ sense of school membership. A forced entry multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate if any of the subscale scores on the MEIM predicted sense of school belongingness. The predictors were Affirmation and Belonging, Ethnic Identity Achievement, Ethnic Behaviors, and Other-group orientation, while the criterion variable was the total score on the PSSM. The Affirmation and Belonging subscale was the only subscale that was significantly related to psychological sense of school belongingness.

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Warner, Ryan C. "The Role of Racial Microaggressions, Belongingness, and Coping in African American Psychology Doctoral Students' Well-Being." Thesis, Marquette University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10929372.

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Research has indicated that African American undergraduate students experience racial microaggressions within their university contexts, and these experiences are associated with negative outcomes such as symptoms of depression and anxiety (Cokely, Hall-Clark, & Hicks, 2011; Nadal, 2011; Nadal, et al., 2014). Little is known about the experience of microaggressions and their effects on African American doctoral students, particularly those within the field of psychology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between racial microaggressions, sense of belonging, coping strategies (problem solving, social support and avoidance), and psychological well-being among African American doctoral students in psychology. Results revealed that every participant had experienced at least one racial microaggression in their doctoral program within the last six months, with the most common types being related to environment and assumptions of inferiority. Contrary to hypotheses, results from a hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggested that racial microaggressions did not significantly predict psychological well-being in this sample. Findings also did not provide evidence for social support, problem solving, avoidance, or sense of belonging as moderators for the negative impact of microaggressions. Overall, the results of this study suggest that African American doctoral students in psychology experience racial microaggressions, but questions remain about the effects of these experiences on psychological well-being. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

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Rogers, Megan L., Jessica Kelliher-Rabon, Christopher R. Hagan, Jameson K. Hirsch, and Thomas E. Joiner. "Negative Emotions in Veterans Relate to Suicide Risk Through Feelings of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/851.

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BACKGROUND: Suicide rates among veterans are disproportionately high compared to rates among the general population. Veterans may experience a number of negative emotions (e.g., anger, self-directed hostility, shame, guilt) during periods of postwar adjustment and reintegration into civilian life that may uniquely confer risk for suicide. Mechanisms of these associations, however, are less well studied. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between negative emotions and suicide risk in veterans through the theoretical framework of the interpersonal theory of suicide. METHODS: A large sample of veterans (N = 541) completed measures assessing their negative emotions, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicide risk. RESULTS: Self-directed hostility and shame related indirectly to suicide risk through both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Thwarted belongingness accounted for the association between anger and suicide risk, whereas perceived burdensomeness accounted for the relationship between guilt and suicide risk. LIMITATIONS: This study had a cross-sectional design and relied solely on self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence for the role of negative emotions in conferring risk for suicide in veterans. Clinical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

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Aud, Joelle E. "Sports as a moderator of the effect of parent marital status and belongingness on achievement and behavior." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/866.

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Parent marital status is a highly influential variable within the family context, as it can serve as a protective factor in many ways. However, it can also be a risk factor for youth. Despite the large body of literature that delineates the benefits of sports participation and the negative outcomes associated with divorce, researchers have yet to examine the impact of athletic participation on youth who have experienced familial disruptions, such as divorce, separation, and remarriage. Sports participation was chosen as a moderating variable in the present study, as it is believed to serve as a protective factor for those who experience parental divorce. Specifically, the present study aims to answer the following research question: Does sports participation moderate the effects of parent marital status and belongingness on achievement and behavior problems after controlling for sex, socioeconomic status, and maternal education? Many theoretical mechanisms support the hypothesis that positive outcomes are be associated with sporting programs, such as Social Capital Theory, as well as theories associated with 7 motivation and belonging. This study analyzed data collected as part of the NICHDSECCYD comprehensive longitudinal study. Specifically, the effects of parent marital status and belongingness on academic achievement were analyzed in AMOS 22, using a multiple group path model with sports participation as a moderator. Although results did not support sports participation as a moderator, findings supported previous research that connects intact, two-parent marriages with positive outcomes for youth.

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Chu, Carol, Melanie A. Hom, Megan L. Rogers, Ian H. Stanley, Fallon B. Ringer-Moberg, Matthew C. Podlogar, Jameson K. Hirsch, and Thomas E. Joiner. "Insomnia and Suicide-Related Behaviors: A Multi-Study Investigation of Thwarted Belongingness as a Distinct Explanatory Factor." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/853.

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Background: Insomnia is a robust correlate of suicidal ideation and behavior. Preliminary research has identified thwarted belongingness (c.f. social disconnection) as an explanatory link between insomnia and suicidal ideation. Objectives: This study replicates and extends previous findings using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in four demographically diverse samples. Additionally, the specificity of thwarted belongingness was evaluated by testing anxiety as a rival mediator. Method: Self-report measures of insomnia symptoms, thwarted belongingness, suicidal ideation and behavior, and anxiety were administered in four adult samples: 469 undergraduate students, 352 psychiatric outpatients, 858 firefighters, and 217 primary care patients. Results: More severe insomnia was associated with more severe thwarted belongingness and suicidality. Thwarted belongingness significantly accounted for the association between insomnia and suicidality, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, beyond anxiety. Notably, findings supported the specificity of thwarted belongingness: anxiety did not significantly mediate the association between insomnia and suicidality, and insomnia did not mediate the relation between thwarted belongingness and suicidality. Limitations: This study relied solely on self-report measures. Future studies incorporating objective sleep measurements are needed. Conclusion: Findings underscore the utility of assessing and addressing sleep disturbances and social disconnection to reduce suicide risk.

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Hurtado, Alvarado Maria Gabriela. "Evidence for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in a Clinical Sample in Mexico." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1431128547.

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Hirsch, Jameson K., Fuschia M. Sirois, Preston Lee Visser, Byron D. Brooks, Niko Kohls, Martin Offenbacher, and Loren Toussaint. "Perceived Stigma and Health-Related Quality of Life in the Working Uninsured: Does Thwarted Belongingness Play a Role?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000116.

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The extent to which individuals perceive stigma from others and internalize stigmatizing beliefs is increasingly recognized as a contributor to psychological and physical distress. Individuals in poverty may feel increasingly stigmatized as a result of financial hardship; however, little research has examined the linkage of financial stigma to health outcomes, nor the potential underlying explanatory mechanisms of such an association. According to self-determination theory, loss of social capital, which often occurs when a person is stigmatized, may deleteriously affect health outcomes, yet this premise has not been tested. We assessed the incremental impact of sociodemographic characteristics, and experienced and internalized financial stigma, on health-related quality of life (HRQL), as well as the mediating effect of belongingness, in a sample of 100 working, uninsured primary care patients. Results confirmed that experienced and internalized perceived stigma contributed additional variance, over the effects of sociodemographic factors, to poor HRQL, and belongingness was a significant mediator. Financial stigma may increase isolation, reducing opportunities for meaningful social connections, thereby deleteriously impacting mental and physical health outcomes. Therapeutically addressing stigma, and bolstering social connectedness, may improve HRQL in the underserved and impoverished.

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Hangartner, Renee Brown. "The Association between Sexual Harassment and Suicidality Among College Women." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5961.

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The prevalence of sexual harassment among college women has been reported to range from 33% to 97% (Klein, Apple, & Khan, 2011; Yoon, Funk, & Kropf, 2010) across the lifespan. In any one year of college, the prevalence of sexual harassment reported by women ranges from 33% to 57% (Crown & Roberts, 2007; Huerta, Cortina, Pang, Torges, & Magley, 2006). The severity and frequency of sexual harassment has been found to be related to reports of psychological distress (Nielsen & Einarsen, 2012), feelings of shame (Yoon et al., 2010), anxiety and depression symptoms (Murdoch, Pryor, Polusny, & Gackstetter, 2007), and social isolation (Pershing, 2003). These consequences of sexual harassment are concerning given the association between depression, isolation, and suicidality (Boardman, Grimbaldeston, Handley, Jones, & Willmott, 1999; DeWall, Gilman, Sharif, Carboni, & Rice, 2012). While there are numerous studies documenting the negative consequences experienced by women who are sexually harassed, little is known about the relationship of sexual harassment to the more severe negative outcomes of suicidal ideation and self-harm behaviors and what variables might facilitate this hypothesized relationship. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore whether the experience of sexual harassment is related to increased suicidality and if this hypothesized relationship is mediated or moderated by other factors such as an individual’s response style and/or degree of connection to or isolation from others.

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Willmore, Sharman Empson. "Healthy Communities: The role of neighborhood support, safety, and belongingness as predictors of physical and mental health of Appalachians." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428068635.

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Mmatli, Thato. "Do I belong here? Conditions and micro-diffussions in the South African milieu which proliferate the emigration of potential leaders." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65126.

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A plethora of interdisciplinary research has highlighted the increase of global mobility and diasporic communities. While talent emigration has shown to have a multiplicity of benefits, particularly as gaining diversified sets of skills is essential in the face of globalization. However, widely researched concepts such as the ‘brain drain’ have conveyed the dark side of talent emigration and the ramification of countries’ desiccation for scarce skills. With a history fraught with tensions and immense loss of talent, South Africa is a country in continuous transformation, but is on the cusp of another significant ‘brain drain’. Hence, this study aimed to explore the micro-diffusions and conditions in the South African context which proliferate the emigration of talented potential leaders. The research design was qualitative, with specific use of the actors approach as methodology to gain insight into perspectives of South Africans living, working and studying in Sweden. Twenty-one participants from five cities were involved in the focus group dialogues, namely; Gothenburg, Kalmar, Lund, Linköping and Stockholm. As a participant-observer, I too was involved in the sense-making of how talent delineated their identities and relation to South Africa. Certain aspects of the findings were expected regarding the conditions which serve as push factors for emigration, such as participants’ frustrations and despondency with increasing rates of crime, unemployment and corruption. However, the most accentuated and poignant micro-diffusion which perpetuates talent’s emigration derives from conflicts of identity and belongingness, deep-seated inherited guilt and helplessness. Whilst there is a desire to ameliorate the social ills which plague the country, there also seems to be a palpable need for escapism away from the persistent historical complexities of South Africa.

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Trujillo, Alejandro. "Social exclusion and intimate partner violence: The impact of belongingness needs on tolerance of abusive behaviors in a romantic relationship." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1541508269864443.

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Begen, Fiona Margaret. "The impact of psychosocial belonging on physical health and well-being : an investigation into the roles of belongingness and self-esteem." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547616.

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Nichols, Sharon Louise. "The role of belongingness in middle school students' motivational adaptation to a new school setting: Do fresh starts make a difference." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289904.

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This was a study of 45 sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade students who attended a newly formed charter school in a large metropolitan city in the Southwest. The purpose was to explore students' conceptions of belongingness in two school contexts and to analyze how conceptions may (or may not) have changed over time and from one school context to another. Interview methods were employed to obtain both closed- and open-ended student responses. Results suggested that the role of student choice in changing schools is significantly related to whether students felt they belong. Further, students varied in their belongingness conceptions with some students emphasizing the importance of interpersonal relationships and others emphasizing academic achievement or opportunity. Results were used to generate a preliminary model of Fresh Starts Motivation (FSM) that describes the role of students' conceptions of belongingness as it exists and evolves through a major transition. Implications for future research on student belongingness are described.

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Chu, Carol, Kristin L. Walker, Ian H. Stanley, Jameson K. Hirsch, Jeffrey H. Greenberg, M. David Rudd, and Thomas E. Joiner. "Perceived Problem-Solving Deficits and Suicidal Ideation: Evidence for the Explanatory Roles of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness in Five Samples." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/843.

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Perceived social problem-solving deficits are associated with suicide risk; however, little research has examined the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes 2 mechanisms in the pathogenesis of suicidal desire: intractable feelings of thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB). This study tested whether TB and PB serve as explanatory links in the relationship between perceived social problem-solving (SPS) deficits and suicidal thoughts and behaviors cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The specificity of TB and PB was evaluated by testing depression as a rival mediator. Self-report measures of perceived SPS deficits, TB, PB, suicidal ideation, and depression were administered in 5 adult samples: 336 and 105 undergraduates from 2 universities, 53 homeless individuals, 222 primary care patients, and 329 military members. Bias-corrected bootstrap mediation and meta-analyses were conducted to examine the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects, and the proposed mediation paths were tested using zero-inflated negative binomial regressions. Cross-sectionally, TB and PB were significant parallel mediators of the relationship between perceived SPS deficits and ideation, beyond depression. Longitudinally and beyond depression, in 1 study, both TB and PB emerged as significant explanatory factors, and in the other, only PB was a significant mediator. Findings supported the specificity of TB and PB: Depression and SPS deficits were not significant mediators. The relationship between perceived SPS deficits and ideation was explained by interpersonal theory variables, particularly PB. Findings support a novel application of the interpersonal theory, and bolster a growing compendium of literature implicating perceived SPS deficits in suicide risk.

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Hom, Melanie A., Carol Chu, Matthew E. Schneider, Ingrid C. Lim, Jameson K. Hirsch, Peter M. Gutierrez, and Thomas E. Joiner. "Thwarted Belongingness as an Explanatory Link Between Insomnia Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation: Findings from Three Samples of Military Service Members and Veterans." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/698.

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Background: Although insomnia has been identified as a robust predictor of suicidal ideation and behaviors, little is known about the mechanisms by which sleep disturbances confer risk for suicide. We investigated thwarted belongingness as an explanatory link between insomnia symptoms and suicidal ideation across three military service member and veteran samples. Methods: Data were collected among United States military service members and veterans (N1=937, N2=3,386, N3=417) who completed self-report measures of insomnia symptoms, thwarted belongingness, suicidal ideation, and related psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety, hopelessness). Bias-corrected bootstrap mediation analyses were utilized to examine the indirect effects of insomnia symptoms on suicidal ideation through thwarted belongingness, controlling for related psychiatric symptoms. Results: Consistent with study hypotheses, thwarted belongingness significantly accounted for the relationship between insomnia and suicidal ideation across all three samples; however, insomnia symptoms did not significantly account for the relationship between thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation, highlighting the specificity of our findings. Limitations: This study utilized cross-sectional self-report data. Conclusions: Insomnia may confer suicide risk for military service members and veterans, in part, through the pathway of thwarted belongingness. Additional prospective studies are warranted to further delineate this model of risk. Our results offer a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of suicide, via the promotion of belongingness, among service members and veterans experiencing insomnia symptoms.

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Shin, Hwayeon Helene, and helene shin@abs gov au. "Institutional safe space and shame management in workplace bullying." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061114.142503.

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This study addresses the question of how an individuals perception of the safety of his or her institutional space impacts on shame management skills. Shame has been widely recognised as a core emotion that can readily take the form of anger and violence in interpersonal relationships if it is unresolved. When shame is not acknowledged properly, feelings of shame build up and lead to shame-rage spirals that break down social bonds between people. Some might consider the total avoidance of shame experiences as a way to cut the link between shame and violence. However, there is a reason why we cannot just discard the experience of shame. Shame is a self-regulatory emotion (Braithwaite, 1989, 2002; Ahmed et al., 2001). If one feels shame over wrongdoing, one is less likely to re-offend in the future. That is to say, shame is a destructive emotion on the one hand in the way it can destroy our social bonds, but on the other hand, it is a moral emotion that reflects capacity to regulate each other and ourselves. This paradoxical nature of shame gives rise to the necessity of managing shame in a socially adaptive way. A group of scholars in the field of shame has argued that institutions can be designed in such a way that they create safe space that allows people to feel shame and manage shame without its adverse consequences (Ahmed et al., 2001). This means that people would feel safe to acknowledge shame and accept the consequences of their actions without fear of stigmatisation or the disruption of social bonds. Without fear, there would be less likelihood of displacing shame, that is, blaming others and expressing shame as anger towards others. The context adopted for empirically examining shame management in this study is workplace bullying. Bullying has become a dangerous phenomenon in our workplace that imposes significant costs on employers, employees, their families and industries as a whole (Einarsen et al., 2003a). Teachers belong to a professional group that is reputed to be seriously affected by bullying at work. Teachers from Australia and Korea completed self-report questionnaires anonymously. Three shame management styles were identified: shame acknowledgement, shame displacement and (shame) withdrawal. The likely strengths of these shame management styles were investigated in terms of three factors postulated as contributions to institutional safe space: that is, 1) cultural value orientations, 2) the salience of workgroup identity, and 3) problem resolution practices at work. The present thesis suggests that further consideration should be given to institutional interventions that support and maintain institutional safe space and that encourage shame acknowledgement, while dampening the adverse effect of defensive shame management. The evidence presented in this thesis is a first step in demonstrating that institutional safe space and shame management skills are empirically measurable, are relevant in other cultural contexts and address issues that are at the heart of the human condition everywhere........ [For the full Abstract, see the PDF files below]

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Osueke, Jasmine. "An analysis on the exclusion amongst Afro-Swedes in the Swedish labour market : Its consequences on their feelings of trust and social belongingness." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18581.

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Chu, Carol, Melanie A. Hom, Jameson K. Hirsch, and Thomas E. Joiner. "Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness Explain the Relationship Between Sleep Problems and Suicide Risk Among Adults Identifying as Sexual and/or Gender Minorities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5552.

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Sleep problems are robust suicide risk correlates. According to the interpersonal theory of suicide, thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) may explain the link between sleep problems and suicide risk. This study examined these relationships among 331 community-dwelling adults identifying as sexual and/or gender minorities. Self-report measures of sleep problems, TB, PB, suicide risk, and anxiety were completed. Bootstrap mediation analyses were conducted to test TB and PB as interacting, individual, and parallel explanatory factors linking sleep problems and suicide risk. Sleep problems were associated with greater TB, PB, and suicide risk. TB and PB, in parallel and individually, accounted for the relationship between sleep problems and suicide risk, beyond age and anxiety. In contrast to the interpersonal theory, the indirect effect of PB was stronger at lower levels of TB and the indirect effect of TB was stronger at lower levels of PB. Exploratory analyses indicated significant differences between sexual minorities, gender minorities, and individuals identifying as both sexual and gender minorities: the indirect effect of sleep problems on suicide risk through PB was descriptively strongest among sexual minorities, and the indirect effect through TB was descriptively stronger among gender minorities and individuals identifying with both minority groups. Findings suggest that intervening upon TB and PB may thwart the trajectory from sleep problems to suicide risk among sexual and gender minorities. Further work is needed to determine whether suicide risk pathways differ across minority groups.

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Chang, Edward C., Emma R. Kahle, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Understanding How Domestic Abuse Is Associated With Greater Depressive Symptoms in a Community Sample of Female Primary Care Patients: Does Loss of Belongingness Matter?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/665.

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This study examined the relationship between domestic abuse, belongingness, and depressive symptoms in a community sample of 71 female primary care patients. As expected, domestic abuse was associated with greater depressive symptoms. Results from conducting mediation analyses, including bootstrapping techniques, provided strong convergent support for a model in which the hypothesized effect of domestic abuse on depressive symptoms in women is mediated by a loss of belongingness. Noteworthy, even after controlling for content overlap between measures of belongingness and depressive symptoms, the mediation model remained significant. Some implications of the present findings are discussed.

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Clark, Brian. "Is Belongingness the Key to Increasing Student Wellness and Success? A Longitudinal Field Study of a Social-Psychological Intervention and a University’s Residential Communities." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20718.

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Institutions of higher education are replete with programs designed to position incoming undergraduate students to successfully persist toward a degree and to do and be well along the way. This longitudinal field study of incoming students’ transitional year focused on outcomes associated with two common types of program: bridge programs and living-learning programs. Bridge programs are intended to boost achievement and persistence of structurally disadvantaged (e.g., low-income) students to close the gap between them and their more advantaged peers, usually with some combination of financial and academic support. Living-learning programs are intended to generally promote achievement and persistence through the intentional formation of communities in which groups of students live together in wings of residence halls and engage in curricular and/or cocurricular activities together. Social-psychological interventions have been inspired by critiques that such programs inadequately support students who are at a structural disadvantage. Specifically, critiques have argued that financial and academic support are insufficient, that students also need psychological support. To strongly test that claim, I replicated one of these interventions within a bridge program and examined whether it affected students’ wellness and success at the end of their transitional year, over and above the bridge program itself. I also examined whether living-learning programs contributed to students’ wellness and success over and above living in conventional residence halls, and whether either of those two types of residential groups differed from students living off-campus. Results from the intervention did not fit the theoretical framework on which it was based, the same framework contextualized in the bridge program, or an alternative framework on which other similar interventions are based. Results regarding residential groups suggest that living-learning communities did not augment wellness or success, at least at the particular institution under study. Rather, living on campus generally is associated with a greater sense of social-belonging, higher life satisfaction, more extracurricular activity, and taking advantage of campus resources. Practical advice and recommendations for administrators and researchers are outlined in the Discussion.

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Clark, Brian A. M. "Is belongingness the key to increasing student wellness and success? A longitudinal field study of a social-psychological intervention and a university?s residential communities." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10193564.

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Institutions of higher education are replete with programs designed to position incoming undergraduate students to successfully persist toward a degree and to do and be well along the way. This longitudinal field study of incoming students’ transitional year focused on outcomes associated with two common types of program: bridge programs and living-learning programs. Bridge programs are intended to boost achievement and persistence of structurally disadvantaged (e.g., low-income) students to close the gap between them and their more advantaged peers, usually with some combination of financial and academic support. Living-learning programs are intended to generally promote achievement and persistence through the intentional formation of communities in which groups of students live together in wings of residence halls and engage in curricular and/or cocurricular activities together. Social-psychological interventions have been inspired by critiques that such programs inadequately support students who are at a structural disadvantage. Specifically, critiques have argued that financial and academic support are insufficient, that students also need psychological support. To strongly test that claim, I replicated one of these interventions within a bridge program and examined whether it affected students’ wellness and success at the end of their transitional year, over and above the bridge program itself. I also examined whether living-learning programs contributed to students’ wellness and success over and above living in conventional residence halls, and whether either of those two types of residential groups differed from students living off-campus.

Results from the intervention did not fit the theoretical framework on which it was based, the same framework contextualized in the bridge program, or an alternative framework on which other similar interventions are based. Results regarding residential groups suggest that living-learning communities did not augment wellness or success, at least at the particular institution under study. Rather, living on campus generally is associated with a greater sense of social-belonging, higher life satisfaction, more extracurricular activity, and taking advantage of campus resources. Practical advice and recommendations for administrators and researchers are outlined in the Discussion.

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Zouras, Ellen. "'Belonging' as a concept in placemaking: Exploring perceptions in Ikaria, Greece : A study of belonging in the elderly in the Greek Blue Zone of Ikaria." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301664.

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Globally, increased length-of-life trends parallel the rise in reported levels of loneliness. Social connectedness is associated with a 50% reduced risk of premature mortality, and research has shown there is a moderately strong association between people who are lonely and people who have an unmet desire to belong. As so, urban planners and designers continually try to understand place relationships within communities to better the health and welfare of future generations. This thesis acknowledges there is a gap of understanding how the built and natural environment play a role in an increased sense of belonging, thus contributing to an alleviation of reported feelings of loneliness and potentially increasing length and quality of life. Utilizing the ‘Blue Zone’ island of Ikaria as a case study, where residents commonly live well beyond 90 and 100 years, this thesis aims to better understand connections between longevity and the physical environment for the longest-lived, cataloguing how these connections influence feelings of belonging. The research consists of a site visit to Ikaria, Greece, where data was collected over the period of five days, employing interview and field observation methods. Drawing from key concepts within environmental psychology and placemaking, the work critically explores the perceptions of Ikarian elders and the public space they regularly inhabit, as well as their role in contributing to sense of place and feelings of belonging. The conclusion offers suggestions on how urban planners might take these findings into consideration, as it is of great importance for planning professionals to better understand individual perceptions of their environment, which may help prevent alienation and increase overall wellbeing.

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Altier, Heather R. "Thwarted Interpersonal Needs, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances in Primary Care: Does Gratitude Help You Sleep?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3797.

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Sleep disturbances are prevalent in primary care patients and can be exacerbated by interpersonal dysfunction and depression. As well, thwarted interpersonal needs (TIN), including thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, contribute to depression. However, the presence of gratitude, a cognitive-emotional protective factor, may improve symptoms. We longitudinally examined the mediating role of depressive symptoms on the relation between TIN and sleep disturbances, and the moderating role of gratitude on the TIN-sleep disturbances and depression-sleep disturbances linkages. Our primary care patient sample (N = 223) completed self-report surveys at baseline (T1) and at a one-year follow-up (T2; n = 97). Patients with greater TIN reported more depressive symptoms (T1) and, in turn, increased sleep disturbances (T2). Gratitude did not moderate the belongingness model but, in the burdensomeness model, buffered the linkage between burdensomeness and sleep disturbances and strengthened the relation between depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.

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Ekman, Magnus. "Att hantera förutfattade meningar : En kvalitativ studie om finska romers identitetsskapande." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-30775.

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Det övergripande syftet i denna uppsats är att studera finska romers identitetsskapande. De frågeställningar som studien avser att besvara utgörs av hur finska romer anser att de blir bemötta utifrån de stereotypa föreställningar som finns och om stigmatiseringen påverkar deras identitetskapande. Studien tillämpar ett kvalitativt angreppssätt baserat på fyra intervjuer. Studiens teoretiska ram består av Erving Goffmans teori om stigma och Randall Collins teori om sociala ritualer. Arbetet visar att det finns ett diskriminerande bemötande som bygger på fördomar av gruppen finska romer och för att hantera dessa är deras grupptillhörighet viktig. I den skapas emotionella energier genom gemensamma traditioner som bidrar till att känna samhörighet och trygghet. Gruppen är avgörande för identiteten och i ett majoritetssamhälle som präglas av stereotypa föreställningar om finska romer är gruppen ännu viktigare för att identiteten ska kunna upprätthållas och utvecklas.
The aim of the thesis is to study how the identities of Finnish romani are affected by prejudgments within the society. The main questions addressed are how individuals feel they are being treated in relation to the existing stereotypical images of Finnish romani and whether the social stigma affects their identities. The qualitative study is based on interviews with four Finnish romani. The theoretical framework of the study includes Erving Goffman’s theory on stigma and Randall Collin’s theory regarding social rituals. The study shows that Finnish romani are treated in a discriminating manner due to the existing prejudgement of the group. To handle this discrimination the individuals set a high value in being part of the ethnic group. Common traditions within the group bring emotional satisfaction and feelings of shelter and connectedness to the individuals. In general, being part of a group (ethnic or not) affects the identity of the person. For Finnish romani that holds particularly true, however, due to the prevailing prejudgement of the group within the society. As such, for a Finish romani, the group is of profound importance for the maintenance and the development of the identity.

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Bailey, James Woodrow. "Suicide Attempt Impact on United States Coast Guard Career Retention." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7912.

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Suicide is of great concern nationally and has become a significant social problem within the last 10years. One group of growing concern is those who served in the United States Coast Guard (USCG) and the impact of a suicide attempt on their career retention. Previous studies had focused on potential risk factors that may lead an individual to attempt suicide, but there was limited research on the impact of a suicide attempt on an individual's career retention. It was unknown if the desire of USCG veterans to retain their career can primarily influence their decision not to attempt suicide. The experiential impact of suicide on the career retention of the participants was examined in this study. The study method was planned to be a qualitative phenomenological study but changed to a qualitative descriptive design. The theoretical framework comprised an application of Joiner's interpersonal psychological theory of suicidal behavior and Tinto's integration model for retention relevance and practical implications. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data from 12 USCG veterans to address the primary research question as to the lived experience of USCG members who have attempted suicide while on active duty that are currently veterans. NVivo analysis indicated that participants experienced difficulties with career, work, and personal relationships before their suicide attempt. Themes were similar for participants who stayed or left service after a suicide attempt. The results also indicated that all participants needed to receive support from people in their life after the attempts. Data suggested peer support was critical for retention and contributed to the promotion of a confident, healthy workforce and social growth in communities and society after an attempted suicide.

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Segerlund, Johanna. "En studie om ensamkommande ungas upplevelser och reaktioner vid utsatthet för diskriminering och vardagsrasism." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-5932.

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De senaste åren har antalet människor som tvingats på flykt från sina hemländer ökat markant med cirka 17 miljoner jämfört med 2011. Ett antal av dessa flyktingar är barn under 18 år som skiljts från sina föräldrar och som sökt sig till Sverige i hopp om att få en tryggare tillvaro samt ett bättre liv. Sveriges kommuner har ansvaret för det praktiska mottagandet och socialnämnden har det yttersta ansvaret för de ungas hälsa, vilket innebär att personal runt de ensamkommande unga måste kunna identifiera om de unga far illa. Tidigare forskning har uppmärksammat att ensamkommande unga utestängs och utsätts för rasistiska fördomar samt bristande tolerans för deras kultur och språk. Tidigare forskningsstudier har dock gett en delad bild av hur ensamkommande unga reagerar när de möts med diskriminering och vardagsrasism och därför har denna studies syfte varit att undersöka de ensamkommande ungas upplevelser och reaktioner i sådana situationer. Studien har haft en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och induktivt angreppssätt. Åtta ensamkommande unga, mellan 17 till 18 år, deltog i studien och som datainsamlingsmetod användes semistrukturerade intervjuer. De två övergripande teman som genererades var de ungas tankar om det svenska samhället och de ungas tankar om hur omgivningen bemöter dem. Vid analysen användes hermeneutisk meningstolkning och teorier om rasifiering och vardagsrasism. Slutsatserna från studien var att ensamkommande unga bemöts med uteslutslutning och samhälleliga negativa föreställningar om deras kultur och identitet samt att de i viss mån utsätts för olika former av rasistiskt motstånd. Studien visar även att de ensamkommande unga har reagerat med känslor av frustration, besvikelse, maktlöshet, utanförskap och rädslor i kontakt med svenskar.
The number of people forced to be refugees have increased tremendously in the last few years. Some of these refugees are minors under the age of 18 who are separated from their parents and families and come to Sweden in the hope of getting safer and better life. Sweden has municipalities and social welfare boards which are responsible for the reception of the minors and the minors’ health respectively. For these units to give proper help to the unaccompanied minors, they must be able to identify if the minors are exposed to bad situations. Previous researches have shown that unaccompanied children are exposed to discrimination and racial stereotyping in addition to less tolerance to their culture and language. These researches, however, have different picture of how the unaccompanied minors react when they face discrimination and daily-racism. Therefore, this research studied unaccompanied children with the purpose of finding out their experience and reaction related to discrimination. The study has followed a qualitative research strategy with inductive approach. Eight unaccompanied minors between 17–18 years old participated in the study and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The two overall themes generated were the minors thought about the Swedish society and their though about how this society meets them. The collected data was analyzed using hermeneutic interpretation and theories of racialization and daily-racism. The study reached to the conclusion that the unaccompanied children faced exclusions, societal misconception about their culture and identity and to some extent exposure to different forms of racial resistance. The study also showed that the unaccompanied minors have reacted with feelings of frustration, disappointment, powerlessness, alienation and fear towards the Swedish society.

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43

Duncan, Cole Ellington. "Affect Intensity, Masculine Gender Norm Conformity, & Suicide." Xavier University Psychology / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xupsy1630350767937869.

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44

Kennedy, Gary John. "The Influence of Academic Values and Belongingness Concerns on Achievement Goals, Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Stress in First Quarter Freshmen: Relationships to Academic Performance and the Mediating Role of Procrastination." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1244143410.

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45

Visser, Preston Lee. "Health-Related Quality of Life in the Working Uninsured: Conditional Indirect Effects Of Perceived Stigma via Vitality and Interpersonal Needs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1468.

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Stigmatization involves the application of labels to individuals in social contexts, leading to impaired access to social, economic, and political power. Although actual stigmatizing beliefs that society holds about particular groups are important, the extent to which individuals themselves perceive stigma from others and internalize stigmatizing beliefs is being increasingly recognized as a cause of psychological and physical distress. Little research has been done on explanatory mechanisms of the relations between perceived stigma and health outcomes, particularly in the area of stigma related to finances. Two important dimensions of overall health include depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life. According to Self-Determination Theory feeling controlled by external forces decreases subjective vitality, a measure of energy that is available to self for engaging in life pursuits. Changes in subjective vitality may, in turn, affect health outcomes. Interpersonal variables including how connected one feels with others and whether or not one feels like a burden may affect the manner in which stigma relates to subjective vitality and health. In the current study a sample of 100 individuals receiving medical treatment from a primary clinic that targets the working uninsured population in a region of Appalachia completed questionnaires assessing for perceived stigma of finances, depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life, subjective vitality, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness. Results confirmed that experienced and internalized perceived stigma were moderately associated with poorer health outcomes and lower subjective vitality. Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were, likewise, associated with worse health outcomes. In mediation analyses subjective vitality significantly explained the relations between each dimension of stigma and each outcome. Subsequent conditional indirect effect analyses found that thwarted belongingness moderated the mediation effect for some of the models by impacting the relation between stigma and subjective vitality or by moderating the relation between subjective vitality and the dependent variable. The findings suggest the importance of subjective vitality and feelings of belongingness in understanding how perceived stigma negatively affects health. Results and implications are discussed along with considerations for future research and interventions.

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Armstrong, Deanne Maree. "Investigating well-being and mental health in Queensland fire-fighters." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66801/1/Deanne_Armstrong_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis used survey and interview methods to examine how organisational and interpersonal factors impact on the mental health of fire and rescue workers. It was the first published research to assess and predict multiple indicators of mental health; psychological distress, well-being, posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The results provide valuable information for supporting fire and rescue workers through psychoeducation and proactive intervention programs.

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Monteiro, Michelle Aparecida Mallet. "O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida : o processo de desterritorializa??o de Acari a Cosmos e rebatimentos na apropria??o e pertencimento dos benefici?rios." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1646.

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Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-15T14:05:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Michelle Aparecida Mallet Monteiro.pdf: 5301006 bytes, checksum: e7e3c19b83120f25a179a03b598fb461 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-15T14:05:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Michelle Aparecida Mallet Monteiro.pdf: 5301006 bytes, checksum: e7e3c19b83120f25a179a03b598fb461 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-09
The economic development in Brazil is strictly related to the solution of its social problems, among which the housing deficit that has been fought by the implementation of the federal Program Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). Since 2009, the program has settled 20,000 families in housing units in the range of 0 to 10 minimum wages, in the categories of resettlement and lottery. This work seeks to investigate the process of deterritorialization of dwellers, made effective by the City of Rio de Janeiro, from Favela de Acari, a squatter community, to a new housing complex financed by PMCMV and built in the neighborhood of Cosmos, after the torrential rains of 2009 that dislodged the population from the margins of Acari River. The main objective is to investigate the resettlement process, since the removal of the families from risk areas, independently from its will or choice. The resettlement occurs within a rational of real state expansion by the Federal Bank Caixa, main operator of the Program that finances developers and builders that select under valued land in order to reduce the budget and maximize profit. From the empirical experience in the social groups? deterritorialization and reterritorialization process from Acari to Cosmos, and the use of those concepts, as well as appropriation and belongingness, this research will reflect on the housing policies conduction, not only as a means of the national housing deficit reduction, but also on the building of the conditions for effective and comprehensive appropriation and sense of belonging of dwellers in their new places, focusing on the people?s needs and improvement of their quality of live.
O desenvolvimento econ?mico do Brasil est? diretamente ligado ? solu??o dos seus problemas sociais, dentre os quais o d?ficit habitacional que vem sendo combatido com a implementa??o do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). Desde 2009, o programa j? disponibilizou 20.000 unidades habitacionais para usu?rios das faixas de 0 a 10 sal?rios m?nimos, nas categorias de reassentamento e sorteio.. O objetivo principal ? investigar o processo de desterritorializa??o, desde a retirada das fam?lias das ?reas de risco ou de ?reas de interven??es urban?sticas e reassentadas em outras ?reas, independentemente de sua vontade ou escolha. O reassentamento se d? a partir de uma l?gica de expans?o imobili?ria financiada pela Caixa Econ?mica Federal (CEF) que ? a gestora operacional do Programa e financia as empresas construtoras que selecionam lugares menos valorizados de modo a reduzir o or?amento e maximizar os lucros. A partir da experi?ncia emp?rica no processo de reassentamento de grupos sociais de Acari a Cosmos e da aplica??o de conceitos de desterritorializa??o, apropria??o e sentido de pertencimento, esta pesquisa busca refletir sobre a condu??o da pol?tica p?blica, n?o apenas como meio de redu??o do d?ficit habitacional nacional, mas na cria??o de condi??es para um pertencimento e apropria??o efetivos dos moradores em seus novos lugares, com o foco direcionado ?s necessidades das pessoas e a melhoria de sua qualidade de vida.

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48

Pieti, Anna-Karin. "Sekten - den "färdigpaketerade" lösningen : En kvalitativ studie om hur ensamhet och sökandet efter tillhörighet kan leda till ett sektmedlemskap." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79307.

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Ensamhet och bristen på tillhörighet bland människor i det moderna samhället är ett utbrett och växande problem. Strävan efter individualitet och självuppfyllelse präglar individer i det moderna individuella samhället – ett samhälle där friheten och möjligheterna även genererar i rädsla, ångest, otrygghet och existentiell ensamhet (Bauman, 2002). Längtan efter gemenskap och samhörighet, efter en koppling till kollektivet leder människan till ett sökande som ibland kan bli livsfarligt. Syftet med denna studie har varit att belysa samt få en ökad förståelse för den process som sker då individer i det moderna samhället söker sig till kända farliga grupperingar såsom sekter genom att besvara frågeställningarna: varför lockades de tidigare sektmedlemmarna till sekten? Hur upplevdes tiden i sekten av de tidigare medlemmarna? Hur kan ett sektmedlemskap förstås med utgångspunkt i teorier gällande tillhörighet och trygghet i det individualiserade samhället? Det teoretiska ramverk som tillämpats vid analysen av empirin är Zygmunt Baumans (2002) teori om det individualiserade samhället, Anthony Giddens (1999; 2010) teorier om ontologisk trygghet och försvagningen av traditioner i den globaliserade skenande världen, Robert Putnams (2001) teori om avsaknaden av kollektivet samt David Riesmans (1999) teori om den moderna människan som gruppstyrd. Metoden är kvalitativ och empirin utgörs av massmedieprodukter i form av inspelade intervjuer tillgängliga via internet. Resultatet av studien visar att människor söker sig till sekter då erbjudandet om tillhörighet, gemenskap och svar på existentiella frågor lockar mer än de fria valen. Sektmedlemskapet medförde dock efter en tid ett större lidande än det tidigare sökandet och den existentiella ångesten gjorde, vilket fick medlemmarna att sakna det de först ville komma ifrån – det enskilt betungande identitetssökandet. Resultatet utifrån denna studie pekar dock på att kollektivet alltid är starkare än den enskilda individen.
Loneliness and the lack of belonging among people in the modern society is a widespread and growing problem. The pursuit of individuality and self-fulfillment characterizes individuals in the modern individual society – a society where freedom and opportunity also generates anxiety, insecurity and existential loneliness (Bauman, 2002). The longing for community and togetherness, a connection to the collective, leads the individual towards a search that sometimes become dangerous. The purpose of this study has been to elucidate and gain a greater understanding of the process that occurs when individuals in modern society decides to join known dangerous groups such as cults by answering the research questions: why were the former cult members attracted to the cult? How was the time in the cult experienced by the former members? How can a cult membership be understood on the basis of theories of belonging and security in the individualized society? The theoretical framework used in the analysis of the empiricism is Zygmunt Bauman's (2002) theory about the individualized society, Anthony Gidden's (1999; 2010) theories of ontological security and the weakening of traditions in a globalized world, Robert Putnam's (2001) theory of the absence of the collective and David Riesman's (1999) theory of the individual as group controlled. The method is qualitative, and the empiricism consists of mass media products in the form of recorded interviews available on the Internet. The results of the study show that people join cults when the offer of belongingness, fellowship and answers to existential questions attract more than free elections. However, the cult membership, after a while, caused more suffering than the previous search and existential anxiety did, which caused the members to miss what they first wanted to escape from - the burdensome individual identity search. However, according to this study the result shows that the collective is always stronger than the individual.

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Bugujevci, Djellëza, and Filip Luu. "Arbetsplatsidentitet : En studie om lagerarbetares uppfattning av arbetsplatsidentitet och dess betydelse för dem i deras arbete." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44971.

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Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur lagerarbetare i ett svenskt grossistföretag uppfattar arbetsplatsidentitet och hur betydelsen av det påverkar upplevelsen av arbetet och välbefinnandet på arbetsplatsen. Vidare är syftet i studien att undersöka hur arbetsplatsidentitet påverkas av hur arbete och arbetsuppgifter är organiserade. Uppsatsens övergripande frågeställning är Hur påverkas arbetsplatsidentitet av hur arbete och arbetsuppgifter är organiserade? Social identity theory och Need to belong theory har använts i studien för att få en djupare förståelse om begreppet arbetsplatsidentitet. I studien tillämpas kvalitativ forskning genom sju semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in empiriskt material. Respondenterna i studien är lagerarbetare som har arbetat i minst ett år på grossistföretaget och har hunnit skapa en uppfattning om arbetsplatsen. Resultatet i studien visar att arbetsplatsidentitet är förknippad med känsla av tillhörighet till andra individer och till arbetsuppgifter. Ytterligare visar resultatet att arbetsplatsidentitet är betydelsefull för lagerarbetarnas välmående och inställning till arbetet. Vidare visar resultatet att arbetsplatsidentitet är kontextberoende och har större betydelse i arbeten som utförs i grupp.
The purpose of this study is to explore how workplace identity is perceived by warehouse workers in a Swedish wholesale company and how it affects their experience of work and wellbeing in the workplace. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to explore how organizing work and work tasks affects workplace identity. This study's general issue is How is workplace identity affected by how work and tasks are organized? To gain a deeper understanding of the concept of workplace identity we have applied Social Identity Theory and Need to belong theory. To collect empirical material a qualitative research was applied in the study by doing seven semi-structured interviews. The respondents in our study consists of people working as warehouse workers, who had at least one year of experience in the company and developed an opinion about the workplace. The study results show that workplace identity is associated with a sense of belonging with other individuals and a sense of belonging to work tasks. Furthermore, the results show that workplace identity is of importance to warehouse employees wellbeing and work attitudes. Finally, the result shows that workplace identity is specific to the context and of greater importance in work that is performed in groups.

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Shouse, Reggie Lee. "Examining the Influence of Perceptions of a Supervisor’s Leadership Style on Levels of Psychological Ownership Among Entry Level Professionals." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1483614231780186.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Belongingness'

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