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Cláudio Machado, João, Daniel Barreira, Israel Teoldo, Jaime Serra-Olivares, Alberto Góes, and Alcides José Scaglia. "Tactical Behaviour of Youth Soccer Players: Differences Depending on Task Constraint Modification, Age and Skill Level." Journal of Human Kinetics 75, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0051.
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Abstract This study aimed to investigate: i) how Small-Sided and Conditioned Games based on different representation and exaggeration modification strategies, from the Teaching Games for Understanding pedagogical principles, affected team performance and exploratory behaviour; and ii) how teams and players of different ages and skill levels were affected by the use of these different modification strategies. In total, forty-eight youth male soccer players participated in the study (U15, n = 24 mean age = 13.06 ± 1.53 years; U17, n = 24 mean age = 16.89 ± 0.11 years). In both categories, players were organized into three groups according to their tactical efficiency level (Group 01 = High Skilled Players (HSP), Group 02 = Intermediate Skilled Players (ISP), and Group 03 = Low Skilled Players (LSP)). The HSP and LSP groups performed two types of Gk+4vs4+Gk Small-Sided and Conditioned Games (SSCGs) based on different representation and exaggeration modification strategies. The first type of SSCGs was modified by structural constraints (Structural SSCG) and the second type was modified by rule manipulation (Manipulation SSCG). Team performance and exploratory behaviour were analysed through the Offensive Sequences Characterization System and Lag Sequential Analysis, respectively. SSCG modification strategies affected differently tactical performance and exploratory behaviour of teams composed of players of different skill levels. It was found that SSCG modification strategy through rule manipulation provided players and teams with a higher level of difficulty, compromising their performance and inhibiting exploratory behaviour. This information is crucial to practitioners wishing to apply more appropriate pedagogical strategies to improve a specific tactical problem using a player-centred and game-based approach.
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Allen, Felicity. "Feminism and Behaviourism in Academia: Strategies for Change." Behaviour Change 8, no. 1 (March 1991): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900006860.
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This paper considers the employment of women academics in Australia and describes ideological sources of individual cognitions about the acceptability of the jobs typically performed by women in academia. A cognitive-behavioural model is used to explore the role of certain group behaviours in maintaining power divisions between the sexes. It is suggested that women can control aspects of their interactions with others in ways that might facilitate their promotion. The importance of time and resource management in making these changes is emphasised. The questions of reconciling the issues of feminism and behaviourism in dealing with co-workers in tertiary education are discussed. The context is not a client/therapist interaction and the model of behaviour change underlying this article is participant rather than administrative, in that it assumes that at least some members of both sexes within Australian universities will take responsibility for self-directed behaviour change. The purpose of this paper is to consider the areas of academic politics, both micro and macro, which might be susceptible to change by people using self-directed behaviour modification techniques.
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Drabman, Ronald S., J. Scott Allen, Kenneth J. Tarnowski, Susan J. Simonian, and Debra Elliott. "Behaviour Modification with Children: The Generalisation Trap." Behaviour Change 7, no. 4 (December 1990): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900006999.
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In order to encourage research in generalisation, Drabman, Hammer, and Rosenbaum (1979) introduced a framework to categorise the various generalised effects of child behaviour therapy. Sixteen different potential classes of generalisation were identified. To ascertain the current status of generalisation in the child behaviour therapy literature and further encourage generalisation research, we reviewed articles that appeared in 28 journals over the past 12 years. Of 15,141 studies, only 424 involved children and presented data on generalisation. Results indicated that: (a) a small percentage of studies both involved children and presented data on generalisation (2.77%), (b) of these studies, most failed to meet our methodological criteria for demonstrating generalisation, (c) the generalisation map categories of time, maintenance, setting, and setting-time were the most frequently encountered, (d) there was a significant increase in reported instances of maintenance generalisation effects over the past 10 years when compared with data from our earlier paper, and (e) generalisation data were found concerning 15 of the 16 map classes. Implications of these data, methods of conceptualising generalisation, the generalisation trap, and antecedent strategies for promoting generalisation are discussed.
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Gillies, Robyn. "Using cognitive behaviour training activities and group processes to enhance spelling performance." Queensland Journal of Guidance and Counselling 4 (November 1990): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1030316200000285.
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This study was conducted to determine whether cognitive behaviour modification training procedures, implemented in small group settings of learning disabled children and low progress children, was effective in improving their spelling through writing. The study demonstrated two main outcomes. Firstly, it showed that learning disabled children can be taught specific cognitive training strategies to help them regulate their self-instructional behaviours in spelling and these skills can generalise to spelling situations outside the original training program. Secondly, it showed that reciprocal gains occur when learning disabled children work cooperatively with other low progress spellers.
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Stumpf, John, and Jacqueline Holman. "Promoting Generalization of Appropriate Classroom Behaviour: a Comparison of Two Strategies." Behavioural Psychotherapy 13, no. 1 (January 1985): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300009319.
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This study applied a number of behaviour modification strategies in an attempt to reduce the level of disruptive classroom behaviour, and to programme for generalization of treatment effects across time and settings. Eight disruptive students represented either the Control, the Experimenter-selected Objects, or the Self-selected Activities Group. During intervention phases subjects in the Experimenter-selected Objects Group received school related material reinforcers for low levels of disruptive behaviour. The Self-selected Activities Group experienced a more complex set of conditions: partial self-determination of natural reinforcers, self-evaluation and recording, bonuses, group contingencies, individual progress graphs, eventual transition from continuous to intermittent reinforcement, and inclusion of common stimuli in the training and generalization settings. The results indicated that both reinforcement programmes dramatically reduced disruptive behaviour. The less complex package employed with the Experimenter-selected Objects Group, however, yielded significantly better generalization of treatment effects across time in the training setting, as well as across settings during the intervention phases. Additionally, this group showed significantly better maintenance of generalization across settings following programme termination.
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Franceschi, A., J. Stahl, C. Kock, R. Selbmann, S. Ortmann-Ishkina, A. Jobst, M. Merklein, et al. "Strategies for residual stress adjustment in bulk metal forming." Archive of Applied Mechanics 91, no. 8 (February 25, 2021): 3557–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-021-01903-7.
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AbstractThe family of bulk forming technologies comprises processes characterised by a complex three-dimensional stress and strain state. Besides shape and material properties, also residual stresses are modified during a bulk metal forming process. The state of residual stresses affects important properties, like fatigue behaviour and corrosion resistance. An adjustment of the residual stresses is possible through subsequent process steps such as heat treatments or mechanical surface modification technologies, like shot peening and deep rolling. However, these additional manufacturing steps involve supplementary costs, longer manufacturing times and harmful effects on the product quality. Therefore, an optimized strategy consists in a targeted introduction of residual stresses during the forming processes. To enable this approach, a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms of residual stress generation in dependence of the forming parameters is necessary. The current state of the art is reviewed in this paper. Strategies for the manipulation of the residual stresses in different bulk forming processes are classified according to the underlying principles of process modification.
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McLeod, Hamish J., Lisa Densley, and Kate Chapman. "The Effects of Training in Behaviour Modification Strategies on Stress, Burnout, and Therapeutic Attitudes in Frontline Inpatient Mental Health Nurses." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrc.12.1.1.
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AbstractPsychiatric nursing is a stressful profession associated with high levels of burnout. Previous research has demonstrated that burnout in psychiatric nurses can be reduced via training that improves behaviour modification skills. However, the minimum amount of training required to demonstrate a beneficial effect is unclear. We evaluated the impact of a 4-day behaviour modification training program on stress, burnout, and therapeutic attitudes in nurses who were in frequent daily inpatient contact with patients with severe mental illnesses. Nurses working in the same wards served as a control group. Training improved therapeutic attitudes but did not alter self ratings of job-stress and burnout. The need for multi-pronged approaches to the prevention and treatment of burnout in psychiatric nurses is discussed.
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Sulzer-Azaroff, Beth. "Strategies for Maintaining Change Over Time." Behaviour Change 7, no. 1 (March 1990): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900007361.
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Relapse following a behaviour modification program is not unusual, especially when contingencies indigenous to the system tend to favor baseline performance. To avoid such a risk, a preliminary analysis of current and past contingencies operating within the system needs to be conducted. Sometimes, alterations need to be made to permit specific strategies of change to match system demands. Important to examine also are the target response's schedule history, contemporary rates, degree of fluency, intrinsically reinforcing and/or punishing properties and the stimuli, such as rules, routine events and others that set the stage for its occurrence. Rule governance and time management may be especially helpful in the latter regard. Ultimately, lasting change depends upon both the immediate and ultimate long range impact of an intervention upon a system. Benefits must outweigh costs right away and later on, and be clearly reflected on the bottom line.
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Abrahams, Mark V. "The interaction between antipredator behaviour and antipredator morphology: experiments with fathead minnows and brook sticklebacks." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 2209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-261.
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Prey species have two fundamental strategies for reducing their probability of being killed by a predator: behavioural modification and morphological defenses. It is hypothesized that prey species which possess morphological defenses should exhibit less behavioural modification in response to predation risk than species lacking such defenses. Experiments were conducted to examine behavioural modification by armoured (brook sticklebacks, Culea inconstans) and unarmoured (fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas) prey species foraging in the presence of a predator (yellow perch, Perca flavescens). Two experiments measured habitat avoidance and reactive distance to an approaching predator. The results of these experiments were consistent with the hypothesis. Compared with fathead minnows, brook sticklebacks exhibited relatively little behavioural modification in response to the presence of a predator, both in terms of avoiding dangerous areas and in their reactive distance to an approaching predator. Sticklebacks, however, graded their reactive distance to an approaching predator in relation to both their body size and group size. These data suggest that the morphology of brook sticklebacks and their behavioural sensitivity to predation risk may allow them to efficiently exploit habitats that contain predators.
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Odebode, Adeola Aminat. "Views of Nigerian Teachers on Strategies for Curbing Indiscipline: Implications for Counselling Practices." Mimbar Sekolah Dasar 7, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/mimbar-sd.v7i1.23477.
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This study investigated the strategies for curbing indiscipline in elementary school teachers in Nigeria. It also examined the influence of gender, years in service and educational qualification on the respondents’ expressions. This study employed a descriptive analysis of 200 elementary school teachers as participants. An instrument to analyze the data was developed, named ‘Strategies for Curbing Indiscipline Questionnaire” (SCIQ). The psychometric properties of the instrument were developed. Data were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that the use of the approach to promote acceptable behaviours considered successful. As the result, school authorities being good models, giving moral education in schools, adopting behavioural such as punishment, high parental supervision and referral to appropriate helping personnel are some of the strategies that could be used to curb indiscipline among students. It is, therefore, recommended that behaviour modification strategies should be adopted to curb indiscipline among students.
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ATIMGA, Shimawua. "Literature and Health: Interrogating Public Health Behaviour." Nile Journal of English Studies 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejes.v1i1.32.
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Health, ranks among primary issues on the top of developing nations’ agenda. While advancement in medicine and medical care surely increase assurance of wellness it is also acknowledged that the social context where the environmental, organizational and personal factors interact to affect health and general well-being can be better enhanced through an understanding of the health behaviours of such individuals and groups. Such understanding will further enhance intervention activities targeting the prevention, promotion and modification of people’s life styles and proportionately reduce their health risk behaviours. This study maintains that literature has never been aloof to public health advocacy. It illustrates this with the interrogations of public health behavior of Nigerian citizens replete in Ken Saro Wiwa’s collection of short stories titled Prisoners of Jebs and a Forest of Flowers. Using the Social Ecological theory the study analyses selected Short Stories from the two volumes. Wiwa is seen to have used the stories to question the health behavior of compatriots, and to advocate for adoption of better health attitudes. His stories therefore serve as an awakening call for the evolvement of multi-modal strategies for sustainable health.
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Kitchener, Denby A., Sharon R. Sykes, and Allan G. McEwan. "An aggression policy that works." Australian Health Review 28, no. 3 (2004): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040357.
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In 1999, a survey of the clinical staff in Royal Darwin Hospital showed that most instances of aggressive and abusive behaviour by patients or visitors occurring in the hospital went unreported because staff believed there would not be any follow-up investigation or action taken by management. In response, a hospital working party was formed to develop and implement an aggression management policy with practical effective strategies. The principal tool used was an Action Plan that delineated an immediate response to the aggression, as well as long-term strategies such as negotiated care and behaviour modification programs. An advocate is provided for the patient and debriefing for staff members. If the aggressive behaviour continues, early discharge of the patient could be initiated. The fundamental principle of the policy is to prevent fostering a culture of acceptance of aggressive behaviour through appropriate early intervention. In 2002, a follow-up survey showed that 82% of aggressive incidents were being reported and dealt with by management in a timely manner ? a significant improvement.
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López Alacid, Mª paz. "EFECTOS DEL APRENDIZAJE COOPERATIVO Y DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS DE MODIFICACIÓN DE CONDUCTA EN ALUMNOS DE MINORÍA ÉTNICA." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v6.719.
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Abstract.EFFECTS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING AND BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION STRATEGIES IN ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS.The present work is a practical experience carried out in the first level of the first cycle of secondary education institutions. I’ve done it during the third assessment period, alter, having observed in the support classroom the presence of certain levels of inappropriate behaviour in the period between January and March (2nd term). We want to emphasize in my work the importance of the identification by the teacher and the group of students who are part of the sample of this study of perceived as maladaptive behaviour in the classroom as an essential part of the methodology of this research. This experiment was carried out with a total of 18 students of 1st ESO, 6 of whom showed inappropriate behaviour in the support classroom and ethnic minority were. Following the commitment of parents, teacher and students, it was decided to implement a behaviour modification technique which consisted of conducting cooperatively and jointly and the assessment and identification of the behaviour we thought were more frequent and harmful to the proper functioning of the classroom. From that moment, the students wrote written dailys with the dialogues that usually accompany these behaviours, after that, they performed and discussed them in class. The result of this research has been very successful because the students were involved from the outset in the experience, they had higher levels of engagement in behavioural change and the behaviors dropped within a short period of time thereby improving the academic performance of all students in the 3nd term (assessment period).Keywords: methodology; behaviuor modification; inappropiate attitudes; cooperation; special education.Resumen.El presente trabajo es una experiencia práctica llevada a cabo en el primer nivel del primer ciclo de ESO en un Instituto de Educación Secundaria. Lo hemos realizado durante la tercera evaluación, tras observar en el aula la presencia de ciertos niveles de conductas inadecuadas en el período de enero a marzo (segunda evaluación). Nosotros queremos destacar en nuestro trabajo la importancia de identificar por parte del profesor de aula y del grupo de alumnos que forman parte de la muetra de la investigación la presencia de conductas disruptivas como parte fundamental de nuestro estudio. Este estudio fue llevado a cabo con un total de 18 alumnos de primero de ESO seis de los cuales mostraban conductas desadaptadas y algunos de ellos provenían de minorías étnicas. Con el compromiso de padres, profesores y alumnos decidimos implantar una técnica de modificación de conducta que consistía en la realización de manera cooperativade un listado de las conductas disruptivas más frecuentes en el aula. Desde ese momento los alumnos también escribieron diarios con los diálogos que acompañaban dichas conductas y que impedían el desarrollo normal del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en el aula. Después de eso ellos leían y debatían estas conductas en clase. El resultado de esta investigación ha sido muy satisfactorio porque los alumnos se involucraron y motivaron con esta experiencia, modificaron sus conductas y mejoraron en un corto perido de tiempo, mejorando con ello también su rendimiento escolar en la tercera evaluación.Palabras clave: metodología, modificación de conducta, actitudes inadecuadas, cooperación y educacion especial
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Birajdar, Ganesh S., Balaraju Battu, Krishnavtar Jaiswal, and V. S. Chandrasekhar Pammi. "Modelling Social Dilemmas: A Regret-driven Neural Network Model." Studies in Microeconomics 4, no. 2 (September 16, 2016): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321022216647261.
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Marchiori and Warglien (2008 , Science, 319(5866), 1111–1113) showed that a simple regret-driven neural network model outperforms almost all competing models when predicting human choice behaviour in games with ‘unique equilibrium in mixed strategies’. Considering its effectiveness in this class of games, we scale up the model to account for strategically more important decision-making scenarios like prisoners’ dilemma (PD). The modification is based on the assumption that the trajectory of behaviour observed in a repeated PD experiment is the result of the bidirectional attraction between pareto-optimal (mutual cooperation) versus self-interested defection (mutual defection) in repeated PD game. The simulation results significantly capture the qualitative trends in behaviour over time.
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Gallagher, Robyn, and Ling Zhang. "Evaluating mobile health technologies: does the traditional randomized controlled trial serve our needs?" European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 20, no. 6 (July 16, 2021): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvab053.
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Abstract Mobile health technologies are increasingly used by cardiovascular nurses and allied health clinicians to support behaviour change and self-care in patients. Randomized controlled trials provide rigorous methodology for evaluation but progress slowly, so the technology is often outdated by completion. A helpful modification to the trial design includes identification of the behaviour intervention principles involved and concurrently track in-app usage data, allowing updates to be made. These data collected alongside user experiences enables analysis of effects on outcomes and determination of the relative influence of component parts. Cardiovascular and mental health mHealth strategies are used to exemplify these recommendations.
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Bitsika, Vicki. "“But I'm Not Really Bad”: Using an Ideographic Versus a Nomothetic Approach to Understand the Reasons for Difficult Behaviour in Children." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 13, no. 1 (July 2003): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100004763.
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The number of students who are identified as experiencing behavioural difficulties in the mainstream school setting is growing. However, current efforts by teachers to address these behavioural difficulties are seriously limited because of lack of training in the procedures for assessing and working with difficult behaviour. This paper will argue that the apparent failure of traditional “behaviour modification” in producing positive changes in difficult behaviour lies in its prescriptive application of general strategies to specific student problems. This approach to behaviour change is ineffective because it is not based on an understanding of the reasons for difficult behaviour. The functional assessment framework for investigating and understanding student difficulties will be presented as a more efficient means of changing the behaviour problems that occur in the classroom. At the foundation of this framework is the assumption that meaningful and long-term changes to difficult behaviour can only result from teaching the student to behave differently rather than focusing on the elimination of problem behaviour.
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Grajcar, A., D. Woźniak, and A. Kozłowska. "Non-Metallic Inclusions and Hot-Working Behaviour of Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Steels." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0137.
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AbstractThe work addresses the production of medium-Mn steels with an increased Al content. The special attention is focused on the identification of non-metallic inclusions and their modification using rare earth elements. The conditions of the thermomechanical treatment using the metallurgical Gleeble simulator and the semi-industrial hot rolling line were designed for steels containing 3 and 5% Mn. Hot-working conditions and controlled cooling strategies with the isothermal holding of steel at 400°C were selected. The effect of Mn content on the hot-working behaviour and microstructure of steel was addressed. The force-energetic parameters of hot rolling were determined. The identification of structural constituents was performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. The addition of rare earth elements led to the total modification of non-metallic inclusions, i.e., they replaced Mn and Al forming complex oxysulphides. The Mn content in a range between 3 and 5% does not affect the inclusion type and the hot-working behaviour. In contrast, it was found that Mn has a significant effect on a microstructure.
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Williams, Maureen A., Ian Donohue, Juliette Picard, Floriane O'Keeffe, and Celia V. Holland. "Infection with behaviour-manipulating parasites enhances bioturbation by key aquatic detritivores." Parasitology 146, no. 12 (June 10, 2019): 1528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019000635.
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AbstractThe ecological ubiquity of parasites and their potential impacts on host behaviour have led to the suggestion that parasites can act as ecosystem engineers, structuring their environment and physical habitats. Potential modification of the relationship between parasites and their hosts by climate change has important implications for how hosts interact with both their biotic and abiotic environment. Here, we show that warming and parasitic infection independently increase rates of bioturbation by a key detritivore in aquatic ecosystems (Gammarus). These findings have important implications for ecosystem structure and functioning in a warming world, as alterations to rates of bioturbation could significantly modify oxygenation penetration and nutrient cycling in benthic sediments of rivers and lakes. Our results demonstrate a need for future ecosystem management strategies to account for parasitic infection when predicting the impacts of a warming climate.
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Somo, Thabang Ronny, Thabiso Carol Maponya, Moegamat Wafeeq Davids, Mpitloane Joseph Hato, Mykhaylo Volodymyrovich Lototskyy, and Kwena Desmond Modibane. "A Comprehensive Review on Hydrogen Absorption Behaviour of Metal Alloys Prepared through Mechanical Alloying." Metals 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050562.
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Hydride-forming alloys are currently considered reliable and suitable hydrogen storage materials because of their relatively high volumetric densities, and reversible H2 absorption/desorption kinetics, with high storage capacity. Nonetheless, their practical use is obstructed by several factors, including deterioration and slow hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics resulting from the surface chemical action of gas impurities. Lately, common strategies, such as spark plasma sintering, mechanical alloying, melt spinning, surface modification and alloying with other elements have been exploited, in order to overcome kinetic barriers. Through these techniques, improvements in hydriding kinetics has been achieved, however, it is still far from that required in practical application. In this review, we provide a critical overview on the effect of mechanical alloying of various metal hydrides (MHs), ranging from binary hydrides (CaH2, MgH2, etc) to ternary hydrides (examples being Ti-Mn-N and Ca-La-Mg-based systems), that are used in solid-state hydrogen storage, while we also deliver comparative study on how the aforementioned alloy preparation techniques affect H2 absorption/desorption kinetics of different MHs. Comparisons have been made on the resultant material phases attained by mechanical alloying with those of melt spinning and spark plasma sintering techniques. The reaction mechanism, surface modification techniques and hydrogen storage properties of these various MHs were discussed in detail. We also discussed the remaining challenges and proposed some suggestions to the emerging research of MHs. Based on the findings obtained in this review, the combination of two or more compatible techniques, e.g., synthesis of metal alloy materials through mechanical alloying followed by surface modification (metal deposition, metal-metal co-deposition or fluorination), may provide better hydriding kinetics.
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Oburu, Paul Odhiambo, and Kerstin Palmérus. "Parenting stress and self-reported discipline strategies of Kenyan caregiving grandmothers." International Journal of Behavioral Development 27, no. 6 (November 2003): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000127.
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The present study examined the discipline methods used and personal and social determinants of power assertive strategies amongst 113 part-time and 128 full-time adoptive grandmothers of Kenyan children aged 1–10 years. Most of these children had been orphaned by AIDS. Evidence obtained from the study suggested that these caregivers’ employment of power assertive strategies were linked to the total stress experienced, educational attainment, and child age but not to the gender of children adopted. The results also indicated a higher prevalence of the assertive and behaviour modification strategies amongst participants over the mean age of 62 years, respondents having basic education (1–12yrs), and those dealing with transgressions of children aged 6 years and above. Coercive verbal forms of control were mainly used by younger grandmothers, or caregivers of children aged less than 6 years. The least preferred inductive strategies were employed by younger respondents, persons lacking formal education, or those dealing with children of both gender aged below 6 years. These findings suggested that the antecedents of power assertive strategies lay both within personal and contextual factors.
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Killen, Alison. "Psychosocial support for people with dementia with Lewy bodies." Nursing and Residential Care 23, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2021.23.5.3.
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Background Lewy body dementia is the second most common form of age-related neurodegenerative dementia. It has two forms: dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia. Methods There are specific core symptoms associated with dementia with Lewy bodies. Optimum care requires awareness of the features associated with these, as well as appropriate support and management strategies, which are provided in this article. Results The core features of dementia with Lewy bodies are visual hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations, Parkinsonism and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Appropriate psychosocial strategies includes psychoeducation, social support and environmental modification. Adoption of these approaches can reduce adverse outcomes. Conclusions The core features of dementia with Lewy bodies can significantly impair quality of life. Nursing and residential care staff are ideally placed to address this through the implementation of psychosocial strategies both directly, and through the provision of psychoeducation for family caregivers.
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Ajasllari, Jeta. "Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Treatment of Paediatric Patients with Chronic Renal Disease." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 6, no. 2 (November 18, 2016): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v6i2.560.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention with CBT in patients with chronic renal disease. The study findings are in the context of previous researches and existing theories. Searches were done in the professional literature related to different chronic diseases and respectively with Chronic Kidney Disease in children and adolescents. Many paediatric chronic diseases are difficult to be managed because of the limitations caused by the disease itself; consequently, some of them need to be subjected to painful and difficult medical procedures as well. Respectively, for children diagnosed with CKD life changes completely because of limitations, mainly physical ones, due to the characteristics of the disease which require constant adaption as well as development of strategies to face the disease. Their behaviours must change accordingly as part of a new life of self-care. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy is a psychological therapy, which has been investigated extensively and has been found as very effective to reduce psychological symptoms caused by the disease. This therapy integrates the modification of behaviour with the cognitive restructuring, the aim of which is to change the patient’s unhealthy behaviours through cognitive and behaviour techniques. Keywords: children; chronic kidney disease; cognitive behavioural therapy
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Magayon, Victoria C., Rebecca F. Averion, and Georgenia C. Jepa. "Supplementary values saturation program among students in the Philippines: Students’ stance and value." International Journal of Learning and Teaching 11, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v11i4.4202.
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Good morals and behaviours are acquired and developed. There are claimed that people do not uphold values become irresponsible of their time and energy. When this happens, intervention is needed. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the supplementary values saturation program on discipline and responsibility implemented to 179 Grade 7 students in Benjamin B. Esguerra Memorial National High School. Kohlberg stated a clear hierarchy of moral values and prescriptive action kind of moral education is more effective and the use of bible-based principles through reflective activities creates impact on students’ behaviour modification. Quantitatively, pre-test and post-test control research design and a validated researchers’ questionnaire with 0.92 Cronbach’s alpha at significant level of 0.05 are used to answer the following research questions: What are the students’ stance on situations anchored on discipline and responsibility? Is there a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the students? Through Paired T-test and descriptive statistics, findings are: (1) There are situations commonly apply and uphold by the respondents and (2) the computed p-value is less than the significance level alpha=0.05, hence, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. This study concludes that continues values saturation help students increase their intention to apply and uphold the virtue of discipline and responsibility. Hence, findings of this study therefore recommend conducting values saturation as one of the strategies to make students more discipline and responsibility.
Keywords: Behaviour modification, instructional design, values saturation
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Akpoviroro, Kowo Solomon, and Akinbola Olufemi Amos. "The Efficacy of Counseling in Eradicating the Problems of Entreprenuership Education." Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acta-2018-0004.
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Abstract Counselling has been identified as a key focus in addressing the mismatch between the needs of labour market and the products of the educational and training system. The objectives of the study are to examine the significant effect between Cognitive Behaviour Modification Strategies of counselling (CBMS) and awareness of Entrepreneurship education and also to investigate the effect of Counselling on Entrepreneurship Education. The Sample size consists of one hundred and sixty-five (165) employees out of the two hundred and eighty (280) employees of Centre for Entrepreneurship Studies Kwara State University Nigeria. Sample size was determined using Yard's formula. For this research, the quantitative research design was adopted. The instrument used for this research work was questionnaire. The instrument passed the following test of validity. These are: content test, criterion related test, construct test and discriminate validity. The data was analysed using manual and electronic based methods through the data preparation grid and statistical package for the social sciences, (SPSS). Linear regression analysis method and ANOVA was employed to test the hypothesis. The study found out that there was a significant effect between Counselling and Entrepreneurship Education and also CBMS significantly affects awareness of Entrepreneurship education. Based on the results of the study, the study recommends that Cognitive Behaviour Modification Strategies of counselling (CBMS) should be used to instil awareness of Entrepreneurship Education and Career counselling which emphasizes entrepreneurial should never be overlooked in any programme seeking solutions of entrepreneurship education. Suggestions for further studies and limitations of the research were also identified.
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Hassan, Khaled M., Moutaz A. Alghamdi, Wesam E. Althagafi, Salem M. Alqarni, Ammar K. Al Ramadhan, Ruqiah M. Al Darwish, Rakan R. Alanazi, et al. "Application of new modifying models and lifestyle changes and its role in providing better treatment for diabetes mellitus." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 4146. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204015.
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Diabetes is one of the main threats to human health in this century. The drastic increase in incidence of diabetes worldwide has been attributed to distinct changes in human behaviour and lifestyle during the last century. To prevent the personal and socio-economic burden of diabetes effort to prevent the disease needs to start before the onset of diabetes and address all susceptibility factors. Four recent studies have shown that prevention of type 2, diabetes is possible and that reinforced lifestyle interventions or modification can significantly reduce the onset of the disease. The studies repeatedly showed that for about 60% of the persons with increased diabetes risk, compared to a control group, the diabetes was prevented from developing. Early pharmacologic preventive strategies have yielded 25-30%. These studies have convincingly demonstrated that the primary aim in prevention of type 2 diabetes is the stabilization of glucose tolerance due to improvement of insulin resistance. Based on the studies intervention protocol focuses on achieving 5 core goals. With respect to the world wide burden of diabetes this studies offer a compelling evidence base for the important translation of the research findings into community-based prevention strategies a development of a National diabetes prevention program. The workgroup “diabetes prevention” at the German diabetes association together with the diabetes foundation developed a concept for a National program. To realize this, a large number of partners are necessary. For the population based implementation of such a program the intervention is primarily based on reinforced behaviour modification (lifestyle and physical activity). As add on the pharmaco prevention of type 2 diabetes will be from increasing importance.
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Sriram, Y. "Teamwork, Typology and Temperament." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 1, no. 1 (January 1997): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629x97001001007.
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This paper deals with a business area in the ABB Group where continuous efforts have been made to build and sustain teamwork and team spirit. It projects the efforts to use the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator™ for identifying the effect of temperament on management style. In essence, if a team is aware that a particular temperament is portrayed amongst the majority in the team, they will be enabled to work on strategies for behaviour modification. The focus will be to improve upon areas of vulnerability and further strengthen the strong areas of such a team. This process helps to build confidence amongst the team to take on new challenges.
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Davis, Jonathan, and Erik Mire. "Maternal obesity and developmental programming of neuropsychiatric disorders: An inflammatory hypothesis." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 5 (January 2021): 239821282110034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23982128211003484.
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Maternal obesity is associated with the development of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the mechanisms behind this association are not fully understood. Comparison between maternal immune activation and maternal obesity reveals similarities in associated impairments and maternal cytokine profile. Here, we present a summary of recent evidence describing how inflammatory processes contribute towards the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring of obese mothers. This includes discussion on how maternal cytokine levels, fatty acids and placental inflammation may interact with foetal neurodevelopment through changes to microglial behaviour and epigenetic modification. We also propose an exosome-mediated mechanism for the disruption of brain development under maternal obesity and discuss potential intervention strategies.
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Rahman, Roselainy Abdul, Sabariah Baharun, Yudariah Mohamad Yusof, and Sharifah Alwiah S. Abdur Rahman. "Self-Regulated Learning as the Enabling Environment to Enhance Outcome-Based Education of Undergraduate Engineering Mathematics." International Journal of Quality Assurance in Engineering and Technology Education 3, no. 2 (April 2014): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijqaete.2014040104.
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The paper discusses the results of an action research to improve teaching practice which applied the philosophy of Knowledge – Experiential – Self-regulated (KES) at the Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The teaching and learning strategies were implemented to achieve the following objectives; (i) to enhance students' mathematical competencies; (ii) to support self-regulated learning; and (iii) to improve the teaching practice of Engineering Mathematics 3 i.e. Advanced Calculus. A modification to a previously developed framework by Roselainy et al. (2012a) was performed to encourage students to adopt self-regulated learning behaviour in an active learning environment. The teaching, learning and assessment activities were aligned constructively based on the theory of Biggs & Tang (2010). Data was collected, analysed and later employed to modify the teaching and learning activities. The findings found that it is imperative for teachers to design an appropriate learning environment and apply suitable strategies in encouraging and supporting students to embrace and take charge of their own learning.
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Pervichko, E., and Y. Zinchenko. "Rosenzweig picture-frustration test modification for a study of emotion regulation strategies among the patients with stress-induced hypertension." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2115.
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IntroductionEmotion regulation (ER) efficiency dwells among the most pressing issues of contemporary psychology and psychiatry. Further development of the methods of reliable assessments for ER makes it the task of current importance.ObjectiveTo modify Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test for the study of ER in health and in disease.MethodsIn the initial stage of testing participants had to look through a succession of Rosenzweig's pictures, and select potentially traumatizing situations.In the second stage they answered the following questions:– what would you say in this particular situation?– what would you have in mind, saying this?– could you think of an answer that would taper down the traumatizing character of the situation in your own perception? (Zinchenko, Pervichko, 2014).A total of 85 patients with stress-induced hypertension (mean age was 45.9 ± 2.8) and 82 healthy subjects (mean age was 44.9 ± 3.1) took part in the study.ResultsWe came to distinguish among four classes of ER strategies: internal, cognitively non-mediated; internal, cognitively transforming; external, cognitively non-mediated; and external, cognitively transforming (Pervichko, 2015). Hypertensive patients significantly more frequently than healthy subjects reveal wider set of emotionally grave events (19.8% vs 11.2%, P < 0.001), they are more prone to rumination, disasterization (19.0% vs 11.1%, P < 0.001) and suppression in display of their emotions (31.9% vs 20.2%, P < 0.001). The patients will seldom employ the strategy of interactive subject–subject transformations; their capability to actualize new meanings in traumatic situations is diminished.ConclusionsApplication of the described modification of Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test allows to distinguish and classify various ER strategies, and to demonstrate peculiarities in ER related behaviour of hypertensive patients as opposed to healthy subjects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Mwenda, Annarita Kajuju, Consolata Kirigia, Kamweru P. K., and Lucy K. Gitonga. "Factors affecting health seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients of Imenti North sub county, Kenya." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205675.
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Background: Prevalence of non-communicable diseases like hypertension is raising hence a burden to low resource countries like Kenya. Purpose of the study was to determine factors affecting health seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients in Imenti North sub county, Kenya.Methods: A cross-sectional study design and cluster random sampling method was used to select five health facilities for study. Purposive sampling was used to select total of 212 patients from selected health facility proportionally. Spearman’s Rho correlation and bivariate logistic regression was used to check for strength of associations.Results: Patients interviewed had an average of 51 years and higher proportions were above 40 years of age. Married and female patients were (66.5%), and 60% respectively. An average of (42%) had a secondary level of education. Knowledge on lifestyle modification strategies was above average (68%).Conclusions: Health education given during hypertensive clinics had positive influence. Slow service delivery, long queues and the long waiting times for laboratory investigation results influenced patients’ health seeking behavior negatively. The study recommends the government of Kenya to develop policies on implementation of support groups among hypertensive patients in all hospitals and intensify campaigns on importance of seeking medical attention early. This will empower the patients on knowledge of hypertension management. The study also recommends health care providers to ensure reduced waiting time for the patients.
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Shi, Chaofan, Qiang Yang, Chungkun Shih, Conrad C. Labandeira, Hong Pang, and Dong Ren. "Cretaceous mantid lacewings with specialized raptorial forelegs illuminate modification of prey capture (Insecta: Neuroptera)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 1054–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa096.
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Abstract The Mantispidae (Neuroptera), commonly known as mantid lacewings or mantispids, are characterized by raptorial forelegs used by adults for predation. They have a fossil history extending to the Early Jurassic. During the past 180 Myr, the lineage has undergone significant evolutionary transformation, exhibiting an elevated diversity in morphology yet retaining the same overall ground plan. Although raptorial foreleg morphology and capture behaviour are well documented in extant insects, they are poorly known for premodern lineages, attributable to the scarcity and poor preservation of fossils. Here, we report two new genera and species of Mantispidae from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. Both taxa have highly specialized raptorial forelegs and highlight modification of capture strategy in Cretaceous Mantispidae. The foreleg of both species has one major spine that is the same length as the foretibia on the ventral surface of the forefemur, which faces the foretibia with a row of robust setae. The two new amber mantid lacewings provide structural and functional indications that represent an extinct mode of capture strategy. The new findings reveal the presence of a geochronologically rapid diversification of Mantispidae during the Early Cretaceous, thereby illuminating the varied morphologies involved in prey-capture strategies integral to the early evolution of mantispids.
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Rollins, Erin, and Jenepher Lennox Terrion. "Explorations of Self-Efficacy: Personal Narratives as Qualitative Data in the Analysis of Smoking Cessation Efforts." Journal of Smoking Cessation 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jsc.5.1.57.
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AbstractResearch has found that an individual's perceived self-efficacy, supported by goals and the acceptance of potential obstacles, has the ability to assist in behaviour modification. By examining the narratives of cardiovascular patients undergoing smoking cessation counselling, this study highlights factors that individuals communicate in their narratives regarding changes to self-efficacy throughout the process of smoking cessation. Narrative analysis is used to establish those factors that cardiovascular patients assert to be the motivating or impeding factors in their smoking cessation efforts, particularly in relation to their initial readiness to quit smoking. The study's findings illustrate the social, physical and psychological barriers and motivating factors that exist for cardiovascular patients in the process of quitting smoking. The current study supplements past research illustrating that in-hospital programs are among the most influential smoking intervention strategies because they can be tailored to each patient's specific health problems and personal and social circumstances. The study concludes that the relationship formed between patients and intervention specialists can assist in raising an individual's self-efficacy to end an addictive behaviour.
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Priya, Gagan, and Sanjay Kalra. "Mind–Body Interactions and Mindfulness Meditation in Diabetes." European Endocrinology 14, no. 1 (2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2018.14.1.35.
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Diabetes is associated with significant psychological distress. It is, therefore, important to ensure the physical and emotional as well as psychosocial wellbeing of individuals living with diabetes. Meditation-based strategies have been evaluated for their complementary role in several chronic disorders including depression, anxiety, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The practice of meditation is associated with reduction in stress and negative emotions and improvements in patient attitude, health-related behaviour and coping skills. There is increased parasympathetic activity with reduction in sympathetic vascular tone, stress hormones and inflammatory markers. Additionally, several studies evaluated the role of mindfulness-based stress reduction in diabetic individuals and demonstrated modest improvements in body weight, glycaemic control and blood pressure. Thus, mindfulness meditation-based intervention can lead to improvements across all domains of holistic care – biological, psychological and social. Though most of these studies have been of short duration and included small numbers of patients, meditation strategies can be useful adjunctive techniques to lifestyle modification and pharmacological management of diabetes and help improve patient wellbeing.
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Ocaña, J. L., Miguel Morales, J. A. Porro, M. Blasco, C. Molpeceres, D. Iordachescu, G. Gómez-Rosas, and C. Rubio-González. "Induction of Engineered Residual Stresses Fields and Associate Surface Properties Modification by Short Pulse Laser Shock Processing." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2446.
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Laser shock processing (LSP) is consolidating as an effective technology for the improvement of metallic materials surface properties involving their fatigue life. The main acknowledged advantage of the LSP technique consists on its capability of inducing a relatively deep compression residual stresses field into metallic alloy pieces allowing an improved mechanical behaviour, explicitly the life improvement of the treated specimens against wear, crack growth and stress corrosion cracking. Progress accomplished by the authors in the line of practical development of the LSP technique at an experimental level, aiming its integral assessment from an interrelated theoretical and experimental point of view, is presented in this paper. Concretely, experimental results on the residual stress profiles and associated surface properties modification successfully reached in typical materials (especially Al and Ti alloys) under different LSP irradiation conditions are presented, a correlated analysis of the residual stress profiles obtained under different irradiation strategies and the evaluation of the corresponding induced surface properties as roughness and wear resistance being also presented. Through a coupled theoretical- experimental analysis the real possibilities of the LSP technique as a possible substitutive of related traditional surface modification techniques as, for example, shot peening.
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Uzoechina, Gladys Oby, Adaeze Oguegbu, Esther Akachukwu, and Victor Chekume Nwasor. "Teachers Awareness And Usage Of Non-Violent Strategies For The Maintenance Of Discipline In Nigerian Secondary Schools: A Situational Analysis." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 11, no. 3 (July 30, 2015): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v11i3.9365.
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This study sought to determine teachers level of awareness and usage of non-violent strategies/interventions for the maintenance of discipline in secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Corporal punishment has become an unwritten sine qua non for the maintenance of school discipline - often the first thought that comes to the minds of teachers in treating acts of indiscipline and deviance. From the Nnewi Education Zone, comprising four local government areas (LGAs), 200 teachers were selected for descriptive survey out of 996 teachers. Stratified random sampling was used such that the schools were stratified into co-educational and single-sex schools, and from each randomly selected school, 10 teachers were selected. Two research questions and four null hypotheses guided this study, and questionnaire was used to collect data. The mean was used to answer the research questions and t-test for the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance. The study recommended in-service training for teachers in educational psychology, particularly behaviour modification methods, parental input and interest in school discipline as well as the cessation of corporal punishment among others.
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Sharp, Alexander R., and Kamal Islam. "Does the intrusion of an avian nest predator elicit a change in the behaviour of a canopy-nesting passerine?" Behaviour 158, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 503–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10078.
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Abstract Many studies have shown that nest predators affect their prey indirectly by inducing changes in the behaviour of the prey. Studies suggest that the type and degree of nest defence strategies depends heavily on species, along with nest type and location. One such strategy, nest vigilance, allows individuals to collect information and make informed decisions based on their surroundings. In this study, we simulated the intrusion of a common avian nest predator (blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata) into the territory of nesting cerulean warblers (Setophaga cerulea) and evaluated eight different behavioural variables to determine their response to the nest predator. Female cerulean warblers were more vigilant on their nest when exposed to a potential predator compared to a nest with lower threat of predation. Females exposed to a nest predator increased incubation bout by 109% and brooding bout by 60%. Our data also suggest that male cerulean warblers reduce their provisioning rate during the early nestling stage (−1 feeding/hour) and late nestling stage (−3 feedings/hour), although more data are needed. Modification of incubation bout length and nestling provisioning rate are common strategies employed by songbirds to reduce activity around the nest, by decreasing detection opportunities of visually-oriented nest predators. Currently, the only understanding we have on how cerulean warblers respond to a nest predator is based on observational data. The results of this study provide the first evidence that cerulean warblers are able to identify species that pose a threat to the safety of their nest, and that they modify their behaviour to reduce nest detection by predators. The results of this study provide a better understanding of a relatively unknown aspect of the breeding behaviour of this species. This study is also first to describe how an open-cup, canopy-nesting species responds to an increase in nest predation threat.
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Kearney, Brian G. "Introduction to the Special Issue on Training Psychologists and Nonpsychologists in Cognitive and Behavioural Procedures." Behaviour Change 11, no. 1 (March 1994): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005180.
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This article introduces a special collection of papers that discuss issues in training nonpsychologists and psychologists in behavioural and cognitive procedures. It is argued that while this has been a neglected issue, it is an important strategy in achieving the overall goal of the large-scale dissemination of cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT), a stated aim of the Australian Behaviour Modification Association and like organisations. It is proposed that to successfully train nonpsychologists in CBT a number of conceptual issues need to be clarified. The first concerns the nature of CBT; it is argued that CBT is not an entity in itself, but the process of applying the science of psychology to human problems. Second, CBT knowledge is a continuum, with various levels of complexity. Therefore attempts to train nonpsychologists need to consider the trainees' level of psychological knowledge in determining the goals of training. Needs for (a) a comprehensive conceptual framework to guide the training of nonpsychologists, (b) research to identify the best ways of accomplishing training, and (c) “top-down” strategies, such as changing service-system philosophies, to complement the “bottom-up” strategy of training individuals, are highlighted.
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Wareham, Nicholas J. "Epidemiological studies of physical activity and diabetes risk, and implications for diabetes preventionThis paper was originally part of the Symposium “Exercise, insulin sensitivity and diabetes—what’s new?”, which appeared in the June issue of Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, no. 4 (August 2007): 778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-032.
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The evidence linking physical inactivity to the future risk of type 2 diabetes is strong, and modification of behaviour is a critical and effective element of strategies aimed at the prevention of this increasingly prevalent disorder. Two key unresolved epidemiologic issues relate to the type of activity that is likely to be maximally effective in preventing diabetes and the amount of activity that is required. Resolution of both these issues is likely to require a change in the way activity is measured, with a move away from self-report instruments, toward objective assessment of activity and the pattern and overall level of energy expenditure. It is also unclear whether the impact of physical activity on metabolic risk is homogenous across the population. Subgroups that might respond differently could be defined on the basis of characteristics such as age, degree of obesity, family history, ethnicity, and genetic risk, but the literature on effect modification is limited by study design issues. The identification of such subgroups could aid in the targeting of preventive interventions. An appropriate balance between individually tailored approaches aimed at those at high risk and interventions aimed at trying to shift physical activity levels in entire populations remains to be determined.
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Wölfling, K. "FC03-02 - Internet addiction - the new digital disorder." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73527-1.
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Internet Addiction has become a serious health concern in Europe due to widespread currency and accessibility of various internet applications like online computer gaming, monetary driven gambling or social communities. Under the leadership of the American Psychiatric Association it has recently been proposed to subsume pathological gambling as a behavioral addiction under the new category: Addiction and Related Disorders’ acknowledging commonalities in clinical expression, aetiology and comorbidity with substance related disorders. Also, Internet addiction has been proposed as a new (research) diagnosis in DSM V. The outstanding psychological symptom patients concerned report is an irresistibly urge to be online’. This can lead to constrained behavior which entails psychobiological harm for the user and leads to an addictive behaviour (behavioural addiction). Patients show psychopathological patterns (tolerance, withdrawal, interpersonal conflict, mood modification, relapse) comparable to substance-related disorders.The talk will outline recent results of psychological research and psychiatric as well as clinical characterization of Internet Addiction. A special focus within the lecture will be on different strategies of intervention. This includes counselling of patients and their relatives as well as outpatient group treatment and individual psychotherapy of Internet Addiction. Complementary, first outcomes of the evaluation of a cognitive behavioral based outpatient therapy from the Ambulanz für Spielsucht Mainz’ will be presented.
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Steeves, Jeremy A., Dixie L. Thompson, David R. Bassett, Eugene C. Fitzhugh, and Hollie A. Raynor. "A Review of Different Behavior Modification Strategies Designed to Reduce Sedentary Screen Behaviors in Children." Journal of Obesity 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/379215.
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Previous research suggests that reducing sedentary screen behaviors may be a strategy for preventing and treating obesity in children. This systematic review describes strategies used in interventions designed to either solely target sedentary screen behaviors or multiple health behaviors, including sedentary screen behaviors. Eighteen studies were included in this paper; eight targeting sedentary screen behaviors only, and ten targeting multiple health behaviors. All studies used behavior modification strategies for reducing sedentary screen behaviors in children (aged 1–12 years). Nine studies only used behavior modification strategies, and nine studies supplemented behavior modification strategies with an electronic device to enhance sedentary screen behaviors reductions. Many interventions (50%) significantly reduced sedentary screen behaviors; however the magnitude of the significant reductions varied greatly (−0.44 to −3.1 h/day) and may have been influenced by the primary focus of the intervention, number of behavior modification strategies used, and other tools used to limit sedentary screen behaviors.
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Paiča, Inese, Kristīne Mārtinsone, and Māris Taube. "EMOTION REGULATION DIFFICULTIES IN DEPRESSION." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 7 (May 20, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol7.4850.
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Patients diagnosed with depression often experience difficulty in regulating their emotions due to non-adaptive regulatory strategies (e.g., avoidance, suppression, rumination). Adaptive emotion regulation skills (e.g., awareness, acceptance, self-support) can be trained and improved through psychological treatment. The objective of this study was to identify differences in emotion regulation skills between a clinical group of patients with depression (n=56) and a non-clinical group (n=56), adults without symptoms of depression. Methods. The study was based on socio-demographic survey and three self-report questionnaires adapted for use in Latvia: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ; Berking & Znoj, 2008) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003). Results. Compared to the non-clinical group, the clinical group presented significantly decreased scores in several scales of ERSQ: Understanding, Self-support, Tolerance, Acceptance, Modification (p<.001) and increased scores in four scales of DERS: Lack of emotional clarity, Difficulty engaging in goal-directed behaviour, Non-acceptance of emotional responses and Limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies (p<.001). Conclusions. This study helps to identify the main emotion regulation difficulties for depression patients in Latvia – the ability to understand, accept, tolerate and modify emotions.
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Neubauer, Noelannah A., Nolwenn Lapierre, Adriana Ríos-Rincón, Antonio Miguel-Cruz, Jacqueline Rousseau, and Lili Liu. "What do we know about technologies for dementia-related wandering? A scoping review." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 85, no. 3 (June 2018): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417418777530.
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Background. Occupational therapists use technologies to manage wandering-related risks to promote safety and independence among individuals with dementia living in the community. Purpose. The purpose of this review was to examine types of technologies used to manage wandering behaviour. Method. Using a modification of Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology, we systematically searched peer-reviewed and grey literature on technologies used in home or supportive care environments for persons with dementia at risk for wandering. Data from the studies were analyzed descriptively. Findings. The literature described 83 technologies. Nineteen devices were clinically tested. Interventions ranged from alarm products to mobile locator devices. Benefits included reductions in risk and caregiver burden. Implications. Occupational therapy strategies include technologies to enhance function in persons with dementia. Technologies can also reduce risks of wandering and should be affordable. Ethical issues of the use of technology must be addressed. More research is needed to increase levels of evidence.
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Almeida, Alejandro, Aida Galiano, Antonio A. Golpe, and Juan Manuel Martín Álvarez. "The Usefulness of Marketing Strategies in a Regulated Market: Evidence from the Spanish Tobacco Market." E+M Ekonomie a Management 24, no. 2 (June 2021): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2021-2-011.
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This paper outlines possible useful marketing strategies for companies to develop in a regulated market. The empirical analysis aims to highlight whether companies can use marketing strategies to create competitive advantages and scale positions in sales leadership once regulation policies are introduced. To this end, we apply two econometric approaches to sales variables for 138 best-selling cigarette brands: the Bass Model (1969) to estimate the parameters that determine the way clients adopt, and the methodology proposed by Hartigan and Wong (1979) for a further cluster analysis that groups brands. The empirical results suggest that restrictions on demand introduced to the Spanish tobacco market during the years 2005 and 2006, have generated a new scenario in which innovation parameters have no effect on the process of adoption. Therefore, the imitation coefficient is the parameter which makes discrimination between brands possible, which demonstrates the existence of heterogeneity among brands based only on recommendation. The results show the inability of direct marketing strategies to create advantages and scale positions in sales leadership after the introduction of regulation policies, however companies have other marketing options such as imitation among clients and these have proven to be effective since imitation shows heterogeneous behaviour among brands across the diffusion process. This has implications that should be taken into account in markets which are on the verge of being regulated, specifically the modification of marketing strategies if the intention is to lead and scale position in a regulated market. In particular, in the case of Spain, policymakers must acknowledge that the measures implemented in law 28/2005 have had an effect on marketing strategies by cancelling, in practical terms, the diffusion of brands based on innovation and homogenizing the diffusion process based on direct marketing.
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Vermeer, Jenny A. F., Jonathan Ient, Bostjan Markelc, Jakob Kaeppler, Lydie M. O. Barbeau, Arjan J. Groot, Ruth J. Muschel, and Marc A. Vooijs. "A lineage-tracing tool to map the fate of hypoxic tumour cells." Disease Models & Mechanisms 13, no. 7 (June 22, 2020): dmm044768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dmm.044768.
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ABSTRACTIntratumoural hypoxia is a common characteristic of malignant treatment-resistant cancers. However, hypoxia-modification strategies for the clinic remain elusive. To date, little is known on the behaviour of individual hypoxic tumour cells in their microenvironment. To explore this issue in a spatial and temporally controlled manner, we developed a genetically encoded sensor by fusing the O2-labile hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein to eGFP and a tamoxifen-regulated Cre recombinase. Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1α is degraded but, under hypoxia, the HIF-1α-GFP-Cre-ERT2 fusion protein is stabilised and in the presence of tamoxifen activates a tdTomato reporter gene that is constitutively expressed in hypoxic progeny. We visualise the random distribution of hypoxic tumour cells from hypoxic or necrotic regions and vascularised areas using immunofluorescence and intravital microscopy. Once tdTomato expression is induced, it is stable for at least 4 weeks. Using this system, we could show in vivo that the post-hypoxic cells were more proliferative than non-labelled cells. Our results demonstrate that single-cell lineage tracing of hypoxic tumour cells can allow visualisation of their behaviour in living tumours using intravital microscopy. This tool should prove valuable for the study of dissemination and treatment response of post-hypoxic tumour cells in vivo at single-cell resolution.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Ocaña, J. L., M. Morales, J. A. Porro, D. Iordachescu, M. Díaz, L. Ruiz De Lara, and C. Correa. "Mechanical Properties Enhancement of High Reliability Metallic Materials by Laser Shock Processing." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2565.
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Laser shock processing (LSP) is being increasingly applied as an effective technology for the improvement of metallic materials surface properties in different types of components as a means of enhancement of their corrosion and fatigue life behavior. As reported in previous contributions by the authors, a main effect resulting from the application of the LSP technique consists on the generation of relatively deep compression residual stresses field into metallic alloy pieces allowing an improved mechanical behaviour, explicitly the life improvement of the treated specimens against wear, crack growth and stress corrosion cracking. Additional results accomplished by the authors in the line of practical development of the LSP technique at an experimental level (aiming its integral assessment from an interrelated theoretical and experimental point of view) are presented in this paper. Concretely, follow-on experimental results on the residual stress profiles and associated surface properties modification successfully reached in typical materials (especially Al and Ti alloys) under different LSP irradiation conditions are presented along with a practical correlated analysis on the protective character of the residual stress profiles obtained under different irradiation strategies and the evaluation of the corresponding induced properties as material specific volume reduction at the surface, microhardness and wear resistance. Additional remarks on the improved character of the LSP technique over the traditional “shot peening” technique in what concerns depth of induced compressive residual stresses fields are also made through the paper.
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Finke, Birgit, Martin Polak, Frank Hempel, Karsten Schroeder, Gerold Lukowski, Wolf Dieter Müller, and Klaus Dieter Weltmann. "Electrochemical Assessment of Cu-PIII Treated Titanium Samples for Antimicrobial Surfaces." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.478.
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Titanium implant surfaces should ideally be designed to promote the attachment of target tissue cells. At the same time they should prevent bacterial adhesion, achievable through specific modification strategies. Copper could be well-suited as an antimicrobial finish, since it combines good antimicrobial properties with a certain bio-tolerance with regard to eukaryotic cells. In the present contribution, we evaluate electrochemical results of antimicrobial titanium surfaces generated by the insertion of copper. The surface was prepared via copper implantation into the titanium subsurface by means of plasma-immersion ion implantation (Cu-PIII) until a depth of about 30 nm. The amount and profile of copper ion implantation was changed by variation of the pulse length which was equivalent to the duty cycles of 0.2 % up to 90 %. Specimens containing 3 – 12 % copper (XPS) were used for electrochemical investigations with the help of the mini cell system in 0.9 % NaCl solution. The change in the shape of cyclic voltammograms demonstrated an alteration of the electrochemical behaviour. Copper oxidation peaks appeared in copper-implanted samples and their height was proportional to the copper concentration. These peaks are related to an electrochemical activity and not suppressed by the superficial titanium oxidation.
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Kukučková, Soňa, and Pavel Žiaran. "Free‑Rider Problem in Classroom Games – Impact of Gender and Intergroup Conditions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 6 (2018): 1517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866061517.
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Behavioural experiments in the field of provision of public goods (including free rider problem) help to uncover the underlying processes and forces determining the nature of economy in the public sector. The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of gender and intergroup conditions on the extent of cooperation in standard linear public goods game using the voluntary contribution mechanism. Design of the teaching experiment is based on the methodology of Špalek (2011) with some modification. There were 80 undergraduate students of business participating in the classroom game, age range 20–22 years. Students were divided into three independent groups by 26 to 27 participants. Each group was playing independently, and individual strategies were recorded. We used the nonparametric tests (Mann‑Whitney U test and Kruskal‑Wallis Test) to analyse the differences between the gender and groups. Findings do not show statistically significant difference based on gender. On the other hand, the intergroup conditions determined by the social dynamics and discussion have significant influence on the distribution of goods. Results bring strong evidence on the importance of social and political factors influencing the pro‑social behaviour in the society.
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Rastogi, Aayushi, and Umesh Kapil. "Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: An emerging Public health problem in India." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02.005.
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NAFLD was earlier believed to be the disease of adults only however in 1983, the existence of this disease was seen in paediatric population. Nearly four decades have passed since the first description of the Paediatric NAFLD (P-NAFLD), yet it is one of the areas which is given least priority in the country. The P-NAFLD is reversible and can be prevented by lifestyle and behaviour modification and hence there is a need to this review highlights the importance of P-NAFLD in the country and need for formulating strategies for prevention and control of P-NAFLD in the country. All published articles in the MEDLINE database on P-NAFLD in India were included. The important findings were summarized and critically analysed. The existing review suggests, the prevalence of P-NAFLD is uncertain in the country. NAFLD is a phenotypic product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). This review summarizes the importance of P-NAFLD in India and discusses the predisposition of these risk factors in Indian children. Further population-based studies on prevalence and incidence are required on general paediatric population to quantify the magnitude of the disease in India for better management of the condition.
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Reger-Tan, Susanne, Christian Böing, and Dagmar Führer-Sakel. "Das polyzystische Ovarsyndrom: Aktuelle Evidenz und praktische Empfehlungen." Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 15, no. 01 (February 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0891-9131.
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AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of childbearing age. Due to hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation affected women may suffer from hirsutism, androgenetic alopecia, acne, menstrual disturbance and sub-/infertility. Furthermore underlying insulin resistance promotes hyperandrogenemia, overweight and risk for diabetes. Therefore, routine evaluation of glycemic status is recommended. Treatment strategies are based on therapeutic lifestyle changes and focus on patient-important complaints. First line pharmacologic treatment for infertility in women with PCOS is letrozole. Clomiphene and metformin can be used alternatively with lower success rates. Women seeking medical advice for hyperandrogenism can be offered oral contraceptive pills with the lowest effective estrogen dose without any preference of a certain gestagen. Risk for deep vein thrombosis should be taken into account when choosing estrogen dose and type of gestagen. Antiandrogen substances such as spironolactone should only be prescribed in combination with safe contraception due to their risk of fetal undervirilisation. Additionally, substance specific risks should be considered. Baseline treatment of overweight or metabolic issues includes behaviour modification, weight reduction and physical activity. Additional benefit can be reached by combination of lifestyle changes with metformin. Studies indicate a positive effect of inositol and antidiabetic substances like liraglutide and empagliflozin but should be regarded as experimental therapies.
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Beyene, Tesfalidet, Mohammed Akibu, Henok Bekele, and Wengelawit Seyoum. "Risk factors for precancerous cervical lesion among women screened for cervical cancer in south Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e0254663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254663.
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Background Nearly 90% of deaths from cervical cancer occur in a low resource setting. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of precancerous cervical lesions ranges from 7% to 28%. Precancerous cervical lesions may progress to cervical cancer. Early screening and treatment of precancerous cervical lesions is a cost-effective way to avert the growth of cervical cancer. However, there has been limited research on risk factors for precancerous cervical lesions in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify risk factors for precancerous cervical lesions among women screened for cervical cancer in south Ethiopia. Method A facility-based unmatched case-control study was carried out in five health facilities in south Ethiopia between 8 May to 28 September 2018. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 98 cases and 197 controls. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify determinants of precancerous cervical lesions. Results Women aged 30–39 years (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.03–6.08), monthly income ≤66 (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.77–6.97), initiation of first sexual intercourse at age less than or equal to 20 (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.14–5.47), having more than one lifetime sexual partner (AOR = 4.70, 95% CI: 2.02–10.95), having a partner/ husband with more than one lifetime sexual partner (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.35–6.65) had higher odds of precancerous cervical lesions. Conclusion and recommendation Strategies to prevent precancerous cervical lesions should focus on modification of lifestyle and sexual behaviour. The findings of this study highlight several implications for policymakers: targeting older women for cervical cancer screening, addressing inequalities and education relating to risky sexual behaviour may reduce precancerous cervical lesions. Furthermore, future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the awareness of women about cervical cancer screening.