Relevant bibliographies by topics / Belgian history

Academic literature on the topic 'Belgian history'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Belgian history"

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Komosa, Marcin. "Tervuren, czyli belgijskie lustro [Tervuren. The Belgian Mirror]." Studia Litteraria et Historica, no. 5 (December 28, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/slh.2016.005.

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Tervuren. The Belgian MirrorThe paper describes the history and the ideology of the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren, Belgium, founded in 1898. The role of the museum and its exhibition is analysed in the context of Belgian history, taking into account the tensions between Flemings and Walloons as well as changes in the attitude towards Africa and Africans. The author proposes to divide the history of the evolution of the RMCA exhibition into four stages: from the colonial exhibition to the current reconstruction of the museum.Tervuren, czyli belgijskie lustroArtykuł opisuje historię i ideologię powstałego w 1898 roku Królewskiego Muzeum Afryki Cen­tralnej w Tervuren w Belgii. Znaczenie muzeum i jego wystawy jest analizowane w kontekście belgij­skiej historii, z uwzględnieniem napięć pomiędzy zamieszkującymi Belgię Flamandami i Walonami, a także zmiany postaw wobec Afryki i jej mieszkańców. Autor proponuje podzielić ewolucję muzeum na cztery etapy: od wystawy kolonialnej po obecną przebudowę.
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Rosoux, Valerie, and Laurence van Ypersele. "The Belgian national past: Between commemoration and silence." Memory Studies 5, no. 1 (November 16, 2011): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424030.

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This article examines the gradual deconstruction of the Belgian national identity. Is it possible to speak of a de facto differentiation or even ‘federalization’ of the so-called ‘national past’ in Belgium? How do Belgians choose to remember and forget this past? To contribute to an understanding of these issues, the article considers two very different episodes of Belgian history, namely the First World War and the colonization of the Congo. On the one hand, the memory of the First World War appears to provide the template for memory conflicts in Belgium, and thus informs the memories of other tragedies such as the Second World War. On the other hand, the memory of the colonial past remains much more consensual – providing a more nuanced picture of competing views on the past. Beyond the differences between the ways in which these episodes are officially portrayed, the same fundamental trend may be observed: the gradual fragmentation of a supposedly smooth and reliable national version of history.
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Namazova, Alla. "The Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Belgium: the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations and the First Envoys." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640016502-0.

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The author analyses the initial period of the history of diplomatic relations between Russia and the Kingdom of Belgium, from 1853 onwards. The essay is based on the study of diplomatic documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. The author focuses on Russia’s important role in the international recognition of the independence of Belgium: after the Belgian Revolution of 1830, the former was one of the great powers which guaranteed, through international legal acts, the existence of a young neutral Belgian state. The close dynastic ties between the House of Romanov and the royal family of Belgium, House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, especially between the Romanovs and the first King of the Belgians, Leopold I. The latter took up a military career in the Imperial Russian Army (1812–1815), gained a certain degree of credibility at the Imperial Court in St. Petersburg; the personal correspondence established between the two ruling Houses helped to strengthen Russian-Belgian relations. Official documents of this period demonstrate that Brussels was strategically important as an information centre where information from the nearest European capitals was accumulated. That is why the Russian Foreign Ministry approached the selection of diplomatic personnel for the Russian representation in Brussels with special care, as evidenced by the guidelines of the Foreign Ministry to envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary cited in the article. The author also gives close attention to the life and work of the Belgian envoy in St. Petersburg, Count Camille de Briey, and the first Russian envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary in Brussels in 1853–1869, namely Count Mikhail Khreptovich and Prince Nikolay Orlov, as well as Alexandr Rikhter, who contributed to the development of friendly relations between the two countries.
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Lavrysen, Laurens. "‘Strasbourg was something new, it was an adventure’." Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 86, no. 3-4 (December 5, 2018): 482–547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08634p07.

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SummaryIn recent years, a burgeoning literature has focused on the history of human rights in general and the history of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in particular. In order to understand how the ECHR gradually managed to gain authority in diverse national settings, it is necessary to complement transnational historical perspectives with studies of national reception histories. The present article approaches the history of the ECHR in Belgium by focusing on the history of the Belgian cases in Strasbourg, which have played an important role in contributing to the ‘discovery’ of the ECHR in the Belgian legal system. On the basis of interviews with actors involved in the early cases against Belgium, it was possible to determine their position in the Belgian legal landscape as well as their motivations and aspirations in going to Strasbourg. Moreover, these interviews allowed gaining insight into the circumstances out of which litigation against Belgium arose.
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Wouters, Nico. "De Tweede Wereldoorlog in de Lage Landen." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 136, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51769/bmgn-lchr.9818.

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De evaluatie van vijftig jaren kopij over de Tweede Wereldoorlog in de BMGN – Low Countries Historical Review (BMGN) levert een rijk maar eenzijdig beeld op. Vooral het feit dat de Belgisch-Nederlandse uitwisseling nooit echt van de grond kwam, mag gezien het oorspronkelijke doel van de BMGN een gemiste kans worden genoemd. Helemaal onlogisch is het echter niet: de Belgische en Nederlandse WOII-geschiedschrijving kenden uiteenlopende nationale ontwikkelingen. Zeker de paradigmatische kaders ontwikkelden zich anders en hadden uiteindelijk zelfs tegengestelde effecten: van een situatie van scherpe polarisering in Nederland tot makke consensus in België. Dat maakt een Belgisch-Nederlands gesprek niet vanzelfsprekend. We bedoelen misschien ongeveer hetzelfde met het begrip ‘accommodatie’, maar de specifieke ladingen die dat begrip heeft gekregen, zijn intussen helemaal anders. De concrete voorwaarden creëren voor een Belgisch-Nederlandse uitwisseling binnen dit onderzoeksveld blijft dus een werf, ook voor de BMGN. Deze interactie zou beide nationale historiografische tradities wellicht verrijken. The evaluation of fifty years of copy about World War II in the BMGN – Low Countries Historical Review (BMGN) yields a rich but one-sided impression. That the Belgian-Dutch exchange never truly got under way may, given the original goal of the BMGN, be considered a missed opportunity. All the same, this is not entirely illogical: Belgian and Dutch WWII historiography followed divergent national trajectories. Especially the paradigmatic contours emerged differently and ultimately even brought about contradictory effects, from deep polarisation in the Netherlands to meek consensus in Belgium. This does not make a Belgian-Dutch dialogue selfevident. We possibly may use the concept ‘accommodation’ with a similar meaning, but the specific connotations that the concept has acquired are by now entirely different. Bringing about the concrete conditions for a Belgian-Dutch exchange within this research field is therefore an ongoing project, even for the BMGN. Such interaction would surely enrich both national historiographic traditions.
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Khorosheva, Aleksandra. "Socialist Jules Destrée at the Head of Belgian Diplomatic Mission in Russia, August 1917 – March 1918." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640016556-9.

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The article examines the diplomatic mission of the Belgian socialist Jules Destrée to Russia in August 1917 – March 1918. He was appointed to Petrograd at the height of internal political changes in Russia when the country began its withdrawal from World War I. Following the previously set goal of participating in the war to the victorious end, Belgium tried to keep Russia as an ally, expecting that as her neutrality guarantor it will render assistance in restoring Belgian political independence. Furthermore, one of the urgent problems was to take care of Belgian companies and enterprises in Russia, their workers and employees who were in Russia. To achieve these goals, the Belgian Foreign Ministry attempted to establish a dialogue with the new Bolshevik government, appointing as its official ambassador a left-wing politician instead of a professional diplomat. He was well-known for his patriotism and his views about the necessity to continue the war to the end. The analysis of diplomatic documents and J. Destrée’s private notes allows the author to identify the diplomatic strategy pursued by the Belgian government, the specifics of the tasks assigned to the diplomat, and the fruits of his mission. The author concludes that Destrée’s mission failed due to the lack of understanding of the Russian internal contradictions on the part of the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs which could not be counterbalanced by the ambassador’s political views.
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Beyen, Marnix. "A parricidal memory: Flanders’ memorial universe as product and producer of Belgian history." Memory Studies 5, no. 1 (November 4, 2011): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424029.

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This article examines how the Belgian patriotic collective memory in Flanders during the 20th century was supplanted by a Flemish Nationalist counter memory. The article starts with a semiotic analysis of some concrete commemorative practices and discourses surrounding the brothers Van Raemdonck, two Flemish soldiers who died during the First World War and were venerated as Flemish heroes. Next, these cases are situated in some larger themes and tendencies dominating the intellectual construction of Flemish National collective memory during the 19th and 20th centuries. Finally, the success of these themes is related to the broader cultural, social and political context of Belgium. Through this widening perspective, the article shows not only that Flemish National collective memory was construed from within Belgian patriotic memory, but also that it profited from the weaknesses in the construction of the Belgian State to become the dominant ‘memorial universe’.
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Tsivatyi, Viacheslav. "The Model of Diplomacy and the Diplomatic System of the Kingdom of Belgium in Globalisation: Institutional and Political-International Discourses (Experience for Ukraine)." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXIII (2022): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2022-28.

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The study is devoted to methodological problems, modern and historical discourses of the study of the institutional origins, achievements and present of the diplomacy of the Kingdom of Belgium. The authors emphasise the relevance and significance of the subject, which has not received a comprehensive comparative analysis in modern Ukrainian and world historiography. When analysing the model of diplomacy and the diplomatic system of the Kingdom of Belgium, the authors focus on the features and national specificity of the stages of the institutional history and the present of Belgian diplomacy in the system of international political coordinates. Special attention is focused on the expediency of implementing in Ukraine the best diplomatic examples (models) and achievements of Belgian diplomacy in the conditions of a globalised world system. The article emphasises the methods of research, which is interdisciplinary in nature and is based on important cognitive principles: scientificity, historicism and objectivity. The use of various general and special methods allowed the authors to determine the trajectory of scientific research for the real reconstruction of historical and modern events, institutional stages of formation and the current state of the model of diplomacy of the Kingdom of Belgium. The historical legacy and modern practical experience of the diplomacy of the Kingdom of Belgium have not lost their relevance to this day; bilateral Belgian-Ukrainian relations firmly connect Belgium and Ukraine through centuries and millennia of European history. Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, diplomacy, public diplomacy, institutional history, institutionalisation, Ukraine, Belgium.
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ten Hagen, Sjang L. "The Local versus the Global in the history of relativity: The case of Belgium." Science in Context 33, no. 3 (September 2020): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889721000028.

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ArgumentThis article contributes to a global history of relativity, by exploring how Einstein’s theory was appropriated in Belgium. This may sound like a contradiction in terms, yet the early-twentieth-century Belgian context, because of its cultural diversity and reflectiveness of global conditions (the principal example being the First World War), proves well-suited to expose transnational flows and patterns in the global history of relativity. The attempts of Belgian physicist Théophile de Donder to contribute to relativity physics during the 1910s and 1920s illustrate the role of the war in shaping the transnational networks through which relativity circulated. The local attitudes of conservative Belgian Catholic scientists and philosophers, who denied that relativity was philosophically significant, exemplify a global pattern: while critics of relativity feared to become marginalized by the scientific, political, and cultural revolutions that Einstein and his theory were taken to represent, supporters sympathized with these revolutions.
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Monballyu, Jos. "The force of law of decree-laws in Belgium during and after the First World War." Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 83, no. 1-2 (May 31, 2015): 248–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08312p12.

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When Belgium was overrun by Germany in 1914 neither the Belgian constitutional legislator, nor the Belgian legislator had determined how the police powers of the civil authorities could be transferred to the military authorities in the case of a war. Article 130 of the Constitution determined that the Constitution and the constitutional rights and freedoms it provided could never be suspended wholly or in part. This created a problem. There were several statutes which provided merely a limited answer for some situations. When Belgian military authorities instead of civil authorities took measures which invaded upon constitutional rights, disputes arose. In order to avoid these, the Belgian King enacted the decree-law concerning the state of war and the state of siege on 11 October 1916. Many provisions of this decree-law had been taken from the French war laws of 9 August 1849 and 4 April 1878, but – contrary to these French laws – the Belgian decree-law was not based on a formal constitutional stipulation. This decree-law, which contravened the Belgian Constitution of 7 February 1831 and the fundamental rights and freedoms which were safeguarded by this Constitution in several respects, made it possible to take a number of measures during the state of war and the state of siege. As soon as these different provisions were applied, several citizens protested against them. Their protest was mainly aimed at the force of ‘law’ of the decree-law of 11 October 1916 and all of the other decree-laws. The rest of this contribution will detail when and why this protest took place, as well as how the Belgian administration of justice dealt with this protest.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Belgian history"

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Harrison, Sharon Maree. "Belgian labour in Nazi Germany : a social history." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17582.

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The Nazis' deployment of foreigners (Ausländereinsatz) between 1939 and 1945 established one of the largest forced labour programs since the abolition of slavery during the nineteenth century. Foreign civilians from across Europe were deployed in Germany's war economy. Between 350,000 and 400,000 Belgian civilians were deployed in Germany during the Second World War- roughly half of these workers went to Germany voluntarily, but under a degree of pressure due to the Military Administration's economic policies in occupied Belgium. This thesis examines the implementation of the Nazi forced labour program through the analysis of the lives of Belgians who worked in Germany in the period 1940-1945 and by using a variety of original sources, including the records of the German Military Administration in Belgium and German and Belgian labour officials and the accounts of those who lived and worked in Germany. This thesis proposes a social history of the Nazi foreign labour program with a strong focus on the history of everyday life, drawing extensively on records such as letters, diaries, photographs and personal accounts of Belgians who worked in Germany during the Second World War, as well as hospital, police and judicial records. The employment patterns and experiences of Belgians deployed in Germany are examined through detailed case studies of Berlin and Düsseldorf, industrialised cities where Belgians were deployed in significant numbers. The Nazi regime divided Belgium's population along linguistic lines: Belgians were officially subject to differentiated treatment based on whether they were Flemings or Walloons. Examining the treatment of Belgians by the Nazi regime and comparing Nazi racial policies and practice, this thesis emphasises the key role played by local authorities, employers and individual Germans in shaping the experiences of foreign workers. It is argued that an important distinction must be made in relation to the material advantages western European workers enjoyed due to their elevated position in the Nazi racial hierarchy and the benefits individual foreign workers were able to secure by virtue of their employment skills, linguistic skills and greater confidence. The experiences of Belgian workers are also compared and contrasted with those of other national groups and are related to the broader history of foreign labour in Nazi Germany. This study also examines the experiences of Belgian women. While Belgian women represented close to 15 percent of Belgians deployed in Germany, studies of Belgian labour in Germany have largely overlooked their experiences. Utilising the limited available sources, this thesis contributes to an understanding of women's experiences. By focussing on the social history of the Ausländereinsatz and the stories of individual Belgians, this thesis maps the varied experiences of Belgians in Germany during the Second World War, illustrating convergence and divergence from Nazi racial policy and the fundamental role ordinary Germans played. More importantly, however, this thesis shows that Belgian civilian workers were not just passive victims of the German occupation. The decision to go to Germany to work was a personal one for many Belgian volunteers, based on individual circumstances. In difficult economic times and with no end to the war in sight, Belgians sought to navigate the best course for themselves and their families. While conscripts were by definition not free, as western Europeans Belgians were afforded greater rights and legal protections, which ensured they had room for manoeuvre and were able to exercise a significant degree of control over their own destinies.
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Stanard, Matthew G. "Selling the tenth province Belgian colonial propaganda, 1908-1960 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3215171.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: A, page: 1490. Adviser: James D. Le Sueur. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed March 22, 2007)."
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Stamberger, Janiv. "Jewish Migration and the Making of a Belgian Jewry: Immigration, Consolidation, and Transformation of Jewish life in Belgium before 1940." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/302107/3/2.PhD.pdf.

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Cette thèse se concentre sur les développements de la société juive belge dans la période avant 1940. La communauté juive belge, telle qu'elle s'est développée au cours des XIXe et XXe siècles, est le résultat d'une succession de "vagues migratoires juives". Contrairement aux autres communautés juives d'Europe occidentale comme celles de France, d'Allemagne, de Grande-Bretagne ou des Pays-Bas, la population juive belge n'avait pas de racines historiques fortes ni de tradition historique établie. Un premier " mouvement de migration juif " (1815-1880) a créé les bases du Judaïsme Consistorial belge. Ces migrants juifs de France, des Pays-Bas et d'Allemagne se sont installés en Belgique et ont créés les fondations institutionnelles du Judaïsme belge. Les élites du Consistoire, partisanes de l'acculturation du rite et de la culture juifs à la société européenne non juive, ont préconisé une intégration profonde de la population juive et ont refusé toute forme de particularisme juif en dehors de la sphère religieuse. Cette idéologie patriotique restera la pierre angulaire d'une petite population juive bien intégrée, estimée à environ 4 000 personnes en 1880. Jusqu'à une bonne partie du XXe siècle, ce petit groupe de "juifs belges" restera le "gardien" de la communauté religieuse juive officielle de la capitale, la Communauté Israélite de Bruxelles.Une nouvelle vague d'immigrants juifs à la fin XIXe siècle pousse la trajectoire historique de la communauté juive belge dans de nouvelles directions et va entraîner une énorme diversification de la société juive belge. A partir des années 1880 et surtout après 1906, des milliers d'immigrants juifs d'Europe de l'Est s'installent en Belgique, attirés par les opportunités économiques ou comme " escale temporaire " sur leur chemin vers l'Amérique. Ce processus s'est répété après la Première Guerre mondiale, lorsque le mouvement d'émigration des Juifs d'Europe de l'Est a repris après la fin de la guerre. Le "premier" (1982-1914) et le "second" (1914-1930) mouvement migratoire juif d'Europe de l'Est a entraîné une croissance énorme de la population juive belge. En 1930, la population juive en Belgique était estimée à environ 50.000 personnes.L'arrivée de migrants juifs d'Europe de l'Est a entraîné une transformation radicale de la société juive belge. De nouvelles formes de religiosité juive, de nouvelles visions culturelles et politiques ont émergé. Une " classe ouvrière " juive urbaine s'est installée dans des métiers artisanaux semi-industriels tels que l'industrie du diamant, ou a trouvé du travail dans des emplois flexibles et mal payés dans l'industrie de l'habillement et dans diverses branches de l'industrie du cuir, souvent dans de petites entreprises dirigées par leurs coreligionnaires déjà établis. Des partis ouvriers juifs et un "mouvement syndical" juif ont tenté d'organiser ces "masses juives", de défendre leurs intérêts, de les intégrer dans le mouvement ouvrier belge et de promouvoir de nouvelles formes d'identité juive laïque. Un fort mouvement national juif a tenté d'élever le sionisme et le projet national juif en Palestine au rang de point d'ancrage d'une nouvelle identité juive, mais il s'est heurté à la résistance à la fois du "Judaïsme belge" établi, de la forte section juive du parti communiste belge et d'une grande partie de l'orthodoxie religieuse juive. Néanmoins, au cours des quatre décennies qui ont précédé le déclenchement de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le sionisme a gagné en importance. Toutes ces différentes tendances au sein de la société juive belge ont tenté de gagner de l'influence et de l'autorité dans la rue juive ou dans les institutions officielles du Judaïsme belge. Avec l'installation des immigrants juifs d'Europe de l'Est, le difficile processus d'intégration dans la société belge a également commencé. Leur bagage idéologique, transplanté du monde juif d'Europe de l'Est, a été progressivement adapté et configuré pour apporter des réponses aux circonstances et défis spécifiques rencontrés par la communauté juive en Belgique. La crise économique des années 1930, la montée du national-socialisme en Allemagne et l'émergence concomitante d'un antisémitisme local organisé dans la société belge dans la seconde moitié des années 1930 ont secoué la société juive. L'appauvrissement croissant de larges pans de la population juive, combiné à l'afflux de milliers de réfugiés juifs d'Allemagne et d'Autriche, a fait exploser les contradictions au sein de la communauté juive.Ce sont ces processus de formation de l'identité juive "belge" et la manière dont les différents acteurs de la communauté juive ont réagi à des événements historiques spécifiques de la première moitié du vingtième siècle que cette thèse explore.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Newes-Adeyi, Gabriella. "The Belgian Rexist Movement before the Second World War: Success and Failure." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1364207105.

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Draper, Mario A. "The Belgian army, society and military cultures, 1830-1918." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54504/.

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This thesis examines the conflicted relationship between the Belgian army and society from its independence in 1830 through to the end of the First World War in 1918. It assesses the role that the army played as a tool of nation building in what was a culturally, geographically, linguistically, and politically fractured country. Ultimately, the work argues that the army largely failed in this role as political interference in the institution restricted its ability to impact positively on the youth entrusted to its care. The machinations of the two dominant parties, the Catholics and the Liberals, helped reinforce local ties as opposed to fostering a wider sense of nationhood. The military implications were manifold. Not only was the army slow, within a continental context, to adopt conscription, only doing so in 1913, but the strong sense of anti-militarism within society equally held successive governments to account over necessary financial contributions towards other aspects of the military, such as the Civic Guard and the fortresses. When coupled with the issue of language among a majority Flemish rank and file commanded by a predominantly French-speaking officer corps, there was a real fear among domestic and foreign commentators that Belgium’s ability to uphold its unique imposed neutrality in the event of a future war was limited. Notwithstanding, its performance during the First World War was surprising and marked a brief interlude in the contested domestic affairs of the long nineteenth century, as opposition against the ‘other’ rallied the nation behind a single cause. It demonstrated that, despite an entrenched parochialism, multiple associations with the concept of Belgian nationality were extant, but required the crisis of the Great War in order to be clearly expressed.
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DeFina, Carol Ann. "Belgian avant-gardism, 1887-1889 : Les Vingt, L’Art Moderne and the utopian vision." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25378.

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In 1883 a group of Belgian artists wishing to challenge the hegemony of the Brussels Academy founded the organization, Les Vingt, on the principles of egalitarianism and artistic freedom and elected Octave Maus, editor of the self-proclaimed avant-garde journal, L'Art Moderne, as its secretary. Henceforth, Les Vingt assumed the identity of Belgium's leading visual exponent of modernité and L'Art Moderne became its foremost champion. In actuality, the alliance the Vingtistes formed with L'Art Moderne allowed Octave Maus and his co-editor Edmund Picard to gain control of the group's operations. The journal's editors, through their association with the Belgian social reform movement, had formulated an artistic concept they called l'art social and Les Vingt was to become the incarnation of this new doctrine of social art. During the period of 1887 to 1889, however, while the Belgian workers' movement erupted in a succession of strikes and demonstrations, Maus and Picard radically changed their strategy in marketing Les Vingt to its viewing public. They campaigned for a revised, "depoliticized" avant-garde identity for the group, and the model they chose to represent this new identity was French divisionism. The group's appropriation of divisionism, however, signified a forfeiture of many of the group's original ideals. Furthermore, it became a point of conflict for those Vingtistes who chose to remain loyal to their own styles. This conflict is evident in the case of James Ensor, one of the group's important founding members. During this period, he developed his own personal imagery that was a synthesis of Flemish and modern themes and motifs. This imagery made a bold, critical attack upon Les Vingt's capitulation to French divisionism, which signified an acqui-esence to the ardently Francophile tastes of the Brussels bourgeoisie. The focus of this thesis is an analysis of Les Vingt's avant-garde identity as it evolved out of its relationship with L'Art Moderne, and how that relationship led to the importation of divisionism. Ensor's conflict with Les Vingt and his provocative Flemish imagery is also examined as a means of assessing the significance of Les Vingt's adoption of the French art style.
Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
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Key, Brian David. "Appeals for “One Million Belgian Children”: Understanding the Success of the Commission for Relief in Belgium through the Mudd Family Papers." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1189.

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In response to the German occupation of Belgium in World War I, future U.S. president Herbert Hoover and a handful of his colleagues in the mining engineer industry founded the Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB). The CRB engineered one of the greatest relief movements in history partly on account of its successful public appeals; nevertheless, the success of these appeals has never been fully explained due to a remarkable dearth of scholarship on the topic. This paper seeks to fill in the gap by analyzing salient documents in the Mudd Family Papers, located in Honnold/Mudd Library’s Special Collections section. The artifacts ultimately evince that the CRB tailored its appeals to the American upper and middle classes, appropriating their respective motifs and lexicons to successfully mobilize both groups; that rumors of wartime atrocities against Belgian children augmented its appeals to the middle class; and that it issued targeted messages to its American supporters after the United States’ entry into World War I, maintaining vital public support. The findings of this paper promise to add invaluable knowledge to an exceedingly understudied historical subject.
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Wigley, Andrew Paul. "Marketing Cold War tourism in the Belgian Congo : a study in colonial propaganda 1945-1960." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95925.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the nascent colonial tourist sector of the Belgian Congo from 1945 until independence in 1960. Empire in Africa was the last remaining vestige of might for the depleted European imperial powers following the Second World War. That might, however, was largely illusory, especially for Belgium, which had been both defeated and occupied by Germany. Post-war Belgium placed much value on its colonial role in the Belgian Congo, promoting and marketing its imperial mission to domestic and international audiences alike. Such efforts allowed Belgium to justify a system that was under fire from the new superpowers of the United States of America (USA) and the Soviet Union. This thesis makes the case that the Belgian authorities recognised the opportunity to harness the ‘new’ economic activity of tourism to help deliver pro-colonial propaganda, particularly to the USA which had a growing affluent class and where successive administrations were keen to encourage overseas travel. In building a tourism sector post the Second World War, efforts in diversifying the economy were secondary to the objective of using the marketing of tourism to actively position and promote Belgium’s long-term involvement in the Congo.
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Sambells, Chelsea Ivy Meaghan. "Humanity in times of war? : the evacuation of French and Belgian children to Switzerland, 1940-1945." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25889.

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This study investigates the evacuation of 60,000 French and Belgian children to Switzerland between 1940 and 1945. This humanitarian action was initially implemented by a coalition of Swiss charities but because of its growing popularity and increasing scope, the Swiss Red Cross joined the efforts in 1942. Despite the devastation, food scarcities and logistical limitations of the Second World War, these children were successfully fed, clothed and housed in Swiss households for three-month periods before they returned home. Given the massive diplomatic and material challenges, it is surprising that such a large transnational evacuation for vulnerable, foreign children was generally effective. By evaluating both how these evacuations were conducted and why participating governments sought to support or prohibit their implementation, this thesis reveals new information that challenges the standard narratives of the wartime actions of the Allies, Nazi Germany and Switzerland. Britain and America’s role in the evacuation does not support their reputation as righteous victors, but as bickering governments strategizing to strengthen their post-war political position in Europe. Nazi Germany’s authorization of the evacuation deepens our knowledge by demonstrating how “humanitarian” operations were circuitously manipulated as a way to increase Nazi control. The noteworthy hospitality of Swiss citizens significantly diverged from the strict immigration policies imposed by their government, a finding which both challenges and reinforces the controversy surrounding Switzerland’s prohibitive, internationally-condemned refugee policies. Overall, this thesis recasts each participant in a new light by questioning the motivations of governments at war, the value of children in war, and the logistics of wartime humanitarian operations.
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Lambrecht, Jeroen. "Belgian soldiers' perceptions of the enemy during the First World War, 1914 - 1918." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1993.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.
Title from screen (viewed on November 5, 2009). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Kevin Cramer, William H. Schneider, Monroe H. Little. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-126).
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Books on the topic "Belgian history"

1

Gallez, Jules. The history of the Belgian strains. 2nd ed. Meulebeke, Belgium: J. Gallez, 1987.

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Opération Dragon Rouge: Le Congo dans la guerre froide, 1964 : Récit. Bruxelles: Le Cri édition, 2012.

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Het jaar van de draak: Congo 1964. Brussel: Uitgeverij Masoin, 2011.

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Valcke, Johan. Bijoux belges contemporains =: Hedendaagse juwelen in België = Contemporary Belgian jewellery. Liège: Mardaga, 1992.

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Johan, Valcke, Bruyn Ludwig de, Vlaams Instituut voor het Zelfstandig Ondernemen., and Schmuckmuseum Pforzheim, eds. Schmuck aus Belgien die Moderne 1945-1995 =: Contemporary Belgian jewellery 1945-1995. Brussel: VIZO, 1996.

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Depelchin, Jacques. From the Congo Free State to Zaire: How Belgium privatized the economy : a history of Belgian stock companies in Congo-Zaïre from 1885 to 1974. Oxford: Codesria Book Series, 1992.

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Dellisse, Daniel. Les Belges du Wisconsin: L'odyssée des émigrants belges au Wisconsin au milieu : essai. Bruxelles: Le Cri édition, 2013.

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Palais des beaux-arts (Brussels, Belgium), ed. XX models: Young Belgian architecture. [Brussels]: A+ Editions, 2012.

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Samyn, Jempi. The finest in Belgian jazz. Brugge: De Werf, 2002.

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Belgian administration in the Congo. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Belgian history"

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Mandin, Jérémy. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Belgian Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 53–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_3.

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Abstract Belgium has a rich, but largely forgotten, emigration history. In July 2018, 471,401 Belgians were registered as living abroad. Yet, little academic attention has been given to this population and to the types of relations that the Belgium state maintains with it. This chapter aims to fill this gap by focusing on the policies developed in Belgium to provide forms of social protection to its citizens abroad. Based on the analyses of online and offline institutional documentation, applicable legislation, parliamentary documentation and specialized publications, the chapter describes the specificity of the Belgian involvement in the protection of its population living abroad. It is argued that the diaspora infrastructure of Belgium is largely characterized by a lack of specialized institutions at the federal level and by the relatively important role of Belgian subnational communities in organizing the relations with the Belgian population abroad. Regarding diaspora’s social protection, the chapter discusses the specificities of the Belgian policies and, in particular, the system of “Overseas Social Security” which takes its roots in the country’s colonial past.
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Kadima-Nzuji, Mukala. "The Belgian territories." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 158–67. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.vi.16kad.

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Demoor, Marysa. "British Identity in Belgian Soil." In A Cross-Cultural History of Britain and Belgium, 1815–1918, 17–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87926-6_2.

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Jenart, Delphine. "“The Internet: A Belgian Story?” The Mundaneum." In Making the History of Computing Relevant, 79–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41650-7_7.

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Vanhaute, Eric, and Leen Van Molle. "9. Belgian agrarian and rural history, 1800-2000." In Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, 217–48. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.corn-eb.4.00090.

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Stanard, Matthew G. "Lumumba’s Ghost: A Historiography of Belgian Colonial Culture." In The MacKenzie Moment and Imperial History, 337–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24459-0_15.

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Volkov, V. "Innovation and technology in the 19th-century Belgian window glass industry." In History of Construction Cultures, 650–57. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003173434-189.

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Corbeel, Ione, and Pauline Ketelaars. "Belgian Peace Demonstrations after the Invasion of Iraq." In The Routledge History of World Peace Since 1750, 382–92. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: The Routledge histories: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315157344-31.

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Dejongh, Guy, and Eric Vanhaute. "2. Arable productivity in Belgian agriculture, c.1800-c.1950." In Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, 65–83. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.corn-eb.4.00099.

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Devos, Isabelle. "4. Marriage and economic conditions since 1700: the Belgian case." In Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, 101–32. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.corn-eb.4.00125.

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Conference papers on the topic "Belgian history"

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Geraets, Luc H. "The Fabulous Nuclear Odyssey of Belgium." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77468.

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This paper reviews the Belgian history of nuclear technology and its use for power generation, from the beginning in 1942 until now. It identifies the main players in the field, and the major milestones of this history, both from the power generation side and the nuclear fuel side. It demonstrates the genuine contribution of Belgium to this technology (typical examples are shown), and the significant role of its engineers and scientists.
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FLORÉ, Fredie. "The Belgian participation in the Milan Triennials." In Design frontiers: territories, concepts, technologies [=ICDHS 2012 - 8th Conference of the International Committee for Design History & Design Studies]. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/design-icdhs-053.

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Havard, P. "Reduction of Radioactive Waste Production: Where Is the Optimum?" In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1301.

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Abstract Low and medium level waste management means reducing the amount of waste generated during maintenance and operation of the plant, in accordance with the ALARA concept, while keeping not only the quality of the product but also the associated costs under control. All this waste is managed by ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian Federal Agency responsible for waste management, including conditioning, intermediate storage and final disposal. Unfortunately, the actions taken by ONDRAF/NIRAS and the producers in order to reduce waste production have had a negative impact on waste treatment tariffs. It has become necessary to re-examine the relationship between ONDRAF/NIRAS and the producers, in order to control the costs of waste management. This problem concerns not only the treatment costs but also the disposal costs. The volume of waste has fallen from 30M3/Thwh in 1985 to 4.m3/Twh in 2000, not by chance but as the result of a new site organisation geared towards achieving this aim. This paper presents firstly the history of Belgian waste management, taking into account the impact on the associated costs, and secondly the measures that have to be taken in order to be able to decide which new technologies are necessary to go further with the objective of waste volume reduction in a new environment, namely deregulation and consequently high pressure on production costs. Finally, it presents a few conclusions.
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Cailliez, Matthieu. "Europäische Rezeption der Berliner Hofoper und Hofkapelle von 1842 bis 1849." In Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Musikforschung 2019. Paderborn und Detmold. Musikwissenschaftliches Seminar der Universität Paderborn und der Hochschule für Musik Detmold, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25366/2020.50.

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The subject of this contribution is the European reception of the Berlin Royal Opera House and Orchestra from 1842 to 1849 based on German, French, Italian, English, Spanish, Belgian and Dutch music journals. The institution of regular symphony concerts, a tradition continuing to the present, was initiated in 1842. Giacomo Meyerbeer and Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy were hired as general music directors respectively conductors for the symphony concerts in the same year. The death of the conductor Otto Nicolai on 11th May 1849, two months after the premiere of his opera Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor, coincides with the end of the analysed period, especially since the revolutions of 1848 in Europe represent a turning point in the history of the continent. The lively music activities of these three conductors and composers are carefully studied, as well as the guest performances of foreign virtuosos and singers, and the differences between the Berliner Hofoper and the Königstädtisches Theater.
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Lee, S. Y., S. J. Hensel, and C. De Bock. "Thermal Analysis of Geologic High-Level Radioactive Waste Packages." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25105.

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The engineering design of disposal of the high level waste (HLW) packages in a geologic repository requires a thermal analysis to provide the temperature history of the packages. Calculated temperatures are used to demonstrate compliance with criteria for waste acceptance into the geologic disposal gallery system and as input to assess the transient thermal characteristics of the vitrified HLW Package. The objective of the work was to evaluate the thermal performance of the supercontainer containing the vitrified HLW in a non-backfilled and unventilated underground disposal gallery. In order to achieve the objective, transient computational models for a geologic vitrified HLW package were developed by using a computational fluid dynamics method, and calculations for the HLW disposal gallery of the current Belgian geological repository reference design were performed. An initial two-dimensional model was used to conduct some parametric sensitivity studies to better understand the geologic system’s thermal response. The effect of heat decay, number of co-disposed supercontainers, domain size, humidity, thermal conductivity and thermal emissivity were studied. Later, a more accurate three-dimensional model was developed by considering the conduction-convection cooling mechanism coupled with radiation, and the effect of the number of supercontainers (3, 4 and 8) was studied in more detail, as well as a bounding case with zero heat flux at both ends. The modeling methodology and results of the sensitivity studies will be presented.
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Lataire, E., M. Vantorre, B. Heylbroeck, and B. de Ketelaere. "The Contradictions Between the Original Three Masted Belgica and Present Regulations." In Historic Ships 2009. RINA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.hist.2009.03.

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Serulus, Katarina. "Take up Position: Defining Industrial Design in Postwar Belgium (1954-1970)." In 9th Conference of the International Committee for Design History and Design Studies. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/despro-icdhs2014-0083.

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Mols, Sandra, and Marie d'Udekem-Gevers. "Disseminating electronics: Bell Telephone and the emergence of electronic computing expertise in post-war Belgium, c1945–c1960." In 2008 IEEE History of Telecommunications Conference - "From Semaphone to Cellular Radio Telecommunications". IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/histelcon.2008.4668723.

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Lund, Irene Amanti. "Devoted to the Modern Movement. Pierre-Louis Flouquet: editor, critic and mediator of design and architecture in Belgium." In 9th Conference of the International Committee for Design History and Design Studies. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/despro-icdhs2014-0113.

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Serulus, Katarina. "Design promotion in Belgium in the 1960s: national interests and european ambitions." In Design frontiers: territories, concepts, technologies [=ICDHS 2012 - 8th Conference of the International Committee for Design History & Design Studies]. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/design-icdhs-055.

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Reports on the topic "Belgian history"

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A history of abuse increases the risk of suicide attempts in youth. ACAMH, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.12665.

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Researchers in Belgium and the USA have conducted one of the first investigations into whether a history of various forms of abuse and the presence of mood disorders and psychotic symptoms can predict suicide attempts in psychiatrically hospitalized children.
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