Journal articles: 'Behavioural control'

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Henriksen, Rie, Andrey Höglund, Jesper Fogelholm, Robin Abbey-Lee, Martin Johnsson, Niels J. Dingemanse, and Dominic Wright. "Intra-Individual Behavioural Variability: A Trait under Genetic Control." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 8069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218069.

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When individuals are measured more than once in the same context they do not behave in exactly the same way each time. The degree of predictability differs between individuals, with some individuals showing low levels of variation around their behavioural mean while others show high levels of variation. This intra-individual variability in behaviour has received much less attention than between-individual variability in behaviour, and very little is known about the underlying mechanisms that affect this potentially large but understudied component of behavioural variation. In this study, we combine standardized behavioural tests in a chicken intercross to estimate intra-individual behavioural variability with a large-scale genomics analysis to identify genes affecting intra-individual behavioural variability in an avian population. We used a variety of different anxiety-related behavioural phenotypes for this purpose. Our study shows that intra-individual variability in behaviour has a direct genetic basis that is largely unique compared to the genetic architecture for the standard behavioural measures they are based on (at least in the detected quantitative trait locus). We identify six suggestive candidate genes that may underpin differences in intra-individual behavioural variability, with several of these candidates having previously been linked to behaviour and mental health. These findings demonstrate that intra-individual variability in behaviour appears to be a heritable trait in and of itself on which evolution can act.

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Oliver, Chris, Kate Arron, Jenny Sloneem, and Scott Hall. "Behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: case–control study." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 6 (December 2008): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.044370.

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BackgroundCornelia de Lange syndrome is associated with abnormalities on chromosomes 5, 10 and X.AimsTo delineate the behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome with specific reference to autistic-spectrum disorder.MethodA total of 54 individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (mean age 13.88 years; s.d.=8.58) and 46 comparable individuals with intellectual disability (mean age 13.74 years; s.d.=7.99) were assessed on measures of autistic-spectrum disorder, and adaptive, compulsive and disordered behaviour.ResultsThere was no difference between the groups in global behaviour disorder. Severe autism was significantly more prevalent in the syndrome group (32.1%) than the comparison group (7.1%). In addition, the syndrome group also evidenced significantly higher levels of compulsive behaviour.ConclusionsThese data suggest that autistic-spectrum disorder is part of the behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and that compulsive behaviours are evident. Future research should investigate this behavioural phenotype using contemporary diagnostic algorithms for autism with detailed examination of the phenomenology of compulsive behaviours.

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Finkenauer, Catrin, Rutger C. M. E. Engels, and Roy F. Baumeister. "Parenting behaviour and adolescent behavioural and emotional problems: The role of self-control." International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, no. 1 (January 2005): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000333.

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Cross-sectional data from 1359 boys and girls aged 10–14 years investigated whether parenting behaviours are directly or indirectly (through building self-control) associated with emotional (depression, stress, low self-esteem) and behavioural (delinquency, aggression) problems among adolescents. Replicating existing findings, both types of problems were directly, negatively related to adaptive parenting behaviour (high parental acceptance, strict control and monitoring, and little use of manipulative psychological control). Extending existing findings, self-control partially mediated the link between parenting behaviour and adolescent emotional and behavioural problems. Contrary to earlier suggestions, there was no sign that high self-control was associated with drawbacks or increased risk of psychosocial problems.

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Mushi, Vivian, and Lilian Mushi. "Harnessing Social and Behavioural Change Strategies for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Perspective from Tanzania." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 28, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2021.28.4.16.

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Social and behavioural change strategies are crucial to facilitating the adoption of preventive behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the success of such social and behavioural changes, the community should be aware of the interventions and willing to adhere to health advice. This letter details the strategies employed in Tanzania to accelerate the adoption of preventive behaviour and contain the spread of COVID-19.

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Corr, Philip J. "Automatic and Controlled Processes in Behavioural Control: Implications for Personality Psychology." European Journal of Personality 24, no. 5 (August 2010): 376–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.779.

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This paper highlights a number of unresolved theoretical issues that, it is argued, continue to impede the construction of a viable model of behavioural control in personality psychology. It is contended that, in order to integrate motivation, emotion, cognition and conscious experience within a coherent framework, two major issues need to be recognised: (a) the relationship between automatic (reflexive) and controlled (reflective) processing and (b) the lateness of controlled processing (including the generation of conscious awareness)—phenomenally, such processing seems to ‘control’ behaviour, but experimentally it can be shown to postdate the behaviour it represents. The implications of these two major issues are outlined, centred on the need to integrate theoretical perspectives within personality psychology, as well as the greater unification of personality psychology with general psychology. A model of behavioural control is sketched, formulated around the concept of the behavioural inhibition system (BIS), which accounts for: (a) why certain stimuli are extracted for controlled processing (i.e. those that are not ‘going to plan’, as detected by an error mechanism) and (b) the function of controlled processing (including conscious awareness) in terms of adjusting the cybernetic weights of automatic processes (which are always in control of immediate behaviour) which, then, influence future automatically controlled behaviour. The relevance of this model is illustrated in relation to a number of topics in personality psychology, as well related issues of free–will and difficult–to–control behaviours. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Sundin, Josefin, and Fredrik Jutfelt. "9–28 d of exposure to elevated pCO2 reduces avoidance of predator odour but had no effect on behavioural lateralization or swimming activity in a temperate wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 620–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv101.

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Abstract Most studies on the impact of near-future levels of carbon dioxide on fish behaviour report behavioural alterations, wherefore abnormal behaviour has been suggested to be a potential consequence of future ocean acidification and therefore a threat to ocean ecosystems. However, an increasing number of studies show tolerance of fish to increased levels of carbon dioxide. This variation among studies in susceptibility highlights the importance of continued investigation of the possible effects of elevated pCO2. Here, we investigated the impacts of increased levels of carbon dioxide on behaviour using the goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris), which is a common species in European coastal waters and widely used as cleaner fish to control sea lice infestation in commercial fish farming in Europe. The wrasses were exposed to control water conditions (370 μatm) or elevated pCO2 (995 μatm) for 1 month, during which time behavioural trials were performed. We investigated the possible effects of CO2 on behavioural lateralization, swimming activity, and prey and predator olfactory preferences, all behaviours where disturbances have previously been reported in other fish species after exposure to elevated CO2. Interestingly, we failed to detect effects of carbon dioxide for most behaviours investigated, excluding predator olfactory cue avoidance, where control fish initially avoided predator cue while the high CO2 group was indifferent. The present study therefore shows behavioural tolerance to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the goldsinny wrasse. We also highlight that individual fish can show disturbance in specific behaviours while being apparently unaffected by elevated pCO2 in other behavioural tests. However, using experiments with exposure times measured in weeks to predict possible effects of long-term drivers, such as ocean acidification, has limitations, and the behavioural effects from elevated pCO2 in this experiment cannot be viewed as proof that these fish would show the same reaction after decades of evolution.

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Gittins, Catherine B., Maree J. Abbott, and Caroline Hunt. "What Influences Parenting Behaviour? The Role of Parent Self-Concept." Behaviour Change 37, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.13.

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AbstractParenting has a strong influence on child development. However, there is minimal empirical evidence on why some parents use beneficial techniques, while others use harmful behaviours. Thus, there is a significant gap in the knowledge needed to address problematic parenting. Theories suggest that parental self-concept has a large influence on parenting behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between parent self-cognitions and parenting behaviours. One-hundred and four mothers of Grade 7 students completed questionnaires measuring their self-esteem, self-criticism, domain-specific self-concept, and parenting behaviours (support, behavioural control, and psychological control). Regression analyses demonstrated that self-cognitions largely predicted psychological control but support or behavioural control did not. These findings suggest that psychologically controlling behaviour in parents may be due to poor self-worth. With psychological control known to deeply damage children, these findings have major implications for interventions targeting harmful parenting.

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Montes-Gonzalez, F., T. J. Prescott, and J. Negrete-Martinez. "Minimizing Human Intervention in the Development of Basal Ganglia-Inspired Robot Control." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 4, no. 3 (2007): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/751842.

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A biologically inspired mechanism for robot action selection, based on the vertebrate basal ganglia, has been previously presented (Prescottet al. 2006, Montes Gonzalezet al. 2000). In this model the task confronting the robot is decomposed into distinct behavioural modules that integrate information from multiple sensors and internal state to form ‘salience’ signals. These signals are provided as inputs to a computational model of the basal ganglia whose intrinsic processes cause the selection by disinhibition of a winning behaviour. This winner is then allowed access to the motor plant whilst losing behaviours are suppressed. In previous research we have focused on the development of this biomimetic selection architecture, and have therefore used behavioural modules that were hand-coded as algorithmic procedures. In the current article, we demonstrate the use of genetic algorithms and gradient–descent learning to automatically generate/tune some of the modules that generate the model behaviour.

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Olya, Hossein G. T., Pourya Bagheri, and Mustafa Tümer. "Decoding behavioural responses of green hotel guests." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 2509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2018-0374.

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Purpose This study aims to present a unique perspective on the application of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in the context of the green lodging industry via configurational modelling of three TPB dimensions in formulating hotel visitors’ behavioural responses. Attitude towards behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control are the three indicators of TPB used to predict guests’ continued intention to use and recommend green hotels on Cyprus, a Mediterranean island with a fragile ecological system. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire-based survey is used to evaluate the study’s objectives. A total of 320 guests of green hotels were approached between June and July 2017 and invited to participate. Among them, 260 valid cases were obtained and used for data analysis. The structural model was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM), the configurational model was assessed using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and the necessary predictor was evaluated using the necessary condition analysis (NCA). Findings The SEM results revealed that attitudes regarding behaviour increased the continued intention to visit and recommend green hotels. Similarly, subjective norms enhanced the guests’ desired behavioural responses. Perceived behavioural control boosted their continued intention to visit, but this was insufficient for predicting green hotel guests’ intention to recommend. The fsQCA results indicated that two causal models explained the conditions of both high and low levels of behavioural responses. The NCA results showed that attitude towards behaviour was the only necessary condition of the two expected behavioural responses. Originality/value Several previous studies have tried to modify, decompose or merge the TPB to provide theoretical support for proposed conceptual models indicating visitors’ behaviours. Beyond such attempts, pragmatic analytical approaches (e.g. set-theoretic method) should be applied to present a comprehensive perspective on the association of TPB indicators in decoding the complexity of customers’ behaviours. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first in hospitality research to use three TPB indicators and three analytical approaches to extend the knowledge of guests’ behaviours related to green hotels.

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Willner, Paul, Jack Bergman, and David Sanger. "Behavioural pharmacology of impulse control." Behavioural Pharmacology 20, no. 5-6 (September 2009): 558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.fbp.0000359407.60839.2d.

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O'Dea, William A. "Budgetary control — a behavioural viewpoint." International Journal of Hospitality Management 4, no. 4 (January 1985): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4319(85)90056-8.

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Schakner, Zachary A., Michael G. Buhnerkempe, Mathew J. Tennis, Robert J. Stansell, Bjorn K. van der Leeuw, James O. Lloyd-Smith, and Daniel T. Blumstein. "Epidemiological models to control the spread of information in marine mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1844 (December 14, 2016): 20162037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2037.

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Socially transmitted wildlife behaviours that create human–wildlife conflict are an emerging problem for conservation efforts, but also provide a unique opportunity to apply principles of infectious disease control to wildlife management. As an example, California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus ) have learned to exploit concentrations of migratory adult salmonids below the fish ladders at Bonneville Dam, impeding endangered salmonid recovery. Proliferation of this foraging behaviour in the sea lion population has resulted in a controversial culling programme of individual sea lions at the dam, but the impact of such culling remains unclear. To evaluate the effectiveness of current and alternative culling strategies, we used network-based diffusion analysis on a long-term dataset to demonstrate that social transmission is implicated in the increase in dam-foraging behaviour and then studied different culling strategies within an epidemiological model of the behavioural transmission data. We show that current levels of lethal control have substantially reduced the rate of social transmission, but failed to effectively reduce overall sea lion recruitment. Earlier implementation of culling could have substantially reduced the extent of behavioural transmission and, ultimately, resulted in fewer animals being culled. Epidemiological analyses offer a promising tool to understand and control socially transmissible behaviours.

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Herrera, James, and Charles L. Nunn. "Behavioural ecology and infectious disease: implications for conservation of biodiversity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1781 (July 29, 2019): 20180054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0054.

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Behaviour underpins interactions among conspecifics and between species, with consequences for the transmission of disease-causing parasites. Because many parasites lead to declines in population size and increased risk of extinction for threatened species, understanding the link between host behaviour and disease transmission is particularly important for conservation management. Here, we consider the intersection of behaviour, ecology and parasite transmission, broadly encompassing micro- and macroparasites. We focus on behaviours that have direct impacts on transmission, as well as the behaviours that result from infection. Given the important role of parasites in host survival and reproduction, the effects of behaviour on parasitism can scale up to population-level processes, thus affecting species conservation. Understanding how conservation and infectious disease control strategies actually affect transmission potential can therefore often only be understood through a behavioural lens. We highlight how behavioural perspectives of disease ecology apply to conservation by reviewing the different ways that behavioural ecology influences parasite transmission and conservation goals. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation’.

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Liden, William H., Mary L. Phillips, and Jens Herberholz. "Neural control of behavioural choice in juvenile crayfish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1699 (June 16, 2010): 3493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1000.

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Natural selection leads to behavioural choices that increase the animal's fitness. The neuronal mechanisms underlying behavioural choice are still elusive and empirical evidence connecting neural circuit activation to adaptive behavioural output is sparse. We exposed foraging juvenile crayfish to approaching shadows of different velocities and found that slow-moving shadows predominantly activated a pair of giant interneurons, which mediate tail-flips that thrust the animals backwards and away from the approaching threat. Tail-flips also moved the animals farther away from an expected food source, and crayfish defaulted to freezing behaviour when faced with fast-approaching shadows. Under these conditions, tail-flipping, an ineffective and costly escape strategy was suppressed in favour of freezing, a more beneficial choice. The decision to freeze also dominated in the presence of a more desirable resource; however, the increased incentive was less effective in suppressing tail-flipping when paired with slow-moving visual stimuli that reliably evoked tail-flips in most animals. Together this suggests that crayfish make value-based decisions by weighing the costs and benefits of different behavioural options, and they select adaptive behavioural output based on the activation patterns of identifiable neural circuits.

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Santoso, Helen Desyani, R. Wahjoe Witjaksono, and Anik Hanifatul Aziza. "Evaluasi Penggunaan SAP Menggunakan Theory of Planned Behaviour di PT Industri Telekomunikasi (PT. INTI)." Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem & Industri (JRSI) 5, no. 01 (June 29, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/jrsi.v5i01.326.

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PT. INTI is one of many telecommunication companies which has SAP application implementation. Now, PT. INTI is become one of the most successful companies to implement SAP application. Failed and succes to implement SAP application can be seen by technical side and non-technical side. For non-technical side, acceptance of the user to using SAP application, make user can accept and use the SAP application very well. So, this research wants to evaluate using acceptance SAP application at PT. INTI. This research model use theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The variables in this research are attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, behavioural intention, and behaviour. This model explains about individual’s behaviour intention and behaviour to use SAP application. Individual’s behavioural intention for using SAP application affected by attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control variables. Then, individual’s behaviour for using SAP application affected by behavioural intention. Gathering data using quesionner. Then, the respondens are all of user in PT. INTI. After that, data manage used by partial least square (PLS) approach is use smartPLS 2.0 software. Hipotesis test use significant level of 0,05. Outputs of this research are perceived behavioural control, attitude, subjective norm have positive and significant affect behavioural intention by using SAP application. While, behavioural intention have positive and significant affect behaviour by using SAP application.

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Thaivalappil, Abhinand, Andrew Papadopoulos, and Ian Young. "Intentions to adopt safe food storage practices in older adults." British Food Journal 122, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2019-0483.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to determine which psychosocial factors are predictors of older adults’ safe food storage practices at home. Design/methodology/approach An online structured questionnaire was developed and administered to older adults (60+). Two behavioural intention outcomes were investigated: thawing meats safely and storing leftovers within recommended guidelines. The survey instrument measured socio-demographic and TPB variables: attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions. A measure of self-reported habitual behaviour was also recorded and used to determine whether past practice influenced behavioural intentions. Findings Respondents (n=78) demonstrated good intentions to safely defrost meats and store leftovers. The models accounted for 41 and 48 per cent of the variance in intentions to perform safe storage behaviours. Attitudes and subjective norms were predictors of intentions to safely thaw meats. Habitual behaviour was a significant predictor of behavioural intentions to safely store leftovers. Perceived behavioural control was a significant predictor of intentions to thaw meats and store leftovers. Research limitations/implications The sample size was small, and results are to be interpreted with caution. Practical implications The results indicate that theory-based solutions to solving food safety among consumers may be a feasible strategy. Originality/value The study is the first of its kind to apply the TPB to this consumer group.

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Mansell, Warren. "Understanding control and utilizing Control Theory in the science and practice of CBT." Cognitive Behaviour Therapist 2, no. 3 (September 2009): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1754470x09990146.

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AbstractThis editorial introduces the special issue of The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist on Control Theory and CBT. The various routes through which Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) can inform CBT are explained and a range of theory, research and practice articles are introduced. Each focuses on encouraging and validating a Control Theory perspective to the clinical practice of cognitive behavioural therapies.

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Watson, Fraje, Rowena Mary Anne Packer, Clare Rusbridge, and Holger Andreas Volk. "Behavioural changes in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy." Veterinary Record 186, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105222.

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BackgroundBreed-specific and broader cohort studies have shown behavioural changes in dogs following the onset of idiopathic epilepsy (IE).MethodsA cross-sectional, case–control questionnaire study was carried out to strengthen this body of evidence. Owners of eight breeds of dog completed an online questionnaire about their dogs’ behaviour; once for control dogs and twice for dogs with IE, for both pre-IE and post-IE onset behaviour.ResultsNinety-six (24.74 per cent) dogs with IE and 292 (75.26 per cent) age and breed-matched control dogs met the inclusion criteria. Control dogs had significantly higher ‘Trainability’ scores than dogs with IE (P=0.04). After IE, dogs had significantly higher ‘Dog-Directed Fear or Aggression’ (P=0.02), ‘Non-Social Fear’ (P=0.01), ‘Attachment/Attention-Seeking Behaviour’ (P=0.04), ‘Attention-Deficit’ (P=0.02) and significantly lower ‘Trainability’ (P=0.02) than prior to the onset of IE. Medication status did not significantly affect any behavioural factor, but drug-resistant dogs had significantly less ‘Trainability’ than drug-responsive (P=0.04) and partially drug-responsive dogs (P=0.03).ConclusionBehavioural differences related to cognitive function are seen between dogs with IE and controls. Behavioural changes related to anxiety, attention and cognition are seen in dogs following the onset of IE. The ability to clinically define and diagnose behavioural comorbidities in dogs is much needed from both a clinical and research perspective.

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Antonenko, T. V., J. E. Medvedeva, and K. A. Panchuk. "Влияние ольфакторного обогащения на благополучие крупных кошачьих в неволе." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_96.

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<p>Olfactory enrichment has been demonstrated to enhance welfare in a range of captive species through increasing behavioural diversity or decreasing frequencies of abnormal behaviours. This study investigated the effects of olfactory stimulation on the behaviour of three big cats (one male of African lion, one male one and female of Amur tigers) in response to ten individual odour treatments: ylang-ylang, orange, neroli, jasmine, cinnamon, mint, clove, lavender, fir, balm and a no-odour control. This research had demonstrated the potential for the application of various odours to enhance captive animal welfare by increasing behavioural diversity, encouraging species-typical patterns of behaviour or decreasing frequencies of abnormal behaviours.</p>

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Yeo, Lay See, and Pui Meng Choi. "Cognitive-behavioural therapy for children with behavioural difficulties in the Singapore mainstream school setting." School Psychology International 32, no. 6 (July 6, 2011): 616–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034311406820.

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The present study investigated the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programme delivered by a school psychologist for children with behavioural difficulties in Singapore elementary school classrooms. It examined the impact of a 12-session, psychoeducational group intervention in helping misbehaving pupils to control their school and home behaviours, maintain peer relationships, and improve self-esteem. Ninety-five pupils, aged between 8- and 12-years-old ( M = 10.08, SD = 1.10) were randomly assigned to CBT (experimental) groups and control groups. The CBTgroups learned and practised skills in self-monitoring, problem-solving, and self-management. The control groups discussed rule compliance and role-played behaviours that conformed to school rules. CBT groups improved significantly in school and home behaviours, self-control, social skills, and self-esteem compared to control groups. Effect sizes ranged from moderate (0.50) to large (2.94). Gains in self-esteem were maintained at follow-up for experimental groups only. The feasibility ofimplementing group CBT was discussed in light of competing demands on school psychologists to deliver diverse psychological services to children.

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Elliott, C. J. H., and A. J. Susswein. "Comparative neuroethology of feeding control in molluscs." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 877–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.7.877.

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SUMMARY Over the last 30 years, many laboratories have examined, in parallel, the feeding behaviour of gastropod molluscs and the properties of the nervous system that give rise to this behaviour. Equal attention to both behavioural and neurobiological issues has provided deep insight into the functioning of the nervous system in generating and controlling behaviour. The conclusions derived from studies on gastropod feeding are generally consistent with those from other systems, but often provide more detailed information on the behavioural function of a particular property of the nervous system. A review of the literature on gastropod feeding illustrates a number of important messages. (i) Many of the herbivorous gastropods display similarities in behaviour that are reflected in corresponding similarities in neural anatomy,pharmacology and physiology. By contrast, the same aspects of the behaviour of different carnivorous species are quite variable, possibly because of their specialised prey-capture techniques. Nonetheless, some aspects of the neural control of feeding are preserved. (ii) Feeding in all species is flexible,with the behaviour and the physiology adapting to changes in the current environment and internal state and as a result of past experience. Flexibility arises via processes that may take place at many neural sites, and much of the modulation underlying behavioural flexibility is understood at a systems and at a cellular level. (iii) Neurones seem to have specific functions that are consistent with their endogenous properties and their synaptic connections, suggesting that individual neurones code specific pieces of information (i.e. they are `grandmother cells'). However, the properties of a neurone can be extremely complex and can be understood only in the context of the complete neural circuit and the behaviour that it controls. In systems that are orders of magnitude more complex, it would be impossible to understand the functional properties of an individual neurone, even if it also coded specific information. (iv) Systems such as gastropod feeding may provide a model for understanding the functional properties of more complex systems.

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Carré-Ménétriér, V., and J. Zaytoon. "Grafcet: Behavioural Issues and Control Synthesis." European Journal of Control 8, no. 4 (January 2002): 375–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ejc.8.375-401.

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Voudouris, Christos, Paul Chernett, Chang J. Wang, and Vic L. Callaghan. "Hierarchical Behavioural Control for Autonomous Vehicles." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, no. 11 (June 1995): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46981-3.

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DANIELS, H., H. DEVLIEGER, P. CASAER, V. RAMAEKERS, J. VAN DEN BROECK, and E. EGGERMONT. "Feeding, Behavioural State and Cardiorespiratory Control." Acta Paediatrica 77, no. 3 (May 1988): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10662.x.

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Crawford, David, and Neville Owen. "The behavioural epidemiology of weight control." Australian Journal of Public Health 18, no. 2 (February 12, 2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1994.tb00215.x.

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El-Sonbaty, Marwa, Ahmed Fathy, Amal Aljohani, and Abeer Fathy. "Assessment of Behavioural Disorders in Children with Functional Constipation." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 23 (December 13, 2019): 4019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.677.

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BACKGROUND: Functional constipation (FC) is a common health problem in paediatrics that causes significant physical and emotional distress to patients and their families. AIM: In the current work, we assessed the presence of behavioural problems in children with functional constipation and their pattern and relation to various demographic and disease-associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted, including 55 consecutive children aged 4-16 years diagnosed with functional constipation and 55 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Psychological assessment was done using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist – 17 (PSC-17). RESULTS: Twenty-six (47.3%) patients with FC had positive total PSC-17 scores while none of the controls had positive scores (p-value < 0.001). Positive internalising and externalising behaviours scores and attention problems were found in 36 (65.5%), 15 (27.3%) and 12 (21.8%) of the patients respectively in contrary to controls where only 6 (10.9%) had positive scores in internalising behaviour, and non-showed externalising behaviour and 4 (7.3%) were inattentive. Older age, longer duration of illness, residency in rural areas and presence of encopresis were found to have a significant association with the presence of such problems. CONCLUSION: Children with FC have more behavioural disorders compared to healthy controls. Integration of psychosocial aspects and their management is recommended during dealing with patients with FC.

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Koc, Sevgi, and Hasan Basri Memduhoglu. "A model test towards university students’ cheating behaviour in the context of the theory of planned behaviour." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 15, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 727–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i4.5056.

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This study aimed to identify the causal relationships amongst attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, moral obligation and intention towards cheating by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study sample (n = 1,220) consists of senior students at the faculties of Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey. The data were collected with the scales; attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, moral obligation and intention towards cheating, which were developed by researchers of the study. The data were analysed by the exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis. It can be concluded that the Theory of Planned Behaviour is capable of explaining the attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, moral obligation and intention variables towards cheating, and it is confirmed in a good model fit with this study. According to the path analysis results, the attitude towards cheating has a strong and significant effect for cheating intention, and subjective norms and the perceived behavioural control towards cheating have no significant effect for cheating intention. Keywords: University students, cheating, planned behaviour, path analysis.

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Iskandar, Azwar, and Ita Hartati. "The Role Of Organizational Supporting In Moderating The Whistleblowing Behavior Intention." Equilibrium: Jurnal Ekonomi-Manajemen-Akuntansi 17, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/equilibrium.v17i1.990.

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This study aimed to analyze the influence of the attitude toward behaviour and perceived behavioural control on whistleblowing intention, and the role of organizational supporting of employees as moderating variable in the influence of the attitude toward behaviour and perceived behavioural control on whistleblowing intention of employees. This study used primary data from a questionnaire, simple random sampling method and quantitative approach of Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) technique. This study empirically showed that the implementation of the whistleblowing system has not been successful. Based on the three hypotheses proposed, all of them were not proven and accepted. The attitude toward behaviour has no significant effect on whistleblowing intention by the employees. The perceived behavioural control had a significant effect on whistleblowing intention by employees. In other that, the current organizational support of employees can not play a role as moderation influencing attitudes and perceived behavioural control over internal whistleblowing intention. The government needs to create special laws and rules to give enough law protection for the whistleblo¬wer in the public sector.

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Kashif, Muhammad, Anna Zarkada, and Ramayah Thurasamy. "The moderating effect of religiosity on ethical behavioural intentions." Personnel Review 46, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-10-2015-0256.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate Pakistani bank front-line employees’ intentions to behave ethically by using the extended theory of planned behaviour (ETPB) into which religiosity (i.e. religious activity, devotion to rituals and belief in doctrine) is integrated as a moderating variable. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected 234 self-administered questionnaires and analysed them using SmartPLS 2.0, a second generation structural equation modelling technique. Findings This paper demonstrates that the ETPB can explain intentions to behave ethically. Moral norms (i.e. the rules of morality that people believe they ought to follow) and perceived behavioural control (i.e. people’s perceptions of their ability to perform a given behaviour) are the best predictors of ethical behavioural intentions. The effects of injunctive norms (i.e. perceptions of which behaviours are typically approved or disapproved in an organisation) and of perceived behavioural control on behavioural intent are moderated by religiosity. Practical implications Leading by example, providing ethics training, empowering employees and encouraging the expression of religiosity are proposed as ways to foster an ethical culture in the workplace. Originality/value Even though numerous empirical studies have utilised variants of the theory of planned behaviour to explain consumer behaviour, its applicability to ethical behaviour in the workplace has scarcely been explored. Moreover, its tests in non-western contexts are scant. This study demonstrates the applicability of the ETPB in a broader circumstantial and cultural context and enriches it with religiosity, a pertinent characteristic of billions of people around the world. Finally, this is one of the very few ethics studies focusing on banking, an industry fraught with allegations of moral breaches.

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COX, D. M., and C. V. HOLLAND. "The relationship between numbers of larvae recovered from the brain of Toxocara canis-infected mice and social behaviour and anxiety in the host." Parasitology 116, no. 6 (June 1998): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098002649.

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The effect of the nematode Toxocara canis on social behaviour and anxiety levels of adult male outbred (LACA) mice was examined following infection with a single dose of 2000 ova. The actual number of larvae recovered from the brain of each individual mouse was determined after behavioural testing. The effect of the parasite on mouse behaviour was analysed by both the initial dose administered (i.e. infected versus control) and the degree of infection in the brain. There was substantial variation in the number of larvae recovered from the brains of the individual mice and the magnitude of behavioural change was associated with the level of infection. Examination of social behaviour for both analyses revealed that the infection reduced levels of aggressive behaviour and increased levels of flight and defensive behaviours. High infection in the brain induced the greatest degree of behavioural change which decreased in mice with lower infections. In contrast the analysis of anxiety levels in mice by initial dose administered revealed no difference between infected and control mice. Mice with low infection in the brain, however, displayed a greater level of risk behaviour by spending more time in the vicinity of a predator odour and in the light area of a light/dark paradigm than control or high infection mice. The results suggest that the behaviour of mice infected with T. canis is influenced by the number of larvae accumulated in the brain. This may have important consequences for the conclusions drawn on the effect of this parasite on murine behaviour.

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Toates, Frederick. "On giving a more active and selective role to consciousness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 4 (December 1995): 700–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00040668.

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AbstractAn active role for conscious processes in the production of behaviour is proposed, involving top level controls in a hierarchy of behavioural control. It is suggested that by inhibiting or sensitizing lower levels in the hierarchy conscious processes can play a role in the organization of ongoing behaviour. Conscious control can be more or less evident, according to prevailing circumstances.

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Briffa, Mark, Lynne U. Sneddon, and Alastair J. Wilson. "Animal personality as a cause and consequence of contest behaviour." Biology Letters 11, no. 3 (March 2015): 20141007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.1007.

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We review the evidence for a link between consistent among-individual variation in behaviour (animal personality) and the ability to win contests over limited resources. Explorative and bold behaviours often covary with contest behaviour and outcome, although there is evidence that the structure of these ‘behavioural syndromes' can change across situations. Aggression itself is typically repeatable, but also subject to high within-individual variation as a consequence of plastic responses to previous fight outcomes and opponent traits. Common proximate mechanisms (gene expression, endocrine control and metabolic rates) may underpin variation in both contest behaviour and general personality traits. Given the theoretical links between the evolution of fighting and of personality, we suggest that longitudinal studies of contest behaviour, combining behavioural and physiological data, would be a useful context for the study of animal personalities.

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Gautrais, Jacques, Christian Jost, Raphael Jeanson, and Guy Theraulaz. "How individual interactions control aggregation patterns in gregarious arthropods." Interaction Studies 5, no. 2 (September 6, 2004): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.5.2.05gau.

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Aggregation is one of the most widespread phenomena in animal groups and often represents a collective dynamic response to environmental conditions. In social species the underlying mechanisms mostly obey self-organized principles. This phenomenon constitutes a powerful model to decouple purely social components from ecological factors. Here we used a model of cockroach aggregation to address the problems of sensitivity of collective patterns and control of aggregation dynamics. The individual behavioural rules (as a function of neighbour density) and the emergent collective patterns were previously quantified and modelled by Jeanson et al. (2003, 2004). We first present the diverse spatio-temporal patterns of a derived model in response to parameter changes, either involving social or non-social interactions. This sensitivity analysis is then extended to evaluate the evolution of these patterns in mixed societies of sub-populations with different behavioural parameters. Simple linear or highly non-linear collective responses emerge. We discuss their potential application to control animal populations by infiltration of biomimetic autonomous robots that mimic cockroach behaviour. We suggest that detailed behavioural models are a prerequisite to do so.

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Kohler, Shanelle A., Matthew O. Parker, and Alex T. Ford. "Shape and size of the arenas affect amphipod behaviours: implications for ecotoxicology." PeerJ 6 (July 26, 2018): e5271. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5271.

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The use of behaviour in ecotoxicology is expanding, however the lack of standardisation and validation of these assays currently presents a major drawback in moving forward in the development of behavioural assays. Furthermore, there is a current paucity of control data on test species, particularly invertebrate models. In this study we assessed a range of behaviours associated with spatial distribution and locomotion in relation to arena size and shape in two species of amphipod crustacean (Echinogammarus marinus and Gammarus pulex). Arena shape had significant effects on almost all behavioural parameters analysed. Increasing arena size resulted in an increased mean velocity and activity plus increased proportional use of the central zones. These results indicate that ‘ceiling effects’ may occur in some ecotoxicological studies resulting in potentially ‘false’ negative effects if careful consideration is not paid to experimental design. Differences in behaviours were observed between the two species of amphipod. For example, G. pulex spend approximately five times (∼20%) more of the available time crossing the central zones of the arenas compared to E. marinus (∼4%) which could have implications on assessing anxiolytic behaviours. The results of this study highlight several behaviours with potential for use in behavioural ecotoxicology with crustaceans but also underscore the need for careful consideration when designing these behavioural assays.

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Corr, Philip J. "Clarifying Problems in Behavioural Control: Interface, Lateness and Consciousness." European Journal of Personality 24, no. 5 (August 2010): 423–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.781.

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The target paper highlights a number of unresolved issues that, I believe, continue to impede the construction of a viable model of behavioural control in personality psychology; namely, (a) the relationship between controlled and automatic processing (the ‘interface’ problem’) and (b) the time it takes for controlled processes, including consciousness, to be generated (the ‘lateness’ problem). The diversity of views expressed in the commentatories indicates that these are, indeed, real and unresolved problems. This response is structured around the following key questions. (1) How long–term goal planning interfaces with the automatic machinery of behaviour? (2) The extent of the impact of the ‘lateness’ of controlled (including conscious) processes for building models of behavioural control? (3) How best to characterise the personality traits associated with the FFFS, BIS and BAS? (4) How does the BIS control mismatch detection, the generation of error signals, and response inhibition and switching? (5) Is consciousness really a necessary explanatory construct in models of behavioural control? (6) Might neural ‘crosstalk’ of encapsulated action–goal response systems point to the functional significance of consciousness? (7) What are the implications of issues raised in the target paper for lexical and social–cognitive approaches to personality? I conclude by re–iterating the importance of the problems of ‘lateness’ and ‘interface’ for the construction of a viable model of behavioural control sufficient for the fostering of theoretical integration within personality psychology as well as affording the building of conceptual bridges with general psychology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Natarajan, Dhanapal, Alberto Jarabo Martin, and Dorothy Tesh. "Risperidone therapy in the control of behavioural disturbances in patients with learning disability." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 14, no. 2 (June 1997): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700003050.

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AbstractObjective: The objective of this audit to examine the effect of risperidone therapy in controlling some behavioural disturbances in people with learning disability.Method: Retrospective analysis of various behavioural disturbances before and after beginning risperidone therapy (during the month before risperidone was started in each case, and during September 1994 in all cases).Results: Risperidone was found to be effective in controlling various behaviour problems in 12 of 17 patients.Conclusion: Risperidone may selectively influence behaviour problems secondary to possible underlying mental illness but not others. There was also some evidence that it was more effective in an average dose of 6-8mg/day, but was not beneficial in doses smaller or larger than this dose range.

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Willems, Jan C. "The Behavioural Approach to Systems and Control." European Journal of Control 2, no. 4 (January 1996): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0947-3580(96)70050-x.

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Tattam, Amanda. "David Hill: behavioural insights into cancer control." Lancet 354, no. 9185 (October 1999): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75396-4.

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Montague, P. Read, Steven E. Hyman, and Jonathan D. Cohen. "Computational roles for dopamine in behavioural control." Nature 431, no. 7010 (October 2004): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03015.

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Creedon, Sile A. "Infection control: behavioural issues for healthcare workers." Clinical Governance: An International Journal 11, no. 4 (October 2006): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777270610708850.

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Wingfield, John C. "Control of behavioural strategies for capricious environments." Animal Behaviour 66, no. 5 (November 2003): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2003.2298.

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Stephens, Dai. "Studying behavioural control in rodents and humans." Alcohol 60 (May 2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.02.252.

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Ryan, Bob. "Management planning and control—The behavioural foundations." British Accounting Review 20, no. 2 (August 1988): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-8389(88)90049-2.

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Moon, Heekang, and Hyun-Hwa Lee. "Consumers’ preference fit and ability to express preferences in the use of online mass customization." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 8, no. 2 (June 3, 2014): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-07-2013-0043.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate consumers’ intention to use mass customization by incorporating preference fit and their ability to express preferences into the theory of planned behaviour and to examine how consumers perceive behavioural control over the process of online mass customization (OMC). Preference fit, which refers to fit between consumer preference and product attributes, and ability to express preferences were integrated into theory of planned behaviour as two belief variables related to OMC. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 346 potential respondents were invited via e-mail to participate in the present study acquired from an independent marketing company. We conducted a self-administrated online survey using a video clip with voice instructions to demonstrate the OMC process as a stimulus. Findings – The results suggest that consumers’ attitudes and perceived behavioural control predicted their OMC use intentions. Preference fit positively affected consumers’ attitudes towards OMC as a behavioural belief, and the ability to express preferences positively influenced preference fit but did not predict perceived behavioural control as a control belief. Clothing involvement was a positive predictor of preference fit and the ability to express preferences. Originality/value – This study contributes to the OMC literature by suggesting a theoretical framework by extending the theory of planned behaviour and identifying consumers’ belief variables as antecedents of attitudes and perceived behavioural control in the OMC context. In addition, the study examines the role of clothing involvement in facilitating consumers’ OMC beliefs, suggesting the crucial role of clothing involvement as one of individual factors extending theory of planned behaviour framework, in the OMC process.

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Berzosa-Grande, Pilar, Eduardo González-Fraile, Rocío Sánchez-López, María Soria-Oliver, and Santiago Rueda-Esteban. "The relationship between allergic diseases and internalizing and externalizing behaviours in Spanish children: a cross-sectional study." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i4.192.

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Introduction and objectives: The relationship between allergic diseases and behavioural disorders is still unclear. The objective of this study is to describe and compare children’s behaviour (internalising and externalising) across a sample of children between 6 and 11-years-old with and without allergic diseases.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational case-control study that comprises a survey of 366 families (194 cases and 172 controls) including a Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and a sociodemographic questionnaire with questions related to family, school education, health conditions, and allergy symptoms was administered.Results: Children with a diagnosis of allergy showed higher scores in the overall CBCL score (standardised mean differences [SMD] = 0.47; CI: 0.26–0.68) and in the internalising and externalising factors (SMD = 0.52 and SMD = 0.36, respectively) than non-allergic children. Odds ratio analyses showed a higher risk (OR = 2.76; CI 95% [1.61 to 4.72]) of developing a behavioural difficulty in children diagnosed with allergies. Age and level of asthma appears as modulatory variables.Conclusions: Children diagnosed with allergies at age 6 to 11 years show larger behavioural problems than non-allergic children, especially in internalising behaviours. These findings suggest the importance of attending to them and treating them in the early stages of the diagnosis to avoid future psychological disorders.

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Berzosa-Grande, M. Pilar, Eduardo González-Fraile, Rocío Sánchez- López, María Soria-Oliver, and Santiago Rueda-Esteban. "The relationship between allergic diseases and internalizing and externalizing behaviours in Spanish children: a cross-sectional study." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i3.78.

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Introduction and objectives: The relationship between allergic diseases and behavioural dis-orders is still unclear. The objective of this study was to describe and compare children’s behaviour (internalising and externalising) across a sample of children aged 6–11 years with and without allergic diseases. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional observational case-control study. A survey to 366 families (194 allergic cases and 172 controls), including a child behaviour checklist (CBCL) and a socio-demographic questionnaire with questions related to family, school education, health conditions and allergy symptoms, was administered. Results: Children with a diagnosis of allergy showed higher scores in the overall CBCL score (standardised mean differences [SMD] = 0.47; confidence intervals [CI]: 0.26–0.68) and in the internalising and externalising factors (SMD = 0.52 and SMD = 0.36, respectively) than non-allergic children. Odds ratio (OR) analyses showed a higher risk (OR = 2.76; 95% CI [1.61 to 4.72]) of developing a behavioural difficulty in children diagnosed with allergies. Age and level of asthma appear as modulatory variables. Conclusions: Children aged 6–11 years diagnosed with allergies showed larger behavioural problems than non-allergic children, especially in the case of internalising behaviours. These findings suggest the importance of attending to them and treating them in the early stages of diagnosis to avoid future psychological disorders.

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Albuquerque, C. M. Sousa, V. D. Franco, C. P. Ferreira O. Albuquerque, and C. P. Baptista Mota. "Risk Behaviours in Adolescence: Prediction Cognitive and Psychosocial." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70941-1.

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This investigation's main goal was to determine if some psychosocial (self-concept, control locus, assertiveness and satisfaction towards social support) and cognitive variables (health beliefs and attitudes towards health) were associated to health related behaviours. The sample was constituted by 829 teenagers, 382 male and 447 female, whose average age is 14.66 years old, who attended the 9th grade of the public and daily schools in the district of Viseu, Portugal.Results:1.Study on the association between health and risk behaviours and psychosocial variables: The better the self-concept, the better the behaviours; The higher the satisfaction with social support, the better the behaviours; The higher the assertiveness, the better the behaviours; The association between control locus and healthy and risk behaviours is not significant.2.Study on the association between health and risk behaviours and cognitive variables: The more favourable the attitudes towards health, the better the behaviours; The more adequate the health beliefs, the better the behaviours.3.Study on the psychosocial variables interaction effects with cognitive variables in health and risk behaviour prediction: The interaction variable was revealed as the best health and risk behaviour predictor is the variable resulting from Factor 1 - behavioural aspect (Self-Concept) and Factor 4 - preventive attitude (Attitudes Towards Health) interaction, with a determination coefficient (R2) of .409. The patterned coefficient analysis Beta (beta=.427) indicates that the higher this interaction effect (F1 - behavioural aspect * F4 - preventive attitude) the better the behaviours.

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Ingram, Michelle, and Ronald M. Rapee. "The Effect of Chocolate on the Behaviour of Preschool Children." Behaviour Change 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.23.1.73.

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AbstractDespite the popular belief that chocolate adversely affects young children's behaviour, there have been no direct investigations into the behavioural response to chocolate consumption. This study investigated the effect of chocolate ingestion on the behaviour of 26 preschool children. Dried fruit was consumed in a separate condition to control for nonspecific factors, such as excitement and novelty, associated with the effects of receiving positive substances. Children were observed while they listened to a short story, immediately before and 30 minutes after they ate chocolate or fruit. The children's behaviours were videotaped and scored by two blind raters who coded their behaviours according to six objective and two subjective measures. There were no significant behavioural changes due to consumption of either chocolate or fruit on subjective and objective ratings. These findings raise questions about the popular perception that chocolate promotes poor attention and increased activity in preschool children.

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Pagani, Linda, Denis Larocque, Richard E. Tremblay, and Pierre Lapointe. "The impact of junior kindergarten on behaviour in elementary school children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 27, no. 5 (September 2003): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000028.

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Using data from the first cycle of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, this study examines the impact of junior kindergarten on children’s behavioural development, above and beyond regional differences and individual/household factors. It was hypothesised that earlier schooling would help children learn behavioural control skills for participating in group settings like the elementary school classroom. Research has established that children from disadvantaged environments face an increased risk of behavioural problems, usually by virtue of accompanying risk factors. As such, we hypothesised that junior kindergarten attendance would reduce the risk gap for behavioural problems between children from economically disadvantaged and advantaged families. The results revealed that on the whole, junior kindergarten did not seem to decrease problem behaviour. These results are above and beyond a number of controls (sex, age, region, SES, family functioning, family configuration, education, and family size). Although children from disadvantaged environments exhibited more behaviour problems, attending junior kindergarten did not reduce the risk gap for behavioural difficulties between children from lower SES and higher SES backgrounds.

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Mitchell, J., and A. Kelly. "Evaluating Odour Attractants for Control of Wild Dogs." Wildlife Research 19, no. 2 (1992): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920211.

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Attractants (odours) were assessed for their ability to attract wild dogs (dingoes, feral dogs or their hybrids) in field trials over three levels of population density and four life-cycle behaviour 'seasons'. Visitation rates and the elicited behaviour responses were recorded for eight attractant formulations. Population density exhibited no reliable effect on odour attractiveness. Seasonal factors were shown to influence the attractiveness of specific attractants. The combination of attractiveness and the correct behavioural response towards specific odour-based control devices are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Behavioural control'

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