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1

McQuoid, Malcolm Robert James. A neural architecture for emergent serial behaviour. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1997.

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2

National Collaborating Centre for Nursing and Supportive Care (Great Britain), ed. Violence: The short-term management of disturbed/violent behaviour in in-patient psychiatric settings and emergency departments. [Place of publication not identified]: Royal College of Nursing, 2006.

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3

Groom, Kathleen. An evaluation of the emergent reading behaviour of preschool children in contrasting settings. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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4

Kennedy, Richard E. Emergence of normative beliefs legitimizing antisocial behaviour in adolescents: The roles of monitoring, attachment, and temperament. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005.

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5

A history of attitudes and behaviours toward animals in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain: Anthropocentrism and the emergence of animals. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2008.

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6

J, Van Every Elizabeth, ed. The emergent organization: Communication as its site and surface. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000.

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7

Elliott, H. Heavy metal behaviour and the role of the emergent macrophyte in natural wetlands at Parys Mountain,Anglesey, North Wales. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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8

1945-, Armstrong Pat, ed. Medical alert: New work organizations in health care. Toronto: Garamond Press, 1996.

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9

Perry, Ronald W. Behavioural Foundations Of Community Emergency Planning. Taylor & Francis, 1992.

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10

Greaves, Ian, and Paul Hunt. Psychological Aspects of Major Incidents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199238088.003.0014.

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Chapter 14 covers information on individual risk factors, adverse psychological effects, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological ‘first aid’, management of mental health issues, components of an effective response, dealing with psychological problems in emergency personnel, mass sociogenic illness, behavioural changes following an incident, and psychological problems in children.
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11

Santos, Susana, Hans Landström, Alain Fayolle, António Caetano, and Craig Mitchell. The Emergence of Entrepreneurial Behaviour. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781786434432.

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12

Holland, John H. 1. Complex systems. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199662548.003.0001.

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What is complexity? A complex system, such as a tropical rainforest, is a tangled web of interactions and exhibits a distinctive property called ‘emergence’, roughly described by ‘the action of the whole is more than the sum of the actions of the parts’. This chapter explains that the interactions of interest are non-linear and thus hierarchical organization is closely tied to emergence. Complex systems explains several kinds of telltale behaviour: emergent behaviour, self-organization, chaotic behaviour, ‘fat-tailed behaviour’, and adaptive interaction. The field of complexity studies has split into two subfields that examine two different kinds of emergence: complex physical systems and complex adaptive systems.
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13

Wyatt, Tristram D. 7. The wisdom of crowds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198712152.003.0007.

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Recent work on collective animal behaviour shows that relatively simple behaviours by each animal acting individually can together produce complex, emergent behaviours larger than the parts. This self-organization occurs despite the limited cognitive abilities of individual animals and despite each animal’s limited access to global information, or the ‘big picture’. ‘The wisdom of crowds’ explains this phenomenon termed swarm intelligence by considering the murmurations of starlings, schools of fish, ant trails, and termite nest-building. The behaviour of individual animals and the rules of interaction, from which the collective behaviours emerge, have evolved under natural selection just like other behaviours. The application of such self-organization models is also discussed.
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14

Holland, John H. 6. Emergence. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199662548.003.0006.

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‘Emergence’ looks at the relations between building blocks, generated systems, and the phenomenon of emergence. To understand emergent phenomena, it is necessary to describe the emergence of a system’s behaviour from the non-additive interactions of its building blocks. Emergence occurs when the generators for a generated system combine to yield objects having properties not obtained by summing properties of the individual generators. Co-evolution, often mediated by tags, is one of the major mechanisms for generating non-linear interactions between CAS agents. Tags serve as building blocks but can also be constructed from other building blocks. Tag recombination provides a general mechanism for emergence, because signal-processing lies at the heart of all complex systems.
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15

Caetano, António, Hans Landström, Alain Fayolle, Craig Mitchell, and Susana C. Santos. Emergence of Entrepreneurial Behaviour: Intention, Education and Orientation. Elgar Publishing Limited, Edward, 2017.

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16

Caetano, António, Hans Landström, Alain Fayolle, Craig Mitchell, and Susana C. Santos. Emergence of Entrepreneurial Behaviour: Intention, Education and Orientation. Elgar Publishing Limited, Edward, 2017.

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17

Evans, Dr Charlotte, Professor Anne Creaton, Dr Marcus Kennedy, and Dr Terry Martin, eds. Retrieval Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722168.001.0001.

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Retrieval Medicine is the practice of acute, emergency, and critical care medicine in the ‘transport’ environment. It requires medical practitioners to function independently in highly variable and resource-limited environments, in transport settings, and in the field, with acutely unwell, unstable and often clinically undifferentiated patients over long durations. This handbook covers the complex problems in the retrieval environment. It covers retrieval systems, governance, and coordination; the retrieval environment; and retrieval platforms, as well as equipment. It also involves crisis resource management. The treatment for patients with varying conditions is covered. Chapter titles include: respiratory support, cardiac, shock, sepsis, neurology and neurosurgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, behavioural disturbances, trauma, primary retrieval, bariatric, neonatal, paediatric, and specialized retrieval systems.
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18

Nutt, David J., and Liam J. Nestor. Key elements of addiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0003.

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Addiction is characterized by the compulsion to seek and take a substance, the loss of control in limiting substance intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional state (e.g. dysphoria, anxiety) when substance intake is prevented. Importantly, there are elements of addiction that emerge during the addiction trajectory (e.g. liking, wanting, habit, craving) that are a reflection of key changes in the homeostasis of brain networks that control different behaviours. These homeostatic changes ultimately lead to 1) a decreased sensitivity for natural rewards, 2) an enhanced sensitivity for conditioned substance cues and the expectation of substance use rewards, 3) a weakened control over substance use urges and substance-taking behaviour, and 4) substance tolerance and withdrawal. Significantly, these changes are targets for pharmacological and psychological treatment interventions in addiction.
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19

Dahl, Vegard, and Ulrich J. Spreng. Anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0010.

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Anaesthesia for non-obstetric reasons is performed in 1–2% of all pregnant women. Although the chances of complications like miscarriage, preterm labour, and abortion are higher when surgery is performed during gestation, careful evaluation, preparation, and a multidisciplinary approach will minimize these risks. There are no methods of anaesthesia that are preferable to others during pregnancy. The most important preventive measure is to maintain maternal haemodynamic stability and normoventilation in order to ensure fetal well-being. Extensive knowledge of the profound anatomical and physiological changes that a pregnancy induces is mandatory for the team when operating on a pregnant woman. Short time exposure to anaesthetic agents in clinically relevant doses during surgery has never been demonstrated to have teratogenic effects. Lately, focus has been made on the possible behavioural teratogenic properties of anaesthesia, especially on the use of NMDA receptor antagonists and GABA receptor agonists. Emergency diagnostic imaging during pregnancy is considered safe and should be performed if necessary. Electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of serious psychiatric disorders during pregnancy is a possibility that should be considered if necessary. Electric cardioversion seems safe for the fetus if life-threatening arrhythmias occur during pregnancy. Trauma is one of the leading non-obstetric causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. When treating a traumatized pregnant woman one should initially focus on the mother’s safety and haemodynamic stability.
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20

Emergent writing behaviour of young children: Taking the task of writing to task. 1987.

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21

Dean, Rebecca M. Fauna and the emergence of intensive agricultural economies in the United States Southwest. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.36.

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The Hohokam of Arizona, USA, created one of the most intensive agricultural systems in North America. Their hunting economy intensified along with the agricultural system, but intensification (measured through the diversification of hunting strategies) was mitigated by a variety of processes, not all of which are easily understood by traditional methods of measuring intensification, such as diet breadth models. Hunting intensification was limited by constraints placed on hunters due to agricultural labour needs, and affected by changes in local landscapes for agricultural purposes. The hunting behaviour of the Hohokam cannot be understood solely in its own terms, as a product of optimal decision-making based on the availability of prey in the landscape at large. Rather, decisions were contextualized within the constraints of the social and labour organization of the agricultural system, and were contingent on the changes that had been made to that landscape as a result of agricultural demands.
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22

Weinberg, James. Who Enters Politics and Why? Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529209167.001.0001.

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This book explores unique survey and interview data on the personality characteristics of British politicians, specifically the Basic Human Values of Members of Parliament (MPs). In doing so, it offers original insights into three compelling questions: Who enters politics and how are they different to the general public? Do politicians’ personality characteristics matter for their behaviour once they are elected to parliament? Do voters really get the ‘wrong’ politicians? Data collected from MPs are evaluated alongside comparable surveys and experiments conducted with over 400 elected councillors, over 500 unsuccessful candidates, and thousands of UK citizens. Synthesising the conceptual and empirical wisdom of political science and psychology, Weinberg uses these data and the governing questions above as a springboard from which to take an innovative and analytical dive into related areas of academic research and public interest. These include, for example, the role of basic values vis-à-vis candidate emergence and political ambition, parliamentary representation and legislative behaviour, and public voting habits. Through careful empirical analysis and theoretical dissection, this book shows that (a) politics is a profession few 'ordinary' people care to enter, (b) politicians’ basic values impact a range of actual legislative behaviours, and (c) voters have clear psychological preferences when it comes to choosing their representatives. Readers will find this book to be distinctive in its approach to familiar issues predominant in academic, popular and journalistic press. The substantive findings presented in this book do, therefore, tell a human story that has appeal beyond the ivory towers of academia.
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23

Every, Elizabeth J. Van, and James R. Taylor. Emergent Organization: Communication As Its Site and Surface. Taylor & Francis Group, 1999.

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24

Every, Elizabeth J. Van, and James R. Taylor. Emergent Organization: Communication As Its Site and Surface. Taylor & Francis Group, 1999.

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25

Every, Elizabeth J. Van, and James R. Taylor. Emergent Organization: Communication As Its Site and Surface. Taylor & Francis Group, 1999.

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26

Every, Elizabeth J. Van, and James R. Taylor. Emergent Organization: Communication As Its Site and Surface. Taylor & Francis Group, 1999.

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27

Every, Elizabeth J. Van, and James R. Taylor. Emergent Organization: Communication As Its Site and Surface. Taylor & Francis Group, 1999.

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28

Every, Elizabeth J. Van, and James R. Taylor. Emergent Organization: Communication As Its Site and Surface. Taylor & Francis Group, 1999.

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29

Cullum, Sarah. Management of dementia. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0039.

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The management of dementia discusses the needs of people in both the early and later stages of dementia, focusing on social and environmental aspects as well as physical and psychological. The main management tasks in early dementia are helping the person with dementia and their family come to terms with the diagnosis, optimising quality of life in the present, and planning for the future. In later dementia we deal with maintaining person-hood, the emergence of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, making decisions for a person who no longer has capacity to do so for themselves, and end of life care in people who are increasingly frail and have limited ability to communicate their needs. Underpinning all of these is the need for respect and communication, and to provide person-centred and relationship-centred care for people with dementia and their carers.
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30

Bevir, Mark. Meta‐Methodology: Clearing the Underbrush. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0003.

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This article offers some explanations for the rise of causal thinking as the ‘behavioural revolution's’ reaction to the nineteenth century's teleological narratives about developmental historicism and early twentieth-century emphasis on modernist empiricism. It describes the philosophical issues that are indispensable to any discussion of the role of a given methodology. Each section after that on the traditions of political science concerns a particular subfield of philosophy — epistemology, ontology, and explanation. The emergence of modernist empiricism, behaviouralism, institutionalism, and rational choice in political science is reported. A comparative approach implies that political scientists are wrong if they think methods can ever justify causal claims or even the data they generate. This article attempted to clarify the underbrush of confusion that arises from reflecting on methods in terms of traditions of political science rather than philosophical subfields and doctrines.
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31

Every, Elizabeth J. Van, and James R. Taylor. The Emergent Organization: Communication As Its Site and Surface (Lea's Communication Series). Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999.

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32

Every, Elizabeth J. Van, and James R. Taylor. The Emergent Organization: Communication As Its Site and Surface (Lea's Communication Series). Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999.

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33

Nielsen, Richard P. Hannah Arendt (1906–1975). Edited by Jenny Helin, Tor Hernes, Daniel Hjorth, and Robin Holt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669356.013.0024.

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Hannah Arendt was profoundly influenced by Martin Heidegger both intellectually and personally. Arendt’s process philosophy of organizational ethics and politics remains relevant today. In 1963, she published a book entitled Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. She is known for her analysis of authoritarian organizations and the emergent archetype of a middle-level manager based on Adolf Eichmann. This chapter provides a biographical sketch of Arendt and Eichmann and discusses the emergent archetype organizational and Eichmann dimensions considered by Arendt, including administrative harm, organizational requirements to obey orders, and ‘banality’ of organizational evil or at least unethical organizational behaviour. It also looks at the views of Heidegger, Eichmann, and Arendt regarding organizational becoming.
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34

Armstrong, Hugh, Jacqueline Choiniere, Eric Mykhalovskiy, and Jerry P. White. Medical Alert: New Work Organization in Health Care. Garamond Pr, 1998.

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35

Sutton, Adrian P. Concepts of Materials Science. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846839.001.0001.

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This short book describes ten fundamental concepts – big ideas – of materials science. Some of them come from mainstream physics and chemistry, including thermodynamic stability and phase diagrams, symmetry, and quantum behaviour. Others are about restless atomic motion and thermal fluctuations, defects in crystalline materials as the agents of change in materials, nanoscience and nanotechnology, materials design and materials discovery, metamaterials, and biological matter as a material. A cornerstone of materials science is the idea that materials are complex systems that interact with their environments and display the emergence of new science from the collective behaviour of atoms and defects. Great attention is paid to the clarity of explanations using only high school algebra and quoting the occasional useful formula. Exceptionally, elementary calculus is used in the chapter on metamaterials. It is not a text-book, but it offers undergraduates and their teachers a unique overview and insight into materials science. It may also help graduates of other subjects to decide whether to study materials science at postgraduate level.
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36

Holten, Theo van. Atomic World Spooky? It Ain't Necessarily So!: Emergent Quantum Mechanics, How the Classical Laws of Nature Can Conspire to Cause Quantum-Like Behaviour. Atlantis Press (Zeger Karssen), 2016.

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37

Holten, Theo van. Atomic World Spooky? It Ain't Necessarily So!: Emergent Quantum Mechanics, How the Classical Laws of Nature Can Conspire to Cause Quantum-Like Behaviour. Atlantis Press (Zeger Karssen), 2017.

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38

Bianconi, Ginestra. The Dynamics on Single Networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0003.

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This chapter provides the relevant background on the network dynamics of complex networks formed by just one layer (single networks). Emergent properties of network dynamics are characterized using the framework of phase transitions. The major results on robustness of complex networks, percolation theory and epidemic spreading are presented, revealing the rich interplay between network structure and function. In this context particular emphasis is given to the implications of the scale-free network topology on these dynamical processes. Diffusion processes and synchronization and controllability are characterized on networks, revealing the relevance of spectral properties and peripheral nodes for determining their dynamical behaviour.
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39

Fu, Wai-Tat, Jessie Chin, and Q. Vera Liao. The Central Role of Cognitive Computations in Human-Information Interaction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0014.

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Cognitive science is a science of intelligent systems. This chapter proposes that cognitive science can provide useful perspectives for research on technology-mediated human-information interaction (HII) when HII is cast as emergent behaviour of a coupled intelligent system. It starts with a review of a few foundational concepts related to cognitive computations and how they can be applied to understand the nature of HII. It discusses several important properties of a coupled cognitive system and their implication to designs of information systems. Finally, it covers how levels of abstraction have been useful for cognitive science, and how these levels can inform design of intelligent information systems that are more compatible with human cognitive computations.
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40

Payne, Jonathan. The Changing Meaning of Skill. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.3.

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‘Skill’ has long been a contested concept within the social sciences. In recent decades, the use of the term by policy makers, employers and academics has broadened considerably, fuelling debate about what skill is and what constitutes skilled work. With ‘skill’ purportedly encompassing behaviours such as discipline and conformity, the concept is said to be in danger of losing its meaning or significance. The growth of interactive service work has also seen the emergence of new and controversial skill concepts such as emotional, aesthetic and articulation work. Are so-called ‘low skilled’ service jobs really low skilled and might recognition of these hidden skills help to achieve better pay, or is there a risk of exaggerating their skill content and raising unrealistic expectations? This chapter charts these controversies, and argues for placing skill in its societal and workplace context and taking seriously issues of power, job complexity and worker autonomy.
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41

Kriesi, Hanspeter. 16. Social movements. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.003.0018.

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This chapter focuses on social movements, specific forms of collective behaviour having action repertoires of their own that distinguish them from established political actors. Social movements include movements of the extreme right and anti-racist movements, transnational peace movements, and movements aimed against powerful financial interests and orchestrated through social media. The chapter first explains the meaning of social movements and presents a conceptualization of key terms before comparing social movements with organizations. It then considers how social movements attract the attention and gain the support of the public through a combination of protest politics and information politics. It also discusses the role of social movements in political processes and describes three theoretical approaches to social movements: the classical model, the resource mobilization model, and the political process model. The chapter concludes by analysing the emergence, the level of mobilization, and the success of social movements.
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42

Capuzzo, Paolo. Youth and Consumption. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0031.

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The kaleidoscope of social identity is defined by multiple forces of signification. Gender, ethnicity, and class trace porous borders of the social and symbolic space within which consumption practices unfold, changing, forcing, and sometimes even subverting the apparent fixity of those spaces. The transition from childhood to adulthood is marked by clear biological changes that affect the conduct of life and the ways in which to confront a series of phases in the form of the transformation and maturation of the body. The analysis of consumption practices can be useful in showing how young people define themselves. As part of a discussion on youth and consumption, this article focuses on cultures of consumption among young workers. It also discusses the social deviance and consumer behaviour of young people, the impact of advertising on the social representation of the youth body, films and fantasies, and the emergence of a youth mass market.
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43

Gisborne, Nikolas, and Robert Truswell. Where do relative specifiers come from? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.003.0003.

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Headed relative clauses with filled Spec,CP positions are cross-linguistically rare, but have emerged repeatedly in Indo-European languages. We explore this unusual typological fact by examining the emergence and spread of English headed wh-relatives. The major claims developed in this chapter are: (1) aspects of the diachrony of headed wh-relatives must be reduced to competing specifications of the behaviour of a given lexical item, rather than to competition among multiple forms associated with a given function; (2) headed wh-relatives spread gradually from form to form, rather than spreading gradually up the Accessibility Hierarchy as assumed in much earlier work. We suggest that the unusual typology of headed relatives with filled specifiers can then be understood in terms of inheritance of a stable set of lexical items from Proto-Indo-European, and biases affecting acquisition of the syntactic properties of these items.
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44

Karakowsky, Leonard E. The effects of token status and gender-orientation of the task on participation, influence and emergent leadership behaviour in male-dominated and female-dominated work-groups. 1997.

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45

Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Conceptual background to healthy growth and development. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0002.

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This chapter reviews the concepts of developmental plasticity and mismatch, critical periods for exposures, and the emergent science of epigenetics to explain how relatively subtle changes in parental behaviour can affect the outcomes of pregnancy, and why there are echoes of such influences across the whole of life. Contrary to earlier belief that embryonic and fetal development is set by a genetic programme, it is now clear that the fetus responds to cues in the in utero environment and can alter its development and metabolism accordingly. The ‘decisions’ that the developing fetus makes are embedded in its biology and are based on information it receives from its mother and, through her, about the wider environment, in terms of nutrition and physical activity but also about stress and other aspects of lifestyle.
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46

Clay, Lauren R. The Bourgeoisie, Capitalism, and the Origins of the French Revolution. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.002.

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When the long-dominant Marxist ‘rise of the bourgeoisie’ paradigm collapsed in the face of the revisionist challenge, scholars largely abandoned questions of capitalism and the bourgeoisie and their relationship to the origins of the Revolution. Research on the transformation of eighteenth-century consumer behaviours and the dramatic expansion of colonial trade, however, has sparked renewed interest in the consequences of these developments for the crisis of the old regime and the revolutionary reinvention of society and politics. Within this emergent scholarship, this essay highlights two trends: those who expand the frame of analysis to consider global economic exchanges, and those who focus in on the perspective of individual consumers. Further, by bringing to light the political mobilization of French business leaders in 1788–89, this chapter proposes that the political choices of the capitalist bourgeoisie may well provide a key to understanding the development of revolutionary politics after all.
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47

Russ, Jon, ed. Bat Calls of Britain and Europe. Pelagic Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53061/nlhc3923.

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A comprehensive guide to the calls of the 44 species of bat currently known to occur in Europe. Following on from the popular British Bat Calls by Jon Russ, this new book draws on the expertise of more than forty specialist authors to substantially update all sections, further expanding the volume to include sound analysis and species identification of all European bats. Aimed at volunteers and professional alike, topics include the basics of sound, echolocation in bats, an introduction to acoustic communication, equipment used and call analysis. For each species, detailed information is given on distribution, emergence, flight and foraging behaviour, habitat, echolocation calls – including parameters of common measurements – and social calls. Calls are described for both heterodyne and time expansion/full spectrum systems. A simple but complete echolocation guide to all species is provided for beginners, allowing them to analyse call sequences and arrive at the most likely species or group. The book also includes access to a downloadable library of over 450 calls presented as sonograms in the species sections.
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48

Haupt, Heinz‐Gerhard. Small Shops and Department Stores. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0014.

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Recent studies have carefully analysed the role of small shops and department stores, placing the emergence of department stores within the context of the broader changes that took place in the retail trade. This article looks at changes in the constellation of the retail trade, stressing the importance of consumer behaviour as both a factor influencing the trade and as a product of changes in the trade itself. It draws attention to the influence of the organization of shops upon consumers, and the effect of consumer attitudes upon the structure and appearance of the retailing trade. Furthermore, the article examines how much consumers adjusted to changing conditions of trade and the development of new retailing regimes, as well as the degree to which the trades themselves reacted to conditions in the labour market, the process of urbanization, and changes in consumer preferences. Finally, it discusses the triumph of self-service and supermarkets, the impact of retailing on time and space, the politics of retailing, and retailing as part of global history.
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49

Handmer, John, and Katharine Haynes, eds. Community Bushfire Safety. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643095618.

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Community Bushfire Safety brings together in one accessible and comprehensive volume the results of the most important community safety research being undertaken within the Australian Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre (CRC). Using perspectives deriving from social science, economics and law, it complements the extensive literature already existing on bushfires, which ranges from ecology and fire behaviour to information about emergency management. In doing so, the book supports the increasing emphasis on community safety and the vital role it has to play in Australian bushfire management. Managing community safety requires a diversity of knowledge and an understanding of the many social processes that shape and ultimately determine a community’s resilience to bushfire. The wide range of issues covered in this volume reflects this diversity, including research into gender and vulnerability; the law and its implications for public/fire agency interactions; the arsonist’s rationale; the influence of the media; the role of economics in bushfire management and decision-making; understanding declines in fire brigade volunteerism; bushfire safety policy and its implementation; the effectiveness of community education and risk reduction schemes; and modes of building ignition. Community Bushfire Safety is accessible to practitioners, policy-makers, researchers and students. While the research reported has been undertaken in Australia, much of the material is generic and is likely to be relevant and useful to those dealing with community bushfire safety elsewhere in the world.
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50

Page, Jamie. Prostitution and Subjectivity in Late Medieval Germany. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862789.001.0001.

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Prostitution played a major role in structuring medieval gender relations. Prostitutes were seen to be an example of extreme female sinfulness which all women risked falling into, while at the same time prostitutes themselves were seen to play a vital social role in many towns by providing a sexual outlet to unmarried men. This book is the first full-length study of medieval prostitution to focus primarily upon how gender discourse shaped the lives of prostitutes themselves. It is based on three legal case studies from the late medieval empire which examine constructions of subjectivity between the period c.1400–1500. This period saw the rapid rise of tolerated prostitution across much of western Europe and the emergence of the public brothel as a central institution in the regulation of social order, followed by its equally rapid suppression from the early 1500s. By analysing how individuals interacted with cultural discourses surrounding the body, sexuality, and sin, the book explores how the concepts that defined prostitution in the Middle Ages shaped individual lives, and how individuals were able—or not—to exert agency, both within the circumstances of their own lives, and in response to official attempts to regulate sexual behaviour.
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