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Ford, Rebecca. "Reducing domestic energy consumption through behaviour modification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ac11b371-82e3-4091-930c-ff0b28b9704e.
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This thesis presents the development of techniques which enable appliance recognition in an Advanced Electricity Meter (AEM) to aid individuals reduce their domestic electricity consumption. The key aspect is to provide immediate and disaggregated information, down to appliance level, from a single point of measurement. Three sets of features including the short term time domain, time dependent finite state machine behaviour and time of day are identified by monitoring step changes in the power consumption of the home. Associated with each feature set is a membership which depicts the amount to which that feature set is representative of a particular appliance. These memberships are combined in a novel framework to effectively identify individual appliance state changes and hence appliance energy consumption. An innovative mechanism is developed for generating short term time domain memberships. Hierarchical and nearest neighbour clustering is used to train the AEM by generating appliance prototypes which contain an indication of typical parameters. From these prototypes probabilistic fuzzy memberships and possibilistic fuzzy typicalities are calculated for new data points which correspond to appliance state changes. These values are combined in a weighted geometric mean to produce novel memberships which are determined to be appropriate for the domestic model. A voltage independent feature space in the short term time domain is developed based on a model of the appliance’s electrical interface. The components within that interface are calculated and these, along with an indication of the appropriate model, form a novel feature set which is used to represent appliances. The techniques developed are verified with real data and are 99.8% accurate in a laboratory based classification in the short term time domain. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates the ability of the AEM to accurately track the energy consumption of individual appliances.
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Chadwick, Paul D. J. "The measurement and modification of delusional behaviour." Thesis, Bangor University, 1989. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-measurement-and-modification-of-delusional-behaviour(bf0f6c42-2a9f-43f4-9c68-18d67268dacd).html.
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It has been proposed that delusional thinking 'may be on a continuum with, normal behaviour and can be assessed by taking account of, factors such as the client's degree, of belief conviction or the extent of preoccupation with the belief. In the present research a number of -measures were employed to assess theý delusional thinking of people diagnosed as schizophrenic. - Two -interventions were eipployed: (i) a structured verbal challenge, and (ii) a reality test in which the belief was subject to an empirical test. The research offered support for the continuum view of delusional behaviour, and demonstrated that a number of aspects of delusional behaviour, including the degree of conviction with which the belief is held, are open to modification.
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Ho, Wai-chun. "The effects of applied behavior analysis on on-task behaviour and quality of work in a local primary school." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21183697.
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Jonas, Stephan. "Optimum structural modification with respect to dynamic behaviour." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13272.
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Hopkinson, P. "Operant modification of electrodermal responses : An analysis of individual behaviour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233611.
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Yang, Chao. "Solidification behaviour and hipping induced surface modification in Ti4522XD castings." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7614/.
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The solidification behaviour of Ti45Al2Mn2Nb1B (at.%) has been studied together with its response to HIPing (Hot Isostatic Pressing) in order to understand the mechanism of grain refinement in castings and to understand the influence of surface changes occurring during HIPping on the properties of HIPped net shape cast turbine blades. Samples which had been rapidly cooled from near the melting point from a Bridgman furnace, where a thermal gradient was imposed, have been used to understand the grain refinement mechanism and the details of the solidification sequence. In addition the structure of powder samples, which have been gas-atomised and hence very rapidly cooled have also been used to further the understanding of solidification and of the role of borides. It has been shown that borides themselves play an important role in grain refinement. It has been shown that HIPping results in the formation of a surface which is caused by oxidation from the oxygen present in the argon used in the HIP. The details of the chemistry and microstructure of the surface layers have been shown to be influenced by oxygen partial pressure, by HIPping time and HIPping temperature. Conventional HIPping conditions lead to a surface which contains a γ-layer which does not appear to downgrade either the tensile properties or fatigue properties of the samples and may slightly improve the corrosion resistance. Further work is required to produce net shape castings, which have properties comparable with conventionally cast Ti4522XD, but the present work shows that these could then be HIPped without the γ-layer contained surface causing any downgrading in properties.
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Hockley, Frances Anne. "Modification of fish behaviour by parasites under variable flow conditions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69706/.
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Fish populations are increasingly under threat by anthropogenic habitat modification. As demands on rivers have increased through increased human activity, resultant watercourse manipulations have altered the natural flow regime. However, it is unclear how diseased fish react to variable flow conditions in terms of their behaviour and swimming ability. This thesis addresses fundamental questions about the interaction between flow hydraulics and fish behaviour using two popular model systems: Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Firstly it was found that guppies shoaled less when a member was infected with Gyrodactylus turnbulli but the magnitude of this effect was greater in the absence of flow (Chapter 2). Over time, the shoaling behaviour of guppies in the static flow condition reduced as parasite prevalence increased. In the flow condition, however, this effect was not observed, which resulted in higher peak prevalence of the parasite (Chapter 3). Sticklebacks utilised the lower flow velocities near the bed boundary layer to improve anaerobic and aerobic swimming performance but their natural parasite fauna had little effect on their swimming ability (Chapters 4 and 5). Guppies of different size, sex and parasite load utilised different regions around boulders to refuge from undesirable hydraulic conditions (Chapter 6). Finally, the impact of an invasive nematode Anguillicoloides crassus on the swimming behaviour of downstream migrating European eels (Anguilla anguilla) was investigated (Chapter 7). The parasite reduced burst swimming ability of the eels, which may have a knock-on effect for migration. In summary, this thesis demonstrates the importance of flow heterogeneity within a river system to provide shelter for smaller or weaker fish in poor health. River managers need to carefully consider any adaptation of flow regimes to provide appropriate flow conditions for resident species displaying a range of microhabitat requirements.
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Henry, Lynne Marie. "The assessment and modification of verbal behaviour in people with dementia." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-assessment-and-modification-of-verbal-behaviour-in-people-with-dementia(14068c63-f672-4771-8a38-98e423938025).html.
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The number of people surviving into old age, is increasing rapidly, bringing attendant social care problems, such as a rise in the number of people suffering from dementia. It is important that research resources be made available to investigate the causes of dementia and the provision of therapeutic measures. The symptomatic role of language disorders in the dementias of old age has already been well established, and is a primary cause of distress to carers and sufferers alike. Strategies for remediation of such language disorders were investigated. Analysis of verbal behaviour, within Skinner's (1957) framework, was selected as a route for further understanding, description, and therapeutic intervention. The deficits in verbal behaviour found, included the echoic, the textual and the tact, mand compliance, and naming, also understanding and production of prepositional relations, and conditional responding or conditional mand compliance. Performance on matching to sample tasks was also found to be poor. The outcome of reinforcement procedures was moderately successful, but modelling of correct responses was found to reduce frequency of correct non-imitative responses, and was not successful. The application of the textual prompt for naming and mand compliance responding was successful, in that increases in correct textual responses to stimuli were produced. It was not clear, however, whether this success would have resulted in lasting positive behaviour change. Language deficits were discussed in terms of a breakdown in functional relationships between verbal responses and stimuli which under normal circumstances would control them, and in terms of deficits in conditional responding. A number of suggestions were made for the improvement of therapeutic practice in this area, based on the results obtained.
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Viola, Teresa. "Remediating behaviour problems in children with cognitive disabilities." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30229.
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This study examined the efficacy of conjoint behavioural consultation (CBC) in the remediation of behavioural problems in children with cognitive disabilities. Further, this study sought to determine whether parents' knowledge of behavioural principles and behavioural management skills improved as a result of participating in CBC. An A/B design was utilized with 6 children (ages 7--10), their parents and teachers. Children evidenced improvements in their target behaviours from baseline to treatment at home or at school (effect sizes = -2.11 to +1.35). Overall, children evidenced improvements in social skills, problem behaviours, or externalizing behaviours (Reliable Change Indices [RCI] = -0.27 to 3.29). Moreover, knowledge of behavioural principles increased significantly for two parents at posttest when compared to pretest (RCI = 1.25 to 3.47). Also, parents used more praise statements, fewer critical statements, and fewer no-opportunity commands at posttest than at pretest. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings, limitations of this study, and future research directions are discussed.
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Viola, Teresa. "Remediating behaviour problems in children with developmental disabilities." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102228.
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The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a highly individualized conjoint behavioural consultation model with group videotape therapy as a means of decreasing externalizing behaviour problems of children with developmental disabilities. The effects of the intervention were examined via changes in children's target behaviors throughout the course of the intervention, along with pre-intervention and postintervention changes of problem behaviors on standardized measures, and during parentchild play observations. Parent outcome was evaluated by changes in parental knowledge of behavioural principles, changes in parental management skills, and parental discipline approaches. Finally, parental acceptability of the intervention was examined as well as the relationship between intervention acceptability and outcome. A multiple baseline research design was used with 22 children, their parents, and teachers. Results indicated that children's target behaviors improved from baseline to intervention. Moreover, parental knowledge of behavioral principles, parental discipline strategies, and behavioral management skills improved from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Further, high acceptability ratings were reported by parents at post-intervention. Finally, a positive relationship was found between intervention effectiveness and acceptability. Results are discussed in light of their implications and contributions to the literature in school psychology.
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Nkosi, Sithuthukile Sibusisiwe. "The impact of diversion programmes on behaviour modification to divertees in uMhlathuze – RichardsBay." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1224.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree Master of Social Work in the Faculty of Arts in the Department of Social Work at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2012.The introduction of diversion programmes in South Africa to assist with the tension of a strenuous criminal justice system has assisted beneficiaries of the programme in finding rehabilitation. Although the beliefs of communities and individuals differ as to the intent of the programme, while, others still feel the need for retribution. The impact of diversion programmes thus, cannot be ignored as only 25 per cent of youth having completed the programme will re-offend. There are currently no systems in place in South Africa that could assist in the identification of repeated offenders (needing to be formally classified as recidivists). The degree of repetition in delivering services to the same individuals can, therefore, not be established, thus, leaving a gap in the effectiveness of crime prevention and management strategies. The aim of this study was to establish the impact (effectiveness) of diversion programmes on behaviour modification to divertees, with the purpose of formulating the perceptions of juvenile youth (young offenders) about diversion programmes. The literature explored by the researcher reflects the creation of the Child Justice Court and its mandate, arguments arising from the creation and implementation of juvenile rehabilitation, the purposes of the implementation of diversion, behaviour modification of young offenders in the diversion programme, changes attributing to offender rehabilitation, support for juvenile rehabilitation and recidivism as a hindrance to behaviour change. The findings of the study revealed that from the youth who were referred for diversion, at the end of the programme they had been instilled some aspect of change in their live, attitudes and behaviour. The programme has made them active members in decision-taking roles in their lives and no longer relinquish such powers to their peers, leaving them vulnerable to peer pressure, therefore, making the cycle of offending never ending.
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Ma, Siu-wai Kitty. "Increasing on-task behaviour in preschool children in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1881136X.
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Winter, Alice. "The behaviour and modification of inherent behaviour patterns of dairy cows under frequent and automatic milking management systems." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357997.
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McQuire, N. L. "An investigation into the additive effects of two behavioural techniques in the modification of tobacco-smoking behaviour." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375354.
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Ho, Wai-chun, and 何惠珍. "The effects of applied behavior analysis on on-task behaviour and quality of work in a local primary school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196090X.
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Murray, Susan. "The role of mood in long-term weight maintenance and behaviour change." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230024.
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This thesis explores the role of mood in adherence to changes in behaviour required for weight maintenance following weight loss in an obese sample. Significant increases in physical activity are necessary for successful weight maintenance, yet this change in lifestyle remains challenging for many. Anecdotally, the importance of being in the 'right mood' to make lifestyle changes is frequently reported. A systematic review of the weight maintenance literature revealed that a number of behaviour change techniques were associated with effective weight maintenance interventions. Therefore, the current randomised control study employed relevant behaviour change techniques within two goal setting interventions to improve either daily steps walked or mood compared to a control group in a weight loss programme cohort. The number of daily steps walked and mood were evaluated and the following questions were addressed: 1) In an obese population enrolled in a weight loss programme, do goal-setting interventions increase the number of steps walked compared to those in a control group? 2) Does the mood score differ for those participants in the mood improvement intervention group compared to those in the steps-walked intervention or control groups? 3) Does weight change differ for those individuals who have shown mood improvement compared to those whose mood is unchanged/worsened? The primary outcomes of steps walked, mood and weight were recorded immediately after intervention and again after unsupervised follow up 6-months later. The results showed that all groups increased the number of steps walked but not significantly so. This increase was greatest for the steps-walked group during the active intervention period but greatest for the mood intervention group during the unsupervised follow-up period. Mood improved significantly for all groups and was associated with significantly increased weight loss at follow-up. A trend for increased steps walked being associated with improved mood was observed in the 6-month follow up period. These findings highlight the links between mood and continued participation in lifestyle behaviour changes required for weight maintenance. Future research priorities are outlined for this field.
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Firth, Richard Gordon. "The modification and behaviour of a prototype gene therapy vector in human cells." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509781.
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Sambell, Alistair John. "Modification of Schottky barriers on GaAs and other III-V semiconductors using a-Si:H interfacial layers." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280533.
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Chen, Weijie. "Microstructure modification and mechanical behaviour of an investment cast near ã-TiAl intermetallic alloy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/NQ57605.pdf.
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Oliveira, Luis C. R. "Designing and evaluating a behaviour change intervention that introduces modification of time perceptions as a solution to promote sustainable behaviours." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14482.
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This research presents the design and evaluation of an intervention that introduces modification of time perceptions as one of the solutions to promote sustainable behaviours. It is demonstrated in this thesis that unnecessary energy use is often caused by temporal tensions, defined as the relation between actions to be performed and available time. This research proposes that it is possible to deliberately reduce temporal tensions, and this can motivate people to behave more sustainably. Persuasive technology and human-computer interaction provided the tools needed to manipulate time perceptions and therefore bring about changes in the specific behaviours that result in unnecessary energy usage. Previous studies indicate that behaviours play an important role in energy consumption. From the different domains of energy use that could be examined, cooking was chosen to be the platform where the studies on behaviour change and energy use would take place. How behaviours influence energy use motivated the design of empirical studies to understand behaviours related to domestic energy use and identify what are the determinants of these behaviours. Each determinant was related to a strategy to be included on a behaviour change intervention. A wider survey was developed to understand students acceptance of a set of proposed energy saving techniques, and resulted in a vast volume of information about user preferences and intentions to perform the suggested energy saving behaviours for cooking. It emerged that participants rushed into the cooking tasks without much deliberation, consequently not following preparation procedures and thus using more energy. Information gathered during the first studies also showed that participants behaviours were partially motivated by the need to speed up the cooking process in order to reduce boredom when they were waiting for the food to cook, consequently resulting in extra energy usage. The knowledge gathered from the preceding steps and a literature review informed the design of strategies to modify the non-sustainable behaviours and promote energy saving. A user-centred design process involving an idea generation session and scenario analysis was used to provide a set of strategies to be embedded in an intervention, containing the specific methods to tackle the correspondent determinants of behaviours. The specific needs of the cooking activity indicated that an electronic intervention was an adequate platform to be implemented and tested. Two high resolution working prototypes of the electronic interventions were developed as mobile phone applications. The final study comprised the evaluation of the proposed interventions in improving aspects of the cooking activity, the acceptance of the interventions and effectiveness in promoting energy saving.
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Tobin, Vannessa J. "Facilitating exercise behaviour change a self-determination theory and motivational interviewing perspective /." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wales, Bangor, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-222). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Taylor, C. A. "Investigating fidelity of health behaviour change interventions in general practice." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/961d5cd9-b24d-4b0b-8be5-2010a539b7ab/1.
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The aims of this thesis are to investigate the factors influencing treatment fidelity of health behaviour change (HBC) interventions. The thesis will focus on HBC interventions delivered by practice nurses (PNs) and health care assistants (HCAs) to patients within general practice, although the findings will be explored within the context of the wider treatment fidelity literature. The thesis comprises five studies, focussed on exploring, enhancing and assessing fidelity of delivery and receipt of HBC interventions. Through developing an enhanced understanding of these areas of treatment fidelity, the thesis will also make recommendations for strategies to enhance and assess fidelity of delivery and receipt of future HBC interventions. Study one is a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies that explored the views and experiences of nurses who had delivered HBC interventions with a focus on how this can inform future delivery of HBC interventions. Study two is an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of PNs’/HCAs’ experiences of helping patients to change their health behaviours within the context of their routine care, and before and after delivery of an intervention to facilitate increased walking. Study three reports a quantitative assessment of delivery of intervention techniques to facilitate increased walking, as specified in an intervention protocol, by PNs/HCAs. Study four explores PNs’/HCAs’ views and experiences of the factors that influenced their delivery of the walking intervention. Study five investigates treatment receipt, by exploring patients’ understanding of, and experiences of receiving the walking intervention. The key findings from this research are that delivery and receipt of HBC interventions within general practice are influenced by a range of factors that include the providers’ confidence and skills, the patients’ expectations and/or engagement with the intervention and the general practice within which the intervention is delivered. A number of these factors are difficult to influence and so research teams need to develop a range of strategies to enhance delivery and receipt of HBC interventions. These may include appropriate preparation for providers to deliver the intervention, the provision of a simple intervention resource to support delivery of the intervention and the development of strategies to enhance patients’ understanding of intervention techniques.
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Matthews, Thomas. "A positive behaviour intervention approach to discipline at a primary school in Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11564.
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Learner discipline has become a major concern in South African schools. A society of entitlement has been bred over the past 20 years. The school is an open system that influences its environment and is being influenced by it too. The most challenging concern, at least for teachers, is to create and to maintain a form of order and structure at schools. The troublesome situation has an impact on teachers as they have to spend more time addressing challenging behaviour instead of spending that time on teaching a set curriculum and syllabus. Unfortunately, teachers report feelings of being ill-prepared to deal effectively with the challenging behaviour of learners in schools. Hence it is imperative to consider strategies to foster school discipline to manage and modify challenging behaviour in schools. To date, most researches have shown a major paradigm shift from the punitive disciplinary measures of the past towards a rather preventive and more positive approach. It became inevitable that learner discipline should be correctional and educational – especially after the abolishment of corporal punishment in South African schools. An increase attention has started to concentrate on early identification and prevention of challenging behaviour and on strategies to resolve such behaviour at its earliest appearance. Some of the guiding determinants for this positive approach are vested in maintaining a safe, harmonious and orderly environment that is conducive to teaching and learning. The outcry is to promote and encourage discipline amongst learners. An approach that has been termed school-wide positive behaviour intervention and support seems to address most of the challenging behaviours. Through the use of document analysis, observation and group interviews school-wide positive behaviour intervention and support was embraced. The findings further revealed that through proper planning, implementation strategies, and in-service training positive behaviour approach can be implemented in schools as framework for school discipline in primary schools. School-wide positive behaviour intervention and support will contribute successfully in managing and modifying challenging behaviour, fostering discipline in schools, and to educate learners in the habit of accountability and responsibility for their actions without using punishment following specified rules. Doing so some of the critical and developmental outcomes of education in South Africa will be realized. Although research in this area is limited, there are encouraging signs that a coordinated adoption of validated practice could substantially reduce challenging behaviours and thereby enhance the social and emotional well-being of learners in today’s society.
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Lee, Lap-chi, and 李立志. "Effectiveness of behaviour modification programmes implemented by sheltered workshop instructors on an in-service course." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956506.
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Page, George. "Modification and design of non-linear system behaviour using fuzzy logic and describing function methods." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6002/.
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Fredericks, Brenton Grant. "A model for behaviour modification programmes to improve discipline and learner achievement : a communicative approach." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/93.
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Nkosi, Nokuthuthuka Nozibusiso. "The effectiveness of social work services on the behaviour modification of learners in eSikhaleni in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1223.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree Master of Social Work
in the Faculty of Arts in the Department of Social Work at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2012.Schools in South Africa have many young learners in the education system whose problematic behaviour have been left unattended, and thus resulting in learners having emotional turmoil. According to the researchers observation Youth between the ages of 13-19 spend 75% of their time in the classroom area and because of this, one can assume that it is where their good or bad learnt behaviour or adapted behaviour manifests itself. What social workers must appreciate is that children come to school with vastly different needs and values. Therefore, social workers should focus their intervention on helping children to become aware of and to learn to exert some degree of control over those change processes that are already at work in their lives. The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of social work services on the behaviour modification of learners. For this study, the researcher utilised the quantitative approach. The respondents included were twenty five educators as respondents to the research, representing five high schools in Esikhaleni. The key findings indicated in the study are that there is an under-utilisation of social workers at schools by the Department of Education. The findings of the study also indicated that mainly practicing social workers perform the task of school social workers, hence this limits access to social work services for troubled learners. The recommendations of this study are that Social Workers need to be placed on school premises as an immediate response measure, so that these two departments can work cooperatively. Social workers need to outline their plan of action and involve the educator in the modification process. Social workers should market themselves in their communities and should link up with other department so as to create a liaison partnership, such as schools and professional within those departments, eg educators, School Governing Body (SGB), and School Management Team (SMT).
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Ma, Siu-wai Kitty, and 馬小慧. "Increasing on-task behaviour in preschool children in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31959702.
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Pictet, Arnaud. "Modulating cognitive bias in the context of depression : mental imagery, emotion and behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5b8543da-43c1-4058-850c-e54f6ec58934.
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The overarching aim of this thesis was to contribute towards the translation of a laboratory paradigm into a clinical intervention: that is, to develop a positive Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) technique using mental imagery into an internet-based computerized intervention for people with clinical depression. Preliminary studies using an imagery-based CBM to modify interpretation bias in depression have shown significant effects of the CBM in alleviating depressive symptoms. We know very little, however, about the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of imagery-based CBM in depression. A particular focus of the current thesis was to explore the effects of imagery-based CBM on variables that were thought to contribute to symptom improvement: mental imagery, emotion and behaviour. Experiment 1 explored these effects in a sample of mildly depressed individuals, using a CBM paradigm in which participants were required to generate mental imagery in response to positive, negative or mixed (control) combinations of picture and word cues. Participants assigned to the positive imagery condition showed mood improvements as well as enhanced behavioural performance (fishing game task) and reduced cognitive bias compared to participants in the two other conditions. Further, positive imagery was rated as increasingly vivid as they went along with the training. Study 2 explored the possibility that the behavioural task (i.e. a fishing game) used in mildly depressed individuals to detect CBM-induced differences in behaviour could be associated with behavioural differences between individuals with various and clinical levels of depressive symptoms. The hypothesis was tested that in a sample of individuals with minimal to severe symptoms of depression, behavioural performance on the fishing game would be inversely related to the severity of their depressive symptoms. As predicted, participants with higher depression scores performed less well on the fishing game task than those with lower scores, and this association remained when controlling for other variables such as state mood. Experiment 3a and 3b constituted the first two pilot studies exploring the feasibility of delivering imagery-based CBM over the internet to individuals with clinical depression. In Experiment 3a, the imagery-based CBM was developed into an internet-based intervention involving 6 sessions of CBM that participants completed in their own home over a week. The Oxford Imagery Generation (OxIGen) program was piloted in a small sample (N = 6) of clinically depressed individuals, and qualitative data were collected to assess experience of the intervention. As a result, refinements were made to improve the intervention and enhance engagement. In Experiment 3b, the finalised version of the OxIGen program, which involved 12 sessions of online CBM completed over a month, was piloted in a small sample (N = 8) of individuals with clinical depression. Results showed high levels of acceptability and adherence. Three of the four participants allocated to the positive imagery version of OxIGen showed reliable levels of symptom improvement. The exploration of the effects of OxIGen on mental imagery, bias and behaviour provided a mixed picture. For example, the predicted change in vividness for positive future imagery and negative interpretative bias was only found in two of the four participants from the positive imagery group. Finally in Experiment 4, the effects of OxIGen on positive future imagery and behaviour were examined as part of a wider clinical trial involving a large sample (N = 150) of individuals with clinical depression. The larger scale of this study allowed a sufficiently powered test of the prediction that the intervention would lead to changes in specific features of imagery (i.e. vividness and likelihood of positive future imagery) and increases in behavioural activation. Further, the hypothesised link between positive future imagery and optimism was tested. The results examined whether the OxIGen intervention can induce changes at different levels of psychological functioning (i.e. emotional, cognitive and behavioural). It is discussed that the combined action of these changes may reinstate a positive feedback cycle that ultimately leads to symptom improvements. Existing resources are largely insufficient to combat the major health problem of depression. The development of a promising laboratory paradigm towards a clinical intervention is an important step towards the development of short and inexpensive forms of treatment that can be delivered to the hands of the many people who need help.
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Nixon, David J. "Catalytic behaviour of nickel-based catalysts operating on simulated biogas : optimisation through oxygen addition, temperature variation and catalyst modification." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3818/.
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The use of catalytic systems operating on waste products such as biogas offers a potentially attractive alternative for renewable and sustainable energy generation. To investigate the potential viability of such catalytic systems for operation on biogas, a detailed study of nickel-based catalysts for the reforming of simulated biogas (methane:carbon dioxide = 2) to synthesis gas has been undertaken. The influence of oxygen addition in varied concentrations to the simulated biogas mixture has been investigated with regards to catalyst activity, selectivity and stability. This influence has been studied over an extended temperature range from room temperature to 1000 °C. Additionally, the effect of H2S within the simulated biogas mixture on the catalyst activity, selectivity and stability has been studied. Also, the influence of ceria-doping of the nickel catalyst on catalytic behaviour has been investigated. Temperature programmed and conventional catalytic reaction measurements have been used to analyse the catalytic behaviour and long term stability of the catalyst system over a full range of reaction temperatures. Carbon deposits from the simulated biogas reforming were analysed using post-reaction temperature programmed oxidation to assess the extent and nature of carbon deposition. The addition of oxygen significantly increases catalyst activity and shows a variation in product selectivity with temperature. Increased catalyst stability through reduced carbon deposition and increased sulfur tolerance is also observed with oxygen addition. Doping of the nickel catalyst with ceria enhances the influence of oxygen, apart from at high oxygen levels where total oxidation of methane is prevalent. Catalyst regeneration from sulfur poisoning has also been shown through oxygen addition to the simulated biogas mixture and ceria-doping of the nickel catalyst. Fuel cell studies have shown the successful operation of solid oxide fuel cells on simulated biogas and the substantial improvements in electrical performance through addition of oxygen and increased temperature.
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Saun, Gabriel John. "Teachers' Perceptions of Behaviour Difficulties in Primary Schools: A Madang Province Perspective, Papua New Guinea." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2342.
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Behavioural difficulty is probably the least understood area of special education as it is very problematic to identify a specific cause. Behavioural difficulties are those behaviours that students sometimes exhibit that are inappropriate and unacceptable in the classrooms or schools, as they disrupt the smooth process of teaching and learning. This study investigated primary school teachers' perspectives of the causal factors of students' behavioural problems and what can be done to minimise this problem. The study was carried out in the Madang Province involving two primary schools. From the two schools, twelve teachers (six from each school) participated in the study. The same participants were involved in both the questionnaire and the semi structured interview. The data gathered for the questionnaire and interview were analysed and transcribed respectively. The findings discovered that the family and school factors contributed substantially towards students' inappropriate behaviours. Family factors include parental problems, abuse in the families, and the constant struggle to provide the basic necessities due to the high living cost. School factors, on the other hand, include negative teacher attitudes, teacher lack of knowledge and skills to adapt the curriculum to include social skills, lack of teacher support and encouragement, and peer influences. The findings also discovered that teachers were more bothered about externalising behaviours such as disruption and aggression than internalising behavioural problems like withdrawal and depression displayed by students. Further, teachers' limited pre-service and in-service training and lack of experience in teaching students with behavioural problems contributed significantly for teachers not attending to students who behave inappropriately. Based on the findings identified in the study, several recommendations were made on how to intervene to alleviate this problem. Of particular importance is teacher training at both the pre-service and in-service level. Also government support is needed in terms of funding for training, involving specialists and other resources to respond to student behavioural problems effectively and efficiently. The findings may have particular relevance to future studies in this area and provide teachers with effective and workable intervention strategies for students' behavioural problems in the classrooms.
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Yung, Tsang Sun-may Grace, and 容曾莘薇. "Enhancing teachers' competencies in positive behaviour management in aschool for moderately mentally handicapped children: an action research approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31958436.
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Gabriely, Orly. "A behaviour modification programme in an Israeli primary school constructed and conducted in cooperation between pupil, teachers and the researcher." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494332.
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Poitras, Marie-Eve. "Description des caractéristiques présentes lors d'une modification dans le processus de changement de comportement à risque chez les femmes ayant subi une angioplastie coronarienne transluminale percutanée (PTCA)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4051.
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Contexte : Les maladies cardiovasculaires dont l'angine et l'infarctus sont un fléau grandissant pour les Canadiens. En 2008, les femmes canadiennes sont 16% plus susceptibles de succomber à un infarctus que les hommes. Pour améliorer la qualité de vie des patients souffrant d'angine ou d'infarctus, la perfusion transluminale per cutanée (PTCA) s'avère le traitement de choix. Suite à celle-ci, il est recommandé d'effectuer des modifications d'habitudes de vie. Cependant, les femmes cardiaques devant modifier leurs habitudes de vie ont une perception de la maladie différente des hommes mais les caractéristiques présentes lors de changement d'habitude de vie ne sont pas connues. Le nouveau contexte de la PTCA n'est pas adapté à cette population grandissante. Objectif: Décrire les caractéristiques présentes lors d'un changement dans le processus de modification de comportements à risque des femmes ayant subi une PTCA. Méthodologie : Cette étude descriptive. L'échantillon non probabiliste de convenance est composé de 22 femmes (X= 65.4 ans) ayant subi une PTCA au CHUS-Fleurimont. Toutes les participantes complétaient le même questionnaire à 1- 2 semaines (Tl) et à 4 mois post-PTCA (T2) lors d'une rencontre à leur domicile. Les questions évaluaient les trois habitudes de vie en lien avec l'alimentation, l'activité physique et le tabagisme ainsi que les principales caractéristiques pouvant être présentes lors d'une modification de comportement à risque (soutien des proches, perception de la maladie, fatigue, dépression, stress, optimisme, variables sociodémographiques, facilitants et barrières perçues par les participantes). Des statistiques descriptives ont été réalisées. Des tests non paramétriques (a = 0.05) ont été faits pour comparer les participantes entre le Tl et le T2 (Wilcoxon) puis des sous-groupes de celles-ci en fonction de leur motivation à modifier leurs comportements à risque à T2 (Mann-Withney et Krustall-Wallis). Les données qualitatives ont été regroupées par catégorie à l'aide d'une analyse de contenu. Résultats : Les femmes de l'étude identifient plus de symptômes de la maladie, sont plus fatiguées (p=0.01) et plus stressées (p=0.04) au Tl (p=0.000) qu'au T2. Celles-ci perçoivent leur maladie cardiaque comme chronique (p=0.006) et ont une meilleure compréhension de celle-ci (p=0.007) 4 mois suivant la PTCA. Le soutien des professionnels de la santé ainsi que les programmes de réadaptation cardiaque sont perçus comme des facilitants à la modification de comportement au même titre que celui de la famille et des amis. Les symptômes physiques (douleurs aux jambes, au dos, etc.) et les symptômes dépressifs sont identifiés comme des barrières à la modification de comportement. Conclusion : Cette étude a permis de faire ressortir certaines caractéristiques présentes tant en post-PTCA que lors d'un changement dans le processus de modification de comportement. D'autres études doivent cependant être conduite afin de valider ces caractéristiques auprès d'un plus grand échantillon et ainsi pouvoir proposer des interventions infirmières d'enseignements solides et structurés à partir de solides assises sur les caractéristiques associées aux femmes ayant subi une PTCA.
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Mobini, Sirous. "Effects of cognitive bias modification and computer-aided cognitive-behaviour therapy on modifying attentional and interpretive biases and anticipatory social anxiety." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/20541/.
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Guy, Peter John, and guyp@ebac com au. "The Solvent induced swelling behaviour of Victorian brown coals." Swinburne University of Technology. School of Engineering and Science, 2002. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20031218.142251.
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The solvent-induced swelling behaviour of Victorian brown coals was examined in detail to probe the bonding mechanisms in very low rank coals (in this case Victorian brown coal). Correlation of solvent properties with differences in observed swelling behaviour were interpreted in terms of the coal structure, and means of predicting the observed behaviour were considered. Modification of the coal structure via physical compression (briquetting), chemical digestion, thermal modification, and functional group alkylation was used to further elucidate those structural features which govern the swelling behaviour of Victorian brown coals. Briquette weathering (i.e. swelling and disintegration of briquettes when exposed to variations in humidity and temperature) was examined by making alterations to briquette feed material and observing the effects on swelling in water.
The application of solubility parameter alone to prediction of coal swelling was rejected due to the many exceptions to any proposed trend. Brown coal swelling showed a minimum when the solvent electron-donor number (DN) minus its electron-acceptor number (AN) was closest to zero, i.e. when DN and AN were of similar magnitude. The degree of swelling increased either side of this point, as predicted by theory. In contrast to the solubility parameter approach (which suffers from the uncertainty caused by specific interaction between coal and solvent), the electron donor/acceptor approach is about specific interactions. It was concluded that a combination of total and three-dimensional solubility parameters and solvent electron donor/acceptor numbers may be used to predict solvent swelling of unextracted brown coals with some success.
Solvent access to chemically densified coal was found to be insensitive to a reduction in pore volume, and chemical effects were dominant. Thermal modification of the digested coal resulted in reduced swelling for all solvents, indicating that the structure had adopted a minimum energy configuration due to decarboxylation and replacement of hydrogen bonds with additional covalent bonds. Swelling of oxygen-alkylated coals demonstrated that the more polar solvents are able to break relatively weak hydrogen bonded crosslinks.
The large difference between the rate and extent of swelling in water (and hence weathering) of Yallourn and Morwell briquettes was shown to be almost entirely attributable to exchanged magnesium. Magnesium exchange significantly increases the rate and extent of swelling of Yallourn coal. It was also shown that the swelling of briquettes due to uptake of water by magnesium-exchanged coals is reduced significantly with controlled ageing of the briquettes.
The solvent swelling behaviour of Victorian brown coals is consistent with the notion that coal is a both covalently and non-covalently crosslinked and entangled macromolecular network comprising extractable species, which are held within the network by a wide range of non-covalent, polar, electron donor/acceptor interactions. Solvents capable of significant extraction of whole brown coals are also capable of significant swelling, but not dissolution, of the macromolecular coal network, which supports the view that the network is comprised of both covalent and ionic bonding. Victorian brown coals have also been shown to exhibit polyelectrolytic behaviour due to a high concentration of ionisable surface functionalities.
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Long, Frances Jackia. "Changing behaviour patterns of disadvantaged unemployed youth through an intervention strategy using computer-based training techniques." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26869.
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This thesis is concerned with changing behaviour patterns of a number of unemployed disadvantaged youth associated with an intervention strategy called Career Start. Career Start uses computer-based technology in its instructional program, which attempts to address simultaneously three significant barriers to youth employment. These barriers are grade level attainment, low self-esteem, and destructive attitudes towards work. The participants in Career Start numbered 169 youths between the ages of 15 and 24. All had been classified as severely employment disadvantaged by the classification methods of Employment and Immigration Canada.
The youths were interviewed to ascertain specific background characteristics and the reasons why they were unemployed. They were also tested before and after participation in the program to determine whether or not barriers to employment had been reduced.
There was some evidence of improvement in academic scores, primarily in the language and mathematics areas. In addition, there was a reduction in the barriers to employment as measured by the Vocational Opinion Index. The Culture Free Self-Esteem Index also showed that the self-esteem of the participants was raised after participation in the program. The employment objectives of Employment and Immigration Canada were also taken into consideration during the study. During the first year the objectives were exceeded by 36 percent of the subjects and, during the first nine-month period of the second year, the objectives were again exceeded.
Data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square Test for Independence, the Non Parametric Sign Test, cross-tabulations, and frequency tables.
The study indicated that Career Start had the potential to be a successful intervention strategy in addressing the problems of unemployed and disadvantaged youth. The research also generated a number of related issues in need of further study.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
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Grindle, Mark. "The power of digital storytelling to influence human behaviour." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21800.
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The aim of this multi-disciplinary research was to explore the power of digital, interactive or participatory storytelling to influence human behaviour in the context of public health. It addressed three related questions: RQ1: Does digital storytelling have the power to influence human behaviour? RQ2: If digital storytelling can influence human behaviour then how might it do so? RQ3: Is a ‘digital storytelling framework’ feasible as an approach to behaviour change? Four linked qualitative studies were conducted: a scoping review, in-depth interviews with 11 international ‘digital storytellers’, two case studies of ‘digital storytelling designed to influence human behaviour’ and six focus groups with 35 adolescent ‘digital story participants’. The research found that: RA1: Digital storytelling appears to influence human behaviour. RA2: Digital storytelling appears to influence by engaging at ever deepening emotional and non-conscious levels. Commerce appears to understand and embrace this power: But public health appears to rely on traditional uni-directional, non-participatory message led approaches and appeals to cognition. This presents threats and opportunities to public health. RA3: The proposed ‘digital storytelling framework’ is feasible and desirable as a behaviour change paradigm. The thesis concludes that Digital Storytelling appears to influence human behaviour. It appears to derive its power to influence by facilitating unprecedented depths of emotional engagement potentially en route to behaviour change. The current imbalance in how commerce and public health corral the power of digital storytelling suggests that the latter might embrace its potential; and tougher regulation might constrain how the former uses it to market harmful products. The proposed digital storytelling framework makes a valuable creative, analytical and critical contribution to both of these ends. Its core principles have informed the design of numerous story-led digital health interventions; and they now sit at the core of a counter-marketing campaign to reduce harmful effects of marketing on children’s health.
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Yung, Tsang Sun-may Grace. "Enhancing teachers' competencies in positive behaviour management in a school for moderately mentally handicapped children : an action research approach /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14710171.
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Mazalovská, Markéta. "Modifikace produktu ubytovacího zařízení v návaznosti na segmenty klientely." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76735.
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The thesis focuses on the product modification in a wine hotel. Its aim is to suggest recommendations leading to greater consumer satisfaction and higher profitability of the hotel. The theoretical part explains the specifics of hotel services and their marketing. It also characterizes the wine tourism, as well as wine consumers and wine tourists as potential customers of the hotel. The practical part is oriented on the wine hotel Merlot in Prague. The main part of the thesis includes own survey of consumer behaviour conducted in the hotel. The competition analysis, SWOT analysis and analysis of meeting the requirements for official classification are presented as well.
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Merle, Alice. "Modification du comportement exploratoire et des capacités de navigation du crapaud commun en paysage fragmenté." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10306/document.
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En augmentant la distribution des ressources dans l'espace, la fragmentation du paysage contraint le mouvement des organismes. Deux types de stratégies adaptatives antagonistes ont été mises en évidence en réponse à cette pression : une diminution ou une augmentation de la propension et de la capacité des organismes à se déplacer. La majorité de la littérature traite de la diminution des mouvements en réponse à la fragmentation du paysage. En étudiant un organisme contraint de traverser la matrice pour achever son cycle de vie (i.e. Bufo bufo), je me suis intéressée à la stratégie d'augmentation et d'optimisation des mouvements en réponse à la fragmentation. Peu d'études permettent de conclure sur l'existence de plasticité phénotypique, d'effets maternels ou d'évolution des traits liés au mouvement en réponse à la fragmentation. J'ai ainsi inclus dans ma démarche expérimentale des élevages en conditions standardisées afin d'étudier l'évolution des caractéristiques du mouvement en réponse à la fragmentation. Plus précisément, j'ai étudié l'évolution des capacités de navigation en m'intéressant à la vitesse dévolution, à la base magnétique et à l'influence de l'orientation vectorielle sur la dispersion. Je me suis également intéressée à l'évolution du comportement exploratoire en réponse à la fragmentationLandscape fragmentation increases resource distribution and constrains animal movements. Two kinds of adaptive strategy have been revealed in response to this selective pressure: an increase or a decrease of animal capacity and propensity to move. I studied the resistance strategy (i.e. increase of movements) which is poorly documented in the literature. To do so I focused on an organism facing the need to cross the matrix to achieve its life cycle (Bufo bufo). Only a few studies enable to disentangle phenotypic plasticity, maternal effect and evolution of movement characteristics. I used common garden rearing and cross-breeding experiments in order to focus on the evolutionary dimension of movement characteristics changes induced by landscape fragmentation. More precisely, I studied the evolution of navigation capacities by focusing on vector orientation, its evolutionary rate, its genetic basis, its magnetic basis and its influence on dispersal. I also studied the evolution of the exploratory behaviour in response to landscape fragmentation and searched for convergent evolution of this behaviour
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Drotsky, Willem Abraham. "Goalsetting as a motivational mechanism for therapeutic intervention." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10222004-142201.
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Fong, Kau-wah Simon. "Playing the game a behavioural approach to homework submission management in a form one class /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38627280.
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Godbey, Jessie Franklin Thomas Robert Evans. "The effects of behavior-based safety techniques on behavior variation, targeted and non-targeted safe behaviors, and productivity and quality in manufacturing facilities." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1297.
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Cotten, Jo Ann. "Behavior modificatioon unit study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2963.
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Balshem, Howard. "AIDS-Preventative Behaviors and the Psychological Costs of Behavior Change." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4705.
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This study examined the effects of behavior change on psychological health among gay and bisexual men of Portland, Oregon who were at risk for contracting AIDS. Cross-sectional self-reports of personal experiences were obtained in Summer, 1991. Sexual behaviors were used as predictors of self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being. Adopting safer sexual behaviors was psychologically more costly than continuing to engage in high risk behaviors, or long-term adherence to safer behaviors. Behaviors amenable to short-term change differed from those conducive to long-term maintenance. Behavior change was also found to have a beneficial effect on self-efficacy.
These findings suggest that behavior change, traditionally considered as the endpoint of a process, might more appropriately be considered as an interim stage influenced by earlier, and having an influence on later, psychological health. By integrating models of behavior change from research on alcohol and drug use, smoking, and weight control, researchers studying AIDS-related behavior might better understand the place of behavior change in the process of change, relapse, and maintenance.
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Starke, Robert. "Research on thermal modification of African alpine bamboo (Yushania alpina [K. Schumann] Lin) in terms of woven strand board (WSB) product development in Ethiopia." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-173554.
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’African Bamboo PLC’ has the vision to become the first and the leading bamboo-based floorboard producer in Africa with export markets in Europe and America. African alpine bamboo (Yushania alpina), common in the highlands of Ethiopia, was used to develop woven strand board (WSB) products. Research on thermal modification was part of the product development. Samples were mainly collected in Tetechia (6°33‘ 34‘‘ N 38°32‘25‘‘ W, 2,650-2,700 m a.s.l.), located in the Sidama region. Three culms each of two, three, four and five years of age were harvested. Samples were taken from the middle of each internode to determine the moisture content and density. Samples used to assess the effects of thermal modification were cut next to them. Further test specimens from different areas and other species such as the lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) were also investigated. The thermal treatment was applied in a kiln with steam as an inert blanket to reduce oxidative processes. Eight modifications were performed at temperatures of 160 °C, 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C, at durations of three or five hours each. Mass loss, sorption behaviour, impact resistance, resistance to indentation and contents of chemical components were analysed for the modified and unmodified samples. Yushania alpina is a thin-walled bamboo with a maximum diameter of 6 cm, moisture content of up to 150 % and densities of between 0.5 g/cm² and 0.8 g/cm². Moisture content, diameter and wall thickness decreased from the bottom to the top of the culms, whereas density increased. Two year old bamboo had the lowest and three year the highest density. The mass loss followed an exponential trend, with about 2 % loss at 160 °C and 16 % at 220 °C. This mainly reflected the degradation of hemicellulose, which was fully removed at 220 °C. Extractive contents, at less than 5 %, fluctuated. Lignin amounted to 30 % and increased appreciably. Cellulose reached contents of about 45 % and decreased slightly at high temperatures. The chemical change, which was based more on the temperature than on the duration of treatment, influenced the sorption behaviour and mechanical properties most of all. The equilibrium moisture content was reduced by between 10 % to 40 %, depending on the climate and modification temperature chosen. This reduction stabilised between temperatures of 200 °C and 220 °C. The impact resistance of untreated bamboo was 3.8 J/cm², compared to only 1.4 J/cm² for modified samples. Resistance also differed between samples from the outer and inner part of the culm in the transverse section. The resistance to indentation declined also. Unmodified samples had 47 N/mm², compared to only 20 N/mm² for strongly modified samples. The results of the analysis and the experience gained indicate that temperatures between 180 °C and 200 °C, held for three hours, lead to the best results for woven strand board production using Ethiopian highland bamboo’African Bamboo PLC’ setzt sich zum Ziel, als erstes Unternehmen Holzwerkstoffe aus Bambus nach Europa und Amerika zu exportieren. Afrikanischer Hochgebirgsbambus (Yushania alpina), welcher vor allem im Hochland von Äthiopien vorkommt, wurde dazu verwendet ”woven strand boards” (WSB) zu entwickeln. Untersuchungen zur thermischen Modifizierung waren dabei Bestandteil der Produktentwicklung. Die dafür notwendigen Bambusproben wurden hauptsächlich in Tetechia (6°33‘34‘‘ N 38°32‘25‘‘ W, 2650-2700 m ü. NN), einem Dorf in Sidama, entnommen. Es wurden dazu je drei Bambushalme der Altersklassen zwei, drei, vier und fünf Jahre geerntet. Proben für die Bestimmung von Holzfeuchte und Dichte wurden in der Mitte jedes Internodiums entnommen. Diese spielten als Referenzprobe eine große Rolle. Neben den Referenzprobekörpern wurden die jeweiligen Stücke für die thermische Behandlung heraus gesägt, wobei dies nach einer bestimmten Systematik erfolgte. Neben den Proben aus Tetechia wurden für die Untersuchungen zudem Proben aus anderen Gebieten und von einer anderen Art, dem Tieflandbambus (Oxytenanthera abyssinica), hinzugefügt. Die thermische Modifizierung erfolgte unter Wasserdampf, welcher oxidative Prozesse verhinderte. Insgesamt erfolgten acht Modifizierungen bei Temperaturen von 160 °C, 180 °C, 200 °C und 220 °C und einer jeweiligen Haltezeit von drei oder fünf Stunden. In Anbetracht der unbehandelten und behandelten Proben wurden der Masseverlust, die Bruchschlagarbeit, der Eindruckswiderstand und die chemische Zusammensetzung analysiert. Yushania alpina ist ein dünnwandiger Bambus mit Durchmessern bis zu 6 cm, Holzfeuchten bis 150 % und Dichten zwischen 0,5 g/cm² und 0,8 g/cm². Holzfeuchte, Durchmesser und Wandstärke verringerten sich mit der Halmhöhe, wobei die Dichte hingegen anstieg. Zweijähriger Bambus hatte die geringsten und dreijähriger Bambus die höchsten Dichten. Der Masseverlust folgte einem expontiellem Verlauf mit Werten von 2 % bei 160 °C und 16 % bei 220 °C. Er widerspiegelte den Abbau der Hemicellulose, welche bei 220 °C schon nicht mehr vorhanden war. Exktraktgehalte fluktuierten mit Werten unter 5 %. Der Ligningehalt lag bei ungefähr 30 % und stieg merklich an. Der Cellulosegehalt erreichte Werte von etwa 45 %, wobei die Cellulose bei höheren Temperaturen leicht abgebaut wurde. Die chemischen Veränderungen, welche maßgeblich von der angewandten Temperatur statt der Behandlungsdauer beeinflusst wurden, wirkten sich auf das Sorptionsverhalten und mechanische Eigenschaften aus. Je nach ausgesetztem Klima und erfolgter Modifikation wurde die Ausgleichsfeuchte der Proben um 10 % bis 40 % reduziert. Die Abnahme der Ausgleichsfeuchte stabilisierte sich im Temperaturbereich von 200 °C bis 220 °C. Die Bruchschlagarbeit des unbehandelten Bambus betrug 3,8 J/cm², die des behandelten nur 1,4 J/cm². Die Bruchschlagarbeit variierte unabhängig von der Modifikation zwischen dem inneren und äußeren Abschnittes innerhalb des Halmquerschnitts. Der Eindruckswiderstand nahm mit der thermischen Behandlung ebenfalls ab. Unbehandelte Proben hatten 47 N/mm², während die modifizierten Proben nur noch 20 N/mm² aufwiesen. Anhand der Ergebnisse und erworbenen Erfahrungen lies sich schlussfolgern, dass Temperaturen zwischen 180 °C und 200 °C bei einer Haltezeit von drei Stunden für die thermische Modifizierung von Äthiopischem Hochlandbambus in Bezug auf die Entwicklung von ”woven strand boards” empfehlenswert waren
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Sloan, Tracy Beth. "The role of safety behaviors in the maintenance of anxiety /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008443.
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Gonyea, Randall P. "Compliance-gaining in the classroom the effects of the use of behavior alteration techniques and power /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=754.
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Hecht, Stephanie. "Evaluation einer multimodalen Präventivintervention: Die Neue Rückenschule." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-104453.
Full textAbstract:
Die Neue Rückenschule ist ein standardisiertes Rückenschulkonzept der Konföderation der deutschen Rückenschulen, dessen Hauptanliegen in der Förderung der Rückengesundheit und der Verhinderung der Chronifizierung von Rückenschmerzen besteht. Die Zielsetzungen und Inhalte der Neuen Rückenschule richten sich in erster Linie nach den aktuellen Europäischen Leitlinien zur Prävention von Rückenschmerzen und den für die Prävention formulierten Kernzielen für Gesundheitssport. Diese Festlegungen basieren auf dem biopsychosozialen Modell, dem Salutogenesemodell und der Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF). Mit ihrem multimodalen Programm zielt die Neue Rückenschule darauf ab, dass Menschen ein eigenverantwortliches, gesundheitsorientiertes und Risikofaktoren vermeidendes Handeln aufbauen, ihr individuelles Gesundheitspotential fördern und damit das eigene Wohlbefinden und ihre Lebensqualität verbessern. Das Konzept integriert sowohl bewegungsbezogene praktische als auch informations- und verhaltensbezogene theoretische Anteile. Dennoch steht bis dato eine Wirksamkeitsprüfung der Neuen Rückenschule, insbesondere zur Vermittlungsstrategie der Neuen Rückenschule aus. So liegt das Erkenntnisinteresse der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift in der Beantwortung der Frage, inwieweit die Intervention Neue Rückenschule im präventiven Kontext günstige Effekte bezüglich der Parameter gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität, Rückenschmerzen, körperliche Aktivität, (rücken-)gesundheitsbezogenes Wissen, Selbstwirksamkeit und Kontrollüberzeugung hervorruft. Eine Analyse, ob der nachhaltige Mehrwert der Neuen Rückenschule darin besteht, theoretische Wissensvermittlung und praktische Übungsanteile miteinander zu vernetzen, stellt ein weiteres zentrales Ziel der Arbeit dar. So lässt der momentane Stand der Evaluation noch offen, ob nicht bereits die kognitiv-theoretischen Module die Effekte der Neuen Rückenschule zu einem sehr hohen Anteil erklären. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurde eine Längsschnittstudie mit Versuchs-Kontrollgruppen-Design durchgeführt, die eine dreimonatige Intervention mit zwei unterschiedlichen Vermittlungsstrategien vorsah. Die empirischen Analysen konzentrierten sich auf die Beschreibung von unmittelbaren Effekten der Intervention sowie Nachhaltigkeits-Effekten sechs Monate nach Interventionsende. Zusammenfassend wird ersichtlich, dass insbesondere für eine Verhaltensänderung im Sinne der Implementierung von körperlicher Aktivität und einer langfristigen Bindung an diese, spezifisches Wissen allein offenbar nicht ausreicht, sondern Handlungserfahrungen und Körperwahrnehmungen in Verbindung mit erlebter Selbstkompetenz den Erfolg einer Intervention maßgeblich bedingen.