Academic literature on the topic 'Bell ringers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bell ringers"
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García, Laura, Lorena Parra, Blanca Pastor Gomis, Laura Cavallé, Vanesa Pérez Guillén, Herminio Pérez Garrigues, and Jaime Lloret. "Valencia’s Cathedral Church Bell Acoustics Impact on the Hearing Abilities of Bell Ringers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 4, 2019): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091564.
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Studies on the effect of occupational noise have been widely performed for occupations such as construction workers, workers of factories or even musicians and workers of nightclubs. However, studies on the acoustics of church bells are very scarce and usually reported in languages other than English. In Spain, although the tradition of bell ringers is progressively getting lost, some bell ringers that continue transmitting the tradition remain. Church bells create sound with a large sound pressure level that can be heard from a great distance. However, despite the characteristics of the sound of church bells, bell ringers do not present symptoms of occupational hearing loss unlike musicians and construction workers. To determine the effects of the sound of the church bells on bell ringers, in this paper, an acoustic study of the church bells and a physiological study of the hearing abilities of bell ringers. Results show sound pressure levels reaching 120 dB inside the bell tower. The resulting hearing loss in bell ringers is small considering the great intensity of the sound produced by the bells. This is likely due to the short amount of time that bell ringers are exposed to the sound even if it reaches high sound pressure levels.
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Chesterton, G. K. "The Bell-Ringers." Chesterton Review 27, no. 1 (2001): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2001271/277.
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Chesterton, G. K. "The Bell-Ringers." Chesterton Review 35, no. 3 (2009): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2009353/469.
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Paulin, Josephine G., Jacqueline Bete, and Delia G. Melia. "The Use of Bell Ringers in Improving Students’ Academic Performance." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i11252.
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Aims: To determine the impact of the Bell Ringers in Science classroom.
Study Design: Quantitative method through interviews.
Place and Duration of Study: Monkayo College of Arts, Science, and Technology in the 2nd semester of School Year 2023-2024.
Methodology: The participants of the study were purposely chosen. The researchers identified the least learned competencies which became the basis for developing the Bell Ringers during the midterm period. Bell Ringers were prepared ahead of time. After the implementation of the Bell Ringers, students’ feedback and suggestions were solicited through interviews. Data gathered were analyzed into themes.
Results: Evidently, students exhibited heightened engagement, focus, and mental preparedness for lessons, resulting in improved knowledge retention. Furthermore, the incorporation of Bell Ringers facilitated effective classroom management for teachers, affording improved time utilization and fostering meaningful individual interactions with students. As a formative assessment tool, Bell Ringers not only bolstered students' familiarity with concepts but also nurtured concentration, self-discipline, interaction, productivity, and positive attitudes. The constructive effects of Bell Ringers were discernibly mirrored in the student's exam results.
Conclusion: Integration of Bell Ringers into instructional practices is a universally beneficial approach spanning diverse subjects and grade levels. It presents a strategic means to captivate students, establishing a conducive learning atmosphere at the outset of each class and ultimately contributing to elevated academic performance.
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Fijałkowska-Myszyńska, Alicja. "Denunciando al estado. Los artistas como Campaneros en América Latina de los 60." Politeja 19, no. 6(81) (February 24, 2023): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.19.2022.81.09.
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DENOUNCING THE STATE: THE ARTISTS AS BELL RINGERS IN LATIN AMERICA OF THE 1960S The term bell‑ringer is relatively new, however, it is derived from the concept of whistleblower, which emerged in the 1960s. In that decade, many Latin American countries experienced coups and military dictatorships, which oppressed the political opposition and censored the media. In the absence of the institutions of control and independent journalism, artists began to denounce the abuses of power and the vices of societies in their works, which led to the creation of new artistic movements in Latin America. This article seeks to test a hypothesis that as a result, the artists became bell‑ringers, perfectly fitting the definition framework of the theory presented by Marcia P. Miceli, Suelette Dreyfus, and Janet P. Near.
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Gullick, D. "Bell ringers' bruises and broken bones." BMJ 303, no. 6816 (December 14, 1991): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6816.1553-b.
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Pahor, A. L. "Bell ringers' bruises and broken bones." BMJ 302, no. 6771 (February 2, 1991): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6771.291-a.
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Hodge, M. C. E. "Bell ringers' bruises and broken bones." BMJ 302, no. 6771 (February 2, 1991): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6771.291-b.
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Bevis, P. J. R. "Bell ringers' bruises and broken bones." BMJ 302, no. 6771 (February 2, 1991): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6771.291-c.
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Gorbatov, Aleksey V., and Georgy A. Demchenko. "BELLS AND BELL-RINGING TRADITION IN KUZNETSK LAND: HISTORY AND PRESENT TIME." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 41 (2021): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/41/16.
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The article is devoted to the history of bells and bell-ringing art on the territory of present Kemerovo Region. The topicality of the article is in considering this phenomenon as a part of the historical and cultural heritage. The unique technology and ringing art, the Orthodox faith and a special way of life of the Russian people and bells joined in the history of bells. Bell ringing has developed into a large-scale, national phenomenon; the state and the Russian society recognize its aesthetic value. Based on archival documents, materials of the periodical press of pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern periods, research works of historians and ethnographers, the authors demonstrate the formation of the bell-instrumental image of the region and highlight different historical periods: from the construction of the first bell towers, the complete prohibition of bell ringing to their revival, and the formation of new traditions. It is concluded that the situation with bells and ringing traditions is significantly dependent on the Church policy of the state in a certain historical period. It is specific that, throughout the study period, most of the bell ringers received and receive a small monetary reward for their obedience, and therefore, many of them tend to leave this job as soon as possible, replacing it with a more paid one. The current situation is certain not to contribute to the development and improvement of bell-ringing art. Nowadays, a small number of bells and the lack of its own bell production in Kuzbass region cannot contribute to solving the problem of restoring the Russian bell tradition. For the full revival of the bell-ringing tradition in the region, it is also necessary to have a competent complete set of bell funds, which today can hardly be described as organized and systematic. Bell rebounds are packed mainly at random. However, the situation has changed in recent years as instruments with planned ringing have got used. The authors make a conclusion about the necessity of the analysis of bell funds, their classification, and the identification of accounting and certification issues. Today, the revival of the art of bell ringing is based on both the preservation of old traditions and the formation of new ones. An important role in the development and popularization of the bell tradition is played by the activities of Orthodox bell ringers’ courses, festivals, exhibitions, master classes. All this forms the bell-instrumental image of Kuzbass region.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bell ringers"
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Lewis, Colin A. "Bells and bell ringers in South Africa, 1835-2000. Part I." The Ringing World, 2001. http://www.ringingworld.co.uk/.
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Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.The first ring of bells in Africa was installed in Grahamstown Cathedral in 1879 at the instigation of Frederick Henry Williams. Williams was Dean of Grahamstown from 1865 until his death in 1885. He was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, not far from Enniskillen, where an octave was installed in the Cathedral when Williams was an impressionable 12-year old. Grahamstown's bells were also an octave, cast by John Warner and Sons of London. They were hung in the newly built tower, designed by the English architect, George Gilbert Scott.
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Lewis, Colin A. "Bells and bell ringers in South Africa, 1835-2000. Part II." The Ringing World, 2001. http://www.ringingworld.co.uk.
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Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
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Kaminski, Jason. "Kolokol : spectres of the Russian bell." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/421.
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Kolokol: Spectres of the Russian Bell, submitted by Jason Kaminski in fulfilment of the requirements of PhD (Humanities and Social Sciences) candidature at the University of Technology, Sydney, is an interpretative history of Russian bells (kolokola) and bell music (zvon). As a cultural object and sign, the Russian bell is associated with ideas of transcendence, and ideological and creative ‘vision.’ This interpretation of the signification of the kolokol as a sign arises directly from the perception that the bell is essentially a physical (anthropomorphic) body that is capable of ‘projecting’ or ‘transcending’ itself in the form of a spectrum. This essential ‘spectrality’ defines a history of the Russian bell as an instrument of magical, spiritual and religious ritual, as a cultural artefact associated with changing ideological movements (paganism, Christianity and communism) and as a sign represented synaesthetically in image, sound and text. Ethnographic and campanological studies observe that the kolokol ‘reflects Russian social history like a mirror’, representing the ‘voice of God’ or Logos as an aural or ‘singing’ icon, pointing to the primordial origins of language. This dissertation further investigates the idea that the kolokol acts as an ‘acoustical mirror’ and ‘ideological apparatus’: a medium or spectre through which Russian history and culture is interpellated and reflected. The various logical streams (storytelling, legend, script, text, song, cultural theory, philosophy and ethnography) that contribute to this dissertation form a textual ‘polyphony’ through which the essential meanings and ‘personae’ of the kolokol as a cultural object are interpreted. The bell is regarded as presenting an enigma of signification that must be resolved through investigation and definition. The thesis concludes that the kolokol acts as an iconic sign of the creative ‘Word’ (Logos) and as a symbolic sign that implies a ‘bridge’, copula or psychic ‘hook’, articulating the relationship between the cosmos and consciousness, the material and spiritual, the real and imaginary. Keywords: Russia, Russian History, Russian Arts, Russian Music, Russian Poetry, Russian Political History, Russian Orthodoxy, Russian Revolution, Bell-founding, Bell Music, Bell-ringing, Campanology, Iconology, Kolokol, Zvon. Word-count: 82,250 (excluding endnotes) 98,300 (including endnotes).
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Lewis, Colin A. "Book Review: See how they ring: travelling bell ringers on the Australasian popular stage by Doggett, A. and Gillard, G., 2011." The Ringing World, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004781.
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Convicts, Coon Songs, Fairy bells, coach and four grey horses, bubonic plague, ' dirty' Boers, Sarie Marais, Ballarat, Melbourne, Colombo, harem skirt, and handbells. All feature in this wonderful, fascinating, and meticulously researched book by Anne Doggett and Gwyn Gillard.The book starts with a chapter entitled Handbells in History. We learn a little of ancient handbells before the authors discuss nineteenth century English handbell founders, such as those based at Whitechapel; Warners; Taylors; Gillett and Johnston; Shaw of Bradford; and the Rudhalls of Gloucester. Rapid industrialisation, the authors argue, led to immense social changes in Europe and increased demand for entertainment, some of which was provided by touring companies and family groups who played handbells.
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Lewis, Colin A. "Jimmy Riadore: organ-builder, bell-ringer and hanger of the bells at St George's Cathedral, Cape Town." The Ringing World, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012396.
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Born in Lewes, Sussex, Jimmy Riadore came to South Africa in 1958. Organs, bells and clocks have been the focus of his life, and he has tuned, built, repaired and restored them all over southern Africa. Recently he has extended his careful ministrations to St Helena.Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
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Dean, Jeffrey S. "In Memoriam- Robert E. Bell." Tree-Ring Society, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262644.
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Lewis, Colin A. "A Herefordshire life : the life and times of Leslie Evans, bell ringer, musician, craftsman and countryman : book review." The Ringing World, 2006. http://www.ringingworld.co.uk.
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Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk, Денис Володимирович Горобченко, Денис Владимирович Горобченко, and Denys Volodymyrovych Horobchenko. "Экономическая оценка эффекта рикошета в контексте экологической модернизации экономики Украины." Thesis, ТРОО "Бизнес-Наука-Общество", 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67393.
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Розглядається ефект рикошету, який виникає внаслідок послідовної дії механізмів позитивного та негативного зворотнього зв’язку. Приводяться фази та класифікація ефекту рикошету.Рассматривается эффект рикошета, который возникает в результате последовательного действия механизмов положительной и отрицательной обратной связи. Приводятся фазы и классификация эффекта рикошета.
The effect of reciprocity, which arises as a consequence of the mechanisms of positive and negative feedback, is considered. The phases and the classification of the reciprocal effect are given.
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TSAI, CHIA-CHUN, and 蔡佳均. "When the School Bell Rings─A Case Study of the Activities During Recess Among Middle School Students." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5q9a68.
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碩士明道大學
課程與教學研究所
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Recess occupies a certain proportion of students’ time, and unexpected situation often happen to them. The purpose of this study was to explore the recess activities of the junior high school students. And the researcher performed a case study of 25 third grade students in Keelung, and we used the observation method to record students' recess activities for seven consecutive weeks. The researcher then interviewed each student and found the following results： 1. The types of activities students most often engaged in were, by the order of frequency, the following: talk and chat, physiological needs, physical activities, school studies, public service, others, doing nothing, and arts activities; 2. Activities boys most often engaged were in the following: talk and chat, physical activities, and physiological needs. And, the activities girls most often engaged were in the following: talk and chat, school studies, and physiological needs; 3. Boys were a little different from girls about the activities between classes, and they envied one another; 4. Activities general students, three most often engaged in were physical activities, talk and chat, and physiological needs. But the activities gifted students, three most often engaged in were as follows: talk and chat, others, and school studies; 5. Gifted students had higher demand for recess acitvities; 6. The factors that affected students' recess activities were weather, examinations, peers, and space; 7. Students mostly thought that a ten-minute break was enough for recess activities; 8. Teachers did not need to involve in student activities too much during the recess and just need to watch occasionally and offer assistance if necessary; Finally, according to the results of the study, the researcher made specific recommendations as the following: 1. Teachers need the competence to handle unexpected emergencies; 2. Schools should have plans for multiple pieces of leisure equipment and facilities.
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""When the Bell Rings we Go Inside and Learn": Children's and Parents' Understandings of the Kindergarten Transition." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15068.
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abstract: The transition to kindergarten is a significant milestone for children and families in the United States. Education reform movements and early childhood policy initiatives have had significant impact on the transition process in recent years, and as a result, there is greater emphasis on promoting "ready children" for school. Previous research on the transition to kindergarten in the U.S. consists primarily of adult perspectives, examining parents and teachers' expectations for kindergarten and explicating their concerns about the transition. While adults impart important considerations about the transition to kindergarten, members of the early childhood community should also pay attention to children's perspectives as they too offer critical insight on getting ready for school. This dissertation foregrounds children's and experiences getting ready for and being in kindergarten, bringing attention their participation in transition activities and school routines. In addition, this study examines ways parents structure children's participation in transition activities and school routines to provide background information on children's experiences preparing for school. This study used data from a large-scale qualitative research project conducted in Arizona to understand children's experiences transitioning to kindergarten. Specifically, interviews with preschool-aged children, kindergarten-aged children, and mothers were analyzed to impart a deeper understanding of children's viewpoints becoming and being kindergarteners. Findings illustrate how mothers' understandings of kindergarten, and constructions of readiness have influence over the transition process. Moreover, findings offer thick descriptions of how children learn about kindergarten, make meaning of school rules and routines, and form membership within classroom communities of practice. Moreover, interpretations of children's viewpoints contribute nuanced understandings of situations that promote or hinder children's participation in transition activities, and subsequent engagement in kindergarten classrooms. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on kindergarten readiness. The viewpoints of children and parents on getting ready for and being in kindergarten provide alternative perspectives, contributing to a more holistic understanding of the transition experience. Further, a key implication of this study is that children's perspectives be given due weight in practical, programmatic, and policy initiatives aimed at promoting positive and successful transitions to kindergarten.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2012
Books on the topic "Bell ringers"
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Henry, Porter. The bell ringers. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2010.
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Henry, Porter. The bell ringers. London: Grove Press, 2009.
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Haupert, Thomas J. The Hussite Bell Ringers: A history. Winston-Salem, N.C: Thomas J. Haupert, 2003.
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ill, Dodson Bert, ed. Paul Revere and the bell ringers. New York: Aladdin, 2003.
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Copson, Pam. The follow-on book for bell-ringers. 2nd ed. Wellesbourne: P. Copson, 1988.
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M, Dorofeeva E., ed. Ivan Danilov--master kolokolʹnogo zvona. Arkhangelʹsk: Pravda Severa, 2007.
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Willcocks, Dennis. A history of Christ Church Society of Bell Ringers: 1874 to 1994. St. Albans: D. Willcocks, 1995.
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Tim, Jackson. Dove's guide for church bell ringers to the rings of bells of the world. [Guildford]: Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, 2012.
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Cook, William T. The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, 1891-1991: A centenary history. [Morpeth, Northumberland?]: Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, 1993.
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Baldwin, John, 1939 June 15-, Johnston R. J, Dove Ronald H, and Central Council of Church Bell Ringers., eds. Dove's guide for church bell ringers to the ringing bells of Britain and of the world. 9th ed. [Guildford]: Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bell ringers"
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Hay, D. C., A. W. Young, and A. W. Ellis. "What Happens when a Face Rings a Bell ?: The Automatic Processing of Famous Faces." In Aspects of Face Processing, 136–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4420-6_13.
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KELLY, ELINOR HOUGHTON. "Bell Ringers!" In More Stories from Langley, 271–84. Potomac Books, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13pk8ms.30.
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der Weduwen, Arthur. "Crying and Affixing the Law." In State Communication and Public Politics in the Dutch Golden Age, 129–54. British Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267431.003.0005.
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This chapter investigates the practical mechanisms of state communication at the level of the municipality, by focussing on the roles and duties of town criers and bell-ringers, and the curious emergence of the aanplakker (the town ‘poster-upper’) as a municipal official. It makes use of archival sources from towns around the Netherlands, focussing in particular on the cities of Amsterdam, Haarlem, Leiden, Utrecht, Leeuwarden and Groningen. The chapter includes a rich array of visual sources to demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of state communication in the Dutch cityscape. It also discusses ‘the politics of affixing’ – the contention surrounding the ceremony of pasting up the law in public, and the attempts by citizens to display their disagreement by tearing down printed posters, or posting up their own.
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"The Bell Ringer." In Flames from the Earth, 45–50. Northwestern University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv34dm7cw.10.
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"bell-ringer, n." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/1083786636.
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Biborski, Marcin, and Marek Krąpiec. "Kilka uwag na temat przyczyn „zawałów” serca królewskiego dzwonu Zygmunt na Wawelu." In 500 lat dzwonu Zygmunta, 203–22. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381388627.11.
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The Sigismund bell, with a weight close to 10 tons, belongs to the group of great European bells. Inside the bell’s cup is an iron clapper hanged on a cowhide belt, now reinforced with a steel band. The clapper length is 218.5 cm and weighs 323 kg. The clapper consists of the so-called a tail, a ball that directly hits the sound bow of the bell, i.e. the thickest point of the bell cup, the so-called clapper’s ring. Further upwards there is a shaft and, at the end, an ear with which the clapper is hooked to the bell. The clapper of Sigismund that had been working for centuries, failed in 2000. It was then found that it broke at the span of the shaft. Several factors contributed to this. 1. Material factor, i.e. high phosphorous iron, and therefore brittle, with a ferritic and ferritic-pearlitic structure, susceptible to fatigue. 2. Physical factor including linear velocity, greater energy at the end of the clapper as it rings, causing the clapper to bend. 3. The clapper’s profile, including the stria section, below the ball, the edges of which are most exposed to tensile forces and less resistant to shear. These 3 factors caused the fracture to cover more than half of the cross section of the tail neck. This rupture grew very slowly, for a long time during the ringing of the bell, and gradually enlarged in size with each subsequent ringing. It was accelerated in the period when, in the past, as a result of the leather catch being pulled out, the clapper was hitting the bell with its shaft, not a ball. Sigismund’s clapper may have survived to our times if not the reasons mentioned above, that is, if the clapper had not lowered, if the forces of hitting the bell’s cup while ringing were evenly distributed and the edges of the stria were rounded. The material from which the clapper was forged had the least influence on the fracture.
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"THE BELL-RINGER / LE SONNEUR." In Collected Poems of Mallarme, 17. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520948112-013.
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"El campanero / The Bell Ringer." In Song of the Heart, 52–53. University of Texas Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/746855-013.
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"The Administrative Team." In After The School Bell Rings, 72–98. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203046517-10.
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"The Teachers." In After The School Bell Rings, 99–143. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203046517-11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Bell ringers"
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Roberts, H. Alex, Mark R. Martin, and Troy J. Canalichio. "An Experimental Examination of Seatbelt Webbing Loading Marks on Automobile Plastic D-Rings." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60797.
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This paper documents experimental research determining the belt forces required to create visible and distinct markings on plastic automobile D-rings. The “D-Ring” is the loop through which the shoulder belt feeds before reaching the retractor. In the experimental configuration, ballast is attached to the belt webbing and dropped from a predetermined elevation. By varying the drop height the belt loading characteristics were also changed. Photographs document the resulting loading marks. A Mathematical Dynamic Modeler was used to calculate the Rigid Body Dynamic models to determine occupant belt loads from 5th and 50th percentile Hybrid III anthropomorphic test devices under various crash pulse conditions. These values were correlated to the experimental research. Conclusions are made relating D-ring markings to the delta-V of an automotive accident.
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Osman, Husam, Kazimierz Adamiak, G. S. Peter Castle, Hua-Tzu (Charles) Fan, and Joseph Simmer. "Comparison Between the Numerical and Experimental Deposition Patterns for an Electrostatic Rotary Bell Sprayer." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50211.
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In this paper, a full 3D numerical model using ANSYS commercial software has been created to simulate the particle deposition profile for stationary and moving flat targets, assuming multiple injections of charged poly-dispersed particles. Different injection angles along three virtual rings were assumed to form a shower injection pattern. The experimental and the numerical results of deposition thickness have been presented and compared for different injection patterns. It has been found that there are some parameters, such as the total number of injection points, the radii of the rings and the fractional mass flow rate in each injection ring, which affect the numerical results of the deposition thickness and uniformity.
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Lebrecht, Wolfram, Heinz Ulbrich, and Friedrich Pfeiffer. "Modelling Sheave Elasticity in CVT Drives." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84528.
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This contribution presents the modelling of chain and belt CVT drives used in numerical simulations, under special consideration of the elasticity of the pulley sheaves. The system is subdivided into the pulleys, the power transmitting chain or belt and different types of contacts. Since the deformation of the CVT is of major importance for the mechanical behaviour, the elasticity of the colliding bodies has to be taken into account. Due to elasticity and clearance of the shaft-to-collar connection the pulley sheaves tilt. This effect is modelled by a force element. Furthermore as a consequence of the asymmetrical loading, the elastic sheaves deform. Therefore different approaches exist to take this into account, in which the most efficient way is the use of Castigliano’s Strain Energy Theorem. The system contains a large number of contacts. First of all there are three dimensional contacts between the pulley sheaves and the belt or chain elements. In case of belt systems there are further contacts between two adjacent elements, between elements and rings and between two adjacent rings. There exist simulation models for both types of CVTs (chain and belt drives), which are used in industrial applications.
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Mertens, Attakias T., and Christine A. Toh. "It Rings a Bell! Memory’s Impact on Information Utilization by Novice Designers in the Early Design Process." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97699.
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Abstract Research in new product design still lacks an understanding of how the types of information used by designers can lead to more successful designs and what cognitive components are involved in the process of generating new ideas. Some theories have arisen that focus on memory usage that could have an impact in idea generation early on in the design process. As a first step to address this gap, an Information Archetypes Framework was developed in previous work to outline the different dimensions and levels of information commonly used by designers. This framework forms the basis of the current study, focused on identifying the underlying cognitive processes that are active during the design process. To accomplish this, undergraduate students were recruited from the University of Nebraska-Omaha. During the study, participants were presented a design problem, given information pieces that corresponded to the Information Archetypes Framework, and asked to generate ideas for a solution. Students were then asked to recall the information pieces from memory. Participants’ data were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) for relevant cognitive mechanisms. Scores from LIWC captured the linguistic properties of information pieces and generated ideas, and this study was able to demonstrate that memory usage has both semantic and linguistic components that emerge during the conceptual design process.
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Yoshida, Hideaki. "A Study of Forces Acting on Rings for Metal Pushing V-Belt Type CVT." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970686.
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Bordalo, Ana, and Ana paula Rainha. "Marginal Architecture [How will we live together?] - a process under construction…" In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021273n11.
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The organization of territory and cities is a structuring element for the management of epidemic crises. The existence of basic sanitary structures is, nowadays, an acquired and determined factor for the healthiness of territories, as well as for the structural contribution to the well-being of the populations. Since the 19th century epidemic crises established health parameters for Architecture and Urbanism, which are still a reference today. Almost after one hundred years, where the questions of salubrity were supposed to be consolidated, we find that, suddenly, without advice, new alarm bells rings: we found that the world was not prepared to be closed in its “housing units”. Assuming Portimão as an urban laboratory and as a waterfront city, we will present the process developed for studies, searching for proposals witch solutions look for a contemporary assignment, which imposes to Architecture a principle settled on options of sustainability, impermanence, reuse and recycling.
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Komitov, B., and V. Kaftan. "THE ANNUAL BEECH THREE RINGS (FAGUS SYLVATICA) AND SOLAR MODULATED CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS IN CENTRAL AND WEST BALKAN MOUNTAIN BELT DURING THE 18TH –21ST CENTURIES." In All-Russia Conference on Solar and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. The Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Pulkovo, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31725/0552-5829-2018-231-234.
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Gaudino, P., A. Bianco, R. Fiorenza, M. Pirelli, and P. Pallotti. "Integration of a CAM Phaser on an Engine to Reduce Fuel Consumption: A Comprehensive Approach to the System." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine and Rail Transportation Divisions Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2003-0731.
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The paper presented describes the application of a Continuously Variable Cam Phaser (CVCP) to an existing engine, with the scope of reducing significantly the engine specific fuel consumption at part load, through the reduction of pumping losses. A single vane-type cam phaser was adopted, which controls both intake and exhaust cam events simultaneously, thanks to the particular cam timing assembly used on the base engine (FIAT-GM Powertrain FIRE 1,4 16v). The cam phaser itself is powered by the same oil which lubricates the engine, through a three-way solenoid valve controlled by the Engine Management System (EMS) with an on-off duty cycle signal. The design and experimental activity done to introduce the CVCP on an existing engine is described, which must comply with a number of key features needed (advance and retard travel speed, precision in actuation, minimum oil leakage, no increase of oil pressure required, minimum additional oil mass flow required) and constraints required (reduced modifications of base engine and of production line, system cost). In particular the base engine structure, which features cam timing command through toothed belt, limited room in the cylinder head for oil and blow-by gases, hydraulic tappets, wide camshaft bearing diameter, no external oil/gas separator, determined the need to limit the overall oil mass flow within the cylinder head: this was required to avoid possible oil recirculation into the intake manifold through the crankcase venting system. For this and other reasons, an accurate and comprehensive optimization of all the components involved in the above described system was needed. An extensive experimental activity was performed, which included the cam phaser design optimization, the re-definition of camshaft bearing and hydraulic tappet clearances, the re-design of piston rings, some prescriptions for the cam phaser control strategies and calibration of the EMS. This development work achieved a system definition which solves all the main problems described above, with no additional costs with respect to (w.r.t.) the first version of the CVCP engine, since no additional parts have been required nor particular material or machining or configurations were prescribed. The described engine is currently in its industrialization phase: it is planned to produce about 1000 engines/day in the Italian FIRE engine manufacturing plant (Termoli).
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Н.А., Макаров,, Красникова, А.М., and Угулава, Н.Д. "EXCAVATIONS AT GNEZDILOVO BURIAL SITE IN THE VICINITIES OF SUZDAL’: FIRST RESULTS." In Археология Владимиро-Суздальской земли. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-365-7.7-20.
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В статье представлены результаты раскопок могильника X-XII вв. Гнездилово, произведенных в 2020 г. Средневековые памятники в округе Гнездилова хорошо известны в литературе. Здесь в 1851 г. под руководством графа А. С. Уварова раскопано 28 курганов с кремациями и ингумациями, в 1980-1987 гг. под руководством В. А. Лапшина проходили широкомасштабные исследования одного из крупнейших в Суздальской округе поселений с культурными отложениями эпохи викингов. В современном ландшафте, практически полностью снивелированном распашкой, не сохранилось видимых следов курганного могильника, раскопанного в XIX в. Повторное обнаружение некрополя в 2019 г. позволило провести рекогносцировочные работы, в результате которых в раскопе площадью около 120 кв. м выявлено 15 ингумаций XI - начала XII в. в могильных ямах с западной ориентировкой и остатки кремаций, рассредоточенных в пахотном слое и заполнении ям. В 8 погребениях обнаружен сопровождающий инвентарь - стеклянные бусы, височные кольца, подвески, дирхем и денарий, железные ножи. Особый интерес представляет погребение 13 с помещенным в ногах боевым топором. Новые полевые исследования на памятнике демонстрируют, что Гнездилово было большим средневековым кладбищем с разнообразными погребальными обрядами - подкурганными кремациями и ингумациями, грунтовыми погребениями и кремациями, рассыпанными на поверхности или в неглубоких ямах. The paper presents results of the excavations at the Viking Age burial site Gnezdilovo conducted in 2020. Gnezdilovo local area is known in medieval archaeology as a prominent place with the barrow burial ground first discovered in 1851 and the dwelling site with Late Viking Age cultural deposits, one of the local centers of Suzdal’ region, which had been under excavations in 1980-87. Non of the burial mounds survived in the landscape after the excavation campaign of 1851 which disclosed 28 barrows with cremations and inhumations (28) and appeared to leave poor perspectives for further research. Burial site, totally leveled by ploughing, was re-discovered in 2019. Trail excavations at the area of about 120 sq.m revealed 15 west-oriented inhumation burials in ground pits and remains of cremations dispersed in ploughed deposits and in pits. 8 inhumation burials contained grave goods - glass beads, temple rings, pendants, belt mounts, dirham coin and denarius, iron knives. Of special interest is burial 13 with a battleaxe placed at the feet of the deceased. Inhumation burials date the XI-th - the early XII-th cc. New field research at the site prove that Gnezdilovo was a large cemetery with diverse burial rituals (barrows with cremations and inhumations, cremations in shallow ground pits, inhumations in ground pits). Considerable part of the graves remains well preserved after the excavations conducted in the XIX-th c.
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Selby, K., M. Urbanak, D. Colbourne, H. Leonhardt, P. Burnett, F. Machatschek, and S. Beviere. "Meeting the Lubrication Challenges of Heavy Duty Low Emission Diesel Engines." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63983.
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In recent years, legislative authorities in the US, Europe and Japan have steadily reduced engine exhaust emissions, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), sulphur, particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to improve air quality. To meet these requirements engine manufacturers have had to make significant design changes and as a consequence new engine lubricant specifications from Industry bodies (ACEA, EMA, JAMA) and individual OEMs have had to be introduced to ensure adequate lubrication of these new engines. This has led to significant changes to heavy-duty diesel engine oil (HDDEO) oil formulation composition. Engine design modifications to increase fuel combustion efficiency such as increased peak cylinder pressure and increased fuel injection pressures have placed higher stress on piston rings and liners, bearings and valve train components [1], and improved oil consumption has meant longer oil residence time in the piston ring belt area. The practice of retarded fuel injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) as measures to reduce NOx levels by reducing peak combustion temperature has had a considerable impact on lubricant performance. Retarded injection leads to higher soot levels which can cause valve train wear and piston ring liner wear and soot-induced thickening, whilst EGR leads to increased corrosive acids and wear in the combustion chamber. Currently in Europe, Euro 3 heavy-duty engines predominantly use retarded fuel injection as the primary NOx emission control strategy although there are cases where EGR is used. In the US, cooled EGR is used by most engine manufacturers to meet US 2002 emissions. HDDEO’s contain a combination of performance additives such as overbased metal detergents, dispersants, antiwear agents and antioxidants designed to provide wear protection, engine cleanliness, and control of soot contaminants and oxidation. Other additive components include selected viscosity index (VI) improvers and pour point depressants to provide necessary viscosity characteristics and shear stability, and also anti-foam agents for oil aeration control. To meet the increased demands from low emission engines, the chemical composition of the performance additives has been modified and levels increased. Current HDDEOs optimized to meet US and European specifications contain typically between 1.3 and 1.9%wt sulphated ash, 0.1–0.14%wt phosphorus and 0.3–1.1.wt sulphur. To meet the next generation emission standards, engines will require the use of exhaust after-treatment devices. In Europe, Euro 4 emission reductions for NOx and PM, scheduled for introduction in 2005, will require the use of either selective catalytic reduction, or the use of EGR in combination with a diesel particulate filter (DPF). To meet the US 2007 requirements, higher levels of EGR than currently used, in combination with DPFs, is envisaged by most engine builders. Exhaust after-treatment devices are already used extensively in some applications such as DPFs on city buses in Europe and the US. Further NOx restrictions are scheduled for Euro 5 in 2008 and USA in 2010. NOx absorber systems, although used in gasoline engines, are still under development for heavy-duty diesel engines and may be available for 2010. Some lubricant base oil and additive components from oil consumed in the combustion chamber are believed to adversely affect the performance of after-treatment devices. Ash material from metal detergents and zinc dithiophosphates (ZDTP) can build up in the channels within particulate filters causing blockage and potentially loss of engine power, leading to a need for frequent cleaning maintenance. The role of sulphur and phosphorus in additive components is less clear. Sulphur from fuel can either oxidize to sulphur dioxide and react through to sulphuric acid, which manifests itself as particulate, or can have a poisoning effect on the catalyst itself. However, the role of sulphur containing additives is yet to be established. Phosphorus from ZDTP antiwear components can lead to a phosphate layer being deposited on catalyst surfaces, which may impair efficiency. Concerns from OEMs regarding the possible effects of ash, sulphur and phosphorus has led to chemical limits being introduced in some new and upcoming engine oil specifications. The ACEA E6 sequence restricts sulphated ash to 1.0%wt max, phosphorus to 0.08%wt max and sulphur to 0.3%wt max, while the PC-10 category scheduled for 2007 will have maximum limits of 1.0%wt sulphated ash, 0.12%wt phosphorus and 0.4%wt sulphur. The resulting constraints on the use of conventional overbased metal detergent cleanliness additives and zinc dithiophosphate antiwear additives will necessitate alternative engine oil formulation technologies to be developed in order to maintain current performance levels. Indeed, performance requirements of engine oils are expected to become more demanding for the next generation engines where emissions are further restricted. If absorbers become a major route for NOx reduction, limits on sulphur and phosphorus are likely to be more restrictive. Oil formulations meeting ACEA E6 and PC-10 chemical limits have been assessed in several key critical lubricant specification tests, looking at valve train and piston ring/cylinder liner wear, corrosive wear in bearings, piston cleanliness and soot-induced viscosity control. It is demonstrated that it is possible to achieve MB 228.5 extended oil drain performance and API CI-4 wear, corrosion and piston cleanliness requirements for current US engines equipped with EGR [2], at a sulphated ash level of 1.0%wt, and phosphorus and sulphur levels, (0.05 and 0.17%wt, respectively), considerably lower than these chemical limits. This is achievable by the use of selected low sulphur detergents, optimized primary and secondary antioxidant systems and non-phosphorus containing, ashless supplementary antiwear additives blended in synthetic basestocks. Field trials in several city bus fleets have been conducted to assess engine oil performance and durability using one of these low sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur (SAPS) oil formulations and to examine lubricant effects on particulate filter performance. Engine oil durability testing was conducted in bus fleets in Germany and Switzerland. These trials, involving over 100 vehicles, cover a range of engine types, e.g., Daimler Chrysler and MAN Euro 1, 2 and 3 and different fuel types (low sulphur diesel, biodiesel, and compressed natural gas) in some MAN engines. The fleets are fitted with continuously regenerating particulate filters either from new or retrofitted. Oils were tested at standard and extended drain intervals (up to 60 000km). Used oil analysis for iron, copper, lead and aluminium with the low SAPS oil in these vehicles have shown low wear rates in all engine types and comparable with a higher 1.8% ash ACEA E4, E5 quality oil. Soot levels can vary considerably, but oil viscosity is maintained within viscosity grade, even at 8% soot loading. TBN depletion and TAN accumulation rates are low showing significant residual basicity reserve and control of acidic combustion and oxidation products. Buses in Stuttgart and Berlin have been used to investigate lubricant ash effects of engine oil on particulate filter durability. Exhaust back-pressure is routinely measured and DPF filters removed and cleaned when back pressure exceeds 100 mbar. Comparison of rate of back pressure build up as a function of vehicle distance shows reduced back pressure gradients for the low SAPS oil relative to the 1.8%wt ash oil in both engine types looked at. An average reduction in back pressure gradient of 40% was found in buses equipped with OM 906LA engines in Berlin and 25% with OM 457hLA engines at both locations. Examination of the ash content in DPFs has shown a 40% reduction in the quantity of ash with the low SAPS oil. This investigation shows that it is possible to meet current long oil drain requirements whilst meeting chemical limits for future lubricants and provide benefits in DPF durability.
Reports on the topic "Bell ringers"
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Mohr. L52032 Reliability of Girth Welds in Early Generation Pipelines - Joint Design and Flaw Combinations. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011221.
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Demonstrating the reliability of existing pipelines under new loading conditions requires the use of standard methods that have known applicability to that type of pipe and data relevant to the pipe.� Both of these may be lacking for early generation pipelines, such as ones from the 1930s and 1940s, where the girth welds can have been welded with processes not commonly used today (oxyacetylene welding) or with joint designs that use internal backing.� Three types of joint designs were particularly used in this study:� butt joints with an internal backing ring, butt joints with a backing or chill ring and enlarged diameter on either side of the weld (bell-bell chill ring joints), and butt joints where one side of the weld has an enlarged diameter sufficient to slide that side over the other side (bell and spigot joints). Three approaches were taken to demonstrating the capacity of early generation pipelines for longitudinal loading across girth welds.� First, small-scale tests were performed on a variety of girth weld types, determining both stresses and strains to failure and other mechanical properties.� Testing data from individual pipeline companies is included here to add to the available data.� Second, finite-element analyses were performed for welds with internal backing rings so that comparisons could be made between small-scale specimens and full-scale pipes.� The effect of internal pressure was also examined.� Third, two full-scale tests of early generation bell-bell chill ring welds were performed with combined axial loading and internal pressure.
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Barnett, P. J. Surficial geology of Cockburn Island, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332360.
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Cockburn Island landscape is somewhat unique in the northern Lake Huron-Georgian Bay basin, in that, itmp;gt;'s overall topography and relief is dependant primarily on glacial sediments that can exceed thicknesses of 85 m (275 feet), rather than the bedrock surface. Cockburn Island is underlain by gently dipping carbonate and clastic rocks of Middle Silurian age that outcrop in a belt that rings the northern half of the island. The crest of the Niagara Escarpment crosses the northern part of the Island. In places the bedrock surface has been affected by karst processes particularly in areas above the level of the Nipissing transgression where the land surface has been exposed for approximately 11,500 years. Karst features and alvars appear to be best developed in rocks of the Amabel Formation along the crest of the Niagara Escarpment. Evidence of the direction of glacier flow that affected Cockburn Island is primary from the orientation of streamlined forms, in particular drumlins. Three distinct sets of drumlins have been recognized. The drumlin orientation does not necessarily reflect flow during two or multiple glacial advances. The variation in orientation of the long axis of the drumlins, the south-southwest flow around the eastern shore of the island, southern flow in the central part of the island and the south-eastward flow the western shore, may reflect ice flowing around the island along the inter-island channels at a greater speed than that flowing over the higher areas of the island. Drumlins are commonly associated with till. Till is widespread across the island and occurs commonly as poorlydrained till plains, littered with boulder (lags). In addition, to till and its associated landforms, other surface landforms and sediments include a large hill of sand and gravel covered with till (McCaigs Hill), and two long ridges of gravel of probable ice-contact origin. Emphasis in this report has been placed on the Post-glacial shoreline features of Glacial Lake Algonquin and subsequent glacial and post-glacial lakes that greatly affected the landscape of Cockburn Island. The record of ancestral lake levels in the Lake Huron basin on Cockburn Island appears complete including the highest level of glacial Lake Algonquin (Main) through a series of falling glacial lake and post-glacial lake levels. These ancestral lake levels have created a spectacular record of abandoned shore bluffs, beach ridges and bars. Extensive areas of surface sand and gravel deposited in ice marginal or subglacial settings and the karst terrain along the crest of the Niagara Escarpment are the main areas of groundwater recharge on Cockburn Island.
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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.
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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.