Academic literature on the topic 'Behavioural inhibition system'
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Journal articles on the topic "Behavioural inhibition system"
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Smits, Dirk J. M., and P. D. Boeck. "From BIS/BAS to the big five." European Journal of Personality 20, no. 4 (June 2006): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.583.
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Gray (1987) proposed two systems that underlie much of our behaviour and personality. One system relates to avoidance or withdrawal behaviour, called the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), whereas the other system relates to approach behaviour, called the Behavioural Approach System (BAS). In two samples, it was investigated whether individual differences in surface of personality as described by the Big Five can be explained by BIS/BAS. Neuroticism and Extraversion could be explained well by BIS/BAS, but also for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness consistent findings were obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Leone, Luigi, Marco Perugini, Richard P. Bagozzi, Antonio Pierro, and Lucia Mannetti. "Construct validity and generalizability of the Carver–White behavioural inhibition system/behavioural activation system scales." European Journal of Personality 15, no. 5 (September 2001): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.415.
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The factorial structure and invariance of the BIS/BAS scales of Carver and White were assessed across three samples from the USA, UK, and Italy. Previous validation studies of the BIS/BAS scales relied on individual samples drawn from English‐speaking populations only and failed to formally assess generalizability. The current study shows that the four‐factor structure proposed by Carver and White—i.e. one BIS and three BAS facets—achieved satisfactory psychometric properties in all three samples and that measurement invariance was obtained across countries. Latent mean differences due to gender and country were also investigated. Theoretical issues concerning the validity of the BIS/BAS scales are addressed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Le, Thuc Nghi. "Emotional management and behavioural inhibition system in service failures." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 27, no. 2 (2017): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2017.083763.
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Le, Thuc Nghi. "Emotional management and behavioural inhibition system in service failures." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 27, no. 2 (2017): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2017.10004626.
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Bowins, Brad E. "Augmenting Behavioural Activation Treatment with the Behavioural Activation and Inhibition Scales." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 40, no. 2 (July 18, 2011): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465811000415.
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Background: Although behavioural activation therapy is effective for depression there is always room for improvement, and also the need to extend this treatment modality to anxiety disorders. Method: A search was conducted for an easy to apply and effective method of achieving these aims. Results: To both enhance the effectiveness of behavioural activation treatment for depression and facilitate its extension to anxiety disorders, it is proposed that the Behavioral Approach/Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) be incorporated. BIS/BAS Scales are easy to administer and evaluate ensuring that there is minimal added complexity. Overall, BAS, BAS subscale (Drive, Reward Responsiveness, and Fun Seeking) and BIS scores provide valuable information pertaining to a person's approach and avoidance responses. This general information, plus that derived from specific scale items, can be used to guide more focused and effective behavioural activation strategies. Brief case examples are provided to demonstrate how the BIS/BAS Scales can be applied. Conclusion: BIS/BAS Scales offer an easy to apply and effective means of enhancing behavioural activation therapy for depression and extending this treatment modality to anxiety disorders.
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MCNAUGHTON, N. "The role of the subiculum within the behavioural inhibition system." Behavioural Brain Research 174, no. 2 (November 11, 2006): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2006.05.037.
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Cooper, Andrew, Rapson Gomez, and Helen Aucote. "The Behavioural Inhibition System and Behavioural Approach System (BIS/BAS) Scales: Measurement and structural invariance across adults and adolescents." Personality and Individual Differences 43, no. 2 (July 2007): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.023.
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Quilty, Lena C., and Jonathan M. Oakman. "The assessment of behavioural activation—the relationship between positive emotionality and the behavioural activation system." European Journal of Personality 18, no. 7 (November 2004): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.530.
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Much personality research suggests that the variance in personality can be accounted for by a few dimensions, often hypothesized to be connected to neurological circuits. Gray's (1982) behavioural activation system (BAS) and behavioural inhibition system (BIS) in particular propose to explain for a variety of behaviour. This investigation sought to determine whether Positive Emotionality is an appropriate measure of the BAS, and how Tellegen's (1985) constructs are related to BAS activity. Measures of BAS and Positive Emotionality were administered to undergraduates. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that, while Positive Emotionality can be used as an indicator of BAS activity, it is better conceived of as a distinct, correlated construct. In addition, not all components of Positive Emotionality were related to BAS activity, and BAS was further related to components of Negative Emotionality and Constraint. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Netto, I., V. Bostan, L. McCarthy, A. Laursen, K. Gilbride, M. Mehrvar, and R. Pushchak. "Automated image analysis of Euglena gracilis Klebs (Euglenophyta) for measuring sublethal effects of three model contaminants." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 8 (October 1, 2012): 1708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.387.
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The short-term impacts of atrazine (herbicide), tributyltin (organometal) and copper on the behaviour of Euglena gracilis Klebs (Euglenophyta) were assessed. First, the ECOTOX automated image analysis system was used, which measured swimming velocity, cell shape, percentage of cells swimming upwards, and randomness of swimming. Next, visual observation by microscopy was used to measure percentage of cell motility and cell shape. Behavioural changes can be used as an indicator of stress in less than 24 h, potentially making them suitable for inclusion in early-warning systems for water quality. Findings indicate that E. gracilis is a very sensitive organism to copper, showing inhibition of motility with visual observation at 0.8 μmol/L within 1 h. The image analysis system was in general less sensitive than visual observation for detecting behavioural changes after incubation in copper. In contrast, after exposure to organic contaminants atrazine and tributyltin, the ECOTOX system detected small changes in the number of cells swimming upwards (antigravitactic behaviour) at higher concentrations.
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Muris, Peter, Cor Meesters, Elske de Kanter, and Petra Eek Timmerman. "Behavioural inhibition and behavioural activation system scales for children: relationships with Eysenck’s personality traits and psychopathological symptoms." Personality and Individual Differences 38, no. 4 (March 2005): 831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.007.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Behavioural inhibition system"
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Thornton, Jasper Crossley. "The behavioural inhibition system and anxiety in human subjects." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287456.
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Schlesinger, Carla M., and n/a. "The Role of Individual Differences in Additional Substance Use in a Methadone Maintained Population." Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061109.150823.
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It is well established that methadone maintenance (MM) reduces but does not eliminate the self-administration of other illicit drugs. For those on MM, there is considerable variation in consumption patterns, route of heroin administration, additional non-opioid substances routinely administered and the clinical disorders associated with these patterns of use. While there is a large literature base documenting these phenomena, studies have been almost exclusively descriptive in nature, with little attempt to develop a theoretical model in which to understand such use. In the following thesis, a model proposed by Gray was tested, the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). This biopsychosocial model broadly describes two action tendencies; approach (Behavioural Activation System) and avoidance or withdrawal (Flight Fight Freeze System and the Behavioural Inhibition System). The model proposes that a heightened sensitivity to punishment underlies anxiety disorders. Conversely, a heightened sensitivity to rewarding stimuli may predispose some individuals to engage in highly rewarding behaviour and is associated with conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. According to the Joint Subsystems Hypothesis, these personality styles are mutually dependent, whereby BIS and BAS interact to influence reward mediated and punishment mediated behaviours. Based on Gray's model, this thesis tests whether opiate dependent individuals with heightened sensitivity to punishment are more likely to use anxiolytic drugs (such as benzodiazepines), and individuals with heightened reward sensitivity will show a preference for substances that have high reward potential (such as stimulants). At time one, the participant sample (N= 120) comprised 71 males (59%) and 49 females who were opioid dependent and recruitment took place over an eight-month period in two city opioid replacement clinics. A range of measures was administered to assess substance use, mood, anxiety and the personality dimensions of reward sensitivity and punishment sensitivity, with substance use again measured at three months. Results of the first study suggested that a large proportion of the variance was accounted for by personality within the models. A total of 98 participants (81%) participated in the 12-week follow-up study. Sensitivity to punishment and reward significantly predicted drug preference. Although psychopathology symptoms were not able to moderate the relationship between personality and drug use, anxiety symptoms negatively mediated the relationship between punishment sensitivity and anxiolytic use, whereby the relationship became non-significant. In contrast, sensitivity to reward remained the strongest predictor of amphetamine use over antisocial characteristics. Individual differences were not able to predict treatment retention nor susceptibility to relapse during a 12-week initiation to a MM programme.
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Schlesinger, Carla. "The Role of Individual Differences in Additional Substance Use in a Methadone Maintained Population." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367929.
Full textAbstract:
It is well established that methadone maintenance (MM) reduces but does not eliminate the self-administration of other illicit drugs. For those on MM, there is considerable variation in consumption patterns, route of heroin administration, additional non-opioid substances routinely administered and the clinical disorders associated with these patterns of use. While there is a large literature base documenting these phenomena, studies have been almost exclusively descriptive in nature, with little attempt to develop a theoretical model in which to understand such use. In the following thesis, a model proposed by Gray was tested, the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). This biopsychosocial model broadly describes two action tendencies; approach (Behavioural Activation System) and avoidance or withdrawal (Flight Fight Freeze System and the Behavioural Inhibition System). The model proposes that a heightened sensitivity to punishment underlies anxiety disorders. Conversely, a heightened sensitivity to rewarding stimuli may predispose some individuals to engage in highly rewarding behaviour and is associated with conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. According to the Joint Subsystems Hypothesis, these personality styles are mutually dependent, whereby BIS and BAS interact to influence reward mediated and punishment mediated behaviours. Based on Gray's model, this thesis tests whether opiate dependent individuals with heightened sensitivity to punishment are more likely to use anxiolytic drugs (such as benzodiazepines), and individuals with heightened reward sensitivity will show a preference for substances that have high reward potential (such as stimulants). At time one, the participant sample (N= 120) comprised 71 males (59%) and 49 females who were opioid dependent and recruitment took place over an eight-month period in two city opioid replacement clinics. A range of measures was administered to assess substance use, mood, anxiety and the personality dimensions of reward sensitivity and punishment sensitivity, with substance use again measured at three months. Results of the first study suggested that a large proportion of the variance was accounted for by personality within the models. A total of 98 participants (81%) participated in the 12-week follow-up study. Sensitivity to punishment and reward significantly predicted drug preference. Although psychopathology symptoms were not able to moderate the relationship between personality and drug use, anxiety symptoms negatively mediated the relationship between punishment sensitivity and anxiolytic use, whereby the relationship became non-significant. In contrast, sensitivity to reward remained the strongest predictor of amphetamine use over antisocial characteristics. Individual differences were not able to predict treatment retention nor susceptibility to relapse during a 12-week initiation to a MM programme.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
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Landron, Teddy. "Electroencephalographic frontal alpha asymmetry and biological markers of the immune system : A correlation study." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15666.
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The immune system has been suggested as crucial in brain and psychological functioning. More precisely, immune markers reflecting immune system activity are important for psychological and mental health, as evident by their role in the physiopathology of depression and in the impairment of executive functions. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), an electroencephalographic marker of brain function, has also been linked to such psychopathology and is thought to reflect psychological processes underlying approach- versus withdrawal-related motivation and higher-order inhibitory control. Only a few studies have linked FAA to immune markers but notably found a negative association between IL-6, a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, and FAA. The aim of the present work is thus to study the relationship between various immune markers (including pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-6) and FAA. 35 healthy young male participants underwent a resting EEG recording and blood sampling from which immune markers were measured. The results did not suggest an association between IL-6 and FAA. No other immune markers were either suggested to be associated to FAA. The complexity of the immune system (e.g., effect of cytokines) is underlined and may explain the results. Despite such results, the implication of true negative correlations between FAA and circulating immune markers, as suggested in previous studies, is discussed in the light of the theoretical models of FAA.
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Wilson, Daniel R. "Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Binge Eating: An investigation into the role of the behavioural inhibition system, rash impulsivity, affective states and mindfulness on forms of overconsumption." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/406060.
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Binge eating has become increasingly common in the general population over the last few decades. The behaviour refers to the consumption of an objectively large amount of food in a short time period whilst experiencing a subjective loss of control over one’s intake, and forms part of the diagnostic criteria for several eating disorders (ED; i.e., binge eating disorder [BED)], bulimia nervosa [BN], anorexia nervosa [AN-Binge-eating/Purge subtype]). Binge eating is associated with a range of adverse physical and psychological complications, and has a significant cost economically. Accordingly, research has increasingly focussed on binge eating to further understand the behaviour and guide interventions.
The current thesis aimed to investigate binge eating and overconsumption using revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST), a biologically-based theory of personality, which is based on the sensitivity of brain systems that responds to rewarding and punishing stimuli. The broad objective of the thesis was to further understand the individual differences involved in maladaptive eating behaviours and investigate how this information may be useful in guiding intervention strategies. The goal of the thesis was to investigate the mechanisms involved in binge eating and other forms of overconsumption from a RST perspective.
The first study investigated similarities and differences in reinforcement sensitivities across ED subtypes and healthy controls, using a measure of revised RST. In the study, 109 adult women with a past or present Anorexia Nervosa-Restrictive subtype (AN-R) diagnosis, 132 with a past or present binge-type ED diagnosis, and 133 non-ED controls, completed a measure of revised RST and measures of disordered eating behaviours and attitudes. Results showed both the AN-R and binge-type group participants scored higher on measures of the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and the Fight/Flight/Freeze System (FFFS) compared to healthy controls. The binge-type group scored higher on measures of rash impulsivity relative to the AN-R and healthy control group, and lower on measures of goal-drive persistence relative to the healthy controls. The AN-R group demonstrated lower reward interest and reward reactivity than the non-ED controls. Being the first study to use a measure in line with the latest developments in RST, these results provided some clarification about the nature of approach behaviour in eating disorders. The key findings implicated high rash impulsivity and low goal drive persistence in binge eating behaviours, whereas no group differences were found for binge-type groups compared to healthy controls or AN-R on measures of reward sensitivity. Another key finding was the transdiagnostic role of BIS and FFFS across ED subtypes.
Following these results, the remainder of the thesis aimed to investigate the pathways and conditions under which RST systems influences maladaptive eating behaviours. Thus, the second study investigated the role of negative affect as a mediator between the RST systems and binge eating symptoms. Undergraduate students (n = 229) completed selfreported measures of revised reinforcement sensitivities, negative affect and binge eating symptoms. Indirect pathways from BIS, FFFS and rash impulsivity and binge eating through negative affect were tested. Results showed that negative affect mediated the pathway from BIS to binge eating and rash impulsivity to binge eating, but not from the FFFS to binge eating. The key findings from Study 2 provided further support that BIS and rash impulsivity are particularly relevant to binge eating and made the novel contribution of implicating negative affect as a mechanism of action in this pathway.
The first and second studies implicated rash impulsivity and BIS in binge eating and suggested that an interaction between the two systems may be related to binge eating. Study 3 sought to test this interaction and investigate potential protective factors in the pathway to maladaptive eating behaviours. Specifically, Study 3 investigated the moderating effect of rash impulsivity on the pathway from BIS to both binge eating and grazing behaviours.
Further, it tested trait mindfulness as a moderating factor in the BIS/Impulsivity pathway to two types of eating behaviour: binge eating; and grazing. Undergraduate students (n = 245) completed self-report measures of BIS, rash impulsivity, trait mindfulness, binge eating and grazing. Results showed a two-way interaction for binge eating, and a three-way interaction for grazing. For binge eating, the relationship between BIS and binge eating grew stronger as rash impulsivity increased, whereas for increasing levels of mindfulness the relationship between BIS and binge eating was reduced. For grazing, results showed that the conditional effect of the BIS x impulsivity interaction on grazing scores varied according to mindfulness.
At moderate to high levels of mindfulness, the conditional effect of the BIS x impulsivity interaction on grazing scores was non-significant. At low levels of mindfulness the conditional effect of the BIS x impulsivity interaction on grazing scores was significant, such that the relationship between BIS and grazing grew stronger as did impulsivity. The findings provided further support for the key role of both BIS and rash impulsivity in maladaptive eating behaviours, with the study being the first to apply an RST framework to grazing behaviour. Another key finding was the role of mindfulness as a potential protective mechanism in the pathway between personality risk factors and maladaptive outcomes.
The fourth study aimed to extend upon the existing cross-sectional results, by using experimental methodology to investigate the casual effect of the relationship between personality, affective states, mindfulness and eating behaviour. Undergraduate students (n = 245) participated in a laboratory study, where mood was induced (positive, anxiety, neutral), followed by half the participants completing a brief mindfulness exercise (mindfulness, control) before undertaking a bogus taste test to measure food intake. Participants also completed a measure of rash impulsivity to test the interaction between impulsivity, affective state, and mindfulness on food intake. Results showed a three-way interaction, demonstrating that for those participants in the positive mood condition, increased rash impulsivity predicted reduced food intake in the mindfulness condition, whereas rash impulsivity was associated with increased food intake it the control condition. There was no such interaction in the anxiety condition, which was not consistent with the hypothesis for this condition. The key findings from this study supported recent evidence associating positive mood with food intake and added to the literature by highlighting the role of mindfulness and rash impulsivity when interacting with positive mood. The non-significant findings with respect to the anxiety condition, whilst consistent with previous experimental data, are inconsistent with both naturalistic studies and theories of negative affect and eating, raising concerns about the ecological validity of the laboratory food test.
The collective key findings from the thesis make several novel contributions to the literature. The use of a recent measure of RST throughout the studies highlights the utility and advantage of using a measure reflective of the revised theory. For the first time binge eating has been evaluated with results that can be interpreted as per the current conceptualisation of RST, and distinction made between the influence of rash impulsivity and reward sensitivity, and BIS and FFFS. The current results highlight the combination of BIS and rash impulsivity are of influence in binge eating, with negative affect a mediator of this pathway. Additionally, the role of mindfulness as a protective factor in buffering against the maladaptive outputs of RST systems was demonstrated, with differing effects dependent on the specific eating behaviour (e.g., binge eating, grazing, food taste test). Collectively, these results progress the field through a series of novel findings that allow for a deeper understanding of RST and eating behaviour. The findings from this thesis highlight areas in which future research is warranted, and the clinical implications may inform the development and extension of both treatment and prevention approaches.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Wolmarans, Petrus De Wet. "Stereotypical behaviour in the deer mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus bairdii) : a pharmacological investigation of the frontal–cortico–striatal serotonergic system / Wolmarans D." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7585.
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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition that is characterized by two main symptom cohorts, namely recurrent inappropriate thoughts (obsessions) and seemingly purposeless repetitive motor actions (compulsions). In 70% of cases, the condition only re–sponds to chronic, but not sub–chronic, high dose treatment with the selective serotonin reup–take inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine and escitalopram. This indicates a role for hyposero–tonergic functioning in the primary brain areas involved in OCD, namely the components of the cortico–striatal–thalamic–cortical (CSTC) circuit which include the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and the thalamus. A number of studies have demonstrated a lower serotonin trans–porter (SERT) availability in OCD patients compared with healthy controls, supporting the hy–pothesis of a hyposerotonergic state in OCD.
The current study focuses on the validation of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) model of OCD and builds on previous work done in our laboratory. Deer mice that are bred and housed in confinement naturally develop two main forms of stereotypical behaviour, namely vertical jumping and pattern running. Furthermore, these behaviours can be catego–rized into various levels of severity, namely high (HSB), low (LSB) and non–stereotypic (NSB) cohorts. The seemingly purposeless and repetitive nature of these behaviours mimics the com–pulsions that characterize human OCD and constitutes the basis for the face validity of the model. However, although these two forms of stereotypy seem equally repetitive and persis–tent, stereotypical pattern runners do not complete the required number of cage revolutions per 30 minutes compared to the amount of jumps executed by stereotypical vertical jumpers. As only one set of criteria for the appraisal of the different topographies of deer mouse stereotypy has been applied in previous studies, the matter of whether pattern runners do in fact generate stereotypical behaviour of the same persistent and severe nature as opposed to the behaviour expressed by vertical jumpers, is problematic.
Therefore, the first objective of the current study was to develop a new classification system for the appraisal of the different forms of behavioural topographies of deer mice and subse–quently to evaluate whether pattern runners can indeed be categorized into non–, low– and high stereotypical cohorts. After an eight–week behavioural assessment period, deer mice express–ing the two different behavioural topographies could be classified into non–, low– and high stereotypical cohorts (NSB, LSB, and HSB respectively), applying different criteria for each be–havioural topography. Based on the weekly mean stereotypy count generated during three 30–minute intervals of highest stereotypical behaviour over the course of a 12–hour assessment period, HSB pattern runners were found to execute on average 296 cage revolutions per 30 minutes, while HSB vertical jumpers executed an average of 3063 jumps per 30 minutes. This discrepancy between the generated numbers of the different topographies of stereotypy indi–cates that one classification system for the appraisal of both behavioural topographies is indeed inappropriate, and hence requires re–evaluation and validation.
As patients with OCD present with a lower central SERT availability compared to healthy controls, the second objective of the study was to determine whether a decrease in SERT den–sity could be demonstrated in HSB animals compared to the NSB and LSB controls. After eight weeks of behavioural assessment, animals were sacrificed and frontal–cortical and striatal SERT binding was performed. HSB deer mice presented with significantly lower striatal, but not fron–tal–cortical SERT availability compared to the [NSB/LSB] control animals (p = 0.0009). As far as it concerns a lower SERT availability in HSB animals and involvement of the CSTC circuitry, this data is congruent with that demonstrated in human OCD and strengthens the construct validity of the model.
Although previous studies undertaken in our laboratory demonstrated that deer mouse stereotypy is attenuated after chronic (21–day) fluoxetine administration, OCD only responds to chronic, but not sub–chronic treatment with the SSRIs. The lack of response of deer mouse stereotypy to sub–chronic treatment has not been established and therefore the third study ob–jective was to assess the behavioural effects of sub–chronic (7–day) and chronic (28–day) SSRI treatment on expression of deer mouse stereotypy. Chronic, but not sub–chronic treatment with oral escitalopram (50 mg/kg/day) significantly increased the number of intervals over a 12–hour assessment period during which no stereotypical behaviour were expressed by HSB deer mice (p = 0.0241) and decreased the number of intervals during which high–stereotypical be–haviour were executed (p = 0.0054). Neither chronic, nor sub–chronic treatment significantly affected the behaviour of animals in the [NSB/LSB] cohort. The fact that the model demon–strates a lack of response to sub–chronic treatment with high dose SSRIs, positively contributes to the predictive validity of the deer mouse model of OCD.
The results from the current study therefore strengthens the construct and predictive valid–ity of the deer mouse model of OCD and confirm the model’s status as a prominent animal model of OCD. Not only is hyposerotonergic functioning in the CSTC circuitry implicated in the behaviour of HSB animals, but the model also demonstrates selective response to chronic SSRI–treatment - two core characteristics of human OCD.Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Forsslund, Patrik, and Simon Monié. "MULTI-DRONE COLLABORATION FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE MISSIONS." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54439.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), also called drones, are used for Search And Rescue (SAR) missions, mainly in the form of a pilot manoeuvring a single drone. However, the increase in labour to cover larger areas quickly would result in a very high cost and time spent per rescue operation. Therefore, there is a need for an easy to use, low-cost, and highly autonomous swarm of drones for SAR missions where the detection and rescue times are kept to a minimum. In this thesis, a Subsumption-based architecture is proposed, which combines multiple behaviours to create more complex behaviours. An investigation of (1) what are the critical aspects of controlling a swarm of drones, (2) how can a combination of different behavioural algorithms increase the performance of a swarm of drones, and (3) what benchmarks are necessary when evaluating the fitness of the behavioural algorithms. The proposed architecture was simulated in AirSim using the SimpleFlight flight controller through experiments that evaluated the individual layers and missions that simulated real-life scenarios. The results validate the modularity and reliability of the architecture, where the architecture has the potential for improvements in future iterations. For the search area of 400×400meters, the swarm consistently produced an average area coverage of at least 99.917% and found all the missing people in all missions, with the slowest average being 563 seconds. Compared to related work, the result produced similar or better times when scaled to the same proportions and higher area coverage. As comparisons of results in SAR missions can be difficult, the introduction of Active time can serve as a benchmark for others in future swarm performance measurements.
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Shand, TA. "Investigating risk factors for internet gaming disorder: impulsivity, ADHD, behavioural inhibition / activation, weekly gameplay and inhibitory control." Thesis, 2022. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/47639/.
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The recent decision by the World Health Organization to recognise Gaming Disorder as a behavioural addiction requires a shift in research focus towards its predisposing factors and progression. The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model is an emerging theory to explain the onset of disordered gaming by examining interactions between predisposing factors, moderators, and mediators combined with reduced executive functioning. The current study aimed to examine associations between various risk factors for disordered gaming and the development of IGD symptoms. A sample of 113 participants (75.2% female, mean age 22.5 years) completed measures of internet gaming disorder (IGD), impulsivity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioural inhibition/activation (BIS/BAS) and weekly gameplay. A subsample of 30 participants (90.9% female, mean age 23.2 years) completed a combined Flanker/go-nogo task. In the first sample, impulsivity and weekly playtime significantly predicted IGD scores. In the second sample, IGD scores were not significantly associated with measures of inhibitory control deficits. This study supports previous findings that impulsivity and gaming time are significant risk factors for developing IGD symptoms. Future replication comparing groups with low and high IGD symptomology combined with neuroimaging may provide more substantial evidence for risk factors associated with the development of gaming addiction.
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Millington, Chris. "The effects of chronic neuroinflammation on cognition and behaviour in the GFAP-IL6 transgenic mouse and an investigation of the nootropic AGE inhibitor Tenilsetam." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:59607.
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Neurodegenerative and neurological disorders are incurable diseases that represent an enormous burden both financially and in terms of human suffering. Chronic neuroinflammation, demonstrated by the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the release of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines, has been identified as one of the major factors in the pathogenesis of several neurological, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Understanding the underlying neuroinflammation and developing therapies that can target the inflammatory and degenerative processes is a key strategy toward finding treatments to cure these diseases. The effects of chronic neuroinflammation on cognition and behaviour were investigated in the glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter-interleukin 6 (GFAP-IL6) transgenic mouse. In this model, localised chronic neuroinflammation is mediated through the sustained, overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 (IL-6). The therapeutic potential of the nootropic compound tenilsetam was tested in this model to examine possible anti-inflammatory and cognitive enhancing effects. At the age of 3 months, heterozygous GFAP-IL6 mice (n=33) and their non-transgenic littermates (C57/BL6J) (n=35) were introduced to either a tenilsetam enriched pellet diet (70mg/kg daily dose) or control pellet diet. Following 3 months of the diet the mice were subjected to a behavioural test battery (6 months of age) that included the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OF), Barnes maze (BM) and functional observational tests. The findings of this study showed that at the age of 6 months, the GFAP-IL6 mice presented with alterations in anxiety-related behaviour in the EPM and OF, exhibiting a strong anxiolytic-like phenotype. GFAP-IL6 mice also displayed an ataxic phenotype with increased abnormalities in gait and kyphosis scores and had a reduced food consumption, however did not differ in weight gain compared to WT mice. Cognitive dysfunction in the GFAP-IL6 mouse was not detected in the BM. Tenilsetam exerted clear anxiolytic-like effects in the OF, increasing the percentage of time and distance in the centre which was particularly pronounced among male mice. Tenilsetam reduced ambulation and explorative behaviour in the EPM. There were no cognition enhancing properties indicated for tenilsetam in the BM, however the anxiolytic-like effects of tenilsetam may be a confounding factor. Among WT mice tenilsetam was associated with increased food consumption and weight gain, revealing potential as an appetite stimulant. However among GFAP-IL6 mice tenilsetam exerted the opposite effect in reducing food consumption.
Books on the topic "Behavioural inhibition system"
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Bird, Mark F., and David G. Lambert. Deorphanization of ORL-1/LC132 by reverse pharmacology in two landmark studies. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0026.
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Deorphanization of ORL-1/LC132 in 1995 by reverse pharmacology in two simultaneously published landmark studies added a new member to the opioid family of G-protein coupled receptors. Meunier and Reinscheid used cells expressing recombinant ORL-1 (human) or LC132 (rat) and the presumed intracellular inhibition of cyclic AMP formation to ‘fish’ for endogenous peptide ligands in rat whole-brain and pig hypothalamic extracts. Both studies reported the isolation of a 17-amino-acid peptide, which was named nociceptin and orphanin FQ by the two authors, respectively. The behaviour of the isolated peptide was a complete surprise, as a general hyperalgesia was observed when the peptide was administered at supraspinal sites. We now know that this peptide has, in fact, anti-opioid action, particularly in the medulla. The endogenous peptide exerts a multitude of effects both in the nervous system and, unlike classical opioids, has efficacy in neuropathic pain.
Book chapters on the topic "Behavioural inhibition system"
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Seiffert, Dietmar, and David J. Loskutoff. "The Role of Type 1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor in the Regulation of the Fibrinolytic System of the Normal and Atherosclerotic Vessel Wall." In New Aspects of Metabolism and Behaviour of Mesenchymal Cells during the Pathogenesis of Arteriosclerosis, 37–48. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99112-6_6.
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Gray, Jeffrey A., and Neil McNaughton. "A theory of the behavioural inhibition system." In The Neuropsychology of Anxiety, 83–93. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198522713.003.0005.
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Sultanov, Murad, Ulduz Hashimova, and Khadidja Ismailova. "Brain and Behaviour: Quantitative Analysis among Youth Men using Mobile EEG System." In Bulletin of Medical and Clinical Research, 40–49. IOR INTERNATIONAL PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/br2015.
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The present article explores the relationship between the EEG rhythms' oscillations and the personality traits in a group of young males (soccer players and sport students). EEG was recorded by a single-channel wireless EEG system in the prefrontal cortex. Personality traits were identified in accordance with Eysenck's personality questionnaire. The regression model was used to analyse the EEG rhythms as possible predictors for Eysenck's personality traits. The findings of the study highlighted two slow rhythms that can be considered as predictors for personality traits, specifically: delta wave – for extraversion with negative slope, which could be related to mood, and theta wave – for neuroticism with negative slope, which could be related to inhibition. Those EEG patterns could condition preference for certain behavioural strategies in accordance with type of temperament. In addition, for two EEG high-frequency rhythms, association was revealed with personality traits: for beta rhythm as a hypothetical predictor for neuroticism, and for gamma rhythm – for lie. The statistically significant relationship between the slow bands with neuroticism and extraversion indicate to influences of the emotion-generating and reticular brain structures. In conclusion, the prefrontal cortex's background EEG activity can reflect preference of certain behavioural strategies, which are formed in accordance with individual type of temperament. This implies that study further examined probability association between the higher frequency bands (beta and gamma) and personality traits, which would be achieved in future researches. In addition, the data derived from a single-channel wireless system equipment demonstrated results, which is close to EEG recorded by conventional lab-based equipment.
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Sultanov, Murad, Ulduz Hashimova, and Khadidja Ismailova. "Brain and Behaviour: Quantitative Analysis among Youth Men using Mobile EEG System." In Bulletin of Medical and Clinical Research, 40–49. IOR INTERNATIONAL PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/br2015.
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The present article explores the relationship between the EEG rhythms' oscillations and the personality traits in a group of young males (soccer players and sport students). EEG was recorded by a single-channel wireless EEG system in the prefrontal cortex. Personality traits were identified in accordance with Eysenck's personality questionnaire. The regression model was used to analyse the EEG rhythms as possible predictors for Eysenck's personality traits. The findings of the study highlighted two slow rhythms that can be considered as predictors for personality traits, specifically: delta wave – for extraversion with negative slope, which could be related to mood, and theta wave – for neuroticism with negative slope, which could be related to inhibition. Those EEG patterns could condition preference for certain behavioural strategies in accordance with type of temperament. In addition, for two EEG high-frequency rhythms, association was revealed with personality traits: for beta rhythm as a hypothetical predictor for neuroticism, and for gamma rhythm – for lie. The statistically significant relationship between the slow bands with neuroticism and extraversion indicate to influences of the emotion-generating and reticular brain structures. In conclusion, the prefrontal cortex's background EEG activity can reflect preference of certain behavioural strategies, which are formed in accordance with individual type of temperament. This implies that study further examined probability association between the higher frequency bands (beta and gamma) and personality traits, which would be achieved in future researches. In addition, the data derived from a single-channel wireless system equipment demonstrated results, which is close to EEG recorded by conventional lab-based equipment.
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Ladwig, Karl-Heinz, Natalia Erazo, and Karoline Lukaschek. "Prevention of metropolitan and railway suicide." In Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention, edited by Danuta Wasserman and Camilla Wasserman, 725–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0081.
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Railway suicides account for less than 10% of all suicides and are considered a major public health issue because of their consequences for the operation of the transportation system and their deteriorating impact on staff and bystanders. Behaviour patterns include jumping, lying, wandering, and deviant behaviour prodromal to the attempt. Case fatality is 90% of all attempts (railway) or circa 60% (metro). Victims are predominately male and young, with a median age stratum in the range of 25–34 years. The weekly distribution shows a peak at the beginning of the week and a low on weekends. Preventive measures include inhibiting access to the track (e.g. barriers at places of advanced risk or surveillance systems), inhibiting media coverage, or education of gatekeepers to increase awareness, and skilfulness in contact with vulnerable subjects. Railway suicide prevention is a realistic option; however, further research is urgently needed.
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Gottschalk, Michael G., and Katharina Domschke. "Genetics of anxiety disorders." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, edited by John R. Geddes, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Guy M. Goodwin, 928–37. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0089.
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Genetics of anxiety disorders highlights recent developments in the identification of genetic variation associated with specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and cross-disorder intermediate phenotypes like neuroticism/negative affectivity, introversion, behavioural inhibition, harm avoidance, and anxiety sensitivity. It reviews evidence gathered by family and twin studies, structural and rare variations, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), candidate genes, gene–environment, and epigenetic approaches. Special focus is placed upon functional hypotheses linked to the serotonergic and catecholaminergic, as well as neuropeptide and neurohormonal, signalling systems, followed by multi-level neurophysiological, neuroimaging, and behavioural investigations of anxiety- and fear-related traits. Special emphasis is put on dimensional psychopathology and biomarkers of disease course, susceptibility, and treatment response to cognitive behavioural therapy or psychopharmacological interventions. Moreover, challenges and perspectives are addressed related to drug discovery, personalized medicine, polygenic risk assessment, relevance to nosological domains, and plasticity of the underlying epigenetic architecture.
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"Cancers of the genitourinary system." In Oxford Desk Reference: Oncology, edited by Thankamma Ajithkumar, Ann Barrett, Helen Hatcher, and Sarah Jefferies, 196–233. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745440.003.0008.
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This chapter deals with renal, bladder, prostate and penile cancers, and tumours of the testis. Epidemiology, aetiology, and risk factors including specific genetic mutations as well as general lifestyle factors are described for each tumour type. For renal tumours, classification takes into account different clinical behaviours and genetic mutations. The role of surgery in the cure of disease and treatment of metastatic disease are discussed as well as the role of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and the use of tyrosine kinase, mTor, and T-cell checkpoint inhibition. The role of surgery in bladder cancer is defined in the management of localized and muscle invasive cancer and the use of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both in advanced or metastatic disease. As well as discussion of the different aspects of management of prostate cancer, consideration is given to the use of absolute values of PSA measurement and other parameters in screening, treatment monitoring, and surveillance. Endocrine therapies are also discussed. Epidemiology aetiology, genetic factors, and pathology of testicular tumours are considered and the curative potential of treatment is underlined as well as the appropriate use of surveillance. For penile cancer treatment, modalities including surgery and different radiotherapy approaches are outlined.
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"Brain 5–HT System and inhibition of aggressive behaviour: K.A. Miczek, P. Donat." In Behavioral Pharmacology of 5-ht, 119–46. Psychology Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203771310-16.
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McCormack, Ann. "Pituitary Carcinoma." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes 3e, edited by John A. H. Wass, Wiebke Arlt, and Robert K. Semple, 263–71. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0029.
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Pituitary carcinomas (PC) are very rare, comprising just 0.2% of all pituitary tumours, but have a high mortality rate. Diagnosis of PC requires the documentation of craniospinal or systemic metastases. PC are thought to arise from a multistep genetic progression from a benign pituitary tumour. Certain subtypes of pituitary adenoma, such as silent corticotroph adenoma and plurihormonal PIT-1 positive adenomas, present a higher risk of aggressive behaviour. Clinical features such as the emergence of resistance to medical therapy or rapid tumour growth may also herald malignant transformation. PC frequently have an elevated Ki67 index (>3%), p53 overexpression, and increased mitotic activity, but the prognostic use of these histopathological markers is limited. The management of PC is challenging and requires a multimodal approach involving surgery, radiotherapy, and medical therapy. Temozolomide is used as first-line chemotherapy. Emerging second-line treatments include targeted therapies such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition and immunotherapy.
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van den Brink, Wim, and Falk Kiefer. "Alcohol use disorder." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, edited by John R. Geddes, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Guy M. Goodwin, 498–506. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0050.
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Alcohol is one of the most frequently used substances, and alcohol-related disorders are common, especially in western societies. While there is no safe lower drinking level, a clear dose–response relationship has been shown between alcohol intake and organ damage. Conceptualization and diagnostic classification of alcohol use disorders have changed over time, focusing most recently on aspects of craving, loss of control, and continued use despite negative consequences. Alcohol acts via various binding sites in the brain and via downstream effects, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, opioid, and neuroendocrine pathways. For its long-lasting, habit-forming effects, sensitization within the mesolimbic–mesocortical system is crucial. Psychological treatments traditionally focus on motivational enhancement, cognitive behaviour therapy, and the community reinforcement approach. Pharmacological treatment approaches range from aversive and reward-inhibiting to anti-craving compounds and cognitive enhancers, which target opioid, glutamatergic, and monoamine receptors. Improvement of treatment effects can be achieved by polypharmacy and use of personalized medicine, based on clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and genetic indicators.
Conference papers on the topic "Behavioural inhibition system"
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Ali, A. H., O. E. Abdel Salam, A. F. Waheed, and R. Abdel-Karim. "Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Cooling System Media by Non-Toxic Linear Sodium Octanoate." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75213.
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Sodium octanoate CH3-(CH2)6-COONa was found to be one of the straight chain aliphatic carboxylates that show good inhibition characteristics towards mild steel. However, as the previously tested concentrations were too high to be applied in the water treatment of secondary circuits, lower concentrations have been investigated in this research. The tested concentrations ranged from 10 to as high as 700 ppm. Potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss tests have been applied at room temperature to study the metal corrosion behaviour in the presence and absence of the tested corrosion inhibitor. The weight loss test simulated the dynamic condition of cooling water as water available at site ‘city water’ was allowed to circulate via pumps through a corrosion test rack in which carbon steel specimens were mounted. Results obtained from both tests were in good agreement. Results revealed that the concentration should not fall below 200 ppm for the tested inhibitor to be effective. The adsorption of inhibitor on the carbon steel surface was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of the carboxylate have been determined and discussed. The protective film formed due to the presence of the inhibitor at high concentration has been analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. FTIR spectra revealed that octanoate was adsorbed on the steel surface via its functional group.
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Merino, Juan, Xavier Gaona, Lara Duro, Jordi Bruno, and Aurora Marti´nez-Esparza. "On the Role of H2 as an Inhibitor of UO2 Matrix Dissolution." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7109.
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The study of spent fuel behaviour under disposal conditions is usually based on conservative approaches assuming oxidising conditions produced by water radiolysis at the fuel/water interface. However, the presence of H2 from container corrosion can inhibit the dissolution of the UO2 matrix and enhance its long-term stability. Several studies have confirmed the decrease in dissolution rates when H2 is present in the system, although the exact mechanisms of interaction have not been fully established. This paper deals with a radiolytic modelling exercise to explore the consequences of the interaction of H2 with radicals generated by radiolysis in the homogeneous phase. The main conclusion is that in all the modelled cases the presence of H2 in the system leads to a decrease in matrix dissolution. The extent of the inhibition, and the threshold partial pressure for the inhibition to take place, both depend in a complex way on the chemical composition of the water and the type of radiation present in the system.
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Marcelino Neto, Moisés, Amanda Guembaroski, Rigoberto Morales, and Amadeu Sum. "PHASE BEHAVIOUR OF CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATE SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN SODIUM CLORIDE AND ETHANOL INHIBITION EFFECT." In 16th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2016.cit2016-0191.
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Pinartjojo, Djoko, Edison Tamba Tua Hutahaean, Ian McManus, Aphrizal S. I. N. Nerwan, and Rudiny Hansen. "A Customized High Performance Water-Based Mud Solved the Challenge to Drill Reactive Shale Formation and Simplify the Logistic Challenge in an Exploration Well in Offshore East Kalimantan, Indonesia." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208199-ms.
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Abstract Exploration drilling obviously requires a robust drilling fluid system to be a key factor in overcoming both the known and unexpected challenges of a structure that consists of reactive clay and lost circulation zones. Extra consideration has to be given to regulatory environmental requirements and complications resulting from regional politics. A High-Performance Water Based Mud (HPWBM) system was selected to address the aforementioned issues. The HPWBM was customized to respond to the subsurface conditions with the main requirement to provide maximum shale inhibition through a non-dispersed environment. Polyamine was utilized to stabilize all types of clay; an encapsulation polymer and a non-ionic polymer were included to prevent dispersion and to seal micro-fractures. A complete shale study was performed to determine the optimum concentration of the base fluid and each shale inhibitor. Then hydraulic behaviour of the mud was simulated with contractor proprietary software to understand the parameters for optimal hole cleaning as well as Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) simulation. The HPWBM system successfully facilitated the execution of the exploration well and provided highly effective clay stabilization. No Non-Productive Time (NPT) was recorded as a result of reactive clay issues. The mud system also facilitated a good rate of penetration (ROP), formation stability, and lubricity. Waste cuttings transportation was not required. In addition, there is also no requirement for costly base oil including its associated transportation costs. The successful implementation of the HPWBM yielded an estimating saving of 25% compared to invert emulsion fluids, prior to considering costs associated with an expensive Liquid Mud Plant (LMP), environmental, and freight costs. Significant cost savings were achieved by eliminating the need for LMP rental, mobilization and demobilization. Another notable saving was realized from the reduced system maintenance of the HPWBM as less dilution was required compared to a regular Water Based Mud. Thinking outside of the box and embracing the departure from the default consideration of an invert system with a thorough risk assessment augmented value to wellbore construction. A smartly designed HPWBM system provided performance comparable to an invert emulsion system but with superior benefits with respect to environmental protection, simplified logistics and lower costs.
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Farooqui, Nazia M., and Kenneth S. Sorbie. "Oilfield Scale Inhibitors for Application in Precipitation Squeeze Treatments: Solubility of the Ca_PPCA Complex." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169792-ms.
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Abstract Chemical scale inhibitors (SI) are widely applied in the oil industry to prevent downhole scale formation in squeeze treatments. Poly-Phosphino Carboxylic Acid (PPCA) is an industry standard polymeric scale inhibitors which is often applied as a precipitation treatment, where PPCA forms a sparingly complex with calcium ions, denoted Ca_PPCA. In this paper, we study the detailed solubility behaviour of the Ca_PPCA complex which plays an important role in precipitation squeeze treatments. We describe several novel findings on the solubility of (Ca_PPCA) complex system. Specifically, 1.The precipitated Ca_PPCA complex was isolated and used to determine experimentally the solubility of the species involved in a field squeeze for various compositions and temperatures. 2.Different fractions of PPCA have been analysed by both ICP (for P) and Hyamine (for polymeric content) and for their inhibition efficiency (IE) against barite scale. We show that PPCA “precipitate” is richer in the higher molecular weight polymer components. 3.The solubility of the precipitated PPCA/Ca complex becomes lower as it is exposed to successive fresh supernatant brine and the behaviour is very unlike that expected from a “solubility product” model. We believe that these results are the most detailed to be published in the literature on the PPCA system and that they are of particular significance and application for all polymeric SI precipitation squeeze treatments. The significance of these results for field precipitation squeeze treatments is also discussed.
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Lohri, A., B. Huser, B. Lämmle, M. Oberholzer, G. Thiel, and F. Duckert. "FACTOR XII, PLASMA PREKALLIKREIN ,α2-MACROGLOBULIN AND C1-INHIBITOR LEVELS IN RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS DURING IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITH CYCLOSPORIN A." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644122.
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Factor XII clotting activity (FXII), Plasma Pre-kallikrein amidolytic activity (PK), 2-Macroglobulin ( α2-M) and cT-Inhibitor (cT-Inh) antigen have been measured in 17 patients immediately before and sequentially up to four months after kidney transplantation. Based on suspected Cyclosporin A (CyA) induced endothelial damage, activation of the contact system with resulting consumption of the contact activation factors was^evaluated. Before transplantation, FXII, PK, α2-M, Cl-Inh levels were 99±27%, 102±21%, 115±55%, and 129±32%, respectively. In the first two weeks after transplantation FXII decreased to 65±27%, PK to 67±20% and α2-M to 88±42%; Cl-Inh rose to a maximum of 201±44% (mean ± S. D.)(2p<0.001). Mean FXII levels correlated positively with PK, α2-M and albumin and negatively with CyA level and dose and serum bilirubin. PK and α2-M correlated positively with each other and with albumin and negatively with creatinine, bilirubin and CyA (p<0.01). The changes of FXII, PK and α2-M after transplantation suggest an influence of CyA on production or consumption of these factors. The behaviour of the cT-Inh may be unspecific and related to its action of an acute phase reactant.
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Anderson, Murray, David Bruton, and Malcolm Carr. "The Influence of Pipeline Insulation on Installation Temperature, Effective Force and Pipeline Buckling." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29317.
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High-performance insulated pipelines are designed for long cool-down times in operation. During the installation of such pipelines, the heat within the pipe as it leaves the lay vessel is not easily lost to the surrounding seawater. The ambient temperatures on the lay vessel, combined with significant heat input during welding and field joint coating, will result in the pipeline leaving the lay vessel at a temperature well above ambient deck temperature. The insulation system ensures that a significant amount of this heat will remain within the pipeline as it descends to the seabed, resulting in a higher than ambient installation temperature. As the pipeline cools to ambient seabed temperature, it is restrained on the seabed by axial friction thus generating effective tension in the pipeline. The magnitude of the locked in tension will depend on various factors, including the overall heat transfer coefficient, the system heat capacity, the water depth, water column temperature and the lay rate. Any significant locked in tension will influence the buckling behaviour of the pipeline by inhibiting buckle formation and reducing feed-in to lateral buckles. This paper presents a method to assess the temperature loss through the water column during installation of an insulated pipeline and the location, relative to the touchdown point, at which the pipeline becomes fully constrained. The modified as-installed temperature will much improve the accuracy of predicted buckling response at hydro-test or in operation.
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Shaw, S. S. S., and K. S. S. Sorbie. "Structure, Stoichiometry, and Modelling of Mixed Calcium Magnesium Phosphonate Scale Inhibitor Complexes for Application in Precipitation Squeeze Processes." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169751-ms.
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Abstract In this paper, the properties of precipitated “mixed” calcium and magnesium phosphonate scale inhibitor (SI) complexes formed by 9 common phosphonate species are investigated. These complexes are of the form SI_ CaNl _MgN2 where the stoichiometry (Ca2+/SI and Mg2+/SI molar ratios, i.e. N1 and N2) in various precipitates are established experimentally, and the effect of solution pH on the stoichiometry is determined. Static precipitation tests were performed varying the amounts of Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in the system (at a constant ionic strength), at test temperatures ranging from 20°C to 95°C, at a fixed [SI] = 2, 000ppm. The stoichiometries of the solid precipitates were determined by assaying for Ca2+, Mg2+, and P in the supernatant liquid, under each test condition, by ICP spectroscopy. It is shown experimentally that, for all 9 phosphonates tested, these stoichiometries (i.e. N1 and N2 in SI_ CaN1 _MgN2) depend on (i) the nature of the SI (i.e. M2+ binding sites per molecule); (ii) solution pH, which affects the speciation of the SI; (iii) the relative magnitude of the SI binding constants to Ca2+ and Mg2+ at the test pH (Kb1 and Kb2, respectively); and (iv) the solution molar ratio of Mg2+/Ca2+. It is found that, as pH increases, the combined molar ratio of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to SI, i.e. Nt = N1 + N2 in the complex, increases up to a theoretical maximum, Nt,max, depending on the chemical structure of the phosphonate (corroborating earlier work, SPE 155114, SPE 164051). In addition, the precipitation behaviour of the various compounds is modelled theoretically by developing and solving a set of simplified equilibrium equations. Very good agreement is seen between the modelling and experimental results. Such models can be used directly in the simulation of field phosphonate precipitation squeeze treatments in order to design and optimize squeeze lifetimes.
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Carriero, M. R., G. Pintucci, M. N. Castagnoli, R. Colombo, B. Lombardi, L. Mussoni, and G. de Gaetano. "ASPIRIN DOES NOT INHIBIT FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN TIA PATIENTS AFTER VENOUS OCCLUSION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644429.
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We have recently shown that In normal subjects aspirin (1,300 mg) and Indobufen (400 mg), a new cyclo-oxygenase Inhibitor structurally unrelated to salycilate, lower the fibrinolytic activity, without modifying t-PA antigen levels, after venous occlusion (VO). The aim of this study was to investigate whether aspirin reduces fibrinolytic response to VO also In patients with TIA. These patients were selected In view of controlled clinical trials showing reduction of TIA recurrency and stroke by treatment with high dose aspirin. Six males (56-65 yrs old), with previous TIA (< 1 year) were selected; the presence of diffuse atherothrombotlc lesions was demonstrated by doppler sonography and angiography. All patients were given, ten days apart, aspirin (600 mg daily x 2) or Indobufen (200 mg daily x 2) following a randomized cross-over single blind scheme. In all patients 10 minutes VO applied before any drug administration, Induced activation of the fibrinolytic system as assessed by euglobulin lysis area on fibrin plates (from 226±47 to 643±57 mm2), t-PA antigen (from 13.8± 1.0 to 40.9±3.1 ng/ml) and PA-1 activity (from 39.5+5.0 to 14.8±1.6 AU/ml). Neither aspirin nor Indobufen Ingestion resulted In any Inhibitory effect on fibrinolytic response to VO while both drugs suppressed serum thromboxane 02 generation by more than 98%. In conclusion high dose aspirin and Indobufen do not Impair the fibrinolytic potential In TIA patients with atherothrombotlc lesions. The reasons for the different behaviour of patients In respect to young healthy volunteers remain to be established.
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Addagalla, Ajay, Luigi Moroni, Besmir Hoxha, and Ahmed Gad. "Wellbore Stabilizing Nanomaterial Assist to Drill Over-Pressured Formations." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210098-ms.
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Abstract As the oil and gas industry looks for more prolific opportunities, the complexities of drilling have become more sophisticated and consequently there is more risk associated with borehole stability, differential sticking, and mud losses. Some wells, despite their very narrow operating window, require high mud weights to prevent borehole collapse. Therefore, wells are drilled with inherent risks of stuck-pipe, fluid losses, and possible set contingency casing string - all of which can be very expensive in terms of equipment, and lost time. Drilling through shale is inevitable. Shale tends to be characterized as high in-situ stresses, fissile, laminated, with low permeability. It has been observed that wellbore stability problems occur due to lack of appropriate inhibition from drilling fluids. The most important variable in maintaining shale stability is the prevention of pressure invasion into the shale matrix. Shale stability is achieved when fluid invasion is reduced, and differential pressure support is maintained using pressure reducing additives that provide borehole support. There are many additives currently being used for this application, but all have their limitations, and not all are properly used for appropriate applications. The latest development in Nanotechnology offers the opportunity to utilise the features of nano-sized particles (sub-micron) in drilling fluids where conventional products fail to deliver required wellbore stability at the target zones. The stabilizing nanoparticle is a dry solid with a particle size of approximately 100-200 nano-meters, deformable, stable, and with a dispersed zeta potential -10 to -20mV. The product can mechanically ‘seal’ micro-fractures and possibly large pore throats in shale thus assisting in forming a semi-permeable membrane. Additionally, the application of these particles could be extended to stabilize weak-bedding planes in geomechanically sensitive formations. This paper will discuss a product that is suitable for use in both water base and oil base muds that functions to improve wellbore stability at high over-balance pressures. Herein, detailed laboratory work will demonstrate the product behaviour in different mud systems while reducing pore pressure transmission. Additionally, the product has shown to have great stability in high salt and high pH environments while being inert with respect to rheological property changes.