Journal articles on the topic 'Behavioural intervention'
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1
Sheridan, Judith, and Matthew R. Sanders. "The Need for Effective Early Behavioural Family Interventions for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 13, no. 1 (May 1996): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027371.
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AbstractThere is a pressing need for the development of effective early family intervention programs for children showing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) behaviours with Conduct Disorder (CD) or Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) behaviours. Previous research has indicated that children with ADHD are at high risk of developing comorbid CD or ODD behaviours. In addition, it has been shown that ODD or CD behaviours in childhood tend to persist and to have adverse effects on later social adjustment. However, ODD or CD behaviours are not necessary concomitants of ADHD, and it has been demonstrated that behavioural intervention can have both short- and long-term beneficial effects for children showing early signs of ODD or CD behaviours. In the short term, behavioural family interventions may be able to reduce oppositional behaviour, particularly in the preschool years. In the long term, early intervention has been shown to reduce the incidence of later antisocial behaviour in children at risk for this developmental trajectory. In this paper, it will be argued that behavioural family interventions have not been effectively utilised or promulgated in the community for children with ADHD despite the demonstrated efficacy of these types of interventons. A model of a multilevel system of intervention that can be tailored to the individual family's needs is presented.
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Nogueira, Letícia Bicudo, Rupert Palme, and Olívia Mendonça-Furtado. "Give Them a Toy or Increase Time out of Kennel at Lawn Areas: What Is the Influence of These Interventions on Police Dogs’ Welfare?" Animals 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082264.
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This work was aimed at identifying the effectiveness of two interventions applied to a group of eight kennelled police dogs. Interventions consisted of access to a lawn area (350 m2) and “toy” (a 30 cm jute rag roll, hanging from the kennel ceiling), both available for 15 min a day, for four days in a row. We collected behavioural data and faecal samples for cortisol metabolites evaluation before, during and after interventions. Faecal cortisol metabolites levels were significantly reduced (Friedman, X2(3) = 12.450; p = 0.006) during the second round of intervention, regardless of the type of intervention, indicating that the interventions can have a beneficial cumulative effect. Regarding the frequency of stereotyped behaviour, cluster analysis identified two groups of individuals: (1) high-stereotyping individuals (n = 3) that had a tendency to reduce stereotyping behaviours in the lawn intervention when compared to toy intervention (Friedman, X2(3) = 2.530; p = 0.068), and (2) low-stereotyping animals (n = 5) that did not present significant behavioural changes during the experiment. The variety of behavioural and endocrine parameters evaluated highlights the need to account for the individual in behaviour and welfare research. Overall, our results suggest that even simple environmental enrichment can be an effective method to mitigate behaviour and physiological signs of stress.
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Bąbik, Katarzyna, Paweł Ostaszewski, and Andrea Horvath. "Nutritional versus behavioural intervention in children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 21, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2021.0001.
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Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of nutritional intervention compared to behavioural intervention to increase food acceptance and improve the nutritional status among children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Method: Six participants (3–4 years old) diagnosed with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder took part in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of the two interventions, either a nutritional or behavioural approach. Results: The percentage of food acceptance increased for patients in the behavioural intervention group, but not for the nutritional intervention group (until later implementation of behavioural intervention). Moreover, the z-score for body mass index increased only after implementing behavioural intervention. The total score on the Montreal Children’s Hospital Feeding Scale decreased only after implementation of intervention based on behavioural approach. Inappropriate mealtime behaviour decreased across all participants after implementation of behavioural intervention. Discussion: Behavioural intervention seems to be promising for children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder to increase the oral intake of solid food and improve their growth.
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Stubbs, R. James, Cristiana Duarte, Ruairi O’Driscoll, Jake Turicchi, Dominika Kwasnicka, Falko F. Sniehotta, Marta M. Marques, et al. "The H2020 “NoHoW Project”: A Position Statement on Behavioural Approaches to Longer-Term Weight Management." Obesity Facts 14, no. 2 (2021): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513042.
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There is substantial evidence documenting the effects of behavioural interventions on weight loss (WL). However, behavioural approaches to initial WL are followed by some degree of longer-term weight regain, and large trials focusing on evidence-based approaches to weight loss maintenance (WLM) have generally only demonstrated small beneficial effects. The current state-of-the-art in behavioural interventions for WL and WLM raises questions of (i) how we define the relationship between WL and WLM, (ii) how energy balance (EB) systems respond to WL and influence behaviours that primarily drive weight regain, (iii) how intervention content, mode of delivery and intensity should be targeted to keep weight off, (iv) which mechanisms of action in complex interventions may prevent weight regain and (v) how to design studies and interventions to maximise effective longer-term weight management. In considering these issues a writing team within the NoHoW Consortium was convened to elaborate a position statement, and behaviour change and obesity experts were invited to discuss these positions and to refine them. At present the evidence suggests that developing the skills to self-manage EB behaviours leads to more effective WLM. However, the effects of behaviour change interventions for WL and WLM are still relatively modest and our understanding of the factors that disrupt and undermine self-management of eating and physical activity is limited. These factors include physiological resistance to weight loss, gradual compensatory changes in eating and physical activity and reactive processes related to stress, emotions, rewards and desires that meet psychological needs. Better matching of evidence-based intervention content to quantitatively tracked EB behaviours and the specific needs of individuals may improve outcomes. Improving objective longitudinal tracking of energy intake and energy expenditure over time would provide a quantitative framework in which to understand the dynamics of behaviour change, mechanisms of action of behaviour change interventions and user engagement with intervention components to potentially improve weight management intervention design and evaluation.
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Chadwick, Oliver, Nataša Momčilović, Rowena Rossiter, Elise Stumbles, and Eric Taylor. "A RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF BRIEF INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP PARENT TRAINING FOR BEHAVIOUR PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE LEARNING DISABILITIES." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 2 (April 2001): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246580100203x.
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Primary school aged children with severe learning disabilities and behavioural problems were identified from those attending special needs schools in three adjacent Inner London boroughs. In two of the boroughs their parents/carers were randomly allocated to receive 5-7 group- or individually-based intervention sessions aimed at preventing or reducing their child's behaviour problems; teaching and support staff at their schools received a 2-day workshop with the same aims. Children in the third borough served as a “no treatment” control group. Follow-up assessments were carried out shortly after the interventions were completed and 6 months later. Individually-based intervention was superior to group-based intervention in acceptability, attendance, levels of participant satisfaction and the likelihood of reported behavioural improvement. Within the individual intervention group, behaviours that had been targeted for intervention were more likely to show improvements than those that were untargeted. However, in spite of these improvements, there were no significant differences between groups in the absolute frequency or severity of the child's behaviour problems at either post-intervention assessment, and reductions in levels of parental distress noted on completion of the interventions were no longer apparent 6 months later.
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Johnson, Brittany J., Kylie E. Hunter, Rebecca K. Golley, Paul Chadwick, Angie Barba, Mason Aberoumand, Sol Libesman, et al. "Unpacking the behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions in the TOPCHILD Collaboration: a systematic review and intervention coding protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): e048165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048165.
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IntroductionLittle is known about how early (eg, commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are not effective. This study aims to (1) characterise early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), (2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours and (3) explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity.Methods and analysisAnnual comprehensive systematic searches will be performed in Epub Ahead of Print/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, as well as clinical trial registries. Eligible randomised controlled trials of behavioural interventions to prevent childhood obesity commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth will be invited to join the Transforming Obesity in CHILDren Collaboration. Standard ontologies will be used to code target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs in both published and unpublished intervention materials provided by trialists. Narrative syntheses will be performed to summarise intervention components and compare applied BCTs by types of target behaviours. Exploratory analyses will be undertaken to assess effectiveness of intervention components.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (project no. 2020/273) and Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee (project no. HREC CIA2133-1). The study’s findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and targeted communication with key stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020177408.
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Mesman, Mathijs, Hanneke Hendriks, Simone Onrust, and Bas Van den Putte. "The Effects of Teacher Communication During a Health Intervention on Older Adolescents’ Predictors of Health Behaviour." European Journal of Health Communication 3, no. 3 (November 24, 2022): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47368/ejhc.2022.307.
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This study investigated the influence of teacher communication behaviours on predictors of alcohol use, snack intake, and physical exercise during a school-based health intervention. Additionally, we investigated whether students’ evaluations of the intervention mediated these effects. In a two-way prospective study, 389 adolescents (222 females; Mage = 16.64, SDage = 1.97) completed a survey. Key variables were teacher communication behaviours (i.e., clarity, verbal immediacy, and content relevance), predictors (i.e., attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioural control, and intentions) of alcohol use, snack intake, and physical exercise, and students’ evaluations of the health intervention were investigated. Results showed that teacher clarity resulted in significantly healthier injunctive norms and higher perceived behavioural control regarding alcohol use, and for exercise in significantly healthier attitudes, descriptive norms, and intentions to exercise. No effects of teacher clarity were found for snack intake. Furthermore, teacher clarity, verbal immediacy, and content relevance did not indirectly result in healthier predictors of health behaviour through evaluations of the intervention. Findings support the role of teacher clarity for intervention effectiveness, and advise designers of health interventions to incorporate the role of teacher clarity in their teacher training programs to achieve more desired changes in health behaviour.
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Hasselblad, Michele, Jay Morrison, Ruth Kleinpell, Reagan Buie, Deborah Ariosto, Erin Hardiman, Stephen W. Osborn, Samuel K. Nwosu, and Christopher Lindsell. "Promoting patient and nurse safety: testing a behavioural health intervention in a learning healthcare system: results of the DEMEANOR pragmatic, cluster, cross-over trial." BMJ Open Quality 11, no. 1 (February 2022): e001315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001315.
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BackgroundBased on clinical staff safety within a learning healthcare system, the purpose of this study was to test an innovative model of care for addressing disruptive behaviour in hospitalised patients to determine whether it should be scaled up at the system level.MethodsThe Disruptive bEhaviour manageMEnt ANd prevention in hospitalised patients using a behaviOuRal (DEMEANOR) intervention team was a pragmatic, cluster, cross-over trial. A behavioural intervention team (BIT) with a psychiatric mental health advanced practice nurse and a social worker, with psychiatrist consultation, switched between units each month and occurrences of disruptive behaviours (eg, documented violence control measures, violence risk) compared. Nursing surveys assessed self-perceived efficacy and comfort managing disruptive patient behaviour.ResultsA total of 3800 patients hospitalised on the two units met the criteria for inclusion. Of those, 1841 (48.4%) were exposed to the BIT intervention and 1959 (51.6%) were in the control group. A total of 11 132 individual behavioural issues associated with 203 patient encounters were documented. There were no differences in the use of behavioural interventions, violence risk or injurious behaviour or sitter use between patients exposed to BIT and those in the control group. Tracking these data did rely on nursing documentation of such events. Nurses (82 pre and 48 post) rated BIT as the most beneficial support they received to manage patients exhibiting disruptive, threatening or acting out behaviour.ConclusionsThe BIT intervention was perceived as beneficial by nurses in preparing them to provide care for patients exhibiting disruptive, threatening or acting out behaviour, but documented patient behaviour was not observed to change.Trial registration numberNCT03777241.
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Calvo, P., S. Pairet, M. Vila, J. Losada, J. Bowen, R. Cirac, A. Bulbena, A. Holloway, and J. Fatjó. "Dog assisted therapy for teenagers with emotional and behavioural issues: A multicentre study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S432—S433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.418.
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IntroductionFurther research is still needed to demonstrate the benefits of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) for specific participant profiles, such as children with behavioural disorders.ObjectivesWe wanted to find out if AAT could be considered an efficient therapeutic strategy for the treatment of children with behavioural disorders.AimsWe wanted to study the effects of a preestablished AAT program on the behaviour of children with emotional and behavioural issues in 6 different reception centres for children under government guardianship.MethodsForty-five children (12 to 17 years old) with emotional and behavioural issues participated in a 14-session AAT program. Behavioural measures were those routinely scored as part of therapy; an observational report of 3 different problematic behaviours (such as impulsivity, lack of social skills or lack of personal recognition) was made twice a week for each child (with a score of frequency and intensity). A pre- and post-treatment “global behaviour score” was calculated for each child, as an average value of the 3 problematic behaviours measured during the month pre-treatment and the month post-treatment.ResultsThe 45 participants attended, on average, 72.8% of AAT sessions. Independent behaviour scores differed between the pre- and post-intervention evaluations (n = 135 behaviours) (Wilcoxon test; P < 0.0001). Based on the global behaviour score for each child (n = 45), significant change was found between pre- and post-intervention evaluations (Wilcoxon test; P = 0.0011).ConclusionsOur results suggest AAT could be a beneficial intervention for children with behavioural issues in terms of program adherence and behaviour improvement.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Adewoyin, Oluwande, Janet Wesson, and Dieter Vogts. "The PBC Model: Supporting Positive Behaviours in Smart Environments." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 9626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249626.
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Several behavioural problems exist in office environments, including resource use, sedentary behaviour, cognitive/multitasking, and social media. These behavioural problems have been solved through subjective or objective techniques. Within objective techniques, behavioural modelling in smart environments (SEs) can allow the adequate provision of services to users of SEs with inputs from user modelling. The effectiveness of current behavioural models relative to user-specific preferences is unclear. This study introduces a new approach to behavioural modelling in smart environments by illustrating how human behaviours can be effectively modelled from user models in SEs. To achieve this aim, a new behavioural model, the Positive Behaviour Change (PBC) Model, was developed and evaluated based on the guidelines from the Design Science Research Methodology. The PBC Model emphasises the importance of using user-specific information within the user model for behavioural modelling. The PBC model comprised the SE, the user model, the behaviour model, classification, and intervention components. The model was evaluated using a naturalistic-summative evaluation through experimentation using office workers. The study contributed to the knowledge base of behavioural modelling by providing a new dimension to behavioural modelling by incorporating the user model. The results from the experiment revealed that behavioural patterns could be extracted from user models, behaviours can be classified and quantified, and changes can be detected in behaviours, which will aid the proper identification of the intervention to provide for users with or without behavioural problems in smart environments.
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Bremer, Emily, and Meghann Lloyd. "Baseline behaviour moderates movement skill intervention outcomes among young children with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 25, no. 7 (April 22, 2021): 2025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211009347.
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This study examined whether adaptive behaviour, emotional and behavioural challenges, and social skills, respectively, moderated the effect of a movement skill intervention on movement skills among preschool aged children with autism spectrum disorder. Twenty-seven participants with autism spectrum disorder ( N = 13 experimental) between 3 and 5 years of age participated in a 12-week fundamental movement skill intervention. Movement skills were assessed at baseline and post-test. Adaptive behaviour, emotional and behavioural challenges, and social skills were assessed at baseline. A repeated-measures analysis of variance tested the group by time effect on movement skills. Three separate moderation analyses were then run to test the moderating effect of adaptive behaviour, emotional and behavioural challenges, and social skills, respectively, on the relationship between group assignment and movement skills at the post-test. The experimental group significantly improved their movement skills following the intervention ( p = 0.02, ηp2=.19). The moderation analyses showed that adaptive behaviour ( b( SE) = 0.86 (0.41), p < 0.05) and emotional and behavioural challenges ( b( SE) = −1.5 (0.8), p = 0.06) at baseline moderated the association between group and post-test movement skills, when controlling for baseline movement skills. These findings may help caregivers and clinicians individualize treatment plans in regard to movement skill interventions for preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract It is common for children with autism spectrum disorder to experience delays in their movement skills. These skills are important for participation in play and physical activity. Previous research has found that movement skills can be improved with movement skill interventions. This study explored the behavioural factors of young children with autism spectrum disorder that make them most likely to improve their movement skills following a 12-week intervention. The study found that children with higher levels of adaptive behaviour and lower levels of emotional and behavioural challenges at the start of the intervention were more likely to have greater improvements in their movement skills following the intervention. These findings may help clinicians and caregivers plan which types of interventions are best suited for individual children with autism spectrum disorder.
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Bennett-Stewart, A. "P017 A Model for Behavioural Sleep Intervention via Telehealth for Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.090.
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Abstract Approximately 1 in 150 people in Australia are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017). Studies suggest up to 80% of children diagnosed with ASD experience sleep difficulties (Cortesi et al., 2010). Behavioural sleep intervention is effective to improve sleep difficulties for children diagnosed with ASD (Jin, Hanley & Beaulieu, 2013). Additionally, caregiver support via telehealth can provide clients with greater access and flexibility of services. This paper will explore the current research on behavioural sleep intervention from a Behaviour-Analytic perspective and provide a model for behavioural sleep intervention via telehealth. This three-phase model includes: (1) an initial comprehensive behavioural sleep assessment, including the Sleep Assessment and Treatment Tool (Hanley, 2005) and baseline data collection to gather information on the child’s current sleep schedule and behaviours, (2) supporting caregiver implementation of an individualised behavioural sleep intervention via telehealth, including daily data collection and graphing to monitor efficacy throughout the intervention, and (3) ongoing review and revision alongside the caregiver until their and their child’s sleep goal has been achieved. By providing evidence-based behavioural sleep intervention via telehealth, children diagnosed with ASD can achieve healthy sleep.
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Bahrin, Farhana Kamarul, and Azlinda Azman. "The changes of level of knowledge, perception and behaviour of secondary school students on HIV/AIDS in Penang: Pre and post intervention." International journal of health sciences 6, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 771–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n2.7991.
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The objectives of this study is to analyze the level of knowledge, perceptions and behaviour of school adolescents on HIV/AIDS before and after the application of the HIV AIDS intervention module. This study involved 600 students aged 15, 16 and 17 years old in Penang, through three sessions involving pre-test, intervention and post-test. The results showed that there was a positive changes in the level of knowledge, perceptions and behaviours of the respondents after the intervention process was carried out using the modules. The hypothesis test for knowledge has shown that there is a change in the level of knowledge of the respondents after receiving information on HIV/AIDS (t = -46.561, sig. <0.05 and post knowledge’s mean was 13.813 is higher than pre knowledge’s mean, 8.715). In terms of behaviour, there was also a change in the negative behaviour of the respondents after information sharing interventions on HIV/AIDS (t = -8.716 and sig. <0.05 and post behavioural’s mean was 4.067, higher than the pre behavioural mean).
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Gómez-Gallego, María, Juan Cándido Gómez-Gallego, María Gallego-Mellado, and Javier García-García. "Comparative Efficacy of Active Group Music Intervention versus Group Music Listening in Alzheimer’s Disease." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158067.
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Background: Music interventions are promising therapies for the management of symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Globally, music interventions can be classified as active or receptive depending on the participation of the subjects. Active and receptive music tasks engage different brain areas that might result in distinctive clinical effects. This study aims to compare the clinical effects of two types of music interventions and a control activity. Methods: Ninety AD patients from six nursing homes participated in the study. Nursing homes were randomly and blindly assigned to receive either active music intervention, receptive music intervention, or the usual care. Effects on cognition, behaviour, daily living activities, and motor function were assessed. Results: Active music intervention improved cognition, behaviour, and functional state in a higher extent than both receptive music intervention and usual care. The effect size of active music intervention for cognitive deficits and behavioural symptoms was large (η2 = 0.62 and 0.61, respectively), while for functional state, it was small-to-medium sized (η2 = 0.18). Receptive music intervention had a stabilizing effect on behavioural symptoms compared to control intervention (mean change from baseline ± standard deviation = −0.76 ± 3.66 and 3.35 ± 3.29, respectively). In the active music intervention, the percentage of patients who showed improvement in cognitive deficits (85.7), behavioural symptoms (92.9), and functional state (46.4) was higher than in both receptive listening (11.8, 42.9, and 14.3, respectively) and control group (6.3, 12.2, and 17.1, respectively). Conclusions: Active music intervention is useful to improve symptoms of AD and should be prescribed as a complement to the usual treatment.
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Len, Nasir, Amalia Madihie, and Salmah Mohamad Yusoff. "Development, Validity and Reliability of Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI)." Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 6, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.1992.2020.
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the validity and reliability of Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI) which focusing on the resilience of adolescents with behavioural problems. CTI is developed based on Cognitive Theory and the Sidek Module Development Model. The CTI has eight interventions. The CTI manuscript was distributed to five content experts to determine intervention’s validity. The finding shows that the validity index 0.87 was obtained. Meanwhile, thirty two adolescents were selected to measure the reliability of each intervention by evaluating the objectives in each intervention session. As a result, the reliability index 0.85 was obtained. From these two indexes, the Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI) possesses high validity and good reliability, and is ready to use. The intervention implies the counselling intervention in working resilience of adolescents with behavioural behaviour. This CTI is recommended to be used by school counsellor to handle adolescents with behavioural problems.
Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Intervention, Validity, Reliability, Resilience, Adolescent
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Gao, Xiaoli, Mun Loke Wong, Ashish Chetan Kalhan, Joshua Jiaming Xie, Hamzah Siti Hajar, Alvin Boon Keng Yeo, and Patrick Finbarr Allen. "Theory-derived intervention to improve oral health of older adults: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e064791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064791.
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IntroductionChanging health behaviours is an important and difficult task. Despite growing interest in behavioural theories and models, there is a paucity of research examining their validity in explaining oral health behaviours, and there is a need for interventional studies to assess their effectiveness in improving oral health. This study aims to test the explanatory power of the dominant psychological theories, develop theory-derived intervention and evaluate its effectiveness in improving oral health of older adults.Methods and analysis440 community dwelling older adults will be recruited. To be eligible for this trial, one needs to be 55–79 years old, having at least 8 natural teeth, and with no life-threatening disease, impaired cognitive function, or radiotherapy in the head and neck region. At the initial visit, each participant will be required to complete a detailed questionnaire which collects information on sociodemographic background, oral health behaviours and domains of three psychological theories and models: (1) health belief model, (2) theory of planned behaviour and (3) social cognitive theory. The theory or model that best explains the health behaviours will be selected for designing the oral health intervention. The effectiveness of the theory-derived intervention will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups, receiving theory-derived intervention and conventional health education, respectively. At baseline and at 12 and 24 months post intervention, each participant will complete a short questionnaire and undergo an oral examination (dental check-up). The effectiveness of the interventions will be evaluated using behavioural outcomes (diet, toothbrushing, interdental cleaning) and clinical outcomes (oral hygiene, dental caries and periodontal conditions).Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of National University of Singapore (Ref: NUS-IRB-2020-417). Findings will be presented in international conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04946292.
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Leach, David J., and Alan Ralph. "Home-School Reinforcement: A Case Study." Behaviour Change 3, no. 1 (March 1986): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900009128.
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A home-based reinforcement programme was implemented to decrease classroom rule violations by a 16-year-old boy with a long history of disruptive behaviour in a secondary school classroom. The critical features of the intervention are described and discussed, including the fading procedure employed to maintain the behavioural gains exhibited during the programme's operation. The usefulness of minimal interventions, such as home-based reinforcement programmes, in the management of problem behaviour in schools is discussed, and comment is made on some possible benefits to behavioural practice of the collaborative style of intervention exemplified.
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van Doorn-van Atten, Marije, Lisette de Groot, Jeanne de Vries, and Annemien Haveman-Nies. "Determinants of Behaviour Change in a Multi-Component Telemonitoring Intervention for Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081062.
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Optimal diet quality and physical activity levels are essential for healthy ageing. This study evaluated the effects of a multi-component telemonitoring intervention on behavioural determinants of diet quality and physical activity in older adults, and assessed the mediating role of these determinants and two behaviour change techniques in the intervention’s effects. A non-randomised controlled design was used including 214 participants (average age 80 years) who were allocated to the intervention or control group based on municipality. The six-month intervention consisted of self-measurements of nutritional outcomes and physical activity, education, and follow-up by a nurse. The control group received regular care. Measurements took place at baseline, after 4.5 months and at the end of the study. The intervention increased self-monitoring and improved knowledge and perceived behavioural control for physical activity. Increased self-monitoring mediated the intervention’s effect on diet quality, fruit intake, and saturated fatty acids intake. Improved knowledge mediated the effect on protein intake. Concluding, this intervention led to improvements in behavioural determinants of diet quality and physical activity. The role of the hypothesised mediators was limited. Insight into these mechanisms of impact provides directions for future development of nutritional eHealth interventions for older adults, in which self-monitoring may be a promising behaviour change technique. More research is necessary into how behaviour change is established in telemonitoring interventions for older adults.
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Reddy, T. Anitha. "Behavioural Intervention for Children with Intellectual Disability having Autism." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 12 (October 1, 2011): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2013/133.
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T. Woods, Damith, Cathy Catroppa, Celia Godfrey, and Vicki A. Anderson. "Long-term maintenance of treatment effects following intervention for families with children who have acquired brain injury." Social Care and Neurodisability 5, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scn-01-2014-0001.
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Purpose – Where no psychosocial or interventional support is provided, children with acquired brain injury (ABI) are at significant risk of serious long-term behavioural and social difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to report the six- and 18-month long-term treatment effects of a family centred behavioural intervention to help families manage and prevent challenging behaviours in children following ABI. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 31 parents were followed up at three time points (post-intervention, 6 and 18 months) after participating in an ABI adapted manualised “Signposts for Building Better Behaviour” programme (Hudson et al., 2003). Findings – Attrition rates were highest amongst families caring for a child with mild ABI. The maintenance of treatment effects were detailed for those families who reported a reduction in challenging behaviour immediately post-intervention. There were no significant elevations in challenging child behaviour, maladaptive parenting, or family dysfunction for any participants over the long-term follow-up. Irrespective of injury severity, parents reported high levels of satisfaction and efficacy in the parenting role at 18 months post-intervention. Originality/value – “Signposts” has further demonstrated its clinical viability by meeting the needs of parents who have a child with ABI in both the short- and longer-term.
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Atkins, Lou, and Susan Michie. "Designing interventions to change eating behaviours." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 74, no. 2 (May 2015): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665115000075.
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Understanding and changing eating behaviours are central to the work of Nutrition Society members working in both research and applied settings. The present paper describes a recently published resource to guide the design of interventions to change behaviour, The Behaviour Change Wheel: A Guide to Designing Interventions (BCW Guide). This is a practical guide to intervention design that brings together recently-developed theory-based tools in behavioural science into a coherent step-by-step design process. It is based on the BCW, a synthesis of nineteen frameworks of behaviour change found in the research literature. The BCW has at its core a model of behaviour known as ‘capability’, ‘opportunity’, ‘motivation’ and ‘behaviour’. The model recognises that behaviour is part of an interacting system involving all these components. The BCW identifies different intervention options that can be applied to changing each of the components and policies that can be adopted to deliver those intervention options. The book shows how the BCW links to theory-based frameworks to understand behaviour such as the Theoretical Domains Framework and the recently developed Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 for specifying intervention content. In essence, it shows how to link what is understood about a given behaviour to types of intervention likely to be effective and then translate this into a locally relevant intervention. In addition, the present paper sets out some principles of intervention design.
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Camp, Jake, Kerry Joy, and Mark Freestone. "Does “Enhanced Support” for Offenders Effectively Reduce Custodial Violence and Disruption? An Evaluation of the Enhanced Support Service Pilot." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 12 (January 11, 2018): 3928–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17752254.
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This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of The Enhanced Support Service (ESS) pilot in reducing custodial violence and disruption, and the associated costs, by observing the behavioural change of the 35 service users who participated in ESS intervention within its first 22 months of operation. Frequencies of recorded incidents of aggressive behaviours, self-harming behaviours, noncompliance, and positive behaviours were counted from routine administrative systems using a coding structure developed in previous studies. The count data were analysed using nonparametric tests and Poisson regression models to derive an Incident Rate Ratio (IRR). Findings suggest the ESS is associated with a reduction in aggressive behaviours and noncompliance, with medium to large effect sizes ( r = .31-.53); however, it was not associated with a reduction in deliberate self-harm or increased positive behaviours. The Poisson models revealed that levels of pre-intervention behaviour, intervention length, intervention completion, and service location had varying effects on postintervention behaviour, with those who completed intervention demonstrating more favourable outcomes. The ESS service model was associated with a reduction in behaviour that challenges, which has implications for the reduction in associated social, economic, and political costs—as well as the commissioning of interventions and future research in this area.
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Escañuela Sanchez, Tamara, Molly Byrne, Sarah Meaney, Keelin O'Donoghue, and Karen Matvienko-Sikar. "A protocol for a systematic review of behaviour change techniques used in the context of stillbirth prevention." HRB Open Research 4 (August 19, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13375.1.
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Background: Stillbirth is a devastating pregnancy outcome that affects approximately 3.5 per 1000 births in high-income countries. Previous research has highlighted the importance of focusing prevention efforts on targeting risk factors and vulnerable groups. A wide range of risk factors has been associated with stillbirth before, including maternal behaviours such as back sleep position, smoking, alcohol intake, illicit drug use, and inadequate attendance at antenatal care. Given the modifiable nature of these risk factors, there has been an increase in the design of behaviour change interventions targeting such behaviours to reduce the risk of stillbirth. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify all behavioural interventions with a behavioural component designed and trialled for the prevention of stillbirth in high-income countries, and to identify the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used in such interventions using the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy V1 (BCTTv1). Inclusion criteria: Interventions will be included in this review if they (1) have the objective of reducing stillbirth rates with a focus on behavioural risk factors; (2) are implemented in high-income countries; (3) target pregnant women or women of childbearing age; and (4) are published in research articles. Methods: A systematic search of the literature will be conducted. The results of the search will be screened against our inclusion criteria by two authors. The following data items will be extracted from the selected papers: general information, study characteristics, participant and intervention/approach details. The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) risk of bias criteria will be used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Intervention content will be coded for BCTs as present (+) or absent (-) by two authors using the BCTTv1, discrepancies will be discussed with a third author. A narrative synthesis approach will be used to present the results of this systematic review.
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Escañuela Sánchez, Tamara, Molly Byrne, Sarah Meaney, Keelin O'Donoghue, and Karen Matvienko-Sikar. "A protocol for a systematic review of behaviour change techniques used in the context of stillbirth prevention." HRB Open Research 4 (March 11, 2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13375.2.
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Background: Stillbirth is a devastating pregnancy outcome that affects approximately 3.5 per 1000 births in high-income countries. Previous research has highlighted the importance of focusing prevention efforts on targeting risk factors and vulnerable groups. A wide range of risk factors has been associated with stillbirth before, including maternal behaviours such as back sleep position, smoking, alcohol intake, illicit drug use, and inadequate attendance at antenatal care. Given the modifiable nature of these risk factors, there has been an increase in the design of behaviour change interventions targeting such behaviours to reduce the risk of stillbirth. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify all behavioural interventions with a behavioural component designed and trialled for the prevention of stillbirth in high-income countries, and to identify the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used in such interventions using the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy V1 (BCTTv1). Inclusion criteria: Interventions will be included in this review if they (1) have the objective of reducing stillbirth rates with a focus on behavioural risk factors; (2) are implemented in high-income countries; (3) target pregnant women or women of childbearing age; and (4) are published in research articles. Methods: A systematic search of the literature will be conducted. The results of the search will be screened against our inclusion criteria by two authors. The following data items will be extracted from the selected papers: general information, study characteristics, participant and intervention/approach details. The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) risk of bias criteria will be used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Intervention content will be coded for BCTs as present (+) or absent (-) by two authors using the BCTTv1, discrepancies will be discussed with a third author. A narrative synthesis approach will be used to present the results of this systematic review.
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Blake, Jasmine M., Eric Rubenstein, Peng-Chou Tsai, Hafizur Rahman, Sarah R. Rieth, Hasmot Ali, and Li-Ching Lee. "Lessons learned while developing, adapting and implementing a pilot parent-mediated behavioural intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder in rural Bangladesh." Autism 21, no. 5 (April 3, 2017): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316683890.
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Low- and middle-income countries often have limited resources, underdeveloped health systems and scarce knowledge of autism spectrum disorder. The objectives of this preliminary study were to develop and adapt intervention materials and to train a native clinician to implement a community-based parent-mediated behavioural intervention in rural Gaibandha, Bangladesh. Intervention materials to support parents’ use of behavioural strategies were developed and refined by US behavioural intervention experts and Bangladesh field experts. Study investigators trained a native child psychologist in developmental milestones and behavioural intervention techniques. The native clinician delivered a 1-day group education session attended by 10 families of children aged 7–9 years with autism spectrum disorder, followed by two one-on-one training sessions with each family to train and practice individualized strategies for targeted challenging behaviours. Preliminary qualitative results indicate the importance of materials that are culturally appropriate and at an adequate literacy level. All families expressed strong desires to have learned the behavioural strategies when their child was younger and vocalized their need for further support and tools to help their children. This study is a preliminary step to creating sustainable and low-cost autism spectrum disorder interventions in rural Bangladesh, and possibly for families in regions with similar cultural and socioeconomic status backgrounds.
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Afrasiabi Navan, Azadeh, and Ali Khaleghi. "Using Gamification to Improve the Quality of Educating Children with Autism." Revista Científica 1, no. 37 (January 1, 2020): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/23448350.15431.
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This study was conducted with a pre-test–post-test design with a control group in which participants were divided into two experimental (ten persons) and control (ten persons) groups. The Smile 1 intervention took place in 16 sessions of 30 min, which consisted of eight sessions of 1 h owing to the time spent by the parents of the participants in the study. Additionally, a Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) was used to measure the effectiveness of this interventional game on reducing the behavioural problems of children that participated. The questionnaire consists of 113 questions in which 13 different behavioural factors are identified in the children. For this purpose, pre-test and post-test stages were performed for both groups. In fact, due to time constraints for holding intervention sessions, it was expected from the outset that significant changes in participant behaviour during the two months of interventions would not be observed.
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Cotterill, Sarah, Peter John, and Marie Johnston. "How can better monitoring, reporting and evaluation standards advance behavioural public policy?" Policy & Politics 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557320x15955052119363.
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Behavioural public policy interventions have been implemented across the world, targeting citizens, professionals, politicians and policymakers. This article examines poor quality reporting of interventions and methods in some behavioural public policy research. We undertake a review of existing reporting standards to assess their suitability for the behavioural public policy context. Our findings reveal that the adoption of standards can improve the reliability and reproducibility of research; provide a more robust evidence base from which to generalise findings; and convince sceptics of the value of behavioural public policy research. We conclude that use of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTTv1) would add rigour to intervention reporting. We argue there is a need for a combined tool to guide the design and reporting of randomised controlled trials, incorporating elements from the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist and other sources.
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Evangelidis, Nicole, Jonathan Craig, Adrian Bauman, Karine Manera, Valeria Saglimbene, and Allison Tong. "Lifestyle behaviour change for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e031625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031625.
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ObjectivesModifying lifestyle can prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) but the specific elements which lead to favourable behaviour change are not well understood. We aimed to identify and evaluate behaviour change techniques and functions in lifestyle interventions for preventing the progression of CKD.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO.Eligibility criteriaTrials of lifestyle behaviour change interventions (including diet, physical activity, smoking and/or alcohol) published to September 2018 in adults with CKD stages 1–5.Data extraction and synthesisTrial characteristics including population, sample size, study setting, intervention, comparator, outcomes and study duration, were extracted. Study quality was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 was used to identify behaviour change techniques (eg, goal setting) and the Health Behaviour Change Wheel was used to identify intervention functions (eg, education). Both were independently assessed by three reviewers.ResultsIn total, 26 studies involving 4263 participants were included. Risk of bias was high or unclear in most studies. Interventions involved diet (11), physical activity (8) or general lifestyle (7). Education was the most frequently used function (21 interventions), followed by enablement (18), training (12), persuasion (4), environmental restructuring (4), modelling (2) and incentivisation (2). The most common behaviour change techniques were behavioural instruction (23 interventions), social support (16), behavioural demonstration (13), feedback on behaviour (12) and behavioural practice/rehearsal (12). Eighteen studies (69%) showed a significant improvement in at least one primary outcome, all of which included education, persuasion, modelling and incentivisation.ConclusionLifestyle behaviour change interventions for CKD patients frequently used education, goal setting, feedback, monitoring and social support. The most promising interventions included education and used a variety of intervention functions (persuasion, modelling and incentivisation).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019106053.
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Tanna, Nuttan K., Emma C. Alexander, Charlotte Lee, Monica Lakhanpaul, Rickin M. Popat, Pamela Almeida-Meza, Alice Tuck, Logan Manikam, and Mitch Blair. "Interventions to improve vitamin D status in at-risk ethnic groups during pregnancy and early childhood: a systematic review." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 11 (February 17, 2021): 3498–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021000756.
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AbstractObjective:To systematically review the literature with the primary aim of identifying behavioural interventions to improve vitamin D stores in children from at-risk ethnic groups.Design:Review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017080932. Health Behaviour Model and Behaviour Change Wheel framework constructs used to underpin evaluation of interventions. Methodological quality evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias, Cochrane ROBINS-I and NHLBI tools.Setting:Databases Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL with secondary search of Google Scholar. No country limits set. Papers between January 1990 and February 2018, published in English included. Anticipating study heterogeneity, outcome measures not pre-specified and identified from individual full papers. Updated literature search November 2020.Participants:Patient or population including pregnant women, newborns and children aged under 18 years, from Asian or African ethnic groups.Results:Of 10 690 articles screened, 298 underwent full-text review, with 24 ultimately included for data extraction. All identified studies conducted a vitamin D pharmacological supplementation intervention, with two also incorporating a behavioural intervention strategy. No study explicitly defined a primary aim of evaluating a behavioural intervention, undertaken to study its effect on vitamin D supplement uptake.Conclusions:There is a need to address the paucity of data in ethnic at-risk children on how behavioural interventions ideally developed and co-produced with the community under study, affect and help improve vitamin D uptake, within the antenatal and pregnancy phase as well as during childhood.
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Powdrill-Wells, Natalie, Sienna Taylor, and Vicky Melfi. "Reducing Dog Relinquishment to Rescue Centres Due to Behaviour Problems: Identifying Cases to Target with an Advice Intervention at the Point of Relinquishment Request." Animals 11, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 2766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102766.
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Behaviour problems are a leading reason for dogs being relinquished to rescue centres across the world every year. The aim of this study was to investigate whether free behavioural advice would be accepted at the point of an owner requesting to relinquish their dog for behavioural reasons. The call records of 1131 relinquishment requests were reviewed and analysed to establish if the offer of free behaviour advice was accepted. The results showed that advice was accepted in 24.4% of relinquishment requests and behavioural problem was a significant predictor of whether advice was accepted (p < 0.001). The odds of advice being accepted were 5.755 times (95% CI: 2.835–11.681; p < 0.001) greater for a relinquishment request due to problems with general management behaviours compared to aggression between dogs in the home, representing 4.2% and 20.2% of overall relinquishment requests. These data suggest that owners are prepared to accept behaviour advice at the point of relinquishment request, so advice interventions could have potential to impact the levels of dog relinquishment to rescue centres. The impact of an intervention offering behaviour advice may be limited by overall levels of advice acceptance by owners and therefore complimentary proactive solutions to reduce behavioural relinquishments should also be considered.
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Bilsker, Dan, John Anderson, Joti Samra, Elliot Goldner, and David Streiner. "Behavioural Interventions in Primary Care: An Implementation Trial." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 27, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2008-0027.
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Developing effective strategies to keep health care providers' practice current with best practice guidelines has proven to be challenging. This trial was conducted to determine the potential for using brief educational sessions to generate significant change in physician delivery of mental health and substance use interventions in primary care. A 1-hour educational session outlining interventions for depression and risky alcohol use was delivered to a sample of 85 family physicians. The interventions used a supported self-management approach and included free patient access to appropriate selfmanagement resources. The study initially evaluated physicians' implementation of these interventions over a 2-month period. Physician uptake of the depression intervention was significantly greater than uptake of the risky-drinking intervention (32% versus 10%). A follow-up at 6-months posttraining (depression intervention only) demonstrated fairly good maintenance of intervention delivery. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Tsui, Genevieve Hin Ha, and M. D. Rutherford. "Video Self-Modeling Is an Effective Intervention for an Adult with Autism." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/425897.
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With the increases in size and strength that come with adulthood, challenging behaviours among those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can become critical. Few studies have explored behavioural interventions in adults with ASD, though recent studies have shown video self-modeling (VSM) to be effective in children with ASD. VSM involves an individual watching videos of himself demonstrating prosocial behaviours, while those behaviours are pointed out and encouraged. In the current study, VSM was used to encourage prosocial behaviours and to reduce problematic behaviour displayed by an adult with ASD. Results reveal a decrease in the tendency to invade others’ personal space and make inappropriate loud noises. VSM may be an effective intervention and improve the lives of adults with ASD.
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Amirova, Aliya, Theodora Fteropoulli, Paul Williams, and Mark Haddad. "Efficacy of interventions to increase physical activity for people with heart failure: a meta-analysis." Open Heart 8, no. 1 (June 2021): e001687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001687.
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ObjectivesThis meta-analysis aims to (1) evaluate the efficacy of physical activity interventions in heart failure and (2) to identify intervention characteristics significantly associated with the interventions’ efficacy.MethodsRandomised controlled trials reporting intervention effects on physical activity in heart failure were combined in a meta-analysis using a random-effect model. Exploratory meta-analysis was performed by specifying the general approach (eg, cardiac rehabilitation), strategies used (eg, action planning), setting (eg, centre based), mode of delivery (eg, face to face or online), facilitator (eg, nurse), contact time and behavioural change theory use as predictors in the random-effect model.ResultsInterventions (n=21) had a significant overall effect (SMD=0.54, 95% CI (0.13 to 0.95), p<0.0005). Combining an exercise programme with behavioural change intervention was found efficacious (SMD=1.26, 95% CI (0.26 to 2.26), p<0.05). Centre-based (SMD=0.98, 95% CI (0.35 to 1.62), and group-based (SMD=0.89, 95% CI (0.29 to 1.50),) delivery by a physiotherapist (SMD=0.84, 95% CI (0.03 to 1.65),) were significantly associated with efficacy. The following strategies were identified efficacious: prompts/cues (SMD=3.29, 95% CI (1.97 to 4.62)), credible source (standardised mean difference, SMD=2.08, 95% CI (0.95;3.22)), adding objects to the environment (SMD=1.47, 95% CI (0.41 to 2.53)), generalisation of the target behaviour SMD=1.32, 95% CI (0.22 to 2.41)), monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback (SMD=1.02, 95% CI (0.05 to 1.98)), self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour (SMD=0.79, 95% CI (0.06 to 1.52), graded tasks (SMD=0.73, 95% CI (0.22 to 1.24)), behavioural practice/rehearsal (SMD=0.72, 95% CI (0.26 to 1.18)), action planning (SMD=0.62, 95% CI (0.03 to 1.21)) and goal setting (behaviour) (SMD=0.56, 95% CI (0.03 to 1.08)).ConclusionThe meta-analysis suggests intervention characteristics that may be suitable for promoting physical activity in heart failure. There is moderate evidence in support of an exercise programme combined with a behavioural change intervention delivered by a physiotherapist in a group-based and centre-based settings.PROSPERO registerationCRD42015015280.
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Williams, Kendra N., Lisa M. Thompson, Zoe Sakas, Mayari Hengstermann, Ashlinn Quinn, Anaité Díaz-Artiga, Gurusamy Thangavel, et al. "Designing a comprehensive behaviour change intervention to promote and monitor exclusive use of liquefied petroleum gas stoves for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e037761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037761.
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IntroductionIncreasing use of cleaner fuels, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and abandonment of solid fuels is key to reducing household air pollution and realising potential health improvements in low-income countries. However, achieving exclusive LPG use in households unaccustomed to this type of fuel, used in combination with a new stove technology, requires substantial behaviour change. We conducted theory-grounded formative research to identify contextual factors influencing cooking fuel choice to guide the development of behavioural strategies for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. The HAPIN trial will assess the impact of exclusive LPG use on air pollution exposure and health of pregnant women, older adult women, and infants under 1 year of age in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda.MethodsUsing the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation–Behaviour (COM–B) framework and Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to guide formative research, we conducted in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations, key informant interviews and pilot studies to identify key influencers of cooking behaviours in the four countries. We used these findings to develop behavioural strategies likely to achieve exclusive LPG use in the HAPIN trial.ResultsWe identified nine potential influencers of exclusive LPG use, including perceived disadvantages of solid fuels, family preferences, cookware, traditional foods, non-food-related cooking, heating needs, LPG awareness, safety and cost and availability of fuel. Mapping formative findings onto the theoretical frameworks, behavioural strategies for achieving exclusive LPG use in each research site included free fuel deliveries, locally acceptable stoves and equipment, hands-on training and printed materials and videos emphasising relevant messages. In the HAPIN trial, we will monitor and reinforce exclusive LPG use through temperature data loggers, LPG fuel delivery tracking, in-home observations and behavioural reinforcement visits.ConclusionOur formative research and behavioural strategies can inform the development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of theory-informed strategies to promote exclusive LPG use in future stove programmes and research studies.Trial registration numberNCT02944682, Pre-results.
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Aftab, Omar, and Gillian Murphy. "A single exposure to cancer misinformation may not significantly affect related behavioural intentions." HRB Open Research 5 (December 20, 2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13640.1.
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Background: In recent years, rates of online cancer misinformation have grown, with many concerned that this could lead patients to alter their daily behaviours or forego conventional treatment. However, no published study has investigated whether exposure to cancer misinformation can affect health behaviours or behavioural intentions. Method: In this preregistered study, participants (N = 774) were exposed to cancer misinformation in the form of news stories before rating their intentions to engage in related behaviours. Each participant was randomly presented with two of four possible false cancer headlines such as “Drinking fluoridated water shown to increase cancer risk by a factor of 3”, before rating their intentions to engage in certain behaviours (such as avoiding fluoridated water). Participants were also randomly assigned to either an accuracy-nudge intervention intended to reduce susceptibility to misinformation or a control condition with no intervention. Results: Viewing the fake cancer headlines did not significantly affect participants’ behavioural intentions – e.g., those who saw the headline regarding fluoridated water were not more likely to report intentions to reduce their fluoridated water intake. The accuracy-nudge intervention did not affect behavioural intentions. Conclusion: Although cancer misinformation is considered a threat to public health, we conclude that once-off exposures to cancer misinformation may not be sufficient to significantly alter behavioural intentions. We note that claims about the effects of cancer misinformation on behaviour have not been adequately researched and we therefore call for more research into the behavioural effects of cancer misinformation exposure, particularly repeated exposure or information passed from trusted sources.
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Kupolati, Mojisola D., Una E. MacIntyre, and Gerda J. Gericke. "School-based nutrition education: features and challenges for success." Nutrition & Food Science 44, no. 6 (November 10, 2014): 520–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-01-2014-0001.
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Purpose – The aim of this review is to critically assess published articles on school-based nutrition education (NE) intervention to identify factors hindering or contributing to the success of interventions. School-based NE possesses the capacity to influence learners’ nutrition behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – An electronic search of articles was conducted in Medline, PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, Google and snowballing. Included in the review were school-based studies with classroom NE with or without nutrition services and studies published between 2000 and 2013. School-based non-intervention studies and interventions that did not include a nutrition teaching component were excluded in the review. Findings – Thirty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Features of successful NE interventions included the use of behavioural theories, especially the social cognitive theory and the involvement of trained teachers in the implementation of interventions. Capacity development for teachers, time constraints, school policies and implementation problems of multicomponent interventions were some of the identified challenges encountered in the studies reviewed. Originality/value – Trained teachers are invaluable assets in interventions to improve nutrition behaviours of learners. Challenges associated with teacher-oriented school-based NE intervention can be overcome by properly designed and implemented interventions based on behavioural theory.
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Davey, Gareth, and Xiang Zhao. "‘Feeding a cat that isn’t yours? Think again!’: an intervention protocol for reducing the feeding of free-roaming cats by residents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 4 (2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc20007.
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Free-roaming cats negatively affect wildlife, human health, and society, and anthropogenic food sources partly maintain their populations. There is a dearth of theory-informed interventions to change people’s beliefs about feeding animals. Here, we outline a behavioural change intervention protocol to modify Malaysians’ key beliefs (i.e. the most influential beliefs) about feeding free-roaming cats. Our protocol serves as a novel, timely, and potentially valuable tool for addressing a significant conservation and societal issue. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is the theoretical framework of the intervention, underpinning its targets (i.e. behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs), content, delivery, and evaluation. The prescriptive intervention consists of one full-day workshop (duration=5h) with three sessions each attempting to alter one key belief using behavioural change strategies. A two-armed parallel-group prospective-cluster randomised controlled trial will be used to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. The protocol can be easily delivered for the public and adapted for other types of locations, human–animal interactions, and contexts. It also complements animal management and policy change approaches.
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Morawska, Alina, and Matthew R. Sanders. "Self-directed behavioural family intervention." International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy 2, no. 2 (2006): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0100773.
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Morawska, Alina, and Matthew R. Sanders. "Self-directed behavioural family intervention." International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy 2, no. 3 (2006): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0100787.
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Prior, M. "Intensive behavioural intervention in autism." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 40, no. 9-10 (September 2004): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00453.x.
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Maeda, Naoki. "School-Based Behavioural Consultation for School-Refusal Behaviour." International Journal of Psychological Studies 8, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v8n1p40.
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<p>Through three case reports, the present study explores a school-based behavioural consultation for school-refusal behaviour. A two-part intervention was established in this study. The first part consisted of a school counsellor providing behavioural consultation for school-refusal behaviour to the parents and school staff and the second part used an attendance process which parents and school staff escorted children who are unwilling to engage in treatment process to school. Through a series of intervention, all participants were able to attend school from the first week of intervention, and a school-based behavioural consultation using escorting school attendance was effective in treating these children. In addition, this study found that all the parties involved in this process should spend most of their energy during the first crucial week of intervention.<strong></strong></p>
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Wang, Serena Caitlin Yen, and Aikaterini Kassavou. "Digital Health Behavioural Interventions to Support Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Adults after Stroke: A Systematic Literature Review with Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13010062.
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Background: As the global prevalence of stroke continues to rise, it becomes increasingly pressing to investigate digital health behaviour change interventions that promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour for stroke patients to support active lifestyles. Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of digital health interventions in promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour for stroke patients. The secondary aim is to investigate the intervention components that explain intervention effectiveness to further inform intervention development and policy making. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in four databases (Scopus, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and PsychINFO) to identify the most robust evidence in the form of randomised controlled trials of digital interventions for patients with stroke. A random-effects meta-analysis were utilized to quantify the intervention effects on behaviour change, and subgroup analyses to characterise intervention effective components. Results: In total, 16 RCTs were deemed eligible and included in the systematic review. Meta-analyses suggested significant improvements in physical activity (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17, 0.61, N = 326, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%), and reductions in time of sedentary behaviour (SMD= −0.45, 95% CI −0.76, -0.14, N = 167, p = 0.00, I2 = 0%) after stroke. The 10 m walk test for physical activity, and the timed up and go test for sedentary behaviour, were the objective outcome measures in the most effective behavioural change interventions. Subgroup analyses found that most effective interventions were underpinned by theories of self-regulation and utilised interactive functions to engage patients with the processes of behaviour change. Conclusions: Digital self-monitoring behavioural interventions are effective in promoting physical activity for stroke patients in adjunct to usual care clinical practice and rehabilitation programmes. Rigorous studies are required to provide evidence to disentangle the most effective intervention components for preventative practices and rehabilitation programs and to inform policymaking for stroke treatment.
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Hudson, Alan, Roland Jauernig, Patrick Wilken, and Gary Radler. "Behavioural Treatment of Challenging Behaviour: A Cost-benefit Analysis of a Service Delivery Model." Behaviour Change 12, no. 4 (December 1995): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900004071.
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In 1990 a number of regionally based Behaviour Intervention Support Teams (BISTs) were established in Victoria to assist agencies providing support to persons with an intellectual disability who exhibited challenging behaviour. A primary function of the BISTs was to conduct intensive interventions for clients with severe challenging behaviours. A cost-benefit analysis of these interventions was carried out. It was found that the existence of a severe challenging behaviour resulted in an additional cost to the service system of an average $40,510 per annum. In contrast, the cost of a single intensive intervention conducted by a BIST was $5,725. Allowing for the fact that not all intensive interventions were successful, it was still concluded that the interventions conducted by the BISTs were cost efficient. Methodological difficulties associated with the cost-benefit analysis are discussed.
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Neal, Rachael L., and Adam S. Radomsky. "What do you really need? Self- and partner-reported intervention preferences within cognitive behavioural therapy for reassurance seeking behaviour." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581900050x.
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AbstractBackground:Reassurance seeking (RS) in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is commonly addressed in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) using a technique called reducing accommodation. Reducing accommodation is a behaviourally based CBT intervention that may be effective; however, there is a lack of controlled research on its use and acceptability to clients/patients, and case studies suggest that it can be associated with negative emotional/behavioural consequences. Providing support to encourage coping with distress is a cognitively based CBT intervention that may be an effective alternative, but lacks evidence regarding its acceptability.Aims:This study aimed to determine whether support provision may be a more acceptable/endorsed CBT intervention for RS than a strict reducing accommodation approach.Method:Participants and familiar partners (N = 179) read vignette descriptions of accommodation reduction and support interventions, and responded to measures of perceived intervention acceptability/adhereability and endorsement, before completing a forced-choice preference task.Results:Overall, findings suggested that participants and partners gave significantly higher ratings for the support than the accommodation reduction intervention (partial η2 = .049 to .321). Participants and partners also both selected the support intervention more often than the traditional reducing accommodation intervention when given the choice.Conclusions:Support provision is perceived as an acceptable CBT intervention for RS by participants and their familiar partners. These results have implications for cognitive behavioural theory and practice related to RS.
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Room, Jonathan, Erin Hannink, Helen Dawes, and Karen Barker. "What interventions are used to improve exercise adherence in older people and what behavioural techniques are they based on? A systematic review." BMJ Open 7, no. 12 (December 2017): e019221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019221.
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ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of interventions used to improve exercise adherence in older people, to assess the effectiveness of these interventions and to evaluate the behavioural change techniques underpinning them using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTT).DesignSystematic review.MethodsA search was conducted on AMED, BNI, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsychINFO databases. Randomised controlled trials that used an intervention to aid exercise adherence and an exercise adherence outcome for older people were included. Data were extracted with the use of a preprepared standardised form. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Interventions were classified according to the BCTT.ResultsEleven studies were included in the review. Risk of bias was moderate to high. Interventions were classified into the following categories: comparison of behaviour, feedback and monitoring, social support, natural consequences, identity and goals and planning. Four studies reported a positive adherence outcome following their intervention. Three of these interventions were categorised in the feedback and monitoring category. Four studies used behavioural approaches within their study. These were social learning theory, socioemotional selectivity theory, cognitive behavioural therapy and self-efficacy. Seven studies did not report a behavioural approach.ConclusionsInterventions in the feedback and monitoring category showed positive outcomes, although there is insufficient evidence to recommend their use currently. There is need for better reporting, use and the development of theoretically derived interventions in the field of exercise adherence for older people. Robust measures of adherence, in order to adequately test these interventions would also be of use.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015020884.
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Montes-Gonzalez, F., T. J. Prescott, and J. Negrete-Martinez. "Minimizing Human Intervention in the Development of Basal Ganglia-Inspired Robot Control." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 4, no. 3 (2007): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/751842.
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A biologically inspired mechanism for robot action selection, based on the vertebrate basal ganglia, has been previously presented (Prescottet al. 2006, Montes Gonzalezet al. 2000). In this model the task confronting the robot is decomposed into distinct behavioural modules that integrate information from multiple sensors and internal state to form ‘salience’ signals. These signals are provided as inputs to a computational model of the basal ganglia whose intrinsic processes cause the selection by disinhibition of a winning behaviour. This winner is then allowed access to the motor plant whilst losing behaviours are suppressed. In previous research we have focused on the development of this biomimetic selection architecture, and have therefore used behavioural modules that were hand-coded as algorithmic procedures. In the current article, we demonstrate the use of genetic algorithms and gradient–descent learning to automatically generate/tune some of the modules that generate the model behaviour.
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Bisson, Jonathan I., Jonathan P. Shepherd, Deborah Joy, Rachel Probert, and Robert G. Newcombe. "Early cognitive–behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress symptoms after physical injury." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 1 (January 2004): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.1.63.
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BackgroundEarly single-session psychological interventions, including psychological debriefing following trauma, have not been shown to reduce psychological distress. Longer early psychological interventions have shown some promise.AimsTo examine the efficacy of a four-session cognitive–behavioural intervention following physical injury.MethodA total of 152 patients attending an accident and emergency department displaying psychological distress following physical injury were randomised 1–3 weeks post-injury to a four-session cognitive–behavioural intervention that started 5–10 weeks after the injury or to no intervention and then followed up for 13 months.ResultsAt 13 months, the total Impact of Event Scale score was significantly more reduced in the intervention group (adjusted mean difference=8.4, 95% CI 2.4–14.36). Other differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsAbrief cognitive–behavioural intervention reduces symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in individuals with physical injury who display initial distress.
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Schutte, Nicola S., and John M. Malouff. "Development and Validation of a Brief Measure of Therapeutically-Induced Change." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 39, no. 5 (June 23, 2011): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465811000257.
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Background: A premise of cognitive behavioural treatment is that individuals make cognitive, behavioural and situational changes prompted by interventions and that these changes bring about improvements in targeted outcomes. Aims: The present project set out to provide reliability and validity information for a brief measure of therapeutically induced change. Methods: A total of 281 participants, comprising three samples who took part in three different intervention studies, completed items relating to cognitive, behavioural and situational changes and completed measures relating to the intervention in which they participated. Results: The internal consistency of the scale assessing therapeutically induced change was high in the three samples. The scale showed evidence of validity through association with (1) more involvement in an intervention (2) reporting that an intervention was meaningful (3) being instructed to incorporate insights gained from an intervention into one's daily life (4) greater decreases in psychological distress and negative affect from pre-intervention to post-intervention, and (5) greater increases in positive affect from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Conclusions: The therapeutically-induced change scale may have utility as a process measure in various interventions.
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Wanat, Marta, Aleksandra J. Borek, Lou Atkins, Anna Sallis, Diane Ashiru-Oredope, Elizabeth Beech, Christopher C. Butler, et al. "Optimising Interventions for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) in Primary, Secondary and Care Home Settings." Antibiotics 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070419.
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Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are common yet preventable. Healthcare professional behaviours, such as reducing unnecessary catheter use, are key for preventing CAUTI. Previous research has focused on identifying gaps in the national response to CAUTI in multiple settings in England. This study aimed to identify how national interventions could be optimised. We conducted a multi-method study comprising: a rapid review of research on interventions to reduce CAUTI; a behavioural analysis of effective research interventions compared to national interventions; and a stakeholder focus group and survey to identify the most promising options for optimising interventions. We identified 37 effective research interventions, mostly conducted in United States secondary care. A behavioural analysis of these interventions identified 39 intervention components as possible ways to optimise national interventions. Seven intervention components were prioritised by stakeholders. These included: checklists for discharge/admission to wards; information for patients and relatives about the pros/cons of catheters; setting and profession specific guidelines; standardised nationwide computer-based documentation; promotion of alternatives to catheter use; CAUTI champions; and bladder scanners. By combining research evidence, behavioural analysis and stakeholder feedback, we identified how national interventions to reduce CAUTI could be improved. The seven prioritised components should be considered for future implementation.
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Engle, Patrice L., Margaret Bentley, and Gretel Pelto. "The role of care in nutrition programmes: current research and a research agenda." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 1 (February 2000): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000045.
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The importance of cultural and behavioural factors in children’s nutrition, particularly with regard to feeding, has been recognized only recently. The combination of evidence regarding the importance of caregiving behaviour for good nutrition, and improved strategies for measuring behaviour have led to a renewed interest in care. The UNICEF conceptual framework suggests that care, in addition to food security and health care services, are critical for children’s survival, growth and development. The present paper focuses on the care practice of complementary feeding, specifically behavioural factors such as parental interaction patterns, feeding style and adaptation of feeding to the child’s motor abilities (self-feeding or feeding by others). Three kinds of feeding styles (Birch & Fisher, 1995) are identified: controlling; laissez-faire; responsive. Probable effects of each feeding style on nutrient intake are described. A number of studies of feeding behaviour have suggested that the laissez-faire style is most frequently observed among families and communities with a higher prevalence of malnourished children. Nutrition interventions that have been able to show significant effects on outcomes, such as the Hearth Model in Vietnam (Sternin et al. 1997), have usually incorporated behavioural components in their intervention. At this time, there have been no tests of the efficacy of behavioural interventions to improve feeding practices. Research is needed to understand behavioural factors in complementary feeding, and to identify and test intervention strategies designed to improve nutrient intake of young children. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of how nutrition programmes might change if care were incorporated.