Relevant bibliographies by topics / Beliefs about physical activity

Academic literature on the topic 'Beliefs about physical activity'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Beliefs about physical activity"

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Conn, Vicki S. "Older Women's Beliefs About Physical Activity." Public Health Nursing 15, no. 5 (October 1998): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.1998.tb00362.x.

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Watkins, Bruce. "Youth beliefs about health and physical activity." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 13, no. 2 (April 1992): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(92)90032-d.

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Beedie, Christopher J. "Placebo effects of beliefs about physical activity levels." Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 4, no. 1 (February 2008): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2008.4.1.52.

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Trinh, Linda, Ryan E. Rhodes, and Shon M. Ryan. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BELIEF-BASED TARGETS FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.1.77.

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This Study elicited salient Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) beliefs about physical activity among adolescents (Study 1) and then used these beliefs to evaluate gender differences in intention and behavior (Study 2). Study 1 was conducted with a sample (N = 25) of Canadian adolescents, followed by Study 2 (N = 157) where participants completed measures of intention, behavioral, normative, and control beliefs and a one-month follow-up of physical activity behavior. For belief-behavior relationships, boys had larger correlations for control beliefs about schoolwork, other plans, and weather, compared to girls who reported larger correlations for norms from friends (p < .05). Belief-behavior correlation differences by gender were identified that may signal important tailoring in physical activity interventions for adolescents.
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Solmon, Melinda A., Amelia M. Lee, Donald Belcher, Louis Harrison, and Lori Wells. "Beliefs about Gender Appropriateness, Ability, and Competence in Physical Activity." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 22, no. 3 (April 2003): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.22.3.261.

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Beliefs about gender appropriateness and conceptions of ability have been identified as powerful influences on beliefs about competence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of those two factors on competence beliefs in physical activity. Participants completed a survey about the sport of hockey, watched a video of a specific hockey skill, and then responded to questions about the skill. Males expressed more confidence in their ability to learn hockey than females, but females who perceived the activity to be gender neutral were more confident in their ability to learn hockey than females who believed the activity was predominantly for males. Participants’ explanations of their beliefs about gender appropriateness and confidence shed light on how competence beliefs are affected by perceptions of gender appropriateness and conceptions of ability.
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Alemu, Brook T., Kristy L. Carlisle, and Sara N. Abate. "First-generation Ethiopian immigrants and beliefs about physical activity." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 17, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2019-0024.

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Purpose While several studies have examined the attitudes, perceptions and beliefs of physical activity in different immigrant groups, little is known in this area among the first-generation Ethiopian immigrant population who lives in the USA. The purpose of this paper is to explore the behavioral, normative and control beliefs of physical activity among first-generation Ethiopian immigrants living in the DC-Metro area. Design/methodology/approach The study used semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and unobtrusive observation. Three structural themes and six textural themes were identified from the three forms of data collections. Qualitative data analysis including topics, categories and pattern analysis were conducted using phenomenological techniques. Findings Findings highlighted similarities to the theory of planned behavior with regard to attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Consistent with the literature, several salient behavioral determinants of physical activity that could affect participants’ decision-making were identified in the current pilot study. Increased longevity, mental well-being, improved sleep and improved metabolism were listed as the most common benefits of physical activity. Lack of time, family responsibility, neighborhood safety, location of the gym, lack of awareness and social and economic stressors were the major barriers to engage in physical activity. Implications for service providers and future research are discussed. Practical implications This study supported the need for future research into the social aspects of physical activity, as well as barriers to physical activity, including time, family responsibility, culture, income and neighborhood safety. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study exploring the behavioral, normative and control beliefs of physical activity among first-generation Ethiopian immigrants. To understand the beliefs, desires and barriers to physical activity in this population subgroup, the authors examined the behavioral, normative and control beliefs of regular moderate-intensity physical activity using the theory of planned behavior as a conceptual framework. As health education researchers, it is their responsibility to develop theory-driven policies and interventions to promote a healthy lifestyle among these underserved populations.
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Evenson, Kelly R., and Chyrise B. Bradley. "Beliefs about exercise and physical activity among pregnant women." Patient Education and Counseling 79, no. 1 (April 2010): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.028.

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Scott, Emma J., Frank F. Eves, Roberta Hoppé, and David P. French. "Accessibility of salient beliefs about the outcomes of physical activity." British Journal of Health Psychology 14, no. 1 (February 2009): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135910708x327608.

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Dempsey, Jill M., Jay C. Kimiecik, and Thelma S. Horn. "Parental Influence on Children’s Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Participation: An Expectancy-Value Approach." Pediatric Exercise Science 5, no. 2 (May 1993): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.5.2.151.

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This investigation examined parental influence on children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) participation via an expectancy-value model that included parents’ behavior, parents’ beliefs about their children’s MVPA, and children’s beliefs about their MVPA. The influence of parents on their children’s MVPA was investigated via questionnaires tapping the belief systems of fourth- and fifth-grade children (n=71) and their parents (n=69). Self-reported MVPA was assessed for parents and children. Correlational analyses demonstrated a number of significant relationships between parents’ belief systems and children’s MVPA behavior and children’s belief systems and their physical activity participation. Based on hierarchical regression analyses, there was no evidence of a positive relationship between parents’ physical activity behavior (role modeling) and children’s physical activity behavior. Parents’ perceptions of their children’s MVPA competence was the only parent belief system variable related to children’s MVPA participation. In addition, children’s task orientation and expectancies significantly predicted their MVPA participation.
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Columna, Luis, Denzil A. Streete, Samuel R. Hodge, Suzanna Rocco Dillon, Beth Myers, Michael L. Norris, Tiago V. Barreira, and Kevin S. Heffernan. "Parents’ Beliefs About Physical Activity for Their Children With Visual Impairments." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 35, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2017-0084.

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Despite having the desire to become physically active as a family, parents of children with visual impairments often lack the skills and resources needed to provide appropriate physical activities (PAs) for their children. The purpose of this study was to explore the intentions of parents of children with visual impairments toward including their children in PAs after participating in a PA program. In this descriptive qualitative study, the participants were 10 parents of children with visual impairments. A series of workshops were designed to provide parents with the skills and resources needed to promote PA for their family. Upon completion of the workshops, parents took part in one-on-one semistructured interviews that were subsequently transcribed and analyzed using a thematic line-by-line process. Two interdependent themes emerged from the data analyses: (a) eye-opening experiences and (b) transformed, more hopeful, and optimistic outlook. The results revealed that through the PA intervention, parents learned teaching strategies that were intended to increase their PA opportunities and garnered resources that allowed them to teach their children to participate in PA.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Beliefs about physical activity"

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Kim, Mijoo. "Korean Physical Education Teachers' and Female Students' Beliefs about Girls' Physical Activity Participation." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586778263891691.

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Horne, Maria. "Beliefs and attitutes about physical activity : an ethnographic study of older Caucasians and South Asians." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:200336.

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Increasing levels of physical activity in older adults and fall prevention are key concerns of current UK health policy. Regular physical activity has many positive benefits for older adults, for example in fall prevention. However, sedentary behaviour among older adults is common. Forty per cent of over 50s in the UK report less physical activity than is considered necessary to maintain good health. Sedentary behaviour is even more common in South Asian older people in the UK. The aim of this research was to investigate the attitudes and beliefs that drive or hinder uptake and adherence of physical activity, in general and in relation to fall prevention, among 60-70 year old Caucasian and South Asian community dwellers. An ethnographic method was chosen as the research approach as it provided the framework for facilitating the incorporation of multiple voices. Two main geographical areas were chosen to conduct the study and included eight sites of study. Data collection used multiple methods (participant observation, focus groups and semi-structured interviews). In total 60 hours of participant observation, 15 focus group discussions (n = 87; mean age = 65.74 years) and 40 semi-structured interviews (mean age = 64.83 yrs) were conducted. Data analysis and classification followed a framework approach, comparing and contrasting themes within and across groups. Findings demonstrate that older people do not recognise falls as a risk and are not motivated to perform physical activity on a regular basis purely to help prevent falls. Social support and social benefits of physical activity appear to be key motivators to initiating and maintaining physical activity. Enjoyment, increased self-confidence and developing social networks seem to be important motivators in terms of adherence. Health, although a good motivator for the initiation of physical activity, appears to be a secondary motivator in terms of adherence. Barriers to physical activity include perceived and actual poor physical health, lack of social support, specificity of physical activity messages by health professionals as well as lack of motivation, low mood, fear of harm and domestic and carer issues. These findings suggest that older adults should be assessed individually, to address physical symptoms and possible low mood, and not according to age. The importance of exercise, even in the presence of physical illness needs to be explained. There is a need to promote confidence in older people’s ability to perform an activity, as this appears to be essential in continuing with exercise. Activities that take a ‘one size fits all’ approach, serve as a de-motivating force. Variety in exercise and physical activity is important to maintain motivation in the long-term.
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Akhidenor, Cenora Kimberly. "Health-Related Beliefs Among Low-Income African American Women and Their Perceptions About Obesity." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/565.

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The aim of this study was to explore the health-related beliefs and perceptions of low-income African American women regarding obesity. Phenomenology served as the conceptual framework for this study. African American women, especially those in low-income brackets, have been shown to weigh more than women of other racial/ethnic groups. The consequences of these high rates are increased risks of developing chronic health disorders, such as type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study sample consisted of 7 low-income obese African American women, ranging in age from 20 to 62, who resided in the Pacific Northwest. Recruitment for participation occurred via flyers, which were advertised in hair salons, churches, and community health clinics where African American women frequented. The women participated in audio-taped interviews, which were then transcribed and thematically analyzed. Findings showed that these 7 African American women had poor exercise and dietary behaviors that led to increased health risks. This study uncovered culturally-based traditions and provided insight into how these traditions may have influenced unhealthy behaviors. Educational health topics can be developed to include ways to more effectively address healthy behaviors for these women and how these women can play and more active role in decreasing excessive weight. This research may contribute to the literature by providing more awareness into this growing social and health problem among this vulnerable population. This study has implications for positive social change by increasing greater understanding into the complex reasons for obesity among low-income African American women.
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Van, Wasshenova Emily. "Experiential Attitudes about Physical Activity in Older Adults." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525445315290475.

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Quicke, Jonathan. "Attitudes, beliefs and physical activity in older adults with knee pain." Thesis, Keele University, 2016. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2390/.

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Knee pain in older adults is common and often disabling, with the majority of knee pain in adults over the age of 45 being attributed to osteoarthritis (OA). Regular physical activity and exercise are recommended for all older adults with knee pain and are associated with reduced pain and improved function. However, physical activity levels are low in this population and there is uncertainty regarding its long-term safety, whether change in physical activity level is associated with future pain and function, and the relationship between attitudes and beliefs about physical activity and physical activity level. This thesis addressed these research questions. A systematic review of safety outcomes from 49 published studies found exercise was safe for the majority of older adults with knee pain, although most evidence related to low impact, moderate cardiovascular intensity exercise. Secondary data analysis of an exercise randomised controlled trial for older adults with knee pain (n=514) did not find an association between change in physical activity level between baseline and three months and clinical outcome at either three or six months. Secondary cross-sectional data analysis, using baseline data from the same trial and a community survey of older adults with knee pain (n=611), found that a number of scales measuring attitudes and beliefs about physical activity were associated with physical activity level in multivariable models. Positive outcome expectations, self-efficacy for exercise, kinesiophobia and a composite scale measuring physical activity attitude themes were associated with physical activity level. Further longitudinal analysis from the trial showed that positive outcome expectations and self-efficacy for exercise remained associated with future physical activity level at three and six months within multivariable models whilst negative outcome expectations were not. The original thesis findings have contributed to a better understanding of attitudes, beliefs and physical activity in older adults with knee pain.
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Skrutkowski, Myriam. "Uncertainty in cancer survivors : physical factors, beliefs about control, and psychological well-being." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0022/MQ50882.pdf.

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Wilson, Alexandra Harris. "The role of relational efficacy beliefs on adolescent's leisure time physical activity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43698.

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Parents are critical social determinants of the health-related behaviours of adolescents. The foundation that parents provide for a healthy lifestyle is particularly important as those lifestyle choices (e.g., physical activity) become under self-regulatory control during adolescence. The overall purpose of this study was to apply the tripartite model of relational efficacy (Lent & Lopez, 2002) to better understand the extent to which adolescents’ (aged 11-13) perceptions of the family environment predict adolescent leisure time physical activity. Specifically, this study examined how adolescents’ confidence in their parents’ (other-efficacy), adolescents estimation of their parents’ confidence in them (relation-inferred self-efficacy), and adolescents outcome expectations associated with physical activity involvement predict their subsequent involvement in physical activity during their leisure time. Four hundred and two grade 7 students from the Lower Mainland of British Columbia completed a questionnaire at two time points (April and June 2012) to assess the above variables. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between adolescents’ relational efficacy beliefs towards their parents with leisure time physical activity among adolescents. Structural equation modeling was used to examine model fit to test the different study hypotheses. Results revealed a just identified model that demonstrated that adolescents’ confidence in their fathers’ ability to help them be active was predictive of leisure time physical activity. The results from this research provide greater insights into the predictive effects of parents in relation to young adolescents at a time when physical activity becomes increasingly under voluntary control.
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Crawford, Rebecca Susan. "Health Beliefs Related to Physical Activity in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311469.

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Low levels of physical activity (PA) are a significant predictor of early death among recipients of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Regular, moderate PA is associated with improved quality of life (QOL), reduced arrhythmia burden, and improved health outcomes in ICD recipients yet many do not engage in PA and the reasons for lack of engagement are unclear. The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to examine health beliefs related to PA and QOL in adults living with ICDs. The Health Belief Model provided the theoretical framework for this study. A convenience sample of 107 adult, ICD recipients (26 females and 81 males) were recruited from five cardiology clinic settings within the same private practice. Seventy-seven percent completed the study tasks (N=81). Subjects completed a Demographic Data Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Expectations after ICD Scale, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Health Belief Questionnaire, Incidental and Planned Exercise Questionnaire and Quality of Life Medical Outcomes Survey-SF36®. Clinical data was collected from the medical record. Mean age of the subjects was 70.23 yrs. ± 11.76 yrs. The majority were male (71.6 percent) and 77.8 percent were White, non-Hispanic. Most were insured by Medicare (79 percent), were retired (50 percent) and reported incomes less than 20,000 dollars/year (39 percent). Over 98 percent were diagnosed with heart failure and almost 40 percent reported their physical activity had decreased since having an ICD implanted. There were no differences in health beliefs and QOL scores between subjects who had an ICD as a primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Predictors of PA participation in this population were Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) beliefs, Self-Efficacy ICD (SEICD) beliefs, age and NYHA Class. Almost 33 percent of variance in PA participation can be explained by SEE (b = 2.407, β = .390, t = 3.911, p<.01); SEICD (b =2.304, β = .215, t = 2.149, p<.05); age (b = -.394, β = -.234, t =-2.277, p<.05); and NYHA Class (b = -6.373, β =-.198, t = -1.998, p =<.05). Findings indicate the strength of self-confidence in influencing healthy behavior. Findings support the need for more research in identifying barriers and predictors of PA participation in adult, ICD recipients.
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Zhang, Ni. "Viral buzz on social network sites about physical activity : fad or fabulous?" Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1942.

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While there is a growing trend to use social media for public health promotion, research on its actual potential to influence health behaviors is limited. This dissertation explores whether and how social network sites (SNSs) can be used to promote physical activity (PA) through electronic word of mouth (eWOM). Composed of two studies, this dissertation explores PA-related eWOM from both the senders' and receivers' perspectives, and examines actual messages. The first study uses a web survey and explores the antecedents and communication consequences of eWOM about leisure-time PA (LTPA), and the behavioral consequences of eWOM among college students. The second study is based on a content analysis of public Twitter posts in the U.S. in 2011 regarding PA. Based on Sun et al.'s (2006) Path Model of Antecedents and Consequences of Online Word of Mouth, it was found that undergraduate SNS users with higher affective involvement and stronger social ties with their SNS contacts were more likely to provide opinions or information about PA. People with stronger social ties were also more likely to seek opinions or information. Both opinion leadership and opinion seeking were associated with forwarding and chatting. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior, the first study also found social support of PA via eWOM on SNSs is associated with both affective and instrumental attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC), while social negativity of PA via eWOM on SNSs is associated with instrumental attitudes and PBC. Affective attitude, instrumental attitude, and PBC, in turn, predict intention to participate in LTPA. Moreover, when putting all these different constructs together to predict intention, social support via eWOM was found to indirectly influence the intention to participate in LTPA through the constructs in the Theory of Planned Behavior (including affective and instrumental attitudes and perceived behavioral control). Applying the components of both the Path Model of Antecedents and Consequences of Online Word of Mouth and the Social Cognitive Theory, the second study examined Twitter posts of PA-related eWOM. PA modeling dominated the different aspects of social influence. Most people chat rather than forward information, and provide rather than seek opinions and information about PA. PA type is associated with PA modeling in multiple ways. People with more followers are more likely to forward information about PA. This dissertation widens and deepens the understanding of PA-related eWOM on SNSs by the application of theoretical frameworks from both marketing and health behavior fields. The results suggest that people who find PA interesting and fun, perceive themselves as close to their contacts on SNSs, and have larger social network on SNSs can be recruited as opinion leaders in future interventions to promote PA. These opinion leaders can provide PA modeling and social support though SNSs which will increase their contacts' positive attitudes and PBC and consequently increase their intention to participate in PA.
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Norris, Michael L. "Exploring the Beliefs African American Parents and their Preschool Children Ascribe to Physical Activity." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376738484.

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Books on the topic "Beliefs about physical activity"

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Melpomene Institute for Women's Health Research., ed. The bodywise woman: Reliable information about physical activity and health. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1993.

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Elaine, Levenson, ed. Teaching children about physical science: Ideas and activities every teacher and parent can use. 2nd ed. New York: TAB Books, 1994.

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Diabetes information for teens: Health tips about managing diabetes and preventing related complications, including facts about insulin, glucose control, healthy eating, physical activity, and learning to live with diabetes. 2nd ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2011.

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Small, Eric. Kids & sports: Everything you and your child need to know about sports, physical activity, and good health : a doctor's guide for parents and coaches. New York: Newmarket Press, 2002.

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Adolescent health sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about adolescent growth and development, puberty, sexuality, reproductive health, and physical, emotional, social, and mental health concerns of teens and their parents, including facts about nutrition, physical activity, weight management, acne, allergies, cancer, diabetes, growth disorders, juvenile arthritis, infections, substance abuse, and more; along with information about adolescent safety concerns, youth violence, a glossary of related terms, and a directory of resources. 3rd ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2010.

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Heiner, Prof, Bielefeldt, Ghanea Nazila, Dr, and Wiener Michael, Dr. Part 1 Freedom of Religion or Belief, 1.3.6 Teaching and Disseminating Materials (Including Missionary Activity). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703983.003.0011.

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This chapter reviews the international standards providing for teaching and disseminating religious materials as well as concerning missionary activity. Articles 18 of the UDHR and ICCPR explicitly refer to the freedom to manifest one’s religion or belief in ‘teaching’, which is complemented in the subsequent article about the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. In addition, article 6 of the 1981 Declaration specifically guarantees freedom to write, issue, and disseminate relevant publications in these areas; to teach a religion or belief in places suitable for these purposes; and to establish and maintain communications with individuals and communities in matters of religion or belief at the national and international levels. While it is prohibited to use or threaten physical force or to coerce individuals in other ways, missionary activities should not be curtailed through vague concepts, such as ‘inducement’, ‘allurement’, or ‘unethical conversion’, which still exist in several national criminal law provisions against ‘proselytism’.
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Blanco, Margarita. THE RELATIONSHIP OF HEALTH BELIEFS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS. 1987.

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Research, Women's Health. The Bodywise Woman: Reliable Information About Physical Activity and Health. Prentice Hall Trade, 1990.

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Institute, Melpomene. The Bodywise Woman: Reliable Information About Physical Activity and Health. Human Kinetics Publishers, 1990.

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The Bodywise woman: Reliable information about physical activity and health. New York: Prentice Hall Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Beliefs about physical activity"

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Biddle, Stuart, and Nanette Mutrie. "Beliefs and Attitudes." In Psychology of Physical Activity and Exercise, 63–92. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1793-3_3.

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Kelly, Michael P., and Hugo Crombie. "Getting Evidence about Physical Activity into Practice: Inequalities in Health and their Reduction." In Sport and Physical Activity, 248–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06127-0_18.

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Lima, Camila Astolphi, Renato Barbosa dos Santos, and Monica Rodrigues Perracini. "Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Rehabilitation." In Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 189–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_14.

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AbstractEnhancing physical activity promotes positive health trajectories throughout the life course. Physical activity should be tailored and graded to suit older adults’ capacities and needs and can be combined with rehabilitation interventions to manage geriatric syndromes and disability. This chapter provides a summary of current evidence about the role of physical activity for older adults, emphasizing nutritional aspects. We also present strategies to help health-care professionals to enhance physical activity participation.
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Haegele, Justin A., and Wesley J. Wilson. "10 Things I Hate about ‘Inclusion' in Physical Education." In Reflexivity and Change in Adaptive Physical Activity, 21–33. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196747-4.

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Wright, Jan, and Alison Dewar. "On Pleasure and Pain: Women Speak Out About Physical Activity." In Researching Women and Sport, 80–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25317-3_6.

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Zillifro, Traci D., and Marybeth Miller. "Teaching Pre-service Early Childhood Educators About Health and Wellness Through Educational Movement." In Physical Activity and Health Promotion in the Early Years, 241–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76006-3_15.

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Wiltshire, Gareth, and Stephanie Merchant. "What Can We Learn About Nature, Physical Activity, and Health from parkrun?" In Nature and Health, 208–22. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003154419-15.

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Hervieux, Valérie, Claude Fernet, and Caroline Biron. "What do we really understand about the relationship between physical activity and burnout?" In Burnout While Working, 68–82. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003250531-5.

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Østergaard, Maria Kirstine. "How to Design an Activity That Influences Middle School Students’ Beliefs About Mathematics as a Discipline." In Theorizing and Measuring Affect in Mathematics Teaching and Learning, 101–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50526-4_10.

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Li, Runda, Yutong Wu, Wenxuan Zhanggu, Chihao Xu, Yuhan Gu, Shihan Yao, Hangxiao Li, et al. "The Study About the Emotional State and Physical Activity of Adolescents During the COVID-19 Epidemic." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 331–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82565-2_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Beliefs about physical activity"

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Xaba, Nomzamo, and Aviwe Sondlo. "USING A LEARNER-BASED ACTIVITY APPROACH IN DEVELOPING SCIENCE TEACHERS’ READINESS IN INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end077.

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"The South African science curriculum expects secondary school teachers to adjust their ways of teaching to include inquiry-based learning that endorses learner-based activities. The learner-based activities refer to the processes of learning by doing where learners are not passive, but are rather encouraged to actively participate in their own learning experiences. This paper is necessitated by the limited literature that exists within the South African context about inquiry-based learning, which reveals that the implementation of learner-based activities continues to be a challenge for many teachers, especially in rural schools. Hence, during the teacher training program, the Physical Science teachers were engaged in various learner-based practical activities which involved problem-solving, which is a crucial component of inquiry based learning. This paper therefore drew from the constructivist theory (Vygotsky,1975; Piaget,1980) as lens to answer the leading research question which asks: “To what extent are the science teachers demonstrating readiness of the use of inquiry-based learning in their classrooms after participating in the training program?”. Thus, a mixed method design was adopted where data was collected using as well as pre and post questionnaires to establish the Physical Sciences in-service teachers’ beliefs and experiences towards their readiness in implementing inquiry-based learning in their classrooms after the teacher development program in one of the education circuit in rural Kwa-Zulu Natal province, in South Africa. The findings of this study indicates that the in-service teachers in this district had an impactful experience which positively shifted their attitudes towards their readiness of the use of inquiry based learning when teaching Physical Sciences."
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Ahmed, Hanaa, Sana Elashie, and Lily O'Hara. "Evaluating the Impact of a brief Health at Every Size-Based activity on body positivity and internal weight-based oppression." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0188.

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Introduction: Internal weight-based oppression WBO is the internalized negative attitudes, values and beliefs people hold about body weight, and is associated with depression, anxiety, body image disturbance, disordered eating, avoidance of physical activity, and increased calorie consumption. Conversely, body positivity encompasses body acceptance, body appreciation, and body love, and adaptive approaches protective of health and wellbeing. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of the brief activity on body positivity and internal WBO in female students at Qatar University. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental pre-post evaluation design, with quantitative assessment of body positivity and internal weight-based oppression before a brief activity (pre), immediately afterwards (post), and 10 weeks later (follow up), and qualitative assessment at the 10-week follow up. Love your Body, a Health at Every Size-based activity, was developed and delivered by public health students as part of the Mental Health Festival. The 10- minute activity involved Yay scales, positive affirmation stickers, photography, postcards, and gratitude writing. Evaluation measures used were the Body Appreciation Scale 2 (BAS-2), Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (M-WBIS), Fat Attitudes Assessment Toolkit Size Acceptance (FAAT-SA) and Self Reflection (FAAT-SR) subscales, and an open-ended questionnaire. Results: A total of 35 female undergraduate students completed assessments at all time points. Self-reflection and body appreciation increased significantly after the activity. All measures showed a trend towards improvement from pre to post assessment, but a return to baseline or near baseline status after 10 weeks. Qualitative results suggested that improvements were sustained at follow up. Conclusion: The activity had a positive effect on participants’ body appreciation and self-reflection in the short term, but these improvements were not sustained over the longer term. The high number of missing responses compromised the potential to determine findings that are more robust.
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Nevvazhay, Igor D. "Einstein’s Beliefs about Physical Reality and Consciousness." In ALBERT EINSTEIN CENTURY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2399711.

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Jackson, Danielle Omara, and Katherine Ryker. "ELICITING STUDENT BELIEFS ABOUT TAKING A PHYSICAL GEOLOGY COURSE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-341122.

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Rae, A. J., M. Nicholson, J. A. McDermid, and R. D. Alexander. "Probative Blindness: How Safety Activity can fail to Update Beliefs about Safety." In 9th IET International Conference on System Safety and Cyber Security (2014). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.0967.

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Klassen, Toryn Q., Sheila A. McIlraith, and Hector J. Levesque. "Changing Beliefs about Domain Dynamics in the Situation Calculus." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/57.

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Agents change their beliefs about the plausibility of various aspects of domain dynamics -- effects of physical actions, results of sensing, and action preconditions -- as a consequence of their interactions with the world. In this paper we propose a way to conveniently represent domain dynamics in the situation calculus to support such belief change. Furthermore, we suggest patterns to follow when writing the axioms that describe the effects of actions, and prove how these patterns can control the extent to which observations change the agent's beliefs about action effects. We also discuss the relation of our work to the AGM postulates for belief revision. Finally, we show how beliefs about domain dynamics can be incorporated into a form of regression rewriting to support reasoning.
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Franco, Evelia. "Importance and Feasibility Beliefs about Need-Supportive Teaching Strategies: A Person-Centered Approach among Physical Education Teachers." In 3rd International Conference on Research in Education. ACAVENT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/3rd.icreconf.2021.03.168.

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Janssens, Thomas, Lieven Dupont, and Andreas Von Leupoldt. "Exercise fear-avoidance beliefs and self-reported physical activity in young adults with asthma and healthy controls." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2479.

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Balduccini, Marcello, Michael Gelfond, Enrico Pontelli, and Tran Cao Son. "An Answer Set Programming Framework for Reasoning about Agents' Beliefs and Truthfulness of Statements." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/8.

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The paper proposes a framework for capturing how an agent’s beliefs evolve over time in response to observations and for answering the question of whether statements made by a third party can be believed. The basic components of the framework are a formalism for reasoning about actions, changes, and observations and a formalism for default reasoning. The paper describes a concrete implementation that leverages answer set programming for determining the evolution of an agent's ``belief state'', based on observations, knowledge about the effects of actions, and a theory about how these influence an agent's beliefs. The beliefs are then used to assess whether statements made by a third party can be accepted as truthful. The paper investigates an application of the proposed framework in the detection of man-in-the-middle attacks targeting computers and cyber-physical systems. Finally, we briefly discuss related work and possible extensions.
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Mont’Alvãoa, Claudia, and Soyun Kimb. "A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Safety Beliefs about Products and Warnings: Brazil vs. United States." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001299.

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Concerns about safety have generated considerable research on warnings in recent years. A number of factors that influence warning effectiveness have been investigated. One factor is perceived hazard, which is a belief about how dangerous a product, environment or activity may be. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a cross-cultural investigation between the beliefs and attitudes about the safety of consumer products, the roles of product manufacturers and government in product safety, and aspects regarding warnings by participants in Brazil and in the United States (U.S.). A total of 282 individuals (including college students and adult volunteers) were recruited from these two countries. Participants in both countries believed that government would act to protect them by recalling or banning unsafe products and that manufacturers are more concerned with profits than safety. U.S. participants believed that the products in the U.S. were safer at a level that was significantly higher than what Brazilians believed about their products. Interestingly Brazilians reported that they read warnings more than the U.S. participants reported but Brazilian participants believed their warning labels were of poorer quality than what the U.S. participants reported. Other results show additional differences between the two populations. The results are discussed in terms of acknowledging that cultural background can affect safety-related beliefs.
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Reports on the topic "Beliefs about physical activity"

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Capdevila, Lluis, Josep-Maria Losilla, Carla Alfonso, Tony Estrella, and Jaume F. Lalanza. Physical Activity and Planetary Health: a scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0028.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this scoping review is to scope the body of literature, clarify concepts, investigate research conduct and to identify knowledge gaps about the physical activity (PA) behavior in a context of planetary health. The proposed study will review the existing literature considering PA beyond the scope of mere health behaviour, focusing on its potential impacts on planetary health and sustainable development. We will differentiate the PA behavior of the PA facilities or context like green-space or blue-space. Specific objectives are to provide knowledge about: 1. Which PA behaviors are sustainable for the planet and which are not. 2. What are the characteristics of sustainable PA behaviors. 3. What are the positive and negative impacts of PA behaviors on planetary health. Condition being studied: In this case, it is studied how the active lifestyle and the practice of physical activities, exercise or sports of people affect planetary health.
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Sandoval-Aguilera, Karina, Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun, and Nicolas Aguilar-Farias. Effectiveness of health promotion programs with parental or family involvement for increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school-aged children: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0003.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to examine studies that have assessed the effectiveness of health promotion programs with parental or family involvement for increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school-aged children. Condition being studied: Research has shown that parental or family support is positively associated with overall physical activity in children and young people. However, little is known about the differential effect of involving parents and family members when implementing interventions for promoting physical activity in children and adolescents compared with strategies that only rely on actions focused on the individuals or school environments. Information sources: A search strategy for articles will be carried out in the following databases: Embase, Pubmed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and CINAHL. Also, a search from gray literature (academic google, Open Gray) and references from the articles found in the first stage will be conducted.
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Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Erik Ensrud, Diane Elliot, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.

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Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.
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Squiers, Linda, Mariam Siddiqui, Ishu Kataria, Preet K. Dhillon, Aastha Aggarwal, Carla Bann, Molly Lynch, and Laura Nyblade. Perceived, Experienced, and Internalized Cancer Stigma: Perspectives of Cancer Patients and Caregivers in India. RTI Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0044.2104.

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Cancer stigma may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This exploratory, pilot study was conducted in India to explore the degree to which cancer stigma is perceived, experienced, and internalized among adults living with cancer and their primary caregivers. We conducted a survey of cancer patients and their caregivers in two Indian cities. The survey assessed perceived, experienced, and internalized stigma; demographic characteristics; patient cancer history; mental health; and social support. A purposive sample of 20 cancer survivor and caregiver dyads was drawn from an ongoing population-based cohort study. Overall, 85 percent of patients and 75 percent of caregivers reported experiencing some level (i.e., yes response to at least one of the items) of perceived, experienced, or internalized stigma. Both patients (85 percent) and caregivers (65 percent) perceived that community members hold at least one stigmatizing belief or attitude toward people with cancer. About 60 percent of patients reported experiencing stigma, and over one-third of patients and caregivers had internalized stigma. The findings indicate that fatalistic beliefs about cancer are prevalent, and basic education about cancer for the general public, patients, and caregivers is required. Cancer-related stigma in India should continue to be studied to determine and address its prevalence, root causes, and influence on achieving physical and mental health-related outcomes.
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Fernandez, Katya, Marian Ruderman, and Cathleen Clerkin. Building Leadership resilience: The CORE Framework. Center for Creative Leadership, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2020.2043.

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Effectively building resilience in today’s increasingly uncertain and complex world is crucial, especially for those in leadership positions. The current paper offers the following insights for leaders interested in building resilience: • A brief overview of what we know about resilience and burnout. This overview is informed by decades of research in leadership development. • A new, integrated framework for cultivating resilience in leaders: The CORE (Comprehensive Resilience) Framework. This framework is focused on four areas (physical, mental, emotional, and social) and takes a whole-self approach to resilience by developing a diverse set of responses to change and disruption. • A review of the eight practices designed to help build resilience within the CORE framework: sleep, physical activity, mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, savoring, gratitude, social connection, and social contact. These practices were selected because there is empirical evidence of their effectiveness specifically in leaders and because they are simple, both in nature and in how they can integrated into daily life. Each practice review also includes tips for how to incorporate these practices into daily life. • A discussion of the practical and future applications of the CORE framework.
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Siercke, Maj, Sanne Pagh Moller, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Henrik Sillesen, and Dorthe Overgaard. Improving Rehabilitation for Patients with Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Mixed-Methods Evaluation (The CIPIC Rehab Study). Science Repository, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jicoa.2021.04.01.sup.

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Aim: This study aimed to explore how qualitative data about rehabilitation for patients with intermittent claudication do provide an enhanced understanding of the quantitative experimental results. Background: The study was a randomized clinical trial comparing a rehabilitation intervention with usual care. A statistically significant difference between rehabilitation and usual care was found in walking distance, physical activity, quality of life and diet. The findings from the quantitative and qualitative analyses were analysed separately on their own tradition. In this study, mixed methods address whether the qualitative results could help explain the quantitative results and bring forward additional information. Design: Complex mixed-method intervention design with a convergent questionnaire variant. Methods: From April 2017- May 2019, patients diagnosed with intermittent claudication were included in a randomized clinical trial (N=118). In addition, qualitative interview informants from the intervention group were sampled from the quantitative study population for a survey (N=43) and focus group interviews (N=10). Interviews were conducted from April 2018-August 2019. Results: Integrated analyses identified how improvement in walking distance, physical activity, diet and quality of life was affected by team spirit, pedometer, education and fun exercise in a local setting. Quantitative and qualitative findings primarily confirmed and expanded each other; however, two discordant results were also evident. Conclusion: Our study adds empirical evidence regarding how a mixed-methods study can be used to obtain a more nuanced understanding of complex healthcare problems. The study provides new knowledge concerning how to set up a rehabilitation programme for patients with intermittent claudication.
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Corscadden, Louise, and Anjali Singh. Metabolism And Measurable Metabolic Parameters. ConductScience, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/me20221213.

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Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions involved in sustaining the life of organisms.[1] It constantly provides your body with the energy to perform essential functions. The process is categorized into two groups:[2] Catabolism: It’s the process of breaking down molecules to obtain energy. For example, converting glucose to pyruvate by cellular respiration. Anabolism: It’s the process of synthesis of compounds required to run the metabolic process of the organisms. For example, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.[2] Metabolism is affected by a range of factors, such as age, sex, muscle mass, body size, and physical activity affect metabolism or BMR (the basal metabolic rate). By definition, BMR is the minimum amount of calories your body requires to function at rest.[2] Now, you have a rough idea about the concept. But, you might wonder why you need to study it. What and how metabolic parameters are measured to determine the metabolism of the organism? Find the answer to all these questions in this article.
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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, Heidi Tuhkanen, Vincent Omondi Odongo, Michael Boyland, Elizabeth Katja Fiertz, Maria Escobar, Mónica Trujillo, and Philip Osano. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.

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Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.
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Lindow, Steven, Isaac Barash, and Shulamit Manulis. Relationship of Genes Conferring Epiphytic Fitness and Internal Multiplication in Plants in Erwinia herbicola. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573065.bard.

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Most bacterial plant pathogens colonize the surface of healthy plants as epiphytes before colonizing internally and initiating disease. The epiphytic phase of these pathogens is thus an important aspect of their epidemiology and a stage at which chemical and biological control is aimed. However, little is known of the genes and phenotypes that contribute to the ability of bacteria to grow on leaves and survive the variable physical environment in this habitat. In addition, while genes such as hrp awr and others which confer pathogenicity and in planta growth ability have been described, their contribution to other aspects of bacterial epidemiology such as epiphytic fitness have not been addressed. We hypothesized that bacterial genes conferring virulence or pathogenicity to plants also contribute to the epiphytic fitness of these bacteria and that many of these genes are preferentially located on plasmids. We addressed these hypotheses by independently identifying genes that contribute to epiphytic fitness, in planta growth, virulence and pathogenicity in the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia herbicola pv gypsophilae which causes gall formation on gypsophila. This species is highly epiphytically fit and has acquired a plasmid (pPATH) that contains numerous pathogenicity and virulence determinants, which we have found to also contribute to epiphytic fitness. We performed saturation transposon mutagenesis on pPATH as well as of the chromosome of E.h. gypsophilae, and identified mutants with reduced ability to grow in plants and/or cause disease symptoms, and through a novel competition assay, identified mutants less able to grow or survive on leaves. The number and identity of plasmid-borne hrp genes required for virulence was determined from an analysis of pPATH mutants, and the functional role of these genes in virulence was demonstrated. Likewise, other pPATH-encoded genes involved in IAA and cytokinin biosynthesis were characterized and their pattern of transcriptional activity was determined in planta. In both cases these genes involved in virulence were found to be induced in plant apoplasts. About half of avirulent mutants in pPATH were also epiphytically unfit whereas only about 10% of chromosomal mutants that were avirulent also had reduced epiphytic fitness. About 18% of random mutants in pPATH were avirulent in contrast to only 2.5% of random chromosomal mutants. Importantly, as many as 28% of pPATH mutants had lower epiphytic fitness while only about 10% of random chromosomal mutants had lower epiphytic fitness. These results support both of our original hypotheses, and indicate that genes important in a variety of interactions with plant have been enriched on mobile plasmids such as pPATH. The results also suggest that the ability of bacteria to colonize the surface of plants and to initiate infections in the interior of plants involves many of the same traits. These traits also appear to be under strong regulatory control, being expressed in response to the plant environment in many cases. It may be possible to alter the pattern of expression of such genes by altering the chemical environment of plants either by genetic means or by additional or chemical antagonists of the plant signals. The many novel bacterial genes identified in this study that are involved in plant interactions should be useful in further understanding of bacterial plant interactions.
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Lynch, Clifford, and Diane Goldenberg-Hart. Beyond the Pandemic: The Future of the Research Enterprise in Academic Year 2021-22 and Beyond. Coalition for Networked Information, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56561/mwrp9673.

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In early June 2021, representatives from a number of CNI member institutions gathered for the third in a series of Executive Roundtable discussions that began in spring 2020, during the early days of the COVID-19 emergency. The conversations were intended to inform our understanding of how the pandemic had impacted the research enterprise and to share information about how institutions were planning to shape investments and strategies surrounding the research enterprise going forward. Previous Roundtables were held in April and September 2020 and reports from those conversations are available from http://www.cni.org/tag/executive-roundtable-report. As with the earlier Roundtables on this topic, June participants primarily included senior library administrators, directors of research computing and information technology, and chief research officers from a variety of higher education institutions across the US and Canada; most participating member institutions were public universities with high research activity, though some mid-sized and private institutions participated as well. The June Roundtable took place in a single convening, supplemented by an additional conversation with a key institution unable to join the group meeting due to last-minute scheduling conflicts. As before, we urged participants to think about research broadly, encompassing the humanities, social sciences, and fieldwork activities, as well as the work that takes place in campus laboratories or facilities shared by broader research communities; indeed, the discussions occasionally considered adjacent areas such as the performing arts. The discussion was wide-ranging, including, but not limited to: the challenges involving undergraduate, graduate and international students; labs and core instrumentation; access to physical collections (libraries, museums, herbaria, etc.) and digital materials; patterns of impact on various disciplines and mitigation strategies; and institutional approaches to improving research resilience. We sensed a growing understanding and sensitivity to the human toll the pandemic has taken on the research community. There were several consistent themes throughout the Roundtable series, but shifts in assumptions, planning, and preparation have been evident as vaccination rates have increased and as organizations have grown somewhat more confident in their ability to sustain largely in-person operations by fall 2021. Still, uncertainties abound and considerable notes of tentativeness remain, and indeed, events subsequent to the Roundtable, such as the large-scale spread of the Delta variant of COVID-19 in the US, have eroded much of the confidence we heard in June 2021, though probably more around instructional strategies than the continuity of the research enterprise. The events of the past 18 months, combined with a growing series of climate change-driven disruptions, have infused a certain level of humility into institutional planning, and they continue to underscore the importance of approaches that emphasize resilience and flexibility.
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