Relevant bibliographies by topics / Belarus – History – German occupation, 1941-1944

Academic literature on the topic 'Belarus – History – German occupation, 1941-1944'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Belarus – History – German occupation, 1941-1944"

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Vinnitsa, Gennadiy. "The Resistance of the Jewish Population of Eastern Belarus to the Nazi Genocide in 1941–1944." European Journal of Jewish Studies 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 103–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11311053.

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Abstract The resistance of the Jews of the Eastern Belarus to the Nazi genocide is a chapter of World War II history to which little attention has been paid. This article deals with the position and resistance of the Jewish population of the eastern regions of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) to the Nazi genocide during the German occupation in 1941–1944. The material presented here is the first attempt towards a comprehensive coverage of the activities of Jews concentrated in places of isolation to resist Nazi actions against the Jewish population. Materials from Belarusian, Israeli, German and Russian archives have substantially supplemented data from the author’s personal archive.
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Krasnozhenova, E. E., and E. A. Greben. "Forced Labor of the Population under the Nazi Occupation of 1941–1944 (Based on the Materials of the Border Territory of Belarus and the North-West of Russia)." Modern History of Russia 11, no. 4 (2021): 908–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2021.405.

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The article investigates features of forced labor in the border territory of Belarus and the North-West of Russia during Nazi occupation of 1941–1944. The Wehrmacht used forced labor both in Germany by hijacking Soviet citizens there, and in industrial enterprises and in agriculture of the occupied territories. The civilian population was involved in the performance of certain work in favor of the occupation authorities. Peasants, in addition to traditional agricultural work and payment of in-kind taxes, were often forcibly involved in performing horse — drawn duties, peat and logging, railway protection, and mine clearance. Citizens were actively used by the occupying authorities to construct defensive structures and to work at industrial enterprises. Refusal to work was punishable by a fine, deprivation of ration cards, corporal punishment, and sentencing to a labor camp or shooting. Forced to work in enterprises, institutions, and agriculture, the population received meager wages and food rations, and the vast majority of workers lived below the poverty line. A special place among the crimes of Nazism in the territory of the North-West of Russia and Belarus, where the occupation went on the longest, is occupied by the forcible deportation of the population to Germany. From some settlements, the occupation authorities sent entire local populations to Germany without regard to age, health, or family circumstances. To provide the Nazi economy with labor, the occupation authorities paid considerable attention to propaganda among the population and the organization of recruitment campaigns. However, this did not contribute to raising the number of volunteers; instead, local residents in the occupied regions sabotaged the orders of the German-fascist command.
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Wilk, Anna, Mateusz Zawadzki, Rafał Zapłata, Artur Obidziński, and Krzysztof Stereńczak. "Użytkowanie i ochrona Puszczy Białowieskiej w okresie II wojny światowej w świetle wybranych źródeł historycznych, kartograficznych i archeologicznych = Use and protection of the Białowieża Forest during World War II in the light of selected historical, cartographic and archaeological sources." Przegląd Geograficzny 93, no. 3 (2021): 445–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2021.3.6.

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During the Second World War, the area of what is today the Białowieża/Belovezhskaya Forest was first controlled by the Soviet Union (in the face of its incursion into Poland in the years 1939‑1941) and then under German Occupation (in the years 1941‑1944). The management of the Forest’s resources during that period has remained one of the lesser-known aspects of this renowned site’s history, hence the justification for the present article considering the scope of exploitation and protection of the Białowieża Forest during the War, on the basis of newly-identified documentation, as well as the results of remote sensing and archaeological resources. In the process, this article is also in a position to address the cognitive potential of sources of these kinds; and there is an expounding of the usefulness of interdisciplinary research when it comes to expanding and fleshing out knowledge of the impacts WW II exerted on the Forest. In the event, our analysis reveals rather similar approaches to the protection and exploitation of the Forest under both Occupants. During the Soviet Occupation, scientists’ efforts at protection could not prevent stands from being exploited at an intensity equivalent to at least 2.5 times the annual increment of wood, even if examples of plunder-felling are left aside. With the arrival of the Germans, the Forest was granted a status as a Third Reich State Hunting District whose consequence was displacement of most inhabitants, but stands were anyway exploited at an intensity equivalent to more than 1.5 times the annual increment of wood – if most probably by way of sanitation cutting alone. A valuable result of studying documentation from the State Archives of the Russian Federation is the way this reveals the aforementioned efforts by nature-conservation institutions and scientists from the USSR to protect the Forest – in the face of intensive utilisation ordered by the authorities of the BSSR and the USSR. Associated data, especially cartographic in nature, combined with the results of remote sensing and archaeological resources to permit development of a historical or archaeological GIS (H-GIS or A-GIS), with this constituting the first spatial database of its type providing for further research into this Forest’s history. The diagnosis further helped indicate areas worthy of future cognitive exploration. Of particular relevance here are changes in the spatial structure of forest reflecting felling by both Occupants; changes in settlement structure resulting from the displacement action followed by post-War re-colonisation of destroyed villages; and identified sites of hostilities. Postulates of the kind set here proved pursuable thanks to a combined analysis of textual, cartographic, remote-sensing and archaeological materials. Of equal further value might be large-scale field survey, e.g. using geophysical methods; as this would serve to augment the inventory of traces of armed conflicts, adding detail to what the authors were able to determine from the research in the state archives of Germany, Russia and Belarus, as well as in the Polish resources of the Archives of New Records and Central Military Archives. Together, such activity has allowed and will allow for a more accurate recognition of the transformations taking place in the Białowieża/ Belovezhskaya Forest during World War II.
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Tsimbal, Alexander G. "Everyday labour life in occupied Belarus in 1941–1944 (on the basis of the German trophy documents)." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-3-15-25.

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Everyday work of Belarusian citizens during the German occupation is explored on the basis of German trophy documents. The article is based on the materials of the Fund 378 of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus. The documents give an idea of many aspects of occupational life through the prism of the activities of one institution – the Main Railway Directorate «Minsk» and shed light on many «white spots» of the everyday work of the population of Belarus. The presented study aims, first of all, to introduce into scientific circulation a significant set of factual material on the problem of everyday work and the use of local people labour by the occupation authorities. That shows the problem from a new perspective and creates factual basis for further conceptual study of the issue. The German occupation authorities gave exceptional importance to the issue of gaining the support of the population of Belarus. With this purpose, they developed directive documents, analyzed the mood and labour potential of local workers. Using the method of «carrots and sticks», the railway management in occupied Belarus understood that it depended on the local population, therefore, in addition to repressive methods and the organization of the control system, the issues of providing products and creating social guarantees were raised. The wage premiums, bonuses, rewards, delivery of products and delicacies, charity and assistance to the families of employees were supposed to increase productivity and stimulate the work of local railway workers. However, the occupation authorities regularly noted a low desire to work and the escape of local workers to the partisans. The introduction to the scientific turnover of the information of the unique documents of Main Railway Directorate «Minsk» can not only significantly extend the factual basis of the research of the period of German occupation of Belarus, but also pose a number of theoretical questions. New documentary sources make it possible to add to the currently existing assessment of the use of labour by the local population solely as betrayal or forced slave labor. Using new sources and modern methodological approaches, the survival strategies of ordinary people under occupation should be analyzed. Information sources of the сollection of documents of the Main Railway Directorate «Minsk» raise questions about the conditions of survival of local workers at other enterprises, in other fields of labour and regions of the occupied territory of Belarus.
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Korsak, Alesya, and Elena Krasnozhenova. "Punitive operations and their victims: 1941—1944 (based on materials from Belarus and North West Russia)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 03 (March 1, 2021): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202103statyi07.

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The article deals with the Nazi occupation policy on the border territory of Belarus and the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War. The study of this problem is based on the materials of the Extraordinary State Commission and acts drawn up by the partisan command or underground authorities, as well as on the recollections of eyewitnesses of a later time. Mass graves of victims of Nazism found in Belarus and North-West Russia serve as reminders of the terrible days of the occupation.
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Alenius, Kari. "Balancing between dissent and conformity: Estonian self-administration under German occupation, 1941–1944." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 11, no. 1 (August 15, 2019): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v11i1_4.

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When Germany attacked the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, it also conquered the territory of Estonia by the end of the year. The German occupation administration of the new territories ruled by the Germans needed the help of local residents everywhere. For this purpose, a semi-autonomous (or quasi-autonomous) Estonian Self-Administration was established. Similar administrative bodies were established in Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus as well. Based on previous studies, it is known that the Estonian Self-Administration worked closely with the German occupation administration. Thus, it is partially responsible for crimes committed in the name of the national socialist ideology in Estonia. It is clear that the Estonian members of the organization were German-minded and at least accepted the German rule for the time being. Otherwise, they would not have been able to join the Self-Administration. However, in previous studies, little attention has been paid to how Estonians tried to balance the interests of Germany and Estonia. Based on the preserved archival material, it seems that the Estonian actors also tried to promote the national interests of the Estonians while cooperating with the Germans and working for them. The article is mainly based on the materials of the German Security Police and other German and Estonian archival material. In addition, the presentation analyzes how the Estonians who worked in the organization later described their wartime activities in their memoirs.
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Pushkarenko, Elena A. "German cultural policy and propaganda in the territory of the General district of Belarus in 1941–1944." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-2-167-174.

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The article deals with the problem of policy and propaganda in the field of culture of the German civil administration in the territory of the General District of Belarus. The aim of the research is to analyze the content of German propaganda materials in the field of culture, to determine its main directions, goals and effectiveness, as well as the content of the real occupation policy in the field of culture. Research methods-analysis and synthesis are applied in the article. The researcher comes to the conclusion that the true goals of German policy and propaganda in the field of culture were the desire to provide a calm rear, to attract the population of the district to solve their own economic problems. The author believes that the effectiveness of propaganda was leveled by the extremely brutal occupation regime, the policy of «scorched earth», methods of fighting partisans, recruiting ostarbeiters and partisan counter-propaganda.
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Peleshok, Olga. "Ternopil press of 1941–1944: Local History aspect." Obraz 34, no. 2 (2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2020.2(34)-63-71.

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The article is devoted to the study of materials of Ukrainian periodicals during the Nazi occupation as important components of coverage of local lore life of the population of Ternopil region during the war. The purpose of the study is а general review of the press during the German occupation of the region and a study of the problem-thematic component of the materials of the local history spectrum on the pages of these publications. The relevance of the study is that this press has recently become available to scholars, so this group of periodicals to this day remains poorly studied in journalism. It is shown that in the materials of local lore the geographical, economic, historical and literary-artistic themes are singled out as dominant. The conducted study showed that local lore in the periodicals of Ternopil region in 1941–1944 was one of the leading, through which the achievements of national thought were spread.
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Kmeťová, Marianna, and Marek Syrný. "The 1944 Warsaw Uprising." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-18-23.

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After the German campaign at the beginning of World War II (1939), Poland was divided between nazi Germany which occupied the west and center of the country, and the Soviet Union which occupying the Eastern regions. The controversial relationship with Moscow has seen several diametrical breaks from a positive alliance after the invasion of the Soviet Union by the Axis powers in 1941, to a very critical relationship with the USSR after the revelation of the so-called Katyn massacre in 1943. With the approach of the Eastern Front to the frontiers of pre-war Poland, massive Polish Resistance was also activated to get rid of nazi domination and to restore of pre-war Poland. The neutralization of possible claims by the Soviets on the disputed eastern areas (Western Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania), respectively to prevent the crushing sovietization of Poland, it was also intended to serve a clear and world-wide resistance act in the sense of liberating at least Warsaw from the German occupation. This was to prevent the repeat of the situation in the east of the country, where the Red Army and the Soviet authorities overlooked the merits and interests of the Polish Resistance and Polish authorities. The contribution will therefore focus on the analysis of the causes, assumptions, course and consequences of the ultimate outcome of the unsuccessful efforts of the Armia Krajowa and the Warsaw inhabitants to liberate the city on their own and to determine the free post-war existence of the country.
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Núñez Seixas, Xosé M. "Good Invaders? The Occupation Policy of the Spanish Blue Division in Northwestern Russia, 1941–1944." War in History 25, no. 3 (July 7, 2017): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344516666422.

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Between 1941 and 1944, the Spanish Division of Volunteers took part in the Russian campaign as a unit integrated in the German Wehrmacht. Post-1945 war memoirs and even some historians have suggested that the ‘Blue’ Division was exceptional for their benign treatment of civilians and prisoners, distanced from the German War of Extermination. This image has not been subjected to critical enquiry. To what degree were the Spanish troops different from other Wehrmacht troops? Was the collective behaviour of the Spanish soldiers determined by the circumstances they encountered at the front, or was it related to their prior political socialization?
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Belarus – History – German occupation, 1941-1944"

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Sirbu, Tatiana. "La politique des villages tsiganes en Bessarabie sous trois administrations: tsariste, roumaine et soviétique, 1812-1956." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209684.

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L’objet de cette recherche est la situation des Tsiganes de Bessarabie sous trois administrations :tsariste (1812-1918), roumaine (1918-1940, 1941-1944) et soviétique (1940-1941, 1944-156). Au niveau macro, nous nous sommes intéressés plus principalement à la politique des « villages tsiganes » qui est selon nous la plus révélatrice d’une continuité entre les trois administrations. Au niveau micro, nous avons suivi le parcours de quelques villages du centre et du sud de la Bessarabie sous ces trois administrations.

En schématisant, on peut affirmer que le régime tsariste a appliqué en Bessarabie une politique de sédentarisation forcée par ségrégation. Nous l’illustrons par le cas des « villages tsiganes » de Kair et Faraonovka. L’administration roumaine pendant la dictature d’Antonescu a appliqué une politique de déportation en dehors des frontières historiques de la Roumanie, même si au départ il était question de créer des « villages tsiganes » dans la région de Baragan dans la partie sud-est du pays. Le régime soviétique a opté pour une politique de ségrégation forcée par assimilation.


Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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BARANOVA, Olga. "Nationalism, Anti-Bolshevism or the will to survive : forms of Belarusian interaction with the German occupation authorities, 1941-1944." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10433.

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Defence date: 4 September 2008
Examining Board: Prof. Edward arfon Rees (EUI)-supervisor ; Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt (EUI) ; Prof. Hans Christian Gerlach (University of Bern) ; Prof. Geoffrey Swain (University of Glasgow)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
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Books on the topic "Belarus – History – German occupation, 1941-1944"

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Sozhzhennye derevni Belorussii 1941-1944: Dokumenty i materialy. Moskva: Fond Istoricheskai︠a︡ pami︠a︡tʹ, 2017.

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Krivosheĭ, Dmitriĭ Antonovich. Sudʹby narodov Belarusi pod okkupat︠s︡ieĭ (ii︠u︡nʹ 1944-ii︠u︡lʹ1944 g.). Moskva: Fond Istoricheskai︠a︡ pami︠a︡tʹ, 2017.

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Akulich, Margarita. Zhertvy Kholokosta v Belarusi. Moskva: Izdatelʹskie reshenii︠a︡ po lit︠s︡enzii Ridero, 2018.

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gosbezopasnosti, Soi͡uz veteranov, ed. Rassekrechennoe leto 1941 g.: Sbornik dokumentov i materialov. Moskva: Soi︠u︡z veteranov gosbezopasnosti, 2011.

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Kozak, K. I., A. V. Borisova, and G. L. Stuchinskai︠a︡. Lagerʹ smerti Osvent︠s︡im: Zhivye svidetelʹstva Belarusi. Minsk: "Litaratura i mastatstva", 2012.

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Akulich, Margarita. Orsha i evrei: Istorii︠a︡, Kholokost, nashi dni. Moskva: Izdatelʹskie reshenii︠a︡ po lit︠s︡enzii Ridero, 2018.

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Akulich, Margarita. Mogilev i evrei: Istorii︠a︡, Kholokost, nashi dni. Moskva: Izdatelʹskie reshenii︠a︡, 2018.

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Novikova, Li͡udmila (Li͡udmila Gennadʹevna), editor of compilation, ed. SSSR vo Vtoroĭ mirovoĭ voĭne: Okkupat͡sii͡a, kholokost, stalinizm = The Soviet Union in World War II : occupation, Holocaust, Stalinism. Moskva: ROSSPĖN (Rossiĭskai͡a politicheskai͡a ėnt͡siklopedii͡a), 2014.

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Akulich, Margarita. Nesvizh i evrei: Istorii︠a︡, Kholokost, nashi dni. Moskva: Izdatelʹskie reshenii︠a︡ po lit︠s︡enzii Ridero, 2018.

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General Korzh: Neizvestnye stranit︠s︡y ... Minsk: Izdatelʹskiĭ dom "Zvi︠a︡zda", 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Belarus – History – German occupation, 1941-1944"

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"The German occupation (1941–1944)." In History of Mathematics, 141–48. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/hmath/040/25.

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Cerovic, Masha. "Strangers in a strange land: Refugees in Belarusian society under German occupation (1941–1944)." In On the Social History of Persecution, 91–114. De Gruyter, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110789690-006.

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