Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Beliefs about physical activity'
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1
Kim, Mijoo. "Korean Physical Education Teachers' and Female Students' Beliefs about Girls' Physical Activity Participation." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586778263891691.
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Horne, Maria. "Beliefs and attitutes about physical activity : an ethnographic study of older Caucasians and South Asians." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:200336.
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Increasing levels of physical activity in older adults and fall prevention are key concerns of current UK health policy. Regular physical activity has many positive benefits for older adults, for example in fall prevention. However, sedentary behaviour among older adults is common. Forty per cent of over 50s in the UK report less physical activity than is considered necessary to maintain good health. Sedentary behaviour is even more common in South Asian older people in the UK. The aim of this research was to investigate the attitudes and beliefs that drive or hinder uptake and adherence of physical activity, in general and in relation to fall prevention, among 60-70 year old Caucasian and South Asian community dwellers. An ethnographic method was chosen as the research approach as it provided the framework for facilitating the incorporation of multiple voices. Two main geographical areas were chosen to conduct the study and included eight sites of study. Data collection used multiple methods (participant observation, focus groups and semi-structured interviews). In total 60 hours of participant observation, 15 focus group discussions (n = 87; mean age = 65.74 years) and 40 semi-structured interviews (mean age = 64.83 yrs) were conducted. Data analysis and classification followed a framework approach, comparing and contrasting themes within and across groups. Findings demonstrate that older people do not recognise falls as a risk and are not motivated to perform physical activity on a regular basis purely to help prevent falls. Social support and social benefits of physical activity appear to be key motivators to initiating and maintaining physical activity. Enjoyment, increased self-confidence and developing social networks seem to be important motivators in terms of adherence. Health, although a good motivator for the initiation of physical activity, appears to be a secondary motivator in terms of adherence. Barriers to physical activity include perceived and actual poor physical health, lack of social support, specificity of physical activity messages by health professionals as well as lack of motivation, low mood, fear of harm and domestic and carer issues. These findings suggest that older adults should be assessed individually, to address physical symptoms and possible low mood, and not according to age. The importance of exercise, even in the presence of physical illness needs to be explained. There is a need to promote confidence in older people’s ability to perform an activity, as this appears to be essential in continuing with exercise. Activities that take a ‘one size fits all’ approach, serve as a de-motivating force. Variety in exercise and physical activity is important to maintain motivation in the long-term.
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Akhidenor, Cenora Kimberly. "Health-Related Beliefs Among Low-Income African American Women and Their Perceptions About Obesity." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/565.
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The aim of this study was to explore the health-related beliefs and perceptions of low-income African American women regarding obesity. Phenomenology served as the conceptual framework for this study. African American women, especially those in low-income brackets, have been shown to weigh more than women of other racial/ethnic groups. The consequences of these high rates are increased risks of developing chronic health disorders, such as type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study sample consisted of 7 low-income obese African American women, ranging in age from 20 to 62, who resided in the Pacific Northwest. Recruitment for participation occurred via flyers, which were advertised in hair salons, churches, and community health clinics where African American women frequented. The women participated in audio-taped interviews, which were then transcribed and thematically analyzed. Findings showed that these 7 African American women had poor exercise and dietary behaviors that led to increased health risks. This study uncovered culturally-based traditions and provided insight into how these traditions may have influenced unhealthy behaviors. Educational health topics can be developed to include ways to more effectively address healthy behaviors for these women and how these women can play and more active role in decreasing excessive weight. This research may contribute to the literature by providing more awareness into this growing social and health problem among this vulnerable population. This study has implications for positive social change by increasing greater understanding into the complex reasons for obesity among low-income African American women.
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Van, Wasshenova Emily. "Experiential Attitudes about Physical Activity in Older Adults." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525445315290475.
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Quicke, Jonathan. "Attitudes, beliefs and physical activity in older adults with knee pain." Thesis, Keele University, 2016. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2390/.
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Knee pain in older adults is common and often disabling, with the majority of knee pain in adults over the age of 45 being attributed to osteoarthritis (OA). Regular physical activity and exercise are recommended for all older adults with knee pain and are associated with reduced pain and improved function. However, physical activity levels are low in this population and there is uncertainty regarding its long-term safety, whether change in physical activity level is associated with future pain and function, and the relationship between attitudes and beliefs about physical activity and physical activity level. This thesis addressed these research questions. A systematic review of safety outcomes from 49 published studies found exercise was safe for the majority of older adults with knee pain, although most evidence related to low impact, moderate cardiovascular intensity exercise. Secondary data analysis of an exercise randomised controlled trial for older adults with knee pain (n=514) did not find an association between change in physical activity level between baseline and three months and clinical outcome at either three or six months. Secondary cross-sectional data analysis, using baseline data from the same trial and a community survey of older adults with knee pain (n=611), found that a number of scales measuring attitudes and beliefs about physical activity were associated with physical activity level in multivariable models. Positive outcome expectations, self-efficacy for exercise, kinesiophobia and a composite scale measuring physical activity attitude themes were associated with physical activity level. Further longitudinal analysis from the trial showed that positive outcome expectations and self-efficacy for exercise remained associated with future physical activity level at three and six months within multivariable models whilst negative outcome expectations were not. The original thesis findings have contributed to a better understanding of attitudes, beliefs and physical activity in older adults with knee pain.
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Skrutkowski, Myriam. "Uncertainty in cancer survivors : physical factors, beliefs about control, and psychological well-being." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0022/MQ50882.pdf.
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Wilson, Alexandra Harris. "The role of relational efficacy beliefs on adolescent's leisure time physical activity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43698.
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Parents are critical social determinants of the health-related behaviours of adolescents. The foundation that parents provide for a healthy lifestyle is particularly important as those lifestyle choices (e.g., physical activity) become under self-regulatory control during adolescence. The overall purpose of this study was to apply the tripartite model of relational efficacy (Lent & Lopez, 2002) to better understand the extent to which adolescents’ (aged 11-13) perceptions of the family environment predict adolescent leisure time physical activity. Specifically, this study examined how adolescents’ confidence in their parents’ (other-efficacy), adolescents estimation of their parents’ confidence in them (relation-inferred self-efficacy), and adolescents outcome expectations associated with physical activity involvement predict their subsequent involvement in physical activity during their leisure time. Four hundred and two grade 7 students from the Lower Mainland of British Columbia completed a questionnaire at two time points (April and June 2012) to assess the above variables. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between adolescents’ relational efficacy beliefs towards their parents with leisure time physical activity among adolescents. Structural equation modeling was used to examine model fit to test the different study hypotheses. Results revealed a just identified model that demonstrated that adolescents’ confidence in their fathers’ ability to help them be active was predictive of leisure time physical activity. The results from this research provide greater insights into the predictive effects of parents in relation to young adolescents at a time when physical activity becomes increasingly under voluntary control.
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Crawford, Rebecca Susan. "Health Beliefs Related to Physical Activity in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311469.
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Low levels of physical activity (PA) are a significant predictor of early death among recipients of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Regular, moderate PA is associated with improved quality of life (QOL), reduced arrhythmia burden, and improved health outcomes in ICD recipients yet many do not engage in PA and the reasons for lack of engagement are unclear. The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to examine health beliefs related to PA and QOL in adults living with ICDs. The Health Belief Model provided the theoretical framework for this study. A convenience sample of 107 adult, ICD recipients (26 females and 81 males) were recruited from five cardiology clinic settings within the same private practice. Seventy-seven percent completed the study tasks (N=81). Subjects completed a Demographic Data Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Expectations after ICD Scale, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Health Belief Questionnaire, Incidental and Planned Exercise Questionnaire and Quality of Life Medical Outcomes Survey-SF36®. Clinical data was collected from the medical record. Mean age of the subjects was 70.23 yrs. ± 11.76 yrs. The majority were male (71.6 percent) and 77.8 percent were White, non-Hispanic. Most were insured by Medicare (79 percent), were retired (50 percent) and reported incomes less than 20,000 dollars/year (39 percent). Over 98 percent were diagnosed with heart failure and almost 40 percent reported their physical activity had decreased since having an ICD implanted. There were no differences in health beliefs and QOL scores between subjects who had an ICD as a primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Predictors of PA participation in this population were Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) beliefs, Self-Efficacy ICD (SEICD) beliefs, age and NYHA Class. Almost 33 percent of variance in PA participation can be explained by SEE (b = 2.407, β = .390, t = 3.911, p<.01); SEICD (b =2.304, β = .215, t = 2.149, p<.05); age (b = -.394, β = -.234, t =-2.277, p<.05); and NYHA Class (b = -6.373, β =-.198, t = -1.998, p =<.05). Findings indicate the strength of self-confidence in influencing healthy behavior. Findings support the need for more research in identifying barriers and predictors of PA participation in adult, ICD recipients.
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Zhang, Ni. "Viral buzz on social network sites about physical activity : fad or fabulous?" Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1942.
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While there is a growing trend to use social media for public health promotion, research on its actual potential to influence health behaviors is limited. This dissertation explores whether and how social network sites (SNSs) can be used to promote physical activity (PA) through electronic word of mouth (eWOM). Composed of two studies, this dissertation explores PA-related eWOM from both the senders' and receivers' perspectives, and examines actual messages. The first study uses a web survey and explores the antecedents and communication consequences of eWOM about leisure-time PA (LTPA), and the behavioral consequences of eWOM among college students. The second study is based on a content analysis of public Twitter posts in the U.S. in 2011 regarding PA. Based on Sun et al.'s (2006) Path Model of Antecedents and Consequences of Online Word of Mouth, it was found that undergraduate SNS users with higher affective involvement and stronger social ties with their SNS contacts were more likely to provide opinions or information about PA. People with stronger social ties were also more likely to seek opinions or information. Both opinion leadership and opinion seeking were associated with forwarding and chatting. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior, the first study also found social support of PA via eWOM on SNSs is associated with both affective and instrumental attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC), while social negativity of PA via eWOM on SNSs is associated with instrumental attitudes and PBC. Affective attitude, instrumental attitude, and PBC, in turn, predict intention to participate in LTPA. Moreover, when putting all these different constructs together to predict intention, social support via eWOM was found to indirectly influence the intention to participate in LTPA through the constructs in the Theory of Planned Behavior (including affective and instrumental attitudes and perceived behavioral control). Applying the components of both the Path Model of Antecedents and Consequences of Online Word of Mouth and the Social Cognitive Theory, the second study examined Twitter posts of PA-related eWOM. PA modeling dominated the different aspects of social influence. Most people chat rather than forward information, and provide rather than seek opinions and information about PA. PA type is associated with PA modeling in multiple ways. People with more followers are more likely to forward information about PA. This dissertation widens and deepens the understanding of PA-related eWOM on SNSs by the application of theoretical frameworks from both marketing and health behavior fields. The results suggest that people who find PA interesting and fun, perceive themselves as close to their contacts on SNSs, and have larger social network on SNSs can be recruited as opinion leaders in future interventions to promote PA. These opinion leaders can provide PA modeling and social support though SNSs which will increase their contacts' positive attitudes and PBC and consequently increase their intention to participate in PA.
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Norris, Michael L. "Exploring the Beliefs African American Parents and their Preschool Children Ascribe to Physical Activity." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376738484.
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Agdeppa, Kortney R. "Identifying the Physical Education Beliefs of Classroom Teachers." Scholarly Commons, 2017. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/312.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the beliefs that classroom teachers have toward physical education. In recent years, the educational climate has prioritized academic achievement and standardized testing, thus diminishing the role of content areas such as physical education (Sallis, Mckenzie, Beets, Beighle, Erwin, & Lee, 2013). Classroom teachers are now more likely to assume the responsibility for providing physical education programming (Erwin, Beighle, Morgan, & Noland, 2011). Therefore, it is important to better understand the educational beliefs classroom teachers possess and investigate their personal experience within the physical education environment. To identify the beliefs of classroom teachers, this study used convenience, snowball, and purposive sampling techniques which were employed to secure voluntary participants. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. When all data was collected the researcher then transcribed, open-coded, analyzed, and synthesized the data. During the data analysis process the researcher looked to discover common themes between the participants’ teaching experiences and beliefs towards physical education by using an inductive analysis approach. The results emerged with themes related to mandating physical education, previous physical education knowledge, personal experience in physical education and acquiring appreciation for physical education. The resulting discussion provided support that physical education has many benefits, including the improvement of physical, mental, and emotional health, as well as improvement in academic achievement.
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Helmcamp, Annette Marguerite. "The Relationship of Exercise Duration to Disordered Eating, Physical Self-Esteem, and Beliefs About Attractiveness." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500320/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between exercise duration and level of disordered eating, physical self-esteem, and endorsement of societal mores about attractiveness. Two hundred twenty-nine female college students completed the Bulimia-Test Revised, the Physical Self Perception Profile, the Beliefs About Attractiveness Questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Subjects were classified into one of four levels of exercise duration based on the number of hours they reported engaging in planned exercise per week. Significant differences were identified among the four exercise groups in relation to physical self-esteem. The amount of exercise activity individuals engaged in per week, however, was not indicative of their eating disorder symptomatology or beliefs about attractiveness.
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Lammers, Joyce. "Physical Therapists’ Beliefs about Preparation to Work in Special Care Nurseries and Neonatal Intensive Care Units." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/65.
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BACKGROUND: Physical therapists (PTs) may care for full-term or premature newborns in all levels of hospital nurseries. There is some endorsement in the published physical therapy literature for restricting practice in the nursery setting to only those PTs with specialized training.1-4 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of becoming and being a physical therapist in a special care nursery (SCN) or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from the therapists’ perspective. METHODS: The participants were physical therapists who have practiced in a SCN or NICU in the United States. A phenomenological approach was used and data was collected through interviews. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data and identify common themes to describe therapists’ beliefs about becoming and being a physical therapist in a hospital nursery. RESULTS: These four themes include: 1) Never Alone, which reflects the unique collaborative culture of the NICU; 2) Families First, which speaks to the need to focus on the family, avoid judgment, and facilitate their involvement in the care of their child; 3) Take a Deep Breath, which reflects the need to be mindful and cautious because of the potential to do harm due to the extreme fragility of the infant; and 4) Know What You Don’t Know, which reflects the depth and breadth of knowledge necessary to work in the NICU/SCN. CONCLUSIONS: This project was the first to systematically research practicing therapist’s beliefs and perspectives regarding PT practice in the SCN and NICU. It is evident that current practice does not align with the adopted statements from APTA and APPT, as well as other professional associations. Much evidence draws attention to the fragility of premature neonates, yet our PT practice and education does not appropriately address these concerns.
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Alharbi, Basmah Fehaid H. "Young Saudi women’s beliefs upon their engagement in physical activity: A mixed method study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227842/1/Basmah%20Fehaid%20H_Alharbi_Thesis.pdf.
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A culturally sensitive and theory-based questionnaire, the Belief-Based Physical Activity Questionnaire for young Saudi females aged 18-35, (BPAQ-YSF) was developed, validated, and adapted to the Saudi culture. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the research identified Saudi females' physical activity beliefs, developed a valid, theory-based questionnaire for Saudi Arabic culture, and identified the psychosocial factors that influence their engagement in physical activity. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was used to conduct five integrated studies. This research will contribute to one of the main elements of Saudi Arabia's 2030 vision by helping Saudis adopt and maintain a more active and healthier lifestyle.
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Richard, Sheryl Lynn. "African American Single Mothers' Perceptions of Physical Activity." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2425.
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Insufficient physical activity detracts from healthy living and has a disparate impact on African American women and their female children. The extensive body of prior research addressing preventable chronic disease and other consequences of insufficient physical activity includes limited information specific to African American single mothers. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to gain an understanding of African American single mothers' perceptions of physical activity. Specifically investigated were African American women's familial influences and potential effects of these influences on their children's health behaviors. The health belief model served as the theoretical framework for this study and provided a contextual lens to explore research questions to elicit African American single mothers' perceptions of physical activity. Six African American single mothers participated in semistructured interviews that produced data for this study. Use of Colaizzi's data analysis method revealed thematic single mother reports of healthy lifestyle, social support, resources/education, body/self-image, stress management, fear and embarrassment, motivation/inspiration, and injury/illness as factors affecting their engagement in physical activity. Future research opportunities include exploring multilevel interventions specific to African American single mothers and using common weight-related terminology. Study findings could benefit health educators, administrators, and providers. Positive social implications include improved physical activity and health outcomes for African American single mothers with ultimate decreased health care costs for the U.S. society.
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Godino, Job Gideon. "The impact of personalised information about physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648182.
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Barton, Mitch. "The Influence of Perceived Support From Parental and Peer Relationships on Students' Health-related Beliefs and Behaviors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271778/.
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College is an important time for young adults, but most college students fail to meet the daily recommendations for physical activity. Social support is associated with positive health practices, but limited research is available on the role of perceived support from specific relationships, (e.g., peers and parents). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of perceived support from parental and peer relationships on health-related beliefs and behaviors. Participants (N = 333) completed the Quality of Relationships Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Satisfaction With Life scale, and a short version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. While highly active students did not necessarily have more socially support relationships, females self-reported more conflict with both parents and more depth and support with a special person in their life than males, and parental and peer relationships appeared to be a greater influence on females' perceptions of satisfaction and self-worth.
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Ngwenya, Nkosinathi Hezekia. "Pre-service science education students’ epistemological beliefs about the nature of science and science teaching and learning." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1377.
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Submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE EDUCATION in the Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology (MSTE) at the University of Zululand, 2015.This study set out to investigate beliefs held by pre service Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) students about the nature of science and science teaching and learning. The research sample comprised one hundred and eighty four (184) third and fourth year (B.Ed) students majoring in mathematics and physical sciences. Data on students’ epistemological beliefs about the nature of science and science teaching and Learning were collected using two questionnaires: The Nature of Science as Argument Questionnaire (NSAAQ) and Beliefs About Reformed Science Teaching and Learning (BARSTL). Furthermore the study sought to find out if those beliefs cohered with the beliefs espoused by the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) for Physical Sciences grades 10-12. The conceptual framework of this study was framed upon the preponderance of literature that carried the view that a teacher’s classroom practices are a consequence of two main dialectic influences: (a) the teacher’s epistemological beliefs about the nature of science, which may be either naïve or sophisticated; and (b) the teacher’s beliefs about teaching and learning, which may be either traditional or reformed. Accordingly, the conceptual framework guiding the study opined that teachers holding naïve beliefs about the nature of science, and those holding traditional notions of teaching and learning will be characterized by teacher-centred instructional approaches, while those holding sophisticated beliefs of the nature of science and a reformed view of teaching and learning will be associated with learner-centred instructional approaches. This study was a case study conducted at a South African university, and involved one hundred and eighty-four third and fourth year students registered for a four-year Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) degree for the Senior and Further Education and Training phase. During these two final years of the programme students are engaged in science enquiry practices in their Methods modules. The participants were registered in physical science and mathematics education. Intact groups were used, so there was no sampling undertaken to select participants. Data were collected by the use of (a) the Nature of Science as Argument Questionnaire (NSAAQ), to determine epistemological beliefs held by the participants about the nature of science, as well as the concurrence of those beliefs with the views about science teaching and learning espoused by the NCS; and (b) the Beliefs about Reformed Science Teaching and Learning (BARSTL) questionnaire, to determine the beliefs held by preservice education students about science teaching and learning. Data analysis involved the use of both descriptive statistical methods to decipher patterns and general trends regarding the epistemological beliefs about science held by participants, and their beliefs about science teaching and learning, as well as inferential statistics to test both a priori and a posteriori hypotheses. Similarly, statistical analysis was carried out to determine whether or not third- and fourth-year pre-service science education students held beliefs about science teaching and learning that were in agreement with the pedagogical content beliefs about science teaching and learning espoused by the NCS. The study found that pre service students held significantly more sophisticated epistemological beliefs about the nature of science at fourth year than at third year level. The results also showed that fourth year students demonstrated a significantly higher level of ‘reformed oriented teaching and learning beliefs’ about science than did the third year students. The results however showed that third and fourth year students held beliefs that were not in line with the beliefs espoused by the National Curriculum Statement (NCS). These results support studies which have found that student teachers become more sophisticated in their epistemological beliefs towards graduation. The findings also showed that the B.Ed programme is succeeding in developing both epistemological beliefs about the nature of science and teaching and learning. The degree to which the programme succeeded in developing these beliefs was however quite small. This study recommends that further investigations be done to determine whether students who hold sophisticated epistemological beliefs about the nature of science and ‘reformed beliefs about science teaching and learning’ also demonstrate superior science teaching skills
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Fancott, Carol A. "Cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes of immigrant Chinese women towards physical activity and exercise, a qualitative inquiry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58883.pdf.
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Karuguti, M. Wallace. "Medical doctors physical activity patterns and their advice about chronic diseases of lifestyle risk reduction in Tanzania." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9314_1363781272.
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Chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) are on a raising trend in the world regardless of age, economic class or geographical location of a population. The mortality rate associated with CDL is alarmingly among the highest globally. Tanzania is not exempted from this development. Literature indicates that physical activity is a health practice that can prevent CDL. It is recommended that medical practitioners should hold the responsibility of counselling patients on physical activity. Some studies outside Africa found an association between doctors&rsquo
physical activity patterns and their counselling practices on the same. This study therefore sought to establish whether physical inactivity among medical
doctors in Tanzania significantly influenced their counselling practices on physical activity. A cross sectional quantitative survey at the Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute was conducted to derive the required information. A self administered structured questionnaire was voluntarily answered by 144 medical doctors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used for data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data and was expressed as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The students&rsquo
t-test was used to compare mean physical activity between different groups. Furthermore students&rsquo
t-test and analysis of variance tests were used to examine association between different variables. Chisquare tests were used to test for associations between categorical variables. Alpha level was set at p<
0.05. Most of the participants in this study were sedentary in their leisure time and only active at work. When their quality of
physical activity counselling was assessed, the majority of them were found to be poor physical activity counsellors. A significant association was found between physical activity and age, as well as physical activity and counselling practice (p<
0.05). Participants mostly informed their patients about the intensity and duration of exercising more than any other idea of physical activity such as types of exercises, issuing of a written prescription and planning for a follow up. Lack of knowledge and experience about details of physical activity were reasons offered for failure to counsel. Participants also reported the inconvenience of physical activity facility&rsquo
s schedules, fatigue and tiredness to be their
barriers to physical activity participation. Doctors in Tanzania lacked personal initiative to participate in physical activity and consequently lacked the motivation to counsel.
Measures around enhancing this health practice should be enhanced by all stakeholders including medical doctors, physiotherapists and patients. The need for short term and
long term training in matters related to physical activity are therefore necessary among the practicing doctors and those undergoing training in medical schools. Physiotherapists who are trained in movement science can offer valuable advice/information to medical doctors to ensure that medical doctors acquire physical activity prescription and
counselling knowledge. Collaboration between stakeholders in campaigning against sedentary lifestyles should be enhanced. Further reasons for failure to counsel, hindrances to physical activity participation and modern approaches to counselling should be explored.
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Kowalewska, Agata O. "Health Beliefs, Behaviors, and Environmental Factors related to Diet and Physical Activity among College Students and their Parents." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77104.
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Diet and physical activity behaviors may be influenced by internal and external factors that may change over time, in response to personal development and changes in environments. The current literature does not explore specifically how the different factors and particularly Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) constructs, affect behaviors of college students.
This project, aimed to compare the influence of SCT constructs between college students and parents in healthier foods (HF) and physical activity (PA) categories (first part) and SCT on diet and physical activity of students (second part). In the spring of 2009 the cross-sectional survey was conducted with students and their parents from three different courses. Out of 720 students, 404 (56.1%) completed the survey. Out of 173 contacted parents, 118 (68.2%) completed the survey. Spearman rank correlation and multiple regression models were applied to test relations between SCT and behaviors in student-parent pairs and student groups.
Student-parent pairs showed positive correlations for self-efficacy (p=0.0004), self-regulation (p<0.0001), and positive outcome expectations for HF (p= 0.03). For PA, social support from family (p<0.0001), self-efficacy (p=0.0003), self-regulation (p=0.004), and negative outcome expectations (p= 0.02) were significantly correlated. None of the HF or PA behaviors were correlated for student-parent pairs. Students who took at least one health-related course in college had significantly higher Godin (exercise) scores (p=0.014) than students who never took such a course. The students with a course had PA influenced by self-regulation, outcome expectations, and support from friends. Students with no courses had been influenced by friends' support, home exercise equipment, and outcome expectations. The students with a health course consumed more fiber (p=0.035) and less fat (p=0.008) than the other students. The correlation of SCT variables with diet revealed that self-efficacy and self-regulation were significantly correlated with all food variables, whereas negative outcomes were correlated only with fat (p<0.0001) and fiber (p=0.003).
Beliefs about HF and PA may have demonstrated continuity between generations but dietary and PA behaviors may have been under stronger influence of changes in skills/knowledge and environments. Future research may focus on recruitment of balanced groups of participants who will represent similar skills/knowledge and interests.Ph. D.
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Smith, Joanna. "Can a physical education intervention with Year 2 children influence their perceptions, knowledge, and choices about physical activity? : a research project report." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2866.
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The purposes of this study were to examine (a) what views Year 2 hold about
physical activity, (b) how they perceive their own ability, and how much
effort they give, with regard to physical activity, and (c) how they explain the
importance of being physically active. In addition, a physical education (PE)
intervention was put in place to see if it would change the children's
perceptions, choices and knowledge in regard to physical activity. Two
groups of four Year 2 children from a private city school took part in
individual and group interviews before and after the teaching intervention.
Results indicated that the children viewed physical activity, PE and physical
fitness, positively. The children in this study held high self-perceptions of
their ability to do physical activity and sport and attributed their abilities to
previous physical experiences and effort. Before the teaching intervention the
children's knowledge of concepts of health related physical activity were
vague and incomplete. Following the eight-week intervention the children in
this group were able to answer the knowledge questions accurately and in
detail.
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LePage, Marie Louise. "Exercise and Eating Disordered Beliefs and Behaviors: A Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1308140826.
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Wallace, Ian Joseph. "The Influence of Physical Activity and Television on the Intention and Self-Efficacy to Engage in Health-Enhancing Behaviors." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1351.
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Cancer and heart disease account for the largest proportion of morbidity and mortality among all adult diseases in the United States. Research has focused on identifying causal risk factors among adolescents. However, theories of health behavior change also stress the intermediary factors of intention and efficacy for effective behavior change. Existing research supports the potential of physical activity (PA), particularly learned through the domains of exercise and sport, as a means to developing these necessary skills (Danish, Petitpas, & Hale, 1993). The current investigation examined the influence of PA and television watching (TV) on intentions and efficacy to engage in health-enhancing behaviors. This was achieved by analyzing data from Building a BRIDGE to Better Health, a school-based health promotion program. Results indicate that independently, PA and TV significantly influence specific as well as general intentions and efficacy. These findings have important implications for adolescent health behavior.
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Burdon-Cooper, Caroline. "Fear of falling and associated activity restriction in older adults : an exploration of anxiety, coping style and beliefs about health and ageing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26363.
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Research into the prediction of falls in elderly people has demonstrated the significance of psychological factors, which are assumed to contribute to a falls related syndrome. This syndrome consists of avoidance of activity, loss of confidence in movement, and the acknowledgement of fear or concern about future falls. This can result in considerable 'excess disability' in the form of increased susceptibility to anxiety and depression, and the likelihood of further physical decline through inactivity. This study examined the relationship between fear of falling, associated activity restriction and a number of psychological variables such as anxiety, coping style and health beliefs in a sample of older adults who were attending falls prevention clinics. The aims of the study were to explore alternative conceptualisations of the fear of falling syndrome, to investigate the impact of health misconceptions and negative views of ageing, and to examine coping in this group. Conditional upon receiving informed consent, 30 participants were interviewed during their attendance at two geriatric day hospitals. Information was gathered from participants using a structured interview and measures of anxiety, coping, depression, worry, ageing morale and falls confidence. Information on physical mobility and medical comorbidity was gathered with consent from patients' medical notes. Results highlighted the presence of considerable levels of depression and anxiety within the sample. Association was demonstrated between beliefs about uncontrollable age -related decline and levels of activity restriction in the sample. Less anxious fallers displayed greater use of problem-focused coping strategies than did anxious fallers.
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Harris, Tamiera S. "Leisure Time Physical Activities of Older Adults in Senior Housing." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5199.
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Increasing physical activity levels of older adults is a public health priority given the associated risks with sedentary lifestyles. Exercise such as walking may positively affect older adults as they age decreasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, or death. The purpose of this study was to examine physical activities of older adults in senior housing and to determine if age correlates with the amount of physical activity. Physical activity studies on older adults are limited due to time and resources. The health belief model and transtheoretical model frames this study theorizing that older adults will take positive steps towards achieving recommended physical activities based on their perceived threats and benefits. A correlational research design provided systematic information about physical activities of older adults in senior housing and aided in determining if age relates to the amount of physical activity. The study used a convenience sampling of 62 older adults in senior housing and data collected from the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire. The make-up of the sample included 36 females and 26 males aged 65 to 84 years old. The age of older adults in a senior housing community is not related to the amount of physical activity completed per week. The results of the descriptive analyses show that 53% of older adults in senior housing are not meeting physical activity guidelines of at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week. However, this is not statistically significant since all p-values for physical activity are greater than .05% level of significance at .776. Additional services such as providing leisure activity support to older adults through peer monitoring or adequate recreational facilities in the community can aid in helping older adults achieve physical activity recommendations.
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Barbera, Jack. "Combining research in physical chemistry and chemical education: Part A. The femtosecond molecular dynamics of small gas-phase anion clusters. Part B. Surveying student beliefs about chemistry and the development of physical chemistry learning tutorials." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3256464.
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Olsson, Louise, and Maja Svensson. "“Det ska vara roligt att träna, det ska vara roligt att leva” : - en studie om coachers upplevelser av Compensatory health beliefs." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-29362.
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Att leva strikt hälsosamt och att unna sig frestelser är två faktorer som det ofta talas om i dagens samhälle och fysisk aktivitet på fritiden har blivit viktigare då våra arbeten blir alltmer stillasittande. Frågan är dock vilken inverkan fysisk aktivitet har på hälsan när träningen genomförs som ett kompenserande beteende. Syfte: Huvudsyftet med studien är att baserat på en tolkning av coachers upplevelser av Compensatory health beliefs (CHB) skapa en vidare förståelse för fenomenet och vilken påverkan coacher kan ha på fysiskt aktiva individers CHB. Delsyftet är att lyfta fram lämpliga pedagogiska insatser som coacher utifrån sin förståelse för CHB föreslår kan bidra till en hälsosam syn på kost och träning. Metod: Föreliggande studie har en kvalitativ metodansats där intervjuer användes som datainsamling. Insamlingsmaterialet bestod av sju transkriberade intervjuer med coacher inom fysisk aktivitet. Det empiriska materialet sammanställdes till olika teman och analyserades genom en meningsanalys. Resultat: CHB var synligt hos de fysiskt aktiva främst genom uttalad synd. En påverkan skedde från coacher till klient där outtalade krav uppfattades som negativa medan genomtänkt feedback från coacherna i huvudsak upplevdes som positivt. Lärande synliggjordes även från klient till coach genom en ökad förståelse för vikten av individanpassad coaching. För att arbeta aktivt med CHB upplevdes utbildning och kunskap hos såväl coacher som klienter som särskilt viktiga faktorer. Slutsats: En uppfattning har skapats att CHB kan ha negativ inverkan på hälsan, och det behövs mer forskning för att förstå vilken påverkan CHB har på beteendeförändringar. Coacher med hög kunskapsnivå upplevs ha positiv påverkan på klienten.To live strictly healthy and to indulge in temptations are two factors that are often spoken about in today's society and physical activity in leisure time has become more important since our work is becoming increasingly sedentary. The question is, however, what impact physical activity have on health when it is implemented as a compensatory behavior.Aim: The main aim of the study is to, based on an interpretation of coaches experiences of Compensatory health beliefs (CHB), create a further understanding of the phenomenon and what influence coaches may have on the CHB of physical active individuals. The subsidiary aim is to highlight the appropriate educational interventions that coaches, based on their understanding of CHB, proposes can contribute to a healthy approach to diet and exercise. Method: The present study has a qualitative method where interviews were used as data collection. The gathered material consisted of seven transcribed interviews with coaches in physical activity. The empirical material was interpreted and compiled into themes through a meaning categorization. Results: CHB was visible in the physically active primarily by expressed sin. An impact occurred from the coaches to the client where non expressed demands were perceived as negative, while thoughtful feedback from the coaches were generally perceived as positive. Learning was also made visible from the client to the coach through an increased understanding of the importance of individualized coaching. To work actively with CHB, training and knowledge amongst both coaches and clients were percieved as key factors. Conclusion: A perception has been created that CHB may have negative impact on health, and more research is needed to understand the impact that CHB has on behavioral changes. Coaches with a high level of knowledge is perceived to have a positive impact on the client.
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Petersson, Malin, and Caroline Bäckström. "How does a Government Lower Primary School in India work with mathematics? - A study on how the teachers’ mathematical beliefs affect the norms operating in the classroom." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35819.
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Denna studie beskriver hur en kommunal grundskola i sydvästra Indien undervisar matematik.Vår frågeställning var: Hur fungerar en indisk statlig grundskola arbetar med matematik? Vilka är lärarnas uppfattningar om skolans sätt att undervisa? För att ha möjlighet att fördjupa oss i frågorna undersökte vi även Hur lärarnas föreställningar om matematik påverkar normerna i klassrummet utifrån ramen av Yack och Cobbs normteori. Det är en kvalitativ studie där vi utförde observationer av undervisningen och intervjuer med lärare och rektorn på skolan om deras syn på matematikundervisningen, under tre veckor. Vi samlade också information om och dokumenterade deras matematikverkstad.Utifrån våra intervjuer och observationer kunde vi dra slutsatsen att samtliga på skolan arbetade med en aktivitetsbaserad undervisning där matematik lärs med hjälp av manipulativt, laborativt material. De arbetade tillsammans i ett arbetslag med en strävan att uppfylla läroplanens mål och med en gemensam arbetsmetod. Vi fann också att lärarnas värderingar och föreställningar om hur matematik ska läras ut, påverkar de normer som verkar i klassrummet.Denna studie kan inte generaliserbar eftersom detta är en fallstudie på denna skola. Dock förespråkar den indiska läroplanen att undervisningen ska ske utifrån elevnära aktiviteter, men matematikverkstaden på denna skola var speciell och utvecklad på denna skola.For our study, we visited a Government Lower Primary School in India to inquiry about how a school in another schooling context teaches mathematics. Our research questions were: How does an Indian Government Lower Primary School work with mathematics? What are the teachers' perceptions of the school’s teaching approach? In addition to these questions and to inquire deeper into this subject, we also investigated How do the teachers’ perceptions and method of teaching connect to Yackel and Cobb’s framework of the different kinds of norms operating in the classroom?We did a qualitative study, staying at the school for three weeks to interview teachers about their method of teaching mathematics as well as observing how they were teaching mathematics and the norms that operated in the classroom. We also gathered information about their mathematics laboratory. During our interviews and observations we came to the conclusion that the school worked with activity-based learning by using manipulative materials. All teachers as well as the principal cooperatively strived to meet the curricula objectives, with the same teaching approach. We also found that the teachers’ values and beliefs about how mathematics should be taught, affect the norms operating in the classroom.This study cannot be generalised for all schools in India or even in this area. This study is a minor study which only considered one particular school which used an interesting teaching method, activity-based learning with manipulatives.
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Bennett, Erica. "'It's all about modifying your expectations...my job right now is to be healthy, not super fit' : women's experiences with physical activity throughout the course of pregnancy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37524.
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Physical activity levels adopted during pregnancy can impact future behaviours post-partum, resulting in long term physiological and psychological effects (Hausenblas et al., 2008). The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine women’s experiences with physical activity throughout the course of pregnancy. Nine previously active expecting women participated in a series of two semi-structured interviews in early second trimester and mid to late third trimester. Data was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results revealed that physical barriers to activity changed throughout the course of pregnancy. Commonly identified barriers during the first and second trimester included fear of miscarriage, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, and weather, while changes in the body, fear of injury, pain and discomfort, and work demands were prominent in the third trimester. In contrast, the identified environmental barriers to activity such as the influence of experts, information sources regarding physical activity (i.e. books, internet) and weather, remained stable throughout pregnancy. Despite these barriers, participants were motivated to engage in physical activity throughout pregnancy to maintain physical fitness, health of the baby and themselves, and to relieve stress. Physical activity behaviours were supported by the participants’ partners; however, the majority of participants sought out prenatal exercise classes to create a social network with other expecting mothers. The need to examine pregnant women’s experiences with physical activity from a holistic approach beyond the biomedical model is discussed. Findings contribute to the sport, exercise, and health psychology literature focusing on physical activity during pregnancy and could potentially inform subsequent interventions focused on motivation for physical activity during pregnancy. Participants in this study were predominantly white, heterosexual, well-educated, and English speaking; therefore, future studies should examine the experiences of single women, expecting mothers who identify as lesbian, and women who are diverse in terms of income and educational attainment.
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Bruner, Michael R. "Psychological Inflexibility as a Mediator of Associations between Health Attitudes and Health Behaviors in a Sample of Urban Underserved Youth." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1503601004495037.
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Lindström, Klara, and Anton Söderqvist. "Det är bara en bit papper, eller?En litteraturstudie om patienters upplevelse av fysisk aktivitet på recept : It’s only a piece of paper, or?A litteraturstudy about patients perception of physical activity on prescription." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84366.
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Viazovskienė, Beata. "Kauno Technologijos Universiteto pirmo ir antro kursų studentų mitybos įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070803.100538-19874.
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Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti Kauno Technologijos Universiteto pirmo ir antro kurso studentų mitybos įpročius bei žinias apie sveikos mitybos principus.
Darbo uždaviniai:
1. Įvertinti studentų mitybos įpročius.
2. Įvertinti studentų žinias apie sveikos mitybos principus.
Tyrimo metodai: anoniminės anketinės apklausos pagalba buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti studentų žinias apie sveiką mitybą, maitinimos ypročius bei rėžimą, fizinį aktyvumą.Tyrime dalyvavo Kauno technologijos universiteto pirmo ir antro kursų 310 studentų, pasirinktų atsitiktine tvarka.
Rezultatai: Studentų mityba nėra sveika. Kad mityba yra sveika – pažymėjo 2,58 proc. iš visų apklaustųjų. Studentų tarpe yra populiarus greitas maistas. Dažniausiai studentai nurodė, jog sveikai maitintis jiems trukdo laiko stoka. Apklausti studentai maitinasi nereguliariai, 18,39 proc. nesilaikė mitybos režimo. Taip pat skyrėsi valgymų skaičius ir paskutinio valgymo laikas. Tik 12,3 proc. studentų (vyrų 24,0 proc. ir moterų 4,3 proc.) valgo 5 ir daugiau kartų per dieną. Tris – keturis kartus dienoje valgo 66,4 proc. apklaustų vaikinų ir 74,1 proc. merginų. Vaikinai paskutinį kartą dienoje linkę valgyti vėliau nei merginos, nepriklausomai nuo jų gyvenamosios vietos. Vaikinai gyvenantis su tėvais, nuomojame bute ar bendrabutyje dažniau nei merginos valgo vėliau nei 20 val., merginos paskutinų kartą dienoje valgo iki 20 val.
Nustačius ryšį tarp paskutinio valgymo dienoje ir kūno masės indeksą, matome, jog studentai priskirti II – ai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Aim of the study is to investigate peculiarities of Kaunas University of Technology students’ nutrition. Objectives: 1. Investigate peculiarities of students’ nutrition. 2. Investigate students’ news about nutrition. Methods. An anonymous survey using a specially designed questionnaire was carried out on 310 first – second - year students of the Kaunas University of Technology. The questionnaire was used for investigation of peculiarities of students’ nutrition, healthy nutrition knowledge, and physical activity. Results. The nutrition of students is irregular; differ in time and number of meals. Only 12,3 percent (males 24,0 percent and females 4,3 percent) eats 5 and more times per day. Three – four times per day are eating 66,4 percent males and 74,1 percent females. Students stated that they don‘t have time for healthy nutrition. Males are eating later last time per day than females. Mostly females last time per day eats till 8 p.m. and males after 8 p.m. It doesn‘t related to their living place. There was established coherence between last time eating per day and body mass index (BMI), students who are at the second group by BMI (BMI-18,5-24,9) last time per day are eating till 6 p.m. Students who have overweight are eating last time per day after 8 p. m. Students consumed insufficient amounts of bread, potatoes, cereals, and other products that constitute the basis of the pyramid of healthy nutrition. The largest part of vegetable oil using first group students by BMI... [to full text]
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Coker, Suzanne Patricia, and s. coker@cqu edu au. "A Positive Psychological Perspective of the Direct and Indirect Influences of Gender Role Schema and the Experience of Childhood Trauma on Psychological, Physical, and Social Well-Being in Adulthood." Central Queensland University. Department of Psychology and Sociology, 2007. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20071016.145424.
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This research assessed psychosocial and cognitive factors influencing well-being, utilising a positive psychological perspective. The theoretical framework of this research was provided by two of the sub-theories of Self-Determination Theory Basic Needs Theory and Organismic Integration Theory along with Gender Role Theory, and Becks Cognitive Triad, with each of these theories relating differentially to the concept of control or self-determination. More specifically, the current research examined the relationship between gender role schema and the experience of childhood trauma with psychological, physical, and social well-being in adults. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 employed a random sample of 410 participants from Central Queensland, Australia, to develop the World Beliefs Inventory (WBI). This 21-item inventory was developed to assess world beliefs, based on a translation of Aerts et al.s (1994) philosophical conceptualisation of world beliefs into common terminology. Developing the WBI enabled the assessment of world beliefs, which along with beliefs about oneself (operationalised as perceived control), and the future (dispositional optimism) constitute Becks (1976) cognitive triad. Statistical analyses indicated that the inventory provided a good representation of the world beliefs construct, as well as possessing favourable concurrent validity (e.g., positive views regarding the nature of the world were associated with decreased frequency of depressive symptoms experienced, and greater general psychological health and self-esteem). Study 2 was designed to investigate the direct and indirect relationships between gender role schema (masculinity and femininity) and the experience of childhood trauma with psychological, physical, and social well-being, being mediated by (a) the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, (b) beliefs about the world, oneself, and the future, (c) the self-regulation of withholding negative emotion (SRWNE), and (d) somatic amplification. Study 2 employed a separate random sample of 605 participants from Central Queensland. Psychological, physical, and social well-being were each assessed independently to determine whether patterns of significant relationships were similar or different across the different types of well-being. In order to test the theories underlying the structural models of well-being, five hierarchical models of each type of well-being were analysed and compared. Satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and beliefs about the future (dispositional optimism) were found to play a role in the process via which masculinity, femininity, and the experience of childhood trauma influenced all three forms of well-being, while world beliefs were additionally found to influence social well-being, and the SRWNE additionally influenced physical well-being. Results therefore support Basic Needs Theory and provide partial support for Becks cognitive triad. They also provide evidence of the utility of the concept of the SRWNE, which was developed in accordance with Organismic Integration Theory.
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Falzon, Charlène. "Les barrières psychologiques à la pratique de l'activité physique chez les personnes touchées par le cancer : rôle des stéréotypes et de la contagion motivationnelle." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929830.
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La première partie de cette thèse défend l'hypothèse selon laquelle les croyances des personnes touchées par le cancer à propos de l'activité physique reflètent l'internalisation de stéréotypes, affectant leurs comportements vis-à-vis de l'activité physique. Les deux premières études de la thèse ont permis d'identifier cinq catégories de croyances liées à l'activité physique dont quatre constituent des barrières psychologiques, ainsi que de développer et valider une échelle mesurant les stéréotypes relatifs au cancer et à l'activité physique. L'étude 3 a montré que les stéréotypes relatifs au cancer et à l'activité physique des patients atteints de cancer sont reliés à leur niveau d'activité physique. Enfin, l'étude 4 a mis en évidence l'influence positive du statut d'individu " physiquement actif " dans la formation d'impressions de la population générale à l'égard des individus atteints de cancer. L'objectif secondaire de cette thèse était d'identifier des conditions de changement des croyances et de la motivation à l'égard de l'activité physique chez les personnes touchées par le cancer. Deux études ont examiné les effets de messages de promotion de l'activité physique auprès de patients sédentaires. L'étude 5 a montré que les messages informatifs génèrent les scores de croyances les plus favorables, tandis que les messages narratifs seraient plus appropriés pour augmenter leur motivation. L'étude 6 a confirmé l'hypothèse selon laquelle un message narratif porté par un pair intrinsèquement motivé est plus efficace pour améliorer la motivation à faire de l'exercice chez des patients sédentaires, qu'un message narratif porté par un pair extrinsèquement motivé.
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Ocampo, Mascaró Javier, Salazar Vera Jimena Silva, and Costa Bullón Abilio da. "Correlación entre conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad y grado de actividad física en universitarios." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621624.
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Introducción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si existe correlación entre los conocimientos sobre las consecuencias de la obesidad y el grado de actividad física de las personas.
Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico durante los años 2013 y 2014. Participaron 215 alumnos de pregrado seleccionados por conveniencia no relacionados a carreras del campo de la salud en una universidad de Lima, Perú. Se evaluó el grado de actividad física utilizando el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y el nivel de conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad utilizando la escala Obesity Risk Knowledge-10 (ORK-10). También, se consignó las fuentes de información de donde obtuvieron el conocimiento para responder dicho cuestionario.
Resultados. La mediana de edad fue 20 (rango intercuartílico=4) y 63% eran mujeres. De acuerdo al IPAQ, 53,9% realizaban actividad física alta, 35,4%, moderada y 10,7%, leve. Se encontró una correlación muy baja (rs=0,06) entre el puntaje del ORK-10 y la cantidad de equivalentes metabólicos/minuto consumidos por semana, pero no era significativa (p=0,38). Las personas informadas por medios de comunicación y por personal de salud obtuvieron mayores puntajes en el ORK- 10 que quienes se informaron por otras vías (p<0,05).
Conclusiones. La correlación entre los conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad y el grado de actividad física es muy baja. Es necesario utilizar enfoques
multidisciplinarios que incluyan todos los determinantes de la realización de actividad física para poder lograr cambios en la conducta de la población.
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Velasquez, Katherine Elizabeth Serna 1961. "Relation of acculturation, perceived benefits and barriers, self-efficacy, social support, and beliefs about physical activity to physical activity levels of college-aged Hispanic and non-Hispanic women." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2786.
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Two overall national health goals are to increase the quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities. Physical inactivity is a leading cause of disability and death due to its relationship with overweight and chronic disease. Hispanic women are less physically active than Hispanic men and Anglo women in leisure time physical activity and recommended levels of physical activity (PA). From a developmental perspective, understanding prevalence and correlates of PA in emerging adulthood may make a significant contribution to increasing PA as women move into full adulthood. The Health Promotion Model (HPM) advanced by Pender provided the framework for examining beliefs about PA and other correlates of PA. This study also developed and tested a scale measuring beliefs about PA (BPA) that tried to access cultural differences between non-Hispanic and Hispanic women. The study was carried out by electronic solicitation to randomly selected non-Hispanic and Hispanic students from 3 southwestern universities and yielded 237 complete online surveys. Instruments comprising the survey included the Short-version of the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS), Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE), Social Support for Exercise Survey for Family and Friends (SSFA, SSFR), BPA, the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA II), and questions about SES. Statistical procedures included factor analysis, t-tests, and multi-sample path analysis. Respondents included 80 non-Hispanic and 157 Hispanic women, aged 18-27. Factor analysis of the BPA produced 7 subscales accounting for 68% of the explained variance (spirituality, role enhancement, socialization preferences, personal benefits, cultural beliefs, exercise difficulty, and women’s roles). Independent sample t-tests indicated group means for spirituality and cultural beliefs significantly differed, as did total BPA, acculturation, & SES. Path analysis provided evidence for a model with good fit for both groups. Significant path coefficients to vigorous PA included benefits, SE, and SSFA. Total indirect effects for SES to vigorous PA through SE and SSFA were significant. Acculturation, SES, SSFR, and BPA were not significant predictors of vigorous PA.text
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Pennington, Carolyn R. "Children's beliefs as a determinant of physical activity." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Chana, R., and Melanie Haith-Cooper. "Diet and physical activity in pregnancy: a study exploring women's beliefs and behaviours." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17041.
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YesBeing obese or gaining excessive weight during pregnancy can increase health risks for mother and baby. Adopting a healthy diet and increasing physical activity reduces these risks and has long-term health benefits for women. Despite this, women do not always maintain a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. Aim To explore the factors that encouraged and prevented a diverse group of women to maintain a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. Methods A total of 12 women participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews, underpinned by the theory of planned behaviour. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim then subject to deductive thematic analysis. Findings Four themes emerged: women's knowledge of a healthy lifestyle, sociocultural influences, physical health and health professional support. These influenced women's intentions and actual behaviours during pregnancy. Conclusions Enhanced health professional advice may motivate women to adopt a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. This could be through new means such as health technology.
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Tsoi, Mai Yin. "Digital divide and science divide computer activity differentiation and teacher beliefs about tracked secondary science students /." 2004. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/tsoi%5Fmai%5Fyin%5F200405%5Fphd.
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Lee, Bomjin. "Parental values and concerns about participation in physical activity by persons with intellectual disabilities." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-200). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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CHANG, FENG-CHU, and 張鳳菊. "A Study of Parents’ Physical Activity Beliefs, Young Children’s Lifestyle and Health Status in Taiwan and Japan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40096629083641628729.
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博士國立體育大學
體育研究所
105
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare current parents’ physical activity beliefs, young children lifestyle and health status in Taiwan and Japan, as well as to analyze the correlations between parents’ physical activity beliefs, young children’s physical activity styles, and children’s health status. The research participants were the parents of Taiwanese and Japanese preschool children. Systematic random sampling and purposive sampling were respectively conducted to seek participants in Taiwanese and Japanese preschools. The research tools in this study were the self-compiled “Parents’ Physical Activity Beliefs Scale” and “Children’s Lifestyle Questionnaire” created by Dr. Akira Maehashi, from Waseda University in Japan. After the questionnaire’s pretesting, formal surveys were conducted, and a total of 3540 valid paired samples were collected from Taiwan and 2910 valid paired samples were collected from Japan. The collected data then underwent statistical analysis; researchers applied Chi-square test, independent-sample t-test, one-way multivariate analysis of variance, and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows: 1) Taiwanese parents scored significantly higher than Japanese parents in the questionnaire surveys in relation to their overall physical activity beliefs. 2) The trend of having “less breakfast, more snacks and more supper” among Taiwanese young children has resulted in Taiwanese children being less healthy than young Japanese children. 3) The sleep patterns of young Taiwanese children can be categorized as “staying up late, waking up late, and getting insufficient sleep,” which is less healthy than the sleep patterns of young Japanese children. 4) After school, Taiwanese children have more play time, both in the home and outdoors, compared to their Japanese counterparts; both Taiwanese and Japanese children spend the majority of their free time playing sports and games, both in the home and in a park. 5) Although young Taiwanese children were found to spend less time watching television than Japanese children, young children in both countries still generally spent more than two hours a day (the recommended daily allowance) watching television. 6) The percentage of Taiwanese children defecating in the morning was lower, and their defecation occurred later in the day, compared to Japanese children. 7) The percentage of overweight and obese young children was higher in Taiwan than in Japan. 8) Parents’ physical activity beliefs were found to correlate to young children’s physical activity styles in both countries. Another significant finding was that the more importance parents’ placed on physical activity, the more parent-child playtime occurred. In addition, the more importance Japanese parents placed on physical activity, the less time young children spent watching television. Although Taiwanese parents scored higher on the physical activity beliefs questionnaires than Japanese parents, Taiwanese children were found to have less healthy lifestyles than young Japanese children, and the percentage of overweight and obese young children was higher in Taiwan than in Japan. Thus, this study suggests that the Taiwanese government, as well as early childhood education departments, should reinforce parents’ physical activity beliefs and their concepts of healthy lifestyles in order to establish children’s healthy eating habits, appropriate sleeping schedules, and more time spent doing physical activities, sports, and games in order to improve physical and mental health.
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Wallace, Karuguti M. "Medical doctors physical activity patterns and their advice about chronic diseases of lifestyle risk reduction in Tanzania." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3440.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)Chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) are on a raising trend in the world regardless of age,economic class or geographical location of a population. The mortality rate associated with CDL is alarmingly among the highest globally. Tanzania is not exempted from this development.Literature indicates that physical activity is a health practice that can prevent CDL. It is recommended that medical practitioners should hold the responsibility of counselling patients on physical activity. Some studies outside Africa found an association between doctors’ physical activity patterns and their counselling practices on the same. This study therefore sought to establish whether physical inactivity among medical doctors in Tanzania significantly influenced their counselling practices on physical activity. A cross sectional quantitative survey at the Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute was conducted to derive the required information. A self administered structured questionnaire was voluntarily answered by 144 medical doctors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used for data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data and was expressed as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The students’t-test was used to compare mean physical activity between different groups. Furthermore students’t-test and analysis of variance tests were used to examine association between different variables. Chisquare tests were used to test for associations between categorical variables. Alpha level was set at p< 0.05. Most of the participants in this study were sedentary in their leisure time and only active at work. When their quality of physical activity counselling was assessed, the majority of them were found to be poor physical activity counsellors. A significant association was found between physical activity and age, as well as physical activity and counselling practice (p<0.05).Participants mostly informed their patients about the intensity and duration of exercising more than any other idea of physical activity such as types of exercises, issuing of a written prescription and planning for a follow up. Lack of knowledge and experience about details of physical activity were reasons offered for failure to counsel. Participants also reported the inconvenience of physical activity facility’s schedules, fatigue and tiredness to be their barriers to physical activity participation. Doctors in Tanzania lacked personal initiative to participate in physical activity and consequently lacked the motivation to counsel. Measures around enhancing this health practice should be enhanced by all stakeholders including medical doctors,physiotherapists and patients. The need for short term and long term training in matters related to physical activity are therefore necessary among the practicing doctors and those undergoing training in medical schools. Physiotherapists who are trained in movement science can offer valuable advice/information to medical doctors to ensure that medical doctors acquire physical activity prescription and counselling knowledge. Collaboration between stakeholders in campaigning against sedentary lifestyles should be enhanced. Further reasons for failure to counsel, hindrances to physical activity participation and modern approaches to counselling should be explored.
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Yu, Wei-Li, and 尤為立. "The Investigation of Expectancy-Value Related Beliefs, Motivation in Physical Education, and Intention for Future Physical Activity Participation Among Junior High School Students in ChiaYi County." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16596378818505206098.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立體育學院
教練研究所
93
Abstract The purpose of this study was four-fold. First, to examine the age and gender differences on expectancy-value related beliefs and motivation in physical education; second, to examine the relationships between expectancy-value related beliefs and motivation in physical education; third, to examine the prediction of expectancy-value related beliefs on motivation in physical education and Intention for future physical activity participation; fourth, to examine the prediction of motivation in physical education on Intention for future physical activity participation. Participants were 876 7th and 9th grade students recruited from 12 junior high schools in Chia Yi County. The average age of participants was 14.31 ± 1.12 years. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess their expectancy-value related beliefs, motivation in physical education and Intention for future physical activity participation. The results of this study indicated that: (1) In terms of the differences of expectancy belief; males reported higher expectancy/ability-related perception than females. 7th grade students reported higher required effort than 9th grade students. In terms of the differences of value beliefs, females reported higher psychological cost of failure and cost of others’ expectation than males; 7th grade students reported higher task value than 9th grade students; males reported higher task value females. In terms of the differences of motivation in physical education, male students revealed higher intrinsic motivation than female students. (2) with respective to the relationships between expectancy-value related beliefs and motivation in physical education, expectancy/ability-related perception was positively related to task value, intrinsic motivation and introjected regulation and negatively related to psychological cost of failure and cost of others’ expectation and amotivation. Cost of others’ expectation was positively associated with amotivation and negatively associated with task value, intrinsic motivation, and introjected regulation. In addition, task value was positively related to intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation, and external regulation and negatively related to amotivation. (3) In terms of the prediction of expectancy-value related beliefs on motivation in physical education and intention for future physical activity participation, intrinsic motivation was positively predicted by task value, expectancy/ability-related perception、required effort and negatively predicted by cost of others’ expectation. Introjected regulation was predicted by task value, expectancy/ability-related perception, psychological cost of failure. External regulation was predicted by psychological cost of failure, task value. Amotivation was negatively predicted by task value, expectancy/ability-related perception. In addition, Intention for future physical activity participation was predicted by task value, expectancy/ ability-related perception. (4) Intention for future physical activity participation was significantly predicted by intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation, and external regulation. Based on the results of this study, implications and applications are proposed.
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Lamming, Laura, S. Pears, Dan Mason, K. Morton, M. Bijker, S. Sutton, and W. Hardeman. "What do we know about brief interventions for physical activity that could be delivered in primary care consultations? A systematic review of reviews." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/11621.
Full textAbstract:
yesThis systematic review of reviews aims to investigate how brief interventions (BIs) are defined, whether they increase physical activity, which factors influence their effectiveness, who they are effective for, and whether they are feasible and acceptable. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, DARE, HTA database, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index, and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network from their inception until May 2015 to identify systematic reviews of the effectiveness of BIs aimed at promoting physical activity in adults, reporting a physical activity outcome and at least one BI that could be delivered in a primary care setting. A narrative synthesis was conducted. We identified three specific BI reviews and thirteen general reviews of physical activity interventions that met the inclusion criteria. The BI reviews reported varying definitions of BIs, only one of which specified a maximum duration of 30 min. BIs can increase self-reported physical activity in the short term, but there is insufficient evidence about their long-term impact, their impact on objectively measured physical activity, and about the factors that influence their effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability. Current definitions include BIs that are too long for primary care consultations. Practitioners, commissioners and policy makers should be aware of this when interpreting evidence about BIs, and future research should develop and evaluate very brief interventions (of 5 min or less) that could be delivered in a primary care consultation.
Citation sent on from Donna. Emailed Laura Lamming for final draft 16/03/2017 -sm
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Horne, Maria, D. A. Skelton, S. Speed, and C. Todd. "Falls prevention and the value of exercise: salient beliefs among South Asian and White British older adults." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7374.
Full textAbstract:
noThe importance of increasing exercise to prevent falls among older adults remains a key worldwide public health priority. However, older adults do not necessarily take up exercise as a preventative measure for falls. This qualitative study aimed to explore the beliefs of community-dwelling South Asian and White British older adults aged 60 to 70 about falls and exercise for fall prevention through 15 focus groups (n = 87) and 40 in-depth interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a framework approach. Data analysis identified six salient beliefs that influenced older adults’ intention to exercise for fall prevention. In general, older adults aged 60 to 70 did not acknowledge their risk of falling and were not motivated to exercise simply to help prevent falls. Positive beliefs were found to be an unlikely barrier to taking up exercise for fall prevention for those who had experienced a fall. The implications for health promotion and health professionals with this group of older adults are discussed.
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Emadirad, Elnaz. "Psychological factors as mediators of the relationship between motor skills and physical activity in children." Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8939.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between motor skills proficiency and participation in physical activity considering three mediators (ability beliefs, subjective task value, and expectancy of success) among Grade 3 children and considers those relationships in terms of sex-based differences.
The participants in this study were recruited from eight elementary schools from School District 61 in Victoria, British Columbia. Participants were 398 children (Girls: n = 201, Boys: n = 197). Motor skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), physical activity participation was measured using the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE), and ability beliefs, subjective task value, and expectancy of success were measured using the Expectancy Value Questionnaire (EVQ).
Descriptive statistics showed that participation in physical activities was low with a mean score of 3.7 on a scale of 14. Percent of maximum (POMP) scores of the psychological variables were in the middle of the range of possible scores; specifically: 68.7%, 74.8%, and 72.7% for children’s ability beliefs, task value, and expectancy of success, respectively. A MANCOVA revealed a main effect of sex (F (7, 389) = 29.684, p < .001; Wilks’ Lambda = 0.652) between boys and girls in terms of their ability beliefs, expectancy of success, subjective task value, motor skills proficiency. A second MANCOVA examining the effect of sex on total raw scores of motor skills and physical activity also revealed a main effect of sex (F (2, 394) = 11.130, p < .001; Wilks’ Lambda = 0.947). Separate parallel multiple mediator models were created for both boys and girls. The mediator model for boys revealed an overall significant effect of .044 (p < .001). The mediator model for girls revealed an overall significant effect of .031 (p < .05). The mediation model for boys showed that the psychological variables in this study did not mediate the relationship between motor skills and physical activity participation. Instead, boys’ motor skills directly predicted their participation in physical activity. The girls’ mediation model showed mediation between motor skills and physical activity with subjective task value as the mediator. Girls’ motor skills did not have a direct relationship with their participation in physical activities.
Future research might: (1) include gender as a mediating factor in future mediation models, (2) explore mediation models with locomotor skills and object control skills as independent variables, and (3) explore the role of social and environmental factors such as the influence of parents, teachers, peers, culture, and society on children’s participation in physical activity.Graduate
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Oliveira, Ana Paula Palongan de. "Giving voice to people with the dementia and their carers about a home-based physical activity programme: a qualitative study." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/31559.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The promotion of home-based physical activity
programmes seems to be an opportunity to offer a personalised
intervention to maintain the independence of people with dementia
(PwD) for longer. Although promising results of these interventions in
the physical health of PwD are known, adherence to physical activity
has been a challenge and the opinions of PwD and their informal
carers are often overlooked. Listening to PwD and their carers is
essential to identify barriers, motivators/facilitators, to physical
activity. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived barriers,
motivators/facilitators and impacts of participation in a home-based
physical activity programme for PwD (LiFE4D) from the perspective
of PwD and their informal carers.
Methods: Short semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15
people with dementia (n=9; 60% women, 82 [75-84] years old,
Addenbrooke´s Cognitive Examination - III total score 50.4 [22-72]
points) and 9 carers (n=7, 77.8 % women, 72 [60-76] years, 3 [2-4.5]
years providing care). Deductive thematic analysis was performed
using the Web Qualitative Data Analysis software.
Results: 44 subthemes were identified. The sub-themes were
divided into 4 themes: barriers, motivators/facilitators, impacts of the
programme and other subthemes. PwD identified 25 subthemes and
carers identified 19 subthemes. Participants perceived more
motivators/facilitators than barriers to participate in LiFE4D; the
subthemes reported in common were easy exercises and
professional support from motivators/facilitators; and tiredness and
lack of time at the barriers. Only positive impacts of participation in
LiFE4D were perceived by PwD and their carers.
Conclusions: Participants perceived more motivators/facilitators
than barriers of participating in LiFE4D. The individualised personcentred approach, and the carers involvement facilitated adherence
to the programme. Difficulties such as tiredness, physical health
problems and lack of time were seen as main barriers. Although
there are some subthemes in common, there were barriers,
motivators/facilitators barriers and impacts that differed between
PwD and their carers. Such differences must be explored in order to
improve physical activity interventions directed at this audience.Introdução: A promoção de programas domiciliários de atividade física parece ser uma oportunidade de oferecer uma intervenção personalizada para manter a independência das pessoas com demência (PcD) por mais tempo. Embora resultados promissores destas intervenções na saúde física das PcD sejam conhecidos, a adesão à atividade física tem constituído um desafio e as opiniões das PcD e dos seus cuidadores informais são frequentemente negligenciadas. Ouvir as PcD e seus cuidadores é fundamental para identificar motivadores/facilitadores e barreiras à atividade física. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar os motivadores/facilitadores, barreiras e impactos percebidos da participação num programa domiciliário de atividade física para PcD (LiFE4D) na perspetiva da PcD e seus cuidadores informais. Método: Foram conduzidas entrevistas curtas semiestruturadas com 15 pessoas com demência (n=9; 60% mulheres, 82 [75-84] anos, Addenbrooke´s Cognitive Examination III pontuação total 50,4 [22-72] pontos) e 9 cuidadores (n= 7; 77,8% mulheres, 72 [60-76] anos, 3 [2- 4,5] anos a prestar cuidados). Realizou-se uma análise temática dedutiva com recurso ao software Web Qualitative Data Analysis. Resultados: Foram identificados 44 subtemas. Os subtemas foram divididos em 4 temas: barreiras, motivadores/facilitadores, impacto do programa e outros. As PcD identificaram 25 subtemas e os cuidadores identificaram 19 subtemas. Os participantes percecionaram mais motivadores/facilitadores do que barreiras para participar no LiFE4D; os subtemas reportados em comum foram exercícios fáceis e suporte profissional nos motivadores/facilitadores; e cansaço e falta de tempo nas barreiras. Apenas foram percecionados impactos positivos da participação no LiFE4D pelas PcD e seus cuidadores. Conclusão: Os participantes percecionaram mais motivadores/facilitadores do que barreiras para participar no LiFE4D. A abordagem individualizada centrada na pessoa e o envolvimento dos cuidadores facilitaram a adesão ao programa. Dificuldades como cansaço, problemas de saúde física e falta de tempo foram apontadas como principais barreiras. Embora existam alguns subtemas em comum, havia barreiras, motivadores/facilitadores e impactos que diferiam entre PcD e seus cuidadores. Tais diferenças devem ser exploradas a fim de melhorar as intervenções de atividade física direcionadas a esse público.
Mestrado em Gerontologia Aplicada
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Singh, Suresh Kamar. "Exploring teacher's beliefs about the nature of science and their relationship to classroom practices : a case study with special reference to physical science teachers in the Empangeni / Richards Bay area." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3233.
Full textAbstract:
This research explored the complex issue of the nature of science. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teachers 's beliefs about the nature of science and their classroom practices. Limited literature exists on the nature of science in South Africa. However, findings from the study concurs with the abundant international literature on the nature of science. This research has shown that textbooks, the curriculum, and teacher training are three of the primary factors that shape teachers ' beliefs about the nature of science. The under-emphasis of the nature of science in textbooks, the curriculum and in teaching training contributes to the misrepresentation of the nature of science by teachers in their classroom practices. This research was conducted as a case study using quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection such as questionnaires, interviews, and classroom
observations. Findings from the study have shown that teachers' instructional strategies are consistent with their personal educational philosophies, that is, teachers' teach science according to a belief system. For teachers operating in the
analytical paradigm, the products of science such as the laws and theories were emphasized in their teaching and lessons were teacher dominated. Teachers operating in the hermeneutic and critical paradigms present science as dynamic and changing
and they emphasized the products and processes of science with the teacher acting as a facilitator. Recommendations from the research include the development of new textbooks, curricula, teaching techniques and approaches to science. The research also calls for the inclusion of history and philosophy of science in the science curriculum.Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1998.