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Journal articles on the topic 'Behaviour'
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Duica, Lavinia, Vlad Dragulescu, and Mihai Pirlog. "NEUROBIOLOGICAL ELEMENTS OF HOPELESSNESS AND IMPULSIVITY IN SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 4, Reports in Clinical Medicine and (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.suicidal-behaviour-neuro.
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S, Pradeep Roy K., Arun Karthik V. M, and Dr Muthukumar K. "Minimizing Employee Injury by Changing the Behavior Through Behaviour Based Safety." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 1533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18893.
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Bisen, Dr Vikram, and Madhulika Pandey. "Applying Behavioural Finance by Analysing Investor Behaviour In Lucknow City." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2013/117.
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Susanto, Joko, and Bayu Sindhu Raharja. "The Debtor’s Behavior in Microfinance Industry: An Exploratory Study of Measurement Scales." Jurnal Analisis Bisnis Ekonomi 18, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/bisnisekonomi.v18i2.4042.
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This study is an exploratory descriptive research that attempts to explore the measurement indicators of debtors’ behavior in microfinance industry. It employs as much of previous studies showed little attention in the relation of debtor's behaviour and non-performing loans. On the contrary, they spotlight more on the banking-specific information and macroeconomics factors. Therefore, this research tries to discover the debtor's behaviour which is assumed to have an impact on non-performing loans. The behaviours which employed and proposed are impulsiveness, risk-taking behaviour, and trustworthiness. This study aims to inquiry the measurement scales of proposed behaviours as well as test the validity and reliability of those indicators by employing exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The result shows that there are three indicators accepted being a measuring instrument of impulsiveness, two for risk-taking behaviour, and four signs for trustworthiness. It also examines in the descriptive analysis of the debtor's behaviour based on their socio-demographic criteria such as gender, age, marriage status, and wage. The research result would give an insight into both empirical and practical advantage in terms of microfinancing management. Theoretically, this paper serves a valid and reliable of debtors’ behavior measurement scales that would contribute for future research in testing the relation of such behavior variables to non-performing loans.
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G, Thanushree, and Farzana M.B. "Understanding Investor Behaviour: Insights from Behavioural Finance in the Indian Context." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 5 (May 17, 2024): 7138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0524.1305.
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Boer, Harm, and Anupama Iyer. "Challenging behaviour and offending behaviours." Tizard Learning Disability Review 25, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-04-2020-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore three main areas in relation to the interface between challenging behaviour and offending. Design/methodology/approach The first aim is to explore the labelling of behaviours as challenging or offending behaviour in the light of legal definitions, staff knowledge and beliefs and the mental capacity and mental health acts. The second is to explore challenging behaviour as a risk factor for offending in people with Intellectual Disability (ID).The third aim is to discuss the challenging behaviour as a barrier to discharge from secure services. Findings There is limited research suggesting that challenging behaviour such as physical aggression can lead to longer stay in forensic services, and this warrants further research. Originality/value This paper aims to promote discussion about the interface of offending and challenging behaviour in people with IDs and to promote best practice.
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Lewczuk, Joanna, and Anna Anyzewska. "Personality correlates of health behaviors among men training recreationally in the interdisciplinary spirit of health pedagogy." Studia z Teorii Wychowania XIII, no. 4 (41) (December 20, 2022): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1644.
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The aim of the study was to identify the personality traits (according to the so-called Big Five personality model) in relation to healthy behaviour among amateur athletes. One hundred physically active men participated in the study. Health Behaviour Inventory questionnaire developed by Juczyński was used to assess health-related behavior, and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) developed by Costa and McCrae, in the Polish adaptation, was used to determine principal personality dimensions. Significant correlations between the level of health-related behavior or some kind of them and personality dimensions were observed. Two clusters (personality profiles) related to prohealthy behaviours were separated. Observed correlations between health behaviours and personality traits of physically active men confirm the validity of the research and a need for healthy behaviour education. Understanding the associations between healthy behaviours and personality traits can be used in health pedagogy, including development of effective methods of education and health prophylaxis in amateur athletes.
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Cabrera, Maria Carmen, Elisa Larrañaga, and Santiago Yubero. "The Role of Emotions, Moral Disengagement and Gender in Supporting Victims of Bullying." Education Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10120365.
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Previous research shows that classmates supporting victims’ defence is fundamental to combat bullying. To find a suitable response for the bullying problem, we must bear in mind how all the victim’s classmates respond and what variables can determine their helping behaviour. Moral disengagement has been demonstrated to be a factor that explains behaviour when faced with bullying. Emotions have also been shown to be relevant for bullying behaviour. This research aimed to gain knowledge of how adolescents behave when faced with bullying and to analyse how their behaviour relates to moral disengagement and both positive and negative emotions, specifically supportive behaviour for victims. In the present study 1029 students participated, all of whom came from Secondary Education, Training Cycles and Higher Secondary Education Stages in Spain. The regression analysis confirmed that being male increased the likelihood of performing active and passive behaviours. Conversely, being female involved displaying more proactive behaviours. Feeling positive/pleasant emotions about bullying increased active behaviour. Feeling negative/unpleasant emotions about bullying increased behaviour in the proactive behavior group. Adolescents should be aware that stopping bullying is their personal responsibility, which depends on their behaviour with the victim. Interventions must aim to reduce moral disengagement and positive emotions about bullying by increasing negative emotions about such behaviour.
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Nyasani, Everlyn, and Dr Chrispus Wawire. "Relationship between Rewarding Positive Behaviour and Disruptive Behaviour in Secondary Schools in Nairobi County Kenya." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IX (2023): 1624–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.71031.
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It is estimated that about 20% of secondary school students in Kenya display challenging behaviours such as disruptiveness, non-compliance or aggression that limit their ability to learn and interfere with productive classroom instruction. Teachers use a variety of ways to manage and reduce these challenging behaviours. For instance, from the literature reviewed, it is clear that disruptive behaviour is as a result of punitive measures used in managing students’ behaviour. In these studies, it is not clear how specific behavioural management strategies influence disruptive behaviour. The aim of this study therefore, was to investigate the correlation between rewarding positive behavior; teaching alternative behavior and disruptive behaviours among form two students in Dagoretti Sub County. Specifically, the study investigated the relationship between rewarding positive behaviour and teaching alternative behaviour and disruptive behaviour. This study employed a mixed research methodology in which both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Data was collected because the study was aimed at establishing if there was a significant relationship between behaviour support strategies and disruptive behaviours among form two students. According to Kothari (2004) quantitative research methodology focuses on numeric and detailed data that is collected using structured research instruments while qualitative methodology collects data from the respondents using narratives. Questionnaires were used to collect data on the study variables and then analysed using computer software to answer the research questions. Interview schedule was used to collect qualitative data from the guidance and counselling teachers. This research methodology was appropriate for this study because it provided an in-depth understanding of the research problem since it employs diverse approaches in data collection. The study was based on Problem Behaviour Theory. To establish the nature of the relationships among the research variables, the study employed correlational research design. This study was carried out in Dagoretti North Sub-County, Nairobi City County. The study targeted 6456 form two students, 64 form two class teachers and 32 guidance and counselling teachers in the year 2023. Purposive sampling was employed in selecting form two classes, their class teachers and guidance and counselling teachers. Students were selected using simple random sampling. The sample consisted of 365 students and 20 teachers who were sampled from 10 schools. This study primarily utilized structured questionnaires for the classroom teachers and students to collect data on Rewarding positive behaviour used by teachers and disruptive behaviour. Piloting of the research instruments involved conducting a study in one school using 20 students and two teachers. The results were used to ascertain the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data by calculating frequencies and percentages that were presented using frequency tables. Pearson product moment correlation analysis was employed to test hypotheses. The results indicate that there was a negative and significant relationship between rewarding positive behaviour and disruptive behaviour, r (352) = – .29, p < 0.05. Since the study found that there was a negative and significant relationship between rewarding positive behaviour and disruptive behaviour among students, teachers should ensure that they come up with comprehensive guidance and counselling programs on teaching the students desirable behaviour and rewarding positive behaviour. This will go a long way in reducing disruptive behaviour among secondary school students.
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Florez-Puga, Gonzalo, Marco Gómez-Martín, Belén Díaz-Agudo, and Pedro González-Calero. "Dynamic Expansion of Behaviour Trees." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 4, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v4i1.18669.
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Artificial intelligence in games is typically used for creating player's opponents. Manual edition of intelligent behaviors for Non-Player Characters (NPCs) of games is a cumbersome task that needs experienced designers. Our research aims to assist designers in this task. Behaviours typically use recurring patterns, so that experience and reuse are crucial aspects for behavior design. The use of hierarchical state machines allows working on different abstraction levels, sharing transitions and reusing pieces from the more detailed levels. However, the static nature of the design process does not release the designer from the burden to completely specify each behaviour. Our approach applies Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) techniques to retrieve and reuse stored behaviors represented as hierarchical state machines (actually, behaviour trees). In this paper we focus on dynamic retrieval of behaviours taking into account the world state and the underlying goals to select the most appropriate state machine to guide the NPC behaviour. The global behaviour of the NPC is dynamically built in run time querying the CBR system. We exemplify our approach through a serious game, developed by our research group, with gameplay elements from First-Person Shooter (FPS) games.
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Martin, Andrew J., Ken W. Linfoot, and Jennifer Stephenson. "Problem Behaviour and Associated Risk Factors in Young Children." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.1.1.
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AbstractThere is increasing concern about the number of preschool children displaying problem behaviour. This study examines the relative contribution of potential risk factors, particularly those related to families, to problem behaviour in the lives of a sample of western Sydney three- to five-year-old children. Problem behaviour was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1991), encompassing measures of anxious, depressed, uncommunicative, obsessive, somatic complaint, social withdrawal, hyperactive, aggressive, and delinquent behaviours. Particularly salient risk factors associated with problem behaviour were found to be children's behaviour when very young (an indicant of temperament), personal stress in parents associated with concerns about the family and economic worries, and parenting characterised by guilt and anxiety.
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Zhang, Xinyong, Zhenzhen Sun, Zhaoxiang Niu, Yijing Sun, and Dawei Wang. "The Effect of Abusive Supervision on Safety Behaviour: A Moderated Mediation Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 12124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212124.
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Leadership behavior has an impact on the behavior of employees. Previous studies have mainly studied the impact of positive leadership behaviors on employees’ behaviors, but there is an absence of research on the impact of negative leadership behaviours (abusive supervision) on safety behaviours (including safety participation and safety compliance). In this study, 599 front-line employees in the petrochemical industry were selected as subjects. Abusive supervision, safety behaviour, safety motivation and a conscientiousness questionnaire were used as measurements to explore the relationship between abusive supervision and employee safety behaviors, and to further explore the roles of safety motivation, conscientiousness and the relationship between them. This study found that abusive supervision is negatively related to employee safety behaviours (safety compliance and safety participation); that safety motivation plays a mediating role in the relationship between abusive supervision and employees’ safety behavior; and that conscientiousness moderates the role of safety motivation between the relationship of abusive supervision and employees’ safety behaviour. With a higher level of conscientiousness, the indirect relationship between abusive supervision and employee safety behaviours is weaker. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical significance of these findings for abusive supervision and the management of safety behaviours.
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Bharijoo, Surendra Bahadur. "Behaviour Modification: An Efficacious Tool of Shaping Individual Behaviour Productive and Supportive to Organizational Goal Attainment." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 5, no. 1 (July 26, 2009): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v5i1.2082.
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This article intends to shed light on the basic concept of Behaviour Modification which is drawing attention increasingly of managers and practioners in shaping behavior of people with whom they are dealing constantly in the organization. Researches and studies revealed that Behaviour Modification can be an efficacious tool in modeling individual behaviours if it is appropriately used with caution. As such, it is also attempted to present here the basic steps and guidelines for its application. In addition to these, the article attempts to point out experiences and limitations of application of Behavioural Modification as explained by its researchers.Key words: Behaviour, modification, individual, organization, goal attainment.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. V, No. 1, 2008, December Page: 50-61
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Tamamiyah, Lutfiyatut. "Implementation of Group Guidance Cognitive Behavior Therapy Approach to Deal With Bullying Behavior At Smp It Darul Ma'arif." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi 5, no. 2 (February 25, 2024): 500–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i2.907.
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This thesis discusses the implementation of a group guidance cognitive behaviour therapy approach to deal with bullying behaviour in SMP IT Darul Ma'arif, where there are class students who commit bullying behaviours such as calling their friends inappropriately, bullying their friends inside and outside the classroom; mocking other students' physiques; hitting each other; and And students often mock the names of their friends' parents. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of bullying on students at SMP IT Darul Ma'arif and to determine the implementation of group guidance on the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) approach to dealing with bullying behaviour at SMP IT Darul Ma'arif. This study uses qualitative research with a type of phenomenological research, where this study aims to understand and describe a specific phenomenon that is deep and obtains the essence of participants' life experiences with the phenomenon. The data used are primary and secondary. Data collection tools are observation methods, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, in data processing and analysis, the steps used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it is known that group guidance services for the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) approach to dealing with bullying behaviour at SMP IT Darul Ma'arif have decreased bullying behaviour. Group guidance services The Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) approach is effective in dealing with bullying behaviour at SMP IT Darul Ma'arif, as evidenced by the presence of students who no longer bully their friends.
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NEJA, Wojciech, Małgorzata JANKOWSKA, Mariusz Bogucki, Sylwia KRĘŻEL-CZOPEK, Sylwia ZIELIŃSKA, and Serkan OZKAYA. "BEHAVIOUR OF CALVES." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 336, no. 43 (September 30, 2017): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2017.43.3.12.
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Attreya, Bhawna. "Consumer Buying Behaviour." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15, no. 9 (October 1, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/15/57885.
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Bankole, Emmanuel Temitope, and Blessing Victoria Adesina. "Influence of Connectedness to Nature and Environmental Identity On Pro-Environmental Behaviour Among Youths." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0412.
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This study investigated the influence of connectedness to nature and environmental identity on pro-environmental behaviour among youths. Three instruments were used in this study, they are: Pro-environmental Behavior Scale (PEBS), Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS), and Environmental Identity Scale. Two hundred undergraduates were selected using a Convenience Sampling method. Four hypotheses were tested using regression, independent T-test. Result showed that connectedness to nature β= .30, t= 4.40, p<.01 and environmental identity β= .25, t= 3.66, p<.01 independently predict pro-environmental behaviour. Connectedness to nature and environmental identity jointly predict pro-environmental behaviour; there is no significant sex difference in pro-environmental behavior t(198)= .542, p>.05. There is no significant difference in pro-environmental behavior between rural and urban residents t(198)= 1.646,p>.05. Findings of the study were discussed in line with extant literatures. It was concluded that connectedness to nature and environmental identity are positive integers to pro-environmental behaviours.
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Adeoluwa Adewumi, Samson, Taiwo Ajadi, and Bhekabantu Ntshangase. "Green human resource management and green environmental workplace behaviour in the eThekwini municipality of South Africa." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 4 (June 5, 2022): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1720.
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Conversations on green human resource management (GHRM) are relatively new in the canon of human resource discourse. Existing studies have been focused on industrial and service industries of the private sector leaving a research gap in the public sector establishment, especially at the municipality level of governance. This study aims to address this gap by interrogating the perception and understanding of green behaviour and the evaluation of green behaviour performance. A total of 12 unit managers and employees of the human resource management department of the eThekwini municipality were purposively recruited based on existing knowledge of the green behaviour concept. The semi-structured interview approach was used in eliciting qualitative data. The NVivo (v.12) qualitative software was employed for the identification of themes and the content qualitative analytical tool was employed to make sense of the various themes. The findings show a range of perceptions and understanding of green behavior including change in management behaviour towards environmental sustainability goals, moving towards a paperless environment, re-engineering and automation of work process and safeguarding the environment through pro-environmental behaviours. The evaluation of employees’ green behaviour performance can be achieved through regular introspection and monitoring of the operations of green environmental activities, the integration of green behaviour targets with key performance indicators (KPI) and the benefits of green behaviour to the organisation. The study echoes the need for robust managerial support and massive organizational awareness of the importance of green behaviours for a sustainable work environment.
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Telli Danışmaz, Açelya. "Evaluation of compulsory green employee behaviour in the framework of compulsory citizenship behaviour." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 11, no. 3 (September 24, 2023): 966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v11i3.2275.
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For a sustainable environment, organizations have adopted the green management approach and started to work towards adopting green organizational behaviours in their organizations. However, the fact that these behaviours are not always exhibited voluntarily reveals the need to explore a new concept: compulsory green employee behaviour. The main subject of this study is whether this behaviour can be handled within the framework of compulsory citizenship behaviour. This study, “Can compulsory green employee behaviours be evaluated within the scope of compulsory citizenship behaviours?” based on the question, it aims to reveal the reasons for the emergence of compulsory green employee behaviours from a conceptual and theoretical point of view by supporting them with the studies in the literature. For this purpose, the conceptual and theoretical background of green employee behaviour and compulsory green employee behaviour and the reasons for its emergence were examined in this study. As a result of the literature review and theoretical associations, it has been seen that compulsory green employee behaviours exhibited outside of official role definitions can be evaluated within the framework of compulsory citizenship behaviour. In this direction, future studies in this field, steps to be taken in the national and international arena, and measures to be taken are very important in creating a more environmentally conscious and conscious society.
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Dahl, Freja Melgaard, Heidi Holm Hanse, Line Damkjær Vorup, Line Østergaard Jensen, Petricia Strømfeldt Spyridopoulos, Trine Hammer Jensen, Cino Pertoldi, Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup, and Sussie Pagh. "Effect of enrichments on behavioural reaction norms of two captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Aalborg Zoo, Denmark." GABJ 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v4i2.98.
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Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are susceptible to stereotypical behaviour in captivity. Studies have found that different enrichment strategies can help activate the bears, thereby changing their behaviour and decrease stereotypies. When observing polar bears, it is apparent that individuals exhibit behaviours with different frequencies, which makes it relevant to examine if the animals have different behavioural reaction norms. This study aims to investigate the behaviour of two polar bears in Aalborg Zoo and how enrichments changes their behaviour. Furthermore, it investigates if the polar bears differ in behavioural patterns, reflecting differences in behavioural reaction norms. Although no significant differences were found, the results suggest an association between enrichments and decreased stereotypical behaviour for one bear while there was no detectable change in stereotypical behaviour for the other bear. The different reaction patterns for the two bears, may be due to different behavioural reaction norms e.g. individual differences in neophobia and exploratory behavior. In future studies presentation of the enrichment objects before the test days, may yield more heterogeneous results easier to interpret.
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Mrs. S. Sailaja. "Effect of Online Advertising on Consumer Buying Behavior." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 03 (March 18, 2024): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0058.
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The present research report is focused on measuring the impact of online advertising on consumer buying behavior, which increases the consumers' intentions towards the product and buying behaviours. The purchasing behaviour is strongly influenced by the icon of the product which is made by the promoters. The primary data are collected through questionnaires and secondary data were collected through internet. To study the buying behaviour of consumers a sample of 50 respondents was taken, out of which The sampling method we use is random sampling method. The written report that online advertisement has always a great impact on the buying trends or purchasing behaviour of the consumers. At the same period ROI of the produce and best are also acknowledged with their significant impact on buying behaviour of consumers. Likewise, to some extent the online celebrity endorsement also substances in the purchasing behaviour. Thus, the study concludes that the helpful to know buying behaviour of the purchaser based on the online advertisement, which improves the reliability of consumers towards brand and online advertising modes which helps in progressing of the products.
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Garcia-Marques, Leonel, and Mário B. Ferreira. "Is Observing Behaviour the Best Way to Understand Behaviour?" Social Psychological Bulletin 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): e26076. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/spb.v13i2.26076.
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Dolinski (2018, this issue) argues that Social Psychology may hardly be considered a science of behaviour anymore, given the rarity of published studies in which the dependent measures involve behaviours other than the completion of surveys, pressing of keys on a computer keyboard, or clicking a mouse. In the present, we comment on this void of empirical studies in which “real” human behaviours are examined to put forward the following points: i) Key-pressing can be a human behaviour as meaningful as any other more complex behaviour (i.e., behavioural complexity is not a good criterion for meaningfulness), ii) Lessons learned from past research in social psychology have shown us that studying “real” behaviour introduces a number of well-known complications, iii) Improvement in the comprehension of human behaviour depends more on a strong theoretical lens constrained by results obtained via rigorous experimentation than on the complexity of people’s observed actions.
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Bakhshi, Vahid, Kayvan Aghabayk, Nasser Parishad, and Nirajan Shiwakoti. "Evaluating Rainy Weather Effects on Driving Behaviour Dimensions of Driving Behaviour Questionnaire." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6000715.
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This study aims to develop a modified version of the existing driving behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) by including items related to driving behaviour under rainy conditions to evaluate driving behaviour changes and their implications. A survey of 680 drivers in Iran was conducted with the modified DBQ considering rainy conditions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis concluded a four-factor solution (high velocity with a law violation, slips, positive and cautious behaviours, and aggressive driving behaviours) with a 52% explanation of variance. One of the most affected driving behaviours during rainfall is the tendency of high velocity with law violation behaviours. Compared to male drivers, female drivers showed lower high-velocity behaviours with law violation when driving in dry weather and in rainy weather. Married drivers have not only less tendency to drive fast or violate the law compared to single drivers but are also less susceptible to these actions during rain. It was observed that young drivers under 25 did not change their aggressive driving behaviours in rainy conditions. The results from this study are valuable resources to help transportation agencies to understand drivers’ likely behaviour in rainy conditions and develop appropriate countermeasures to minimize the risky behaviours. Also, since aggressive driving, high acceleration, and speed variance have been reported to result in high fuel consumption and emissions, the findings from this study are valuable resources to understand the relationship between weather, driver behaviour, and emissions in future studies.
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Venkatesh, Nandini, and Sumit Kumar. "Risky driving behaviour among the motorized two-wheeler novice riders in Davanagere city, Karnataka- Cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i01.027.
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Introduction-Road traffic accidents (RTA) account for more significant mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, resulting in considerable global burden. In Indi, motor vehicle accidents are one of the common reasons for mortality among young riders. The present study provides insight into different aspects of risky driving behavior from individual attitudes, and psychological factors like anger, mood, and emotions. Methodology- A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students; findings from this study say young males are more involved in risky driving behavior. Results- Number of males are involved in risky driving behaviour and mobile phone usage while riding is more significant the results focus on the role that risky driving behaviour plays in two-wheeler motor vehicle accidents and suggests the need for further research in this area of risky driving behaviour to improve road safety education and law enforcement policies that focus upon ensuring good driving behaviours.
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Skinner, S. Rachel, Jennifer Marino, Susan L. Rosenthal, Jeffrey Cannon, Dorota A. Doherty, and Martha Hickey. "Prospective cohort study of childhood behaviour problems and adolescent sexual risk-taking: gender matters." Sexual Health 14, no. 6 (2017): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16240.
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Background Externalising (delinquent, aggressive) and internalising (anxious/depressed, withdrawn) behaviour problems are prevalent in childhood. Few studies have prospectively measured relationships between childhood behaviour problems and adolescent health risk behaviour, a major predictor of morbidity and mortality. This study sought to determine relationships, by gender, between childhood behaviour problems and adolescent risky sexual behaviours and substance use. Methods: In a population-based birth cohort [The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study], total, externalising and internalising behaviour problems (domain-specific T ≥ 60) were calculated from parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist at ages 2, 5, 8, 10 and 14 years. At age 17 years, 1200 (49% male) participants reported sexual and substance use activity Results: For both genders, those with earlier externalising behaviour problems were more likely to be sexually active (oral sex or sexual intercourse) by age 17 years. Males with childhood externalising behaviour problems were more likely to have multiple sexual partners by age 17 years than those without such problems [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–5.86]. Females with childhood externalising behaviour problems were more likely to have had unwanted sex (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.04–3.53). Externalising behaviour problems were associated with substance use for both genders. No association was found between internalising behaviour problems and risky behaviour. Conclusions: Externalising behaviour problems from as early as 5 years old in boys and 8 years old in girls predict a range of risky sexual behaviour in adolescence, which has important implications for targeting interventions in adolescence.
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Waller, Rebecca, Christopher J. Trentacosta, Daniel S. Shaw, Jenae M. Neiderhiser, Jody M. Ganiban, David Reiss, Leslie D. Leve, and Luke W. Hyde. "Heritable temperament pathways to early callous–unemotional behaviour." British Journal of Psychiatry 209, no. 6 (December 2016): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.181503.
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BackgroundEarly callous–unemotional behaviours identify children at risk for antisocial behaviour. Recent work suggests that the high heritability of callous–unemotional behaviours is qualified by interactions with positive parenting.AimsTo examine whether heritable temperament dimensions of fearlessness and low affiliative behaviour are associated with early callous–unemotional behaviours and whether parenting moderates these associations.MethodUsing an adoption sample (n=561), we examined pathways from biological mother self-reported fearlessness and affiliative behaviour to child callous–unemotional behaviours via observed child fearlessness and affiliative behaviour, and whether adoptive parent observed positive parenting moderated pathways.ResultsBiological mother fearlessness predicted child callous–unemotional behaviours via earlier child fearlessness. Biological mother low affiliative behaviour predicted child callous–unemotional behaviours, although not via child affiliative behaviours. Adoptive mother positive parenting moderated the fearlessness to callous–unemotional behaviour pathway.ConclusionsHeritable fearlessness and low interpersonal affiliation traits contribute to the development of callous–unemotional behaviours. Positive parenting can buffer these risky pathways.
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McNamara, E., and M. Jolly. "Are Disruptive Behaviours Reduced When Levels of On-task Behaviours Increase? An Across Settings Study of a Class of 12- and 13-Year-Old Pupils—II." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 18, no. 4 (October 1990): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014134730001034x.
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In recent years an impressive body of research has accumulated indicating that behavioural management strategies can promote the levels of on-task behaviour of classes of disruptive secondary school pupils. These successes have led to the explicit, self-evident claim that levels of off-task behaviour have concomitantly been reduced—and the implicit claim that levels of disruptive behaviour have also been reduced: for disruptive behaviour constitutes a subset of off-task behaviour. However the promotion of on-task behaviour with a corresponding reduction in off-task behaviour is a necessary but not sufficient outcome to claim that disruptive behaviour has diminished. It may be the case that innocuous off-task behaviours have been reduced but disruptive off-task behaviours remain. From a further data analysis of a previous study (McNamara and Jolly, 1990) it is claimed that when disruptive classroom behaviour is dealt with by the promotion of on-task behaviours the total amount of all types of off-task behaviours, from innocuous to grossly disruptive, is reduced. Analysis of data for individual pupils reveals that the whole class aggregated data conceal considerable inter-pupil variability for low incidence off-task behaviours.
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Camacho, Regina, Angelika Anderson, Dennis W. Moore, and Brett Furlonger. "Conducting a Function-Based Intervention in a School Setting to Reduce Inappropriate Behaviour of a Child With Autism." Behaviour Change 31, no. 1 (February 27, 2014): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2013.33.
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Although function-based interventions have been shown to be effective, the methods utilised to carry out functional behaviour assessments (FBA) have practical limitations. This study explored the relative utility and feasibility of three FBA methods in a school setting to inform a function-based intervention to reduce problem behaviour in a boy with autism. The study consisted of (1) indirect and direct assessments, (2) a modified functional analysis, and (3) the intervention. New video technology, Behavior Capture, was trialled to facilitate data collection in the classroom. All methods contributed to identifying the function of the problematic behaviour, though only the functional analysis provided conclusive results. A peer-mediated intervention based on these findings conducted in the school playground reduced the problem behaviours. All FBA methods could be applied in the school setting and provided useful information. Novel technology was helpful in facilitating data collection. A naturalistic intervention was successful in reducing problem behaviours and increasing play skills.
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Shi, Jing, Dandan Peng, and Yao Xiao. "Exploration of Contributing Factors of Different Distracted Driving Behaviors." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 31, no. 6 (December 16, 2019): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v31i6.2962.
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The motivation of this research is to explore the contributing factors of driving distraction and compare the contributing factors for three typical distracted driving behaviours: drinking water, answering a phone and using mobile phone application (APP) while driving. An online survey including a driving behaviour scale and the Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire (TPB Questionnaire) was conducted to obtain data related to these driving distractions. An integral structural equation model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was established to explain the factors causing three typical distracted behaviours, and the causes of differences for three typical distracted behaviours were compared. The result shows that the attitudes and perceived behaviour control are the main factors causing distracted behaviours, and the subjective norm has a significant impact on answering a phone while driving. The occurrence of a distracted driving behaviour is the consequence of behaviour intention and perceived behaviour control. These conclusions provide insights for implementing behaviour modification and traffic laws education.
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Meyer, Johanna M., Alex Kirk, Joanna J. Arch, Peter J. Kelly, and Brett J. Deacon. "Beliefs about safety behaviours in the prediction of safety behaviour use." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 47, no. 6 (April 12, 2019): 631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465819000298.
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AbstractBackground: Safety behaviours are ubiquitous across anxiety disorders and are associated with the aetiology, maintenance and exacerbation of anxiety. Cognitive behavioural models posit that beliefs about safety behaviours directly influence their use. Therefore, beliefs about safety behaviours may be an important component in decreasing safety behaviour use. Unfortunately, little empirical research has evaluated this theorized relationship.Aims: The present study aimed to examine the predictive relationship between beliefs about safety behaviours and safety behaviour use while controlling for anxiety severity.Method: Adults with clinically elevated levels of social anxiety (n = 145) and anxiety sensitivity (n = 109) completed an online survey that included established measures of safety behaviour use, quality of life, and anxiety severity. Participants also completed the Safety Behaviour Scale (SBS), a measure created for the current study which includes a transdiagnostic checklist of safety behaviours, as well as questions related to safety behaviour use and beliefs about safety behaviours.Results: Within both the social anxiety and anxiety sensitivity groups, positive beliefs about safety behaviours predicted greater safety behaviour use, even when controlling for anxiety severity. Certain beliefs were particularly relevant in predicting safety behaviour use within each of the clinical analogue groups.Conclusions: Findings suggest that efforts to decrease safety behaviour use during anxiety treatment may benefit from identifying and modifying positive beliefs about safety behaviours.
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Costa de Campos, Carlos Eduardo, and Fillipe Pedroso-Santos. "ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOUR EMPLOYED BY Rhinella castaneotica (Bufonidae) DURING CLIMBING BEHAVIOUR." Revista Latinoamericana de Herpetología 5, no. 3 (August 11, 2022): 09–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fc.25942158e.2022.3.482.
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Anurans show several antipredator behaviours. Body raising is characterized by inflation of the lungs. We describe the body raising behaviour of Rhinella castaneotica during climbing behaviour from Amazonian rainforest in the state of Amapá, northern Brazil. Climbing behaviour is a common ability in dendrobatids and bufonids, but the body raising is not recognized to occur in synergy in R. castaneotica. We hope that our observations contribute with the current knowledge of antipredator behaviour associated with climbing behaviour in anurans
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Akmalevna, Narzullayeva Fariza. "PEOPLE BEHAVIOUR IN SOCIATY." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 09 (September 1, 2022): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-09-16.
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In this article the author explains the concept of role behavior and various changes in characters of people when they are under the public eyes. Examples of scientific research aimed at elucidating the links between factors such as weather conditions and human behavior.
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Stávková, J., L. Stejskal, and Z. Toufarová. "Factors influencing consumer behaviour." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 6 (June 24, 2008): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/283-agricecon.
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The main aim of the article is to understand the influence of factors biasing purchase decisions connected with measurement of consumers’ involvement. Consumption expenditures are purposefully subdivided according to the classification made by the Statistical Office of the European Communities. The performed survey showed that the most important factors biasing purchases of all commodity groups are products’ characteristics and the perceived quality. Together with these goes the factor price, nevertheless for example for the commodity group health price did not appear in the scale of the perceived importance at all. Factor necessity of need proved to be significant for decision making about the purchase of all commodities with the exception of alcoholic drinks and tobacco and recreation. Former experience compared to that is not crucial for clothing and footwear and housing equipment and contents. For alcoholic drinks and tobacco, there has notably approved also the factor brand. These analyses enable disclosure of rules of consumer decision making and thereby definition which factors for individual commodities should be targeted by the help of the marketing doyens or where the gradual changes should be achieved.
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Srivatchan K A, Karthik, and Dr V. Dhayalan. "E-Grocery Buying Behaviour." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 6 (June 2024): 3610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0624.1619.
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Inchley-Mort, Sophie, Khadija Rantell, Charlotte Wahlich, and Angela Hassiotis. "Complex Behaviour Service: enhanced model for challenging behaviour." Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities 8, no. 4 (July 2, 2014): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/amhid-08-2013-0056.
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Purpose – Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) is thought to be an important model for working with people with intellectual disabilities who display behaviours challenging to service. The purpose of this paper is to explore clinical and service user outcomes associated with the delivery of PBS by a Complex Behaviour Service (CBS). Design/methodology/approach – Clinical outcomes of 24 service users treated by the CBS team were assessed at baseline, six and 12 months and compared with those of 22 peers who received usual care. The main outcome was reduction in challenging behaviour measured by the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC). Secondary outcomes included measures of mental health needs, risk and social care supports. Findings – At six months improvements were seen across all ABC domains in both groups, with greater improvement in the CBS group, compared to usual care in irritability and stereotypy. Between group differences were maintained only for stereotypy at 12 months. No other differences were found. Originality/value – This paper suggests that PBS delivered by trained and dedicated staff may provide clinical benefits to individuals with challenging behaviours. However, there are issues around integration into existing services that need to be addressed in order to maximise efficiency.
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Doel, Mark. "Difficult behaviour in groups." Groupwork 14, no. 1 (January 10, 2013): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v14i1.559.
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This article is based on work with 24 groupworkers in a Children’s Services agency in the English Midlands. Focus groups to consider the training priorities for groupworkers revealed one of the most pressing issues was difficult behaviours in groups. (This was initially referred to as challenging behaviour, but it was recognised that the word is ambiguous, so it was replaced by ‘difficult’). The groupworkers were asked to present an example of difficult behaviour, some of which are reproduced here, as part of a process to understand the meaning of difficult behaviour and to add context. Nine themes arose from the work with the Children’s Services groupworkers, and the article explores each theme and its implications for groupwork practice. The article relates the topic of difficult behaviour to the wider literature and suggests that the key to understanding and working with these behaviours in groups is the ability of the groupworker to unlock the meaning of the behaviour, and to find a way to articulate this alongside group members. Groupworkers’ honesty with themselves about the feelings aroused by difficult behaviours emerges as a significant factor.
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Clay, Liam, Mandy B. A. Paterson, Pauleen Bennett, Gaille Perry, and Clive C. J. Phillips. "Do Behaviour Assessments in a Shelter Predict the Behaviour of Dogs Post-Adoption?" Animals 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2020): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071225.
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In shelters it is usual to conduct standardised behaviour assessments on admitted dogs. The information gathered from the assessment is used to identify dogs that are suitable for adoption and assist in matching the dog with suitable adopters. These assessments are also used to guide behaviour modification programs for dogs that display some unwanted behaviours. For some dogs, the results may indicate that they are unsuitable either for re-training or for adoption. In these circumstances the dogs may be euthanised. We investigated the predictive value of a standardised behaviour assessment protocol currently used in an Australian shelter for dog behaviour post-adoption. A total of 123 dogs, aged 1–10 years and housed in an animal care shelter, were assessed before they were adopted. The new owners of the dogs took part in a post-adoption survey conducted 1 month after adoption, which explored the behaviour of their dog after adoption. Ordinal regression analyses identified that friendly/social, fear and anxiousness identified in the shelter assessment significantly predicted corresponding behaviours post-adoption. However, behaviour problems, such as aggression, food guarding and separation-related behaviours, were not reliably predicted by the standardised behaviour assessment. The results suggest that further research is required to improve the predictability of behaviour assessment protocols for more specific behaviour problems, including different categories of aggression and separation-related problems. We recommend that dog behaviour assessments in shelters are used only in conjunction with other monitoring tools to assess behaviour over the whole shelter stay, thus facilitating increased safety/welfare standards for dogs, shelters and the wider community.
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Ismail Loona, Mamoona. "Assessment of Disruptive Behaviour Disorder, Academic Performance, and School Social Behaviour of Children." Foundation University Journal of Psychology 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 24–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33897/fujp3.12.
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Vetta, Atam, and Daniel Courgeau. "Demographic Behaviour and Behaviour Genetics." Population (English Edition, 2002-) 58, no. 4/5 (July 2003): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246650.
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Vetta, Atam, and Daniel Courgeau. "Demographic Behaviour and Behaviour Genetics." Population (english edition) 58, no. 4 (2003): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pope.304.0401.
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Rose, John, Lisa Nelson, and Rebecca Hardiman. "The Relationship Between Challenging Behaviour, Cognitions and Stress in Mothers of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, no. 6 (June 22, 2016): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465816000242.
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Background: Cognitions are starting to receive more prominence as important when examining a number of factors including the topography of challenging behaviour. This study examined the relationships between maternal stress, challenging behaviour (aggressive and self-injurious behaviours) and parental cognitions and specifically whether maternal cognitions mediated the effect of challenging behaviour on parenting stress. Method: 46 mothers of children and young adults with ID completed questionnaires regarding their child's challenging behaviour, maternal cognitions and stress. Results: Significant correlations were found between challenging behaviour and maternal stress. The overall mediation models for aggression and self-injurious behaviour were significant. The Challenging Behaviour Perception Questionnaire: Consequences client subscale was the only independent significant mediator for both behaviours. Conclusions: Cognitions do play an important part in mediating the relationship between challenging behaviour and stress. Further research is needed to examine the similarities and differences between the mediation models for aggression and self-injurious behaviour.
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St John, Freya A. V., Aidan M. Keane, Gareth Edwards-Jones, Lauren Jones, Richard W. Yarnell, and Julia P. G. Jones. "Identifying indicators of illegal behaviour: carnivore killing in human-managed landscapes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1729 (July 27, 2011): 804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1228.
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Managing natural resources often depends on influencing people's behaviour, however effectively targeting interventions to discourage environmentally harmful behaviours is challenging because those involved may be unwilling to identify themselves. Non-sensitive indicators of sensitive behaviours are therefore needed. Previous studies have investigated people's attitudes, assuming attitudes reflect behaviour. There has also been interest in using people's estimates of the proportion of their peers involved in sensitive behaviours to identify those involved, since people tend to assume that others behave like themselves. However, there has been little attempt to test the potential of such indicators. We use the randomized response technique (RRT), designed for investigating sensitive behaviours, to estimate the proportion of farmers in north-eastern South Africa killing carnivores, and use a modified logistic regression model to explore relationships between our best estimates of true behaviour (from RRT) and our proposed non-sensitive indicators (including farmers' attitudes, and estimates of peer-behaviour). Farmers' attitudes towards carnivores, question sensitivity and estimates of peers' behaviour, predict the likelihood of farmers killing carnivores. Attitude and estimates of peer-behaviour are useful indicators of involvement in illicit behaviours and may be used to identify groups of people to engage in interventions aimed at changing behaviour.
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Cradock, Kevin A., Leo R. Quinlan, Francis M. Finucane, Heather L. Gainforth, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis, Elizabeth B. N. Sanders, and Gearóid ÓLaighin. "Design of a Planner-Based Intervention to Facilitate Diet Behaviour Change in Type 2 Diabetes." Sensors 22, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072795.
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Diet behaviour is influenced by the interplay of the physical and social environment as well as macro-level and individual factors. In this study, we focus on diet behaviour at an individual level and describe the design of a behaviour change artefact to support diet behaviour change in persons with type 2 diabetes. This artefact was designed using a human-centred design methodology and the Behaviour Change Wheel framework. The designed artefact sought to support diet behaviour change through the addition of healthy foods and the reduction or removal of unhealthy foods over a 12-week period. These targeted behaviours were supported by the enabling behaviours of water consumption and mindfulness practice. The artefact created was a behaviour change planner in calendar format, that incorporated behaviour change techniques and which focused on changing diet behaviour gradually over the 12-week period. The behaviour change planner forms part of a behaviour change intervention which also includes a preparatory workbook exercise and one-to-one action planning sessions and can be customised for each participant.
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Aloufi, Abdullah Saleh. "Undesirable Customer Behaviours in Banking and De-escalation Techniques." Global Journal of Economic and Business 14, no. 3 (June 2024): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/gjeb2024.14.3.7.
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Objectives: The study has three objectives; to identify the types of undesirable behaviour, determine categories of undesirable customer behaviour, and reveal the way of dealing employees with undesirable customer behaviour. Methods: The critical incident technique was utilized in analysing interviews with frontline banking employees and managers in Saudi Arabia. Thematic analysis was chosen to analyse the data. Results: It shows that some customers abuse employees verbally, speak loudly, show contempt, post their frustrations on social media, take photos or videos of employees, and try to harm employees by raising false complaints. The types of undesirable customer behaviour can be divided into three categories, namely, behaviours that harm the employees, behaviours that waste employees' time, and behaviours that frustrate both the employees and the other customers. Conclusion: The study concluded that the types of undesirable customer behaviour are different from one sector to another, and it may not occur in another sector besides the banking sector, and the diversity of undesirable customer behaviours creates a barrier to developing a tactic for each behaviour, and the undesirable customer behaviour can be grouped into three categories according to its impact.
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Mishkulynets, Olena O., Nadiya Y. Bryzhak, and Kateryna O. Doktor. "INFLUENCE OF NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN ON EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University: Psychology Series 1 (January 28, 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2415-7384-2021-12-51-56.
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Today, the number of children whose behavior is contrary to social, moral, and legal norms in society is increasing. The article consideredthat understanding the mechanisms of formation of behavioural disorders will contribute to the introduction on this basis of the preventive component in the pedagogical process at all levels of education. Particular attention is paid to the problem of negative behaviour among younger pupils, because the main stereotypes of behaviour are laid down at this age. It has been shown that the problem faced by primary school teachers is the formation of certain behaviours in children to improve the performance of pupils who lag behind in learning. The question of the relationship between the behaviour and success of junior high school pupils in learning is especially relevant. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the features of negative behaviour and its impact on the educational activities of primary school children. To test the methodological effectiveness, it had been studied and analysedseveral scientific papers on specific issues. Methods of research used: theoretical: analysis of scientific literature, generalization, classification (for clarification of key concepts of research), systematisation, grouping (for conceptualisation of the main provisions of the study). The results of the study substantiate and specify the factors on which the manifestations of behavioural disorders depend, analyse the psychological characteristics of children of this age, clarify the pedagogical conditions by which to ensure the preventive nature of raising children with negative behaviours; the theoretical bases of the process to prevent negative manifestations of behaviour in junior schoolchildren are revealed. The factors of negative behaviourhave been singled out. It has been noted that negative behaviour influences the educational activity of students. It has been established that the problem of negative behaviour should be considered in the plane of personal development of the child and the formation of her social behaviour. It has been noted that the understanding of behavioural mechanisms in children helps not only to identify the causes of deviations in behaviour, but also to find means of influence, to determine the main directions of psychological and pedagogical correction in behaviour. Attention is drawn to the need for preventive work and pedagogical correction in the behaviour of the emerging personality at all levels of education. It is stated that negative behaviour leads to the formation of persistent behavioural disorders that prevent the pupil’s success in learning as a necessary condition for the development of the child’s personality. Further prospects of the study include the study of the peculiarities of the manifestation and conditions of negative behaviour of primary school agechildren.
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Koay, Kheng Lee, Matt Webster, Clare Dixon, Paul Gainer, Dag Syrdal, Michael Fisher, and Kerstin Dautenhahn. "Use and usability of software verification methods to detect behaviour interference when teaching an assistive home companion robot: A proof-of-concept study." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 402–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2021-0028.
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Abstract When studying the use of assistive robots in home environments, and especially how such robots can be personalised to meet the needs of the resident, key concerns are issues related to behaviour verification, behaviour interference and safety. Here, personalisation refers to the teaching of new robot behaviours by both technical and non-technical end users. In this article, we consider the issue of behaviour interference caused by situations where newly taught robot behaviours may affect or be affected by existing behaviours and thus, those behaviours will not or might not ever be executed. We focus in particular on how such situations can be detected and presented to the user. We describe the human–robot behaviour teaching system that we developed as well as the formal behaviour checking methods used. The online use of behaviour checking is demonstrated, based on static analysis of behaviours during the operation of the robot, and evaluated in a user study. We conducted a proof-of-concept human–robot interaction study with an autonomous, multi-purpose robot operating within a smart home environment. Twenty participants individually taught the robot behaviours according to instructions they were given, some of which caused interference with other behaviours. A mechanism for detecting behaviour interference provided feedback to participants and suggestions on how to resolve those conflicts. We assessed the participants’ views on detected interference as reported by the behaviour teaching system. Results indicate that interference warnings given to participants during teaching provoked an understanding of the issue. We did not find a significant influence of participants’ technical background. These results highlight a promising path towards verification and validation of assistive home companion robots that allow end-user personalisation.
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Penner, Melanie, Annie Dupuis, Paul Arnold, Muhammad Ayub, Jennifer Crosbie, Stelios Georgiades, Elizabeth Kelley, Robert Nicolson, Russell Schachar, and Evdokia Anagnostou. "Pubertal stage, sex and behaviour in neurodevelopmental disorders versus typical development: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Paediatrics Open 6, no. 1 (August 2022): e001469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001469.
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ObjectiveTo determine the association between pubertal stage, sex and behavioural profile across and within neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compared with typically developing (TD) youth.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders network, including children/youth with various NDDs and TD controls. Caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Participants were grouped into three puberty stages: prepuberty (Tanner stage 1), early puberty (Tanner stages 2–3) and late puberty (Tanner stages 4–5). The association between pubertal stage and CBCL scores was assessed controlling for sex and diagnosis.ResultsThe analysis included 1043 participants (male=733; 70.3%). A three-way interaction between pubertal status, sex and diagnosis was not significant for internalising or externalising behaviour. Diagnosis was significantly associated with CBCL scores for both internalising (p<0.0001) and externalising (p<0.0001) behaviours, with lower scores for TD children than for NDD groups. Late pubertal females showed higher levels of internalising behaviour compared with prepubertal females (p=0.001); males showed no differences. Early pubertal males showed lower levels of externalising behaviour compared with prepubertal males (p=0.01); early pubertal females trended towards higher levels compared with prepubertal females (p=0.051).ConclusionsInternalising/externalising patterns of behaviours across pubertal stages did not differ based on diagnosis. Pubertal females are at higher risk for internalising behaviours.
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Sanaji, Sanaji, Tanti Handriana, and Indrianawati Usman. "Antecedents and consequences of value co-creation in online shopping." BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) 15, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v15n1.p20-39.
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Customer involvement is necessary for the value co-creation process in online purchases. This study intends to confirm the effect of online shopping experience on customer value co-creation behaviour, represented by participation behaviour and customer citizenship behaviour on repurchase intention and negative electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). An online survey was conducted to collect data from the customers as respondents. This study used Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses. The results show that the data supports four of the seven hypotheses. The online shopping experience positively affects customer participation and citizenship behaviour and then influences repurchase intention, but it does not affect negative eWOM. The results of this study provide an understanding of the importance of a customer experience, customer participation, and customer citizenship behaviours to encourage value co-creation by the customer, which is expected to increase repurchase intention. Previous studies have not linked value co-creation behavior to actual behavioral characteristics. The originality of this study discovers negative eWOM and repurchase factors due to CPB and CCB.
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Waas, Joseph R. "Intraspecific Variation in Social Repertoires: Evidence From Cave- and Burrow-Dwelling Little Blue Penguins." Behaviour 115, no. 1-2 (1990): 63–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00293.
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Abstract1. Breeding habitat variation in little blue penguin agonistic behaviour is correlated with environmental heterogeneity. 2. Cave-dwellers nested in tight colonial aggregations and had no physical barriers between nest sites. Burrow-dwellers nested as solitary pairs or in loose aggregations and were physically isolated from one another. 3. Cave-dwellers had significantly higher agonistic interaction rates than burrow-dwellers. 4. Cave-dwellers used a total of 22 distinct agonistic behaviours with 54 variations. Burrow-dwellers used a total of 13 agonistic behaviours with 29 variations. Variations on base behaviour were primarily the result of differences in vocal accompaniment. 5. Both cave- and burrow-dwellers used growl, low bray, medium bray, full bray, aggressive bark and aggressive yell vocalizations during agonistic behaviour. Only burrow-dwellers used a hiss vocalization. 6. Despite variation between cave- and burrow-dweller repertoires, many agonistic behaviours were very similar in form (posture, duration, movement, presence or absence of vocal components) and/or context (distance from the opponent when performing the behaviour, proportion of interactions involving the behaviour). 7. Repertoires from both habitats could be divided into three discrete categories: defensive behaviour, offensive behaviour, and overt aggression. For each habitat, the defensive behaviour category could be divided into stationary and distance increasing behaviour; the offensive behaviour category could be divided into stationary, distance reducing, and contact behaviour; and the overt aggression category could be divided into distance reducing and contact behaviour. 8. Cave-dwellers used twice as many defensive behaviours, twice as many offensive behaviours, and the same number of overtly aggressive behaviours as burrow-dwellers. 9. In both habitats, defensive behaviour was used most when the opponent was nearby ( < 1 m to 1-2 m), whereas stationary offensive behaviour was performed most when opponents were further away (2-3 m to > 3 m). Distance reducing behaviour (both offensive and overt) was performed most at middle interaction distances (1-2 m to 2-3 m) in both habitats. 10. Males were involved in a higher proportion of agonistic interactions than females in both habitats. 11. Burrow-dwellers used the overt behaviour Attack significantly more than cave-dwellers and also used the most dangerous fighting method more commonly than cave-dwellers. Burrow-dwellers also bit and fought significantly longer than cave-dwellers. 12. An egg transfer experiment (i.e. between cave and burrow colonies) indicated that chicks may not be genetically bound to the use of a habitat-specific repertoire of agonistic behaviours. 13. Four possible mechanisms are suggested for the origin of variation between habitats: (1) genetic influences; (2) phenotypic modulation; (3) experience; and (4) circumstantial influences. 14. Plastic agonistic behaviour may allow immediate and potentially adaptive phenotypic change in response to environmental heterogeneity. The large cave repertoire may reduce the chances of any one interaction ending with overt aggression. The smaller burrow-dweller repertoire may be sufficient to defend the physically enclosed burrow nest sites.
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Bradshaw, John. "Normal feline behaviour: … and why problem behaviours develop." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18771203.
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Practical relevance: Cats are descended from a solitary, territorial ancestor, and while domestication has reduced their inherited tendency to be antagonistic towards all animals larger than their typical prey, they still place more reliance on the security of their territory than on psychological attachments to people or other cats, the exact opposite to dogs. Many feline problem behaviours stem from perceived threats to this security, often due to conflicts with other cats. Others are more developmental in origin, often caused by inadequate exposure to crucial stimuli, especially people, during the socialisation period. Strongly aversive events experienced at any age can also contribute. A third category comprises normal behaviour that owners deem unacceptable, such as scratching of furniture. Evidence base: This review identifies three areas in which basic research is inadequate to support widely employed concepts and practices in feline behavioural medicine. First, classification of cats’ problem behaviours relies heavily on approaches derived from studies of their behavioural ecology and, to some extent, extrapolation from canine studies. Few studies have focused on cats in the home, the environment in which most behavioural disorders are expressed. Secondly, cats’ chemical senses (olfactory and vomeronasal) are far more sensitive than our own, making it difficult for owners or clinicians to fully comprehend the sensory information upon which they base their behaviour. Thirdly, although the concept of psychological distress is widely invoked as an intervening variable in behavioural disorders, there are still no reliable measures of distress for pet cats in the home. Global importance: Psychological distress of some kind is the primary cause of many of the behavioural problems presented to clinicians, but surveys indicate that many more cats display the same clinical signs without their owners ever seeking help. The welfare of this ‘invisible’ group could be improved by veterinarians taking a more proactive approach to educating their clients about the behavioural needs of pet cats.