Relevant bibliographies by topics / Behavioural epidemiology

Academic literature on the topic 'Behavioural epidemiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Behavioural epidemiology"

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Crawford, David, and Neville Owen. "The behavioural epidemiology of weight control." Australian Journal of Public Health 18, no. 2 (February 12, 2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1994.tb00215.x.

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Liao, Jiaqiang, Shaoping Yang, Wei Xia, Anna Peng, Jinzhu Zhao, Yuanyuan Li, Yimin Zhang, et al. "Associations of exposure to green space with problem behaviours in preschool-aged children." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 944–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz243.

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Abstract Background Limited evidence is available regarding the association of green-space exposure with childhood behavioural development. This study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to green space with multiple syndromes of behavioural development in preschool children. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China from April 2016 to June 2018. We recruited a sample of 6039 children aged 5–6 years from 17 kindergartens located in five urban districts of the city. We measured the greenness using average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within a circular buffer area of 100 metres surrounding the central point of residences and kindergartens. We calculated the residence–kindergarten-weighted greenness by assuming that children spent 16 hours per day at home and 8 hours at kindergarten. The problem behaviours of children were evaluated at kindergarten using the Childhood Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and standardized into problem behavioural T scores. Linear mixed-effect models and linear-regression models were used to estimate the associations. Results We observed decreases in problem behaviours associated with kindergarten and residence–kindergarten-weighted surrounding greenness in preschool children. For example, a one-interquartile range increase in kindergarten and residence–kindergarten-weighted NDVI was associated with decreased T scores for total behaviour by −0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.09, −0.13) and −0.49 (95% CI −0.85, −0.12), anxiety and depression by −0.65 (95% CI: −1.13, −0.17) and −0.46 (95% CI: −0.82, −0.10), aggressive behaviour by −0.53 (95% CI: −1.01, −0.05) and −0.38 (95% CI: −0.75, −0.02) and hyperactivity and attention deficit by −0.54 (95% CI: −1.01, −0.07) and −0.48 (95% CI: −0.83, −0.12), respectively. Stratified analyses indicated that the associations of green-space exposure with problem behaviours were stronger in boys than in girls. Conclusions Children attending kindergartens with higher levels of surrounding green space exhibited better behavioural development. The mechanisms underlying these associations should be explored further.
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Bro-Jørgensen, Jakob, Daniel W. Franks, and Kristine Meise. "Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1781 (July 29, 2019): 20190008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0008.

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The impact of environmental change on the reproduction and survival of wildlife is often behaviourally mediated, placing behavioural ecology in a central position to quantify population- and community-level consequences of anthropogenic threats to biodiversity. This theme issue demonstrates how recent conceptual and methodological advances in the discipline are applied to inform conservation. The issue highlights how the focus in behavioural ecology on understanding variation in behaviour between individuals, rather than just measuring the population mean, is critical to explaining demographic stochasticity and thereby reducing fuzziness of population models. The contributions also show the importance of knowing the mechanisms by which behaviour is achieved, i.e. the role of learning, reasoning and instincts, in order to understand how behaviours change in human-modified environments, where their function is less likely to be adaptive. More recent work has thus abandoned the ‘adaptationist’ paradigm of early behavioural ecology and increasingly measures evolutionary processes directly by quantifying selection gradients and phenotypic plasticity. To support quantitative predictions at the population and community levels, a rich arsenal of modelling techniques has developed, and interdisciplinary approaches show promising prospects for predicting the effectiveness of alternative management options, with the social sciences, movement ecology and epidemiology particularly pertinent. The theme issue furthermore explores the relevance of behaviour for global threat assessment, and practical advice is given as to how behavioural ecologists can augment their conservation impact by carefully selecting and promoting their study systems, and increasing their engagement with local communities, natural resource managers and policy-makers. Its aim to uncover the nuts and bolts of how natural systems work positions behavioural ecology squarely in the heart of conservation biology, where its perspective offers an all-important complement to more descriptive ‘big-picture’ approaches to priority setting. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation’.
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Javed, Nouman, Asim Bhatti, and Prasad N. Paradkar. "Advances in Understanding Vector Behavioural Traits after Infection." Pathogens 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111376.

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Vector behavioural traits, such as fitness, host-seeking, and host-feeding, are key determinants of vectorial capacity, pathogen transmission, and epidemiology of the vector-borne disease. Several studies have shown that infection with pathogens can alter these behavioural traits of the arthropod vector. Here, we review relevant publications to assess how pathogens modulate the behaviour of mosquitoes and ticks, major vectors for human diseases. The research has shown that infection with pathogens alter the mosquito’s flight activity, mating, fecundity, host-seeking, blood-feeding, and adaptations to insecticide bed nets, and similarly modify the tick’s locomotion, questing heights, vertical and horizontal walks, tendency to overcome obstacles, and host-seeking ability. Although some of these behavioural changes may theoretically increase transmission potential of the pathogens, their effect on the disease epidemiology remains to be verified. This study will not only help in understanding virus–vector interactions but will also benefit in establishing role of these behavioural changes in improved epidemiological models and in devising new vector management strategies.
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Arnot, Megan, Eva Brandl, O. L. K. Campbell, Yuan Chen, Juan Du, Mark Dyble, Emily H. Emmott, et al. "How evolutionary behavioural sciences can help us understand behaviour in a pandemic." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2020, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoaa038.

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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has brought science into the public eye and to the attention of governments more than ever before. Much of this attention is on work in epidemiology, virology and public health, with most behavioural advice in public health focusing squarely on ‘proximate’ determinants of behaviour. While epidemiological models are powerful tools to predict the spread of disease when human behaviour is stable, most do not incorporate behavioural change. The evolutionary basis of our preferences and the cultural evolutionary dynamics of our beliefs drive behavioural change, so understanding these evolutionary processes can help inform individual and government decision-making in the face of a pandemic. Lay summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought behavioural sciences into the public eye: Without vaccinations, stopping the spread of the virus must rely on behaviour change by limiting contact between people. On the face of it, “stop seeing people” sounds simple. In practice, this is hard. Here we outline how an evolutionary perspective on behaviour change can provide additional insights. Evolutionary theory postulates that our psychology and behaviour did not evolve to maximize our health or that of others. Instead, individuals are expected to act to maximise their inclusive fitness (i.e, spreading our genes) – which can lead to a conflict between behaviours that are in the best interests for the individual, and behaviours that stop the spread of the virus. By examining the ultimate explanations of behaviour related to pandemic-management (such as behavioural compliance and social distancing), we conclude that “good of the group” arguments and “one size fits all” policies are unlikely to encourage behaviour change over the long-term. Sustained behaviour change to keep pandemics at bay is much more likely to emerge from environmental change, so governments and policy makers may need to facilitate significant social change – such as improving life experiences for disadvantaged groups.
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Hughes, G., and M. Catchpole. "Surveillance of sexually transmitted infections in England and Wales." Eurosurveillance 3, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 61–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.03.06.00099-en.

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Owing to the unique link between the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human behaviour, the surveillance of STIs requires the collection of more demographic and behavioural data than for other infectious diseases. In order to supp
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Kanarek, N. "Global Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance." American Journal of Epidemiology 159, no. 8 (April 15, 2004): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh113.

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Willamson, Ann, and Anne-Marie Feyer. "Behavioural epidemiology as a tool for accident research." Journal of Occupational Accidents 12, no. 1-3 (June 1990): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90107-7.

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Young, Marcus, Natasha Holmes, Raymond Robbins, Nada Marhoon, Sobia Amjad, Ary Serpa Neto, and Rinaldo Bellomo. "Natural language processing to assess the epidemiology of delirium-suggestive behavioural disturbances in critically ill patients." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.2.oa1.

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Background: There is no gold standard approach for delirium diagnosis, making the assessment of its epidemiology difficult. Delirium can only be inferred though observation of behavioural disturbance and described with relevant nouns or adjectives. Objective: We aimed to use natural language processing (NLP) and its identification of words descriptive of behavioural disturbance to study the epidemiology of delirium in critically ill patients. Study design: Retrospective study using data collected from the electronic health records of a university-affiliated intensive care unit (ICU) in Melbourne, Australia. Participants: 12 375 patients Intervention: Analysis of electronic progress notes. Identification using NLP of at least one of a list of words describing behavioural disturbance within such notes. Results: We analysed 199 648 progress notes in 12 375 patients. Of these, 5108 patients (41.3%) had NLP-diagnosed behavioural disturbance (NLP-Dx-BD). Compared with those who did not have NLP-Dx-DB, these patients were older, more severely ill, and likely to have medical or unplanned admissions, neurological diagnosis, chronic kidney or liver disease and to receive mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy (P < 0.001). The unadjusted hospital mortality for NLP-Dx-BD patients was 14.1% versus 9.6% for patients without NLP-Dx-BD. After adjustment for baseline characteristics and illness severity, NLP-Dx-BD was not associated with increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% CI, 0.80–1.10); a finding robust to multiple sensitivity, subgroups and time of observation subcohort analyses. In mechanically ventilated patients, NLP-Dx-BD was associated with decreased hospital mortality (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65–0.99) after adjustment for baseline severity of illness and year of admission. Conclusions: NLP enabled rapid assessment of large amounts of data identifying a population of ICU patients with typical high risk characteristics for delirium. Moreover, this technique enabled identification of previously poorly understood associations. Further investigations of this technique appear justified.
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Silk, M. J., S. Carrignon, R. A. Bentley, and N. H. Fefferman. "Improving pandemic mitigation policies across communities through coupled dynamics of risk perception and infection." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1955 (July 21, 2021): 20210834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0834.

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Capturing the coupled dynamics between individual behavioural decisions that affect disease transmission and the epidemiology of outbreaks is critical to pandemic mitigation strategy. We develop a multiplex network approach to model how adherence to health-protective behaviours that impact COVID-19 spread are shaped by perceived risks and resulting community norms. We focus on three synergistic dynamics governing individual behavioural choices: (i) social construction of concern, (ii) awareness of disease incidence, and (iii) reassurance by lack of disease. We show why policies enacted early or broadly can cause communities to become reassured and therefore unwilling to maintain or adopt actions. Public health policies for which success relies on collective action should therefore exploit the behaviourally receptive phase ; the period between the generation of sufficient concern to foster adoption of novel actions and the relaxation of adherence driven by reassurance fostered by avoidance of negative outcomes over time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Behavioural epidemiology"

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Flisher, Alan John. "Studies in behavioural epidemiology." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26740.

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Collection of papers submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Cape Town, in fulfilment of the requirements of Part III of the Degree Master of Medicine in Psychiatry.
The following five papers are included in this collection. Paper 1. Flisher AJ, Joubert G, Yach D. Mortality from external causes in South African adolescents, 1984 - 1986. South African Medical Journal 1992; 81: 77-80. Paper 2. Flisher AJ, Chalton DO. High school dropouts in a working-class South African community: selected characteristics and risk-taking behaviour. Journal of Adolescence (in press). Paper 3. Flisher AJ, Roberts MM, Blignaut RJ. Youth attending Cape Peninsula day hospitals. Sexual behaviour and missed opportunities for contraception counselling. South African Medical Journal 1992; 82: 104-106. Paper 4. Flisher AJ, Parry CDH. Suicide in South Africa. An analysis of nationally registered mortality data for 1984-1986. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (in press). Paper 5. Flisher AJ, Parry CDH, Bradshaw D, Juritz J. Suicide in South Africa - seasonal variation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (to be submitted) .
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Medland, Sarah. "The genetic epidemiology of behavioural laterality /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19204.pdf.

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Ali, Nabeel Jawad. "The epidemiology and consequences of sleep and breathing disorders in young children." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264889.

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Renton, Adrian Mark. "The epidemiology of gonorrhoea in adults and its sexual behavioural determinants." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283441.

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Saxton, Peter John Waring, and n/a. "HIV epidemiology and behavioural surveillance among men who have sex with men in New Zealand." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090505.150029.

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AIMS: HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) in New Zealand increased from the year 2001. The aim of the thesis was to improve understandings of the causes of the increase, in order to inform HIV prevention and identify further research needs. METHODS: Epidemiological data on HIV and AIDS diagnoses among MSM in New Zealand were examined using information from the AIDS Epidemiology Group. A programme of regular behavioural surveillance among MSM was also designed and conducted. RESULTS: Between 1996-2005, HIV diagnoses among MSM by antibody testing where HIV infection was acquired in New Zealand revealed two distinct phases: A very low period between 1997 to 2000 in which around 21 diagnoses were recorded annually; and a resurgent period from 2001 to 2005 where annual HIV diagnoses experienced a sustained rise to 66 at the end of 2005. New adjusted estimates indicated that known prevalent HIV cases among MSM in New Zealand increased from 437 to 588 between 1995 and 2000 (35%), and from 588 to 965 (64%) between 2000 and 2005. This reflected diverging trends from the mid-1990s: Ongoing new HIV infections among MSM which accelerated from the year 2000; and decreased deaths from AIDS due to improved antiretroviral treatments. Unless the growing number of MSM with HIV is counterbalanced by a decrease in the rate of secondary transmission from positive individuals, it will increase the number of new HIV infections. Contrary to this, when expressed as diagnosed incidence-to-prevalence pool ratios (IPRs), the average annual rate of secondary transmission was found to be increasing over time. The behavioural surveillance programme in Auckland surveyed 812 MSM in 2002, 1220 in 2004, and 1228 in 2006. An online module in 2006 additionally surveyed 2141 MSM, 647 of whom lived in Auckland. There were no overall changes in HIV testing over the three offline surveys, suggesting that the increase in HIV diagnoses was not an artefact of testing patterns. There were also no widespread changes in the rate of unprotected anal sex with casual sex partners, or partners described as a "fuckbuddy" or a "boyfriend", among the overall offline samples. However, the proportion of MSM recruited offline who had recently engaged in sex with a man met through the Internet increased significantly from 2002 to 2004 (from 26.6% to 44.8%). When MSM surveyed online in 2006 were examined, they exhibited riskier behaviours compared to offline-recruited respondents. For example, rates of non-condom use and sexual partner concurrency were especially high, and testing rates were lower. CONCLUSION: It is likely that moderate changes involving increases in unprotected sex for some MSM, and alterations to sexual networks and sexual connectivity, have combined to push the reproductive rate of HIV beyond the new epidemic threshold set by the increase in longevity from the mid-1990s. These changes need not have been great if the reproductive rate of HIV was already situated close to the epidemic tipping point. In this case, a resurgent outbreak of HIV may even have been triggered by apparently small and subtle shifts in factors influencing HIV spread.
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Pinot, de Moira Angela Claire. "The micro-epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni within a Ugandan fishing community : behavioural, environmental and immunological aspects of infection." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612430.

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Borglund, Lisa. "Engagement and disengagement in school : A quantitative study examining behavioural and emotional engagement and disengagement in school among 6th graders in Sweden." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55099.

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Education affects both the health and personal development of an individual, and higher levels of education are associated with better health and higher socioeconomic status. There are gender differences in school performance in Sweden, with girls performing better than boys. Engagement can influence positive school performance, whereas disengagement can lead to alienation and indifference toward school and affect school performance negatively. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between behavioural and emotional engagement and disengagement, and if there are gender differences in engagement and disengagement, among children in 6th grade in Sweden. The study was conducted through quantitative method using secondary cross-sectional data. The result showed a positive association between behavioural engagement and emotional engagement (rho=0.84, p<0.001) and between behavioural and emotional disengagement (rho= 0.74, p<0.001). Girls had statistically significant higher behavioural and emotional engagement than boys, whereas boys had higher behavioural and emotional disengagement than girls. In conclusion, the levels of behavioural and emotional engagement are associated, as are the levels of behavioural and emotional disengagement. There are gender differences, where girls are more likely to be engaged in school compared to boys and boys are more likely to be disengaged in school compared to girls.
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Englund, Ida. "“Recruitment of research participants into randomized controlled trials of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis”." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415871.

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Introduction  Research about health has become a very important part of the world today. Theres a constant need for new treatment methods and evidence. Recruitment is one of the most challenging parts of conducting a trial, especially in trials regarding mental health. The result of this is often a waste of money and resources in research. Method  This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the recruitment in randomized controlled trials on internet-based CBT interventions for depression.  Results  The recruitment rates were calculated as number of participants screened divided by number of participants randomized into the trial. The overall recruitment rates of all the trials was 54.3%. The analysis of the recruitment moderators shown that a clinical recruitment setting together with referral as recruitment personnel.
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Júlvez, Calvo Jordi. "Early life factors influencing neurodevelopment and the study of the interrelations between different behavioural areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7168.

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Antecedents: No hi ha gaire coneixement sobre el neurodesenvolupament de preescolars i la seva susceptibilitat enfront a factors ambientals.
Objectius: Avaluar les respostes del neurodesenvolupament en nens i les seves característiques psicomètriques, i, si factors ambientals primerencs (ex., duració de la lactància materna i mares que fumen) poden influir tals respostes.
Mètodes: Dues cohorts prospectives des del naixement en població general (Menorca (N=421) i Ribera d'Ebre (N=79)) van se seguides fins als 4 anys d'edat durant un període de dos anys (2001-2003). Els nens van ser avaluats per tres psicòlegs i els seus respectius mestres per les funcions neuropsicològiques (MCSA), els comportaments de dèficit d'atenció i d'hiperactivitat (TDAH-DSM-IV) i la competència social (CPSCS); junt amb l'administració (en persona) a les mares de qüestionaris generals.
Resultats: Les respostes van mostrar característiques psicomètriques acceptables i els patrons neuropsicològics del TDAH eren consistents amb altres troballes sobre TDAH. La lactància materna de llarga durada estava associada amb una millora de totes les àrees comportamentals avaluades. Fumar durant l'embaràs estava associat a puntuacions cognitives més baixes.
Conclusions: Avaluar el neurodesenvolupament a preescolars sans és factible i necessari per investigar efectes primerencs de factors ambientals i aplicar polítiques preventives de salut pública.
Background: Little is known about neurodevelopment among preschoolers and its susceptibility to environmental factors.
Objectives: Assess neurodevelopmental outcomes and their psychometric characteristics in children; and, if early environmental factors (i.e., duration of breastfeeding and maternal smoking) influence the neurobehavioral outcomes.
Methods: Two prospective population-based birth cohorts (Menorca (N=421) and Ribera d'Ebre county (N=79)) were followed up at the age of 4 years during a two year period (2001-2003). Children were assessed by three psychologists and their respective teachers for neuropsychological functions (MCSA), inattention-hyperactivity behaviors (ADHD-DSM-IV) and social behavior (CPSCS); in addition to maternal in person general questionnaires.
Results: Outcomes showed acceptable psychometric characteristics and ADHD neuropsychological patterns were consistent with other ADHD findings. Long-term breastfeeding was associated with the improvement of all behavioral areas assessed. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with lower cognitive scores.
Conclusions: Assessing neurodevelopment in healthy preschoolers is feasible and necessary to investigate early effects of environmental factors and apply public health preventive policies.
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Hurtig, T. (Tuula). "Adolescent ADHD and family environment—an epidemiological and clinical study of ADHD in the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514284229.

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Abstract The primary aim of this study was to survey attention and behavioural problems among Finnish adolescents living in different family environments. The second aim was to study the psychosocial well-being of these adolescents. The third aim was to study the psychiatric comorbidity of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in association with the family environment. The fourth aim was to study the persistence of ADHD from childhood to adolescence. In the first phase, 15-year-old adolescents and their parents from the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort (N = 9432) completed questionnaires on attention and behavioural problems, family characteristics and the life situation of the adolescents. In the second phase, 457 adolescents aged from 16 to 18 years were drawn from the cohort. After assessment with a clinical semi-structured interview, logistic regression models were used to study ADHD and the persistence of the diagnosis and comorbid psychopathology in association with family characteristics. Girls reported more commonly than boys attention and behavioural problems, while their parents reported more attention problems in their sons than daughters. Living in other than intact families was related to attention and behavioural problems in both genders. Adolescents with ADHD symptoms considered their physical health and psychosocial well-being poor more often than their controls. Psychosocial problems accumulated for those with many ADHD symptoms. Adolescents with ADHD had more commonly than others comorbid behavioural disorder, alcohol abuse and depression. Those with ADHD and comorbidity lived more commonly than others in non-intact families, in low-income families, with mothers who were dissatisfied with life and with parents who showed little interest in their adolescent's activities. Persistence of ADHD into adolescence occurred in about two thirds of cases. Those who persisted with the diagnosis compared to those who remitted it had more dreamy-like inattentive symptoms, and had more often early-onset comorbid depression or oppositional defiant disorder and had more often fathers with attention problems. These results indicate that attention and behavioural problems are common among adolescents in Finland, especially among those living in disrupted families. Being a persistent disorder, ADHD warrants more concern in primary health care and the educational system in order to prevent the concurrent development of other psychiatric and psychosocial problems. In primary health care, family intervention is essential
Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli ensiksi selvittää suomalaisten nuorten tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmia suhteessa nuoren perherakenteeseen. Toiseksi tutkittiin näiden nuorten psykososiaalista hyvinvointia. Kolmanneksi tavoitteena oli tutkia ADHD:n (tarkkaavuushäiriö) psykiatrisia liitännäissairauksia suhteessa perheympäristöön. Neljäntenä tavoitteena oli tutkia ADHD:n pysyvyyttä lapsuudesta nuoruuteen. Tutkimuksen ensimmäisessä vaiheessa Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1986 syntymäkohorttiin kuuluvat 15-vuotiaat nuoret (N = 9 432), ja heidän vanhempansa täyttivät kyselylomakkeet. Kysymykset koskivat nuoren tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmia, perheympäristöä ja nuoren elämäntilannetta. Toisessa vaiheessa tutkittiin 457 16–18-vuotiasta kohorttiin kuuluvaa nuorta. Nuoret arvioitiin käyttäen puolistrukturoitua kliinistä haastattelua. Logistisia regressiomalleja käytettiin kuvaamaan ADHD-diagnoosia ja sen pysyvyyttä sekä psykiatrisia liitännäissairauksia suhteessa perheympäristöön. Tytöt raportoivat poikia useammin tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmista, kun taas vanhemmat raportoivat tarkkaavuuden ongelmia olevan useammin pojilla kuin tytöillä. Perhetaustaltaan muu kuin ydinperhe oli yhteydessä tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmiin sekä tytöillä että pojilla. Nuoret, joilla oli ADHD-oireita, pitivät terveyttään ja psykososiaalista hyvinvointiaan huonona useammin kuin nuoret, joilla näitä oireita ei ollut. Psykososiaaliset ongelmat kasaantuivat niillä nuorilla, joilla oli paljon ADHD-oireita. Myös käyttäytymishäiriöistä, alkoholin väärinkäytöstä ja masennuksesta kärsivät muita useammin nuoret, joilla havaittiin ADHD. Nuoret, joilla oli ADHD ja edellä mainittu liitännäissairaus, asuivat muita useammin muussa kuin ydinperheessä, alemman tulotason perheessä, äidin kanssa, joka oli tyytymätön elämäänsä tai vanhempien kanssa, jotka eivät olleet kiinnostuneet nuorensa asioista. ADHD-diagnoosi pysyi nuoruuteen noin kahdella kolmasosalla niistä, joilla se oli lapsuudessa. Niillä nuorilla, joilla diagnoosi pysyi, oli muita useammin unelmoivasta hajamielisyydestä kertovia tarkkaamattomuusoireita, varhain alkanut masennus- tai käyttäytymishäiriö tai isä, jolla oli itsellään ADHD-oireita. Nämä tulokset osoittavat, että tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmat ovat yleisiä suomalaisilla nuorilla, ja erityisesti niillä, jotka asuvat muussa kuin ydinperheessä. Koska ADHD on pysyvä häiriö, se tulee ottaa paremmin huomioon perusterveydenhuollossa ja koulumaailmassa, jotta voitaisiin ehkäistä muita psykiatrisia ja psykososiaalisia ongelmia. Perusterveydenhuollossa erityisesti perheinterventiot ovat tärkeitä
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Books on the topic "Behavioural epidemiology"

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Adekunl, Lola Vivian. A handbook of social & behavioural epidemiology in Africa. Ibadan, Nigeria: Vita Books Publications, 2010.

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Leitzmann, Michael F., Carmen Jochem, and Daniela Schmid, eds. Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3.

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Debra, Creedy, ed. Health and human behaviour. 2nd ed. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Ken, Jones. Health and human behaviour. Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press, 2003.

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C, MacArthur, and Simons K. J, eds. Sexual behaviour and AIDS in Britain. London: HMSO, 1993.

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Council, Human Sciences Research, Centre for AIDS Development, Research and Evaluation, South African Medical Research Council, and National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa), eds. South African national HIV prevalence , incidence, behaviour and communication survey, 2008: A turning tide among teenagers. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2009.

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Health, Fiji Ministry of. Second generation surveillance surveys of HIV, other STIs, and risk behaviours in 6 Pacific Island countries, 2004-2005. Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office, 2006.

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1946-, Tielman Rob, Carballo, Manuel, 1941 Apr. 10-, and Hendriks Aart, eds. Bisexuality & HIV/AIDS: A global perspective. Buffalo, N.Y: Prometheus Books, 1991.

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New Introduction to Social and Behavioural Sciences in Dentistry. Routledge,an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd, 1989.

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Minett, Thais, Blossom Stephan, and Carol Brayne. Epidemiology of old age psychiatry: an overview of concepts and main studies. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0005.

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Epidemiology is the foundation of public health and rational planning of services. In the field of old age psychiatry, the information provided by epidemiological research has been highly influential. As the world older population is growing proportionally faster than the other age segments, there is a continuous need for further epidemiological research in old age psychiatry. Neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression and dementia, cognitive impairment, behavioural and functional decline, place a considerable onus on the health, social and economic systems. This chapter presents some of the world demographic data and basic epidemiological concepts, discusses some methodological issues in the epidemiology of mental disorders in old age, and presents a summary of many of the most important studies in this field.
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Book chapters on the topic "Behavioural epidemiology"

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Falloon, I., J. Boyd, H. Moss, V. Cardin, C. McGill, J. Razani, J. Pederson, and J. Doane. "Behavioural Family Therapy for Schizophrenia: A Controlled Two-Year Study." In Epidemiology and Community Psychiatry, 481–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4700-2_73.

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Wu, Jianhong, and Xue Zhang. "Ecology, Epidemiology and Global Public Health Burden of Tick-Borne Diseases." In Transmission Dynamics of Tick-Borne Diseases with Co-Feeding, Developmental and Behavioural Diapause, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54024-1_1.

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Stewart, Gordon T. "The epidemiology and transmission of AIDS: a hypothesis linking behavioural and biological determinants to time, person and place." In AIDS: Virus- or Drug Induced?, 163–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1651-7_14.

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Jochem, Carmen, Daniela Schmid, and Michael F. Leitzmann. "Introduction to Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology." In Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology, 3–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_1.

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Lynch, Brigid M., Shahid Mahmood, and Terry Boyle. "Sedentary Behaviour and Cancer." In Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology, 245–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_10.

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Hamer, Mark, and Lee Smith. "Sedentary Behaviour and Depression." In Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology, 299–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_11.

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Smith, Lee, and Mark Hamer. "Sedentary Behaviour and Psychosocial Health Across the Life Course." In Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology, 311–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_12.

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Skelton, Dawn A., Juliet A. Harvey, and Calum F. Leask. "Sedentary Behaviour and Ageing." In Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology, 319–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_13.

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Grace, Megan S., and David W. Dunstan. "Sedentary Behaviour and Mortality." In Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology, 339–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_14.

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Hadgraft, Nyssa T., David W. Dunstan, and Neville Owen. "Models for Understanding Sedentary Behaviour." In Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology, 381–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Behavioural epidemiology"

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Amaro, Joana, Maja Popovic, Milena Maule, Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum, Raquel Lucas, and Raquel Costa. "O-250 Association of child neurodevelopmental and behavioural problems with maternal unemployment in a population-based birth cohort." In 28th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2021). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2021-epi.136.

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Jennings, AA, and SBF Dhuny. "P25 A descriptive cross sectional study of GPs knowledge of and attitudes towards the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.176.

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Shan, Bowei. "The Spread of Malware on the WiFi Network: Epidemiology Model and Behaviour Evaluation." In 2009 1st International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2009.1285.

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Peters, Cheryl, Ela Rydz, Andrew Harper, Brandon Leong, Victoria H. Arrandale, Sunil Kalia, Thomas Tenkate, Lindsay Forsman-Phillips, and D. Linn Holness. "O-277 Solar UVR exposure among outdoor workers in Alberta: Measurements and protective behaviours." In 28th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2021). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2021-epi.121.

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Ven, David van de, Suzan Robroek, Karen Oude Hengel, Sander van Zon, Sandra Brouwer, Patricia Ots, Lex Burdorf, and Merel Schuring. "O-297 The impact of within-individual changes in working conditions, health behaviour and BMI on work ability and self-rated health: a fixed-effects analysis among Dutch workers." In 28th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2021). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2021-epi.151.

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South, E., N. Meader, A. Hodkinson, H. Dale, M. White, C. Power, M. Petticrew, K. Wright, and A. Sowden. "OP109 Multiple risk behaviour interventions in overweight and obese adults: systematic review and meta-analysis." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.69.

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Esat, Volkan, and Memis Acar. "Biomechanical Response of a Functional Spine Unit Under Various Loading Conditions: A Viscoelastic Finite Element Approach." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61728.

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Biomechanical and epidemiologic studies state that recreational activity and industrial work, embodying static work postures, physically heavy tasks, frequent bending, and twisting motions, lifting and sudden loading incidents are highly related to low back pain disorders. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the low back pain under severe and traumatic static and dynamic loading conditions, the finite element (FE) technique is widely used as a computational method to model, simulate and analyse the behaviour of the spinal segments in the lumbar spine, which are much more difficult with in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. Intervertebral discs, having many other functions, support a huge extent of the compressive loadings the trunk is subjected to. The results of the FE analyses can be employed to understand the injury mechanisms occurring in and about the intervertebral discs, providing stress and strain distributions, and to aid the therapists in selecting the type of treatment for low back pain, and in developing guidelines for industrial safety.
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Flannery, C., M. Fredrix, EK Olander, FM McAuliffe, M. Byrne, and PM Kearney. "P14 Physical activity interventions for overweight and obesity during pregnancy: a systematic review of the content of behaviour change interventions." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.165.

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McHugh, S., J. Presseau, C. Luecking, and B. Powell. "P73 Identifying the active ingredients in implementation: qualitative content analysis of the overlap between behaviour change techniques and implementation strategies." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.224.

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Nicolson, H. "P75 Examining total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour using the socio-ecological model – a cross-sectional study of irish adults." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.226.

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Reports on the topic "Behavioural epidemiology"

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Rancans, Elmars, Jelena Vrublevska, Ilana Aleskere, Baiba Rezgale, and Anna Sibalova. Mental health and associated factors in the general population of Latvia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rīga Stradiņš University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/0mqsi9.

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Description The goal of the study was to assess mental health, socio-psychological and behavioural aspects in the representative sample of Latvian general population in online survey, and to identify vulnerable groups during COVID-19 pandemic and develop future recommendations. The study was carried out from 6 to 27 July 2020 and was attributable to the period of emergency state from 11 March to 10 June 2020. The protocol included demographic data and also data pertaining to general health, previous self-reported psychiatric history, symptoms of anxiety, clinically significant depression and suicidality, as well as a quality of sleep, sex, family relationships, finance, eating and exercising and religion/spirituality, and their changes during the pandemic. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was used to determine the presence of distress or depression, the Risk Assessment of Suicidality Scale was used to assess suicidal behaviour, current symptoms of anxiety were assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y. (2021-02-04) Subject Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Keyword: COVID19, pandemic, depression, anxiety, suicidality, mental health, Latvia
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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