Journal articles: 'Behavioral shield'

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Morabito, Marco, Alessandro Messeri, Pascal Noti, Ana Casanueva, Alfonso Crisci, Sven Kotlarski, Simone Orlandini, et al. "An Occupational Heat–Health Warning System for Europe: The HEAT-SHIELD Platform." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 13, 2019): 2890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162890.

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Existing heat–health warning systems focus on warning vulnerable groups in order to reduce mortality. However, human health and performance are affected at much lower environmental heat strain levels than those directly associated with higher mortality. Moreover, workers are at elevated health risks when exposed to prolonged heat. This study describes the multilingual “HEAT-SHIELD occupational warning system” platform (https://heatshield.zonalab.it/) operating for Europe and developed within the framework of the HEAT-SHIELD project. This system is based on probabilistic medium-range forecasts calibrated on approximately 1800 meteorological stations in Europe and provides the ensemble forecast of the daily maximum heat stress. The platform provides a non-customized output represented by a map showing the weekly maximum probability of exceeding a specific heat stress condition, for each of the four upcoming weeks. Customized output allows the forecast of the personalized local heat-stress-risk based on workers’ physical, clothing and behavioral characteristics and the work environment (outdoors in the sun or shade), also taking into account heat acclimatization. Personal daily heat stress risk levels and behavioral suggestions (hydration and work breaks recommended) to be taken into consideration in the short term (5 days) are provided together with long-term heat risk forecasts (up to 46 days), all which are useful for planning work activities. The HEAT-SHIELD platform provides adaptation strategies for “managing” the impact of global warming.

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Sadoul, Bastien, Daniel T. Blumstein, Sébastien Alfonso, and Benjamin Geffroy. "Human protection drives the emergence of a new coping style in animals." PLOS Biology 19, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): e3001186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001186.

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Wild animals face novel environmental threats from human activities that may occur along a gradient of interactions with humans. Recent work has shown that merely living close to humans has major implications for a variety of antipredator traits and physiological responses. Here, we hypothesize that when human presence protects prey from their genuine predators (as sometimes seen in urban areas and at some tourist sites), this predator shield, followed by a process of habituation to humans, decouples commonly associated traits related to coping styles, which results in a new range of phenotypes. Such individuals are characterized by low aggressiveness and physiological stress responses, but have enhanced behavioral plasticity, boldness, and cognitive abilities. We refer to these individuals as “preactive,” because their physiological and behavioral coping style falls outside the classical proactive/reactive coping styles. While there is some support for this new coping style, formal multivariate studies are required to investigate behavioral and physiological responses to anthropogenic activities.

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Rus, Holly M., and Jitske Tiemensma. "Social media as a shield: Facebook buffers acute stress." Physiology & Behavior 185 (March 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.021.

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Eens, Marcel, Els Van Duyse, Luc Berghman, and Rianne Pinxten. "Shield Characteristics Are Testosterone-Dependent in Both Male and Female Moorhens." Hormones and Behavior 37, no. 2 (March 2000): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/hbeh.1999.1569.

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Blass, Elliott M., David J. Shide, Chris Zaw-Mon, and James Sorrentino. "Mother as shield: Differential effects of contact and nursing on pain responsivity in infant rats: Evidence for nonopioid mediation." Behavioral Neuroscience 109, no. 2 (1995): 342–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.109.2.342.

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DuRant, Sarah E., John D. Willson, and Rachel B. Carroll. "Parental Effects and Climate Change: Will Avian Incubation Behavior Shield Embryos from Increasing Environmental Temperatures?" Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 1068–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz083.

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Abstract A major driver of wildlife responses to climate change will include non-genomic effects, like those mediated through parental behavior and physiology (i.e., parental effects). Parental effects can influence lifetime reproductive success and survival, and thus population-level processes. However, the extent to which parental effects will contribute to population persistence or declines in response to climate change is not well understood. These effects may be substantial for species that exhibit extensive parental care behaviors, like birds. Environmental temperature is important in shaping avian incubation behavior, and these factors interact to determine the thermal conditions embryos are exposed to during development, and subsequently avian phenotypes and secondary sex ratios. In this article, we argue that incubation behavior may be an important mediator of avian responses to climate change, we compare incubation strategies of two species adapted to different thermal environments nesting in extreme heat, and we present a simple model that estimates changes in egg temperature based on these incubation patterns and predicted increases in maximum daily air temperature. We demonstrate that the predicted increase in air temperature by 2100 in the central USA will increase temperatures that eggs experience during afternoon off-bouts and the proportion of nests exposed to lethal temperatures. To better understand how species and local adaptations and behavioral-plasticity of incubation behavior will contribute to population responses to climate change comparisons are needed across more avian populations, species, and thermal landscapes.

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COLE, JEFFREY A., DAVID B. WEISSMAN, DAVID C. LIGHTFOOT, NORIHIRO UESHIMA, ELŻBIETA WARCHAŁOWSKA-ŚLIWA, ANNA MARYAŃSKA-NADACHOWSKA, and WILL CHATFIELD-TAYLOR. "A revision of the shield-back katydid genus Neduba (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Nedubini)." Zootaxa 4910, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 1–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4910.1.1.

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The Nearctic shield-back katydid genus Neduba is revised. Species boundaries were demarcated by molecular phylogenetic analysis, morphology, quantitative analysis of calling songs, and karyotypes. Nine previously described species are redescribed: N. carinata, N. castanea, N. convexa, N. diabolica, N. extincta, N. macneilli, N. propsti, N. sierranus, and N. steindachneri, and twelve new species are described: N. ambagiosa sp. n., N. arborea sp. n., N. cascadia sp. n., N. duplocantans sp. n., N. inversa sp. n., N. longiplutea sp. n., N. lucubrata sp. n., N. oblongata sp. n., N. prorocantans sp. n., N. radicata sp. n., N. radocantans sp. n., and N. sequoia sp. n. We chose a lectotype for N. steindachneri and transferred N. picturata from a junior synonym of N. diabolica to a junior synonym of N. steindachneri. Diversification in this relict group reflects cycles of allopatric isolation and secondary contact amidst the tumultuous, evolving geography of western North America. The taxonomy and phylogenies presented in this revision lay the groundwork for studies of speciation, biogeography, hybrid zones, and behavioral evolution. Given that one Neduba species is already extinct from human environmental disturbance, we suggest conservation priorities for the genus.

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Rodriguez, Violeta J., Antonio Chahine, Aileen de la Rosa, Tae Kyoung Lee, Nicholas V. Cristofari, Deborah L. Jones, Robert Zulu, Ndashi Chitalu, and Stephen M. Weiss. "Identifying factors associated with successful implementation and uptake of an evidence-based voluntary medical male circumcision program in Zambia: the Spear and Shield 2 Program." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 4 (May 16, 2019): 970–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz048.

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Abstract Voluntary medical male circumcision has been shown to provide a 50%–70% reduction in the risk of HIV infection without contributing to behavioral disinhibition of safer sexual practices. This study examined the interim implementation and dissemination data of Spear and Shield 2, an HIV risk-reduction program in Zambia. The purpose of this interim review was to identify contextual challenges to implementation and implement midcourse corrections associated with sustainability of program delivery. Using a mixed-methods design, quantitative evaluations of organizational functioning, barriers to implementation, burnout, and organizational readiness, as well as qualitative data utilizing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), were examined to evaluate program implementation. Participants were 184 health care providers from 46 clinics in Zambia. Successful implementation was associated with better community and leader support, and employee readiness and motivation. Quantitative assessments were not related to implementation and provided a limited picture of implementation outcomes. Results suggest that the qualitative data underlying the CFIR constructs provided a nuanced, contextual assessment of implementation, and dissemination outcomes. The CFIR may be valuable in informing the implementation of evidence-based interventions in other parts of Zambia.

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Kaufman, Erin L. "Mu-metal magnetic shield box to improve the day-to-day quality of life for vagus nerve stimulator patients." Epilepsy & Behavior 14, no. 2 (February 2009): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.11.001.

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Crowley, Camille E., and Robert D. Magrath. "Shields of offence: signalling competitive ability in the dusky moorhen, Gallinula tenebrosa." Australian Journal of Zoology 52, no. 5 (2004): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo04013.

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The 'status-signalling' hypothesis states that individuals might avoid unprofitable fights by signalling their competitive ability and assessing the signals of others. The frontal shields of rails (Aves : Rallidae) are fleshy structures that are displayed prominently during agonistic interactions. Shield maintenance probably requires elevated levels of testosterone and deposition of carotenoid pigments, which implies that shield size and colour could be honest signals of the ability or willingness to fight. We used field observations and a model experiment to study the signalling function of the red shield of the dusky moorhen, Gallinula tenebrosa. Birds with relatively larger shields were more likely to win aggressive encounters, and the outcome was apparently unaffected, or less strongly affected, by body size, weight, condition and sex. Shield size increased with body size and weight, but neither explained more than 26% of the variation in shield size, even after controlling for age and date. Shield size was not affected by body condition, as estimated from residuals of a regression of weight on body size. Moorhens confronted with a model fitted with a large shield retreated more quickly than they did when presented with the same model bearing a small shield, supporting the results from natural interactions. We conclude that the frontal shield functions as a signal during agonistic interactions, and possibly signals the ability or willingness to fight.

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Cooper, H. Kory, Garett Hunt, Nicholas Waber, and Carey Gray. "Precontact Native Copper Innovation in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Archaeology 44, no. 2 (2020): 185–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51270/44.2.185.

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Copper has figured prominently in discussions of social complexity among Northwest Coast Cultures. Coppers, shield-like sheets of copper variable in size, were a form of lineage wealth displayed, gifted, or ritually destroyed at potlatches; and copper artifacts have been recovered from human burials. The former use of copper is well-documented ethnographically and historically while the latter phenomenon is less well understood. This paper provides an overview of the occurrence of copper in precontact archaeological contexts in British Columbia using published and unpublished literature. Our investigation is framed within a Behavioral Archaeology approach that elicits ideas on copper innovation and all that it entailed. We find that copper is rare in precontact contexts from a province-wide perspective; there was likely more than one instance of native copper innovation; and contrary to previous suggestions, the copper-rich Dene region of south-central Alaska and southwestern Yukon cannot account for most of the precontact examples of copper use in the province. We offer some hypotheses to explain the precontact distribution of copper in BC, including both local invention and diffusion, not in an attempt to deliver the final verdict on this topic, but rather, to stimulate additional research.

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Nogueira-de-Sá, Flávia, and José Roberto Trigo. "Faecal shield of the tortoise beetle Plagiometriona aff. flavescens (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) as chemically mediated defence against predators." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 2 (February 16, 2005): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404002147.

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Larvae of Plagiometriona aff. flavescens carry a structure on their back made of faeces and exuviae, called faecal shield, which may protect larvae against natural enemies. Previous investigations suggested that the nature of such protection was chemical. To test if chemicals found in the faecal shield of Plagiometriona aff. flavescens provided defence for larvae, experiments in the field and in the laboratory (using the ant Camponotus crassus, and chicks Gallus gallus as model predators) were undertaken. Both field and laboratory experiments showed that live larvae with faecal shields, as well as baits treated with faecal shield extracts, were rejected by predators, confirming the chemical nature of this kind of defence.

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BABAEIAN, ESMAEIL, HAMED GHOBARI, and KYUMARS MOHAMMADI SAMANI. "Redescription of Ololaelaps tasmanicus (Womersley, 1956) and description of a new species of Ololaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Iran." Zootaxa 4629, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4629.3.3.

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Ololaelaps tasmanicus (Womersley, 1956) is redescribed from the holotype female and two additional female specimens from Australia. Ololaelaps elongatus Babaeian sp. nov. is described and illustrated from specimens from soil in Western Iran. The new species can be distinguished from the other congeners by four diagnostic morphological character states: (1) dorsal shield setae moderately long; (2) sternal shield elongate, almost reaching to level of mid-coxa IV, and fused with endopodals III–IV posterolaterally; (3) peritrematal shield posteriorly fused to exopodal shields IV, and free from genitiventrianal shield; (4) genitiventrianal shield with four pairs of pre-anal setae, Zv2 and Jv3 off shield. Additional notes on the holotype of Ololaelaps obovata (Womersley, 1960) and a key to the identification of species of Ololaelaps occurring in Iran are also presented. O. paratasmanicus Ryke, 1962 is considered as junior synonym of O. tasmanicus.

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Agrawal, Shyam Sunder, Sumeet Gullaiya, Vishal Dubey, Varun Singh, Ashok Kumar, Ashish Nagar, and Poonam Tiwari. "Neurodegenerative Shielding by Curcumin and Its Derivatives on Brain Lesions Induced by 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson's Disease in Albino Wistar Rats." Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2012 (August 15, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/942981.

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Study was undertaken to evaluate the neurodegenerative defending potential of curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) on 6-hydroxydopamine-(6-OHDA) induced Parkinsonism model in rats. Curcuminoids were administered (60 mg/kg, body weight, per oral) for three weeks followed by unilateral injection of 6-OHDA on 22nd day (10 μg/2 μL) into the right striatum leading to extensive loss of dopaminergic cells. The behavioral observations, biochemical markers, quantification of dopamine (DA), DOPAC, and HVA followed by dopamine (D2) receptor binding assay and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, using immunohistochemistry) were evaluated using HPLC after three weeks of lesion. Pretreated animals showed significant protection against neuronal degeneration compared to lesion animals by normalizing the deranged levels of biomarkers and showed the potency in the order CUR > DMC > BDMC. The same order of effectiveness was observed in D2 receptors binding assay and TH immunohistochemistry study. We conclude that curcuminoids appear to shield progressive neuronal degeneration from increased oxidative attack in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats through its free radical scavenging mechanism, and DA, DOPAC, and HVA enhancing capabilities in the sequence of efficacy CUR > DMC > BDMC. Further, curcuminoids may have potential utility in treatment of many more oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative disorders.

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Trach, V. "A New Species of Mites of the Genus Anystipalpus (Mesostigmata, Ascidae) from the Eastern Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): e-28-e-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-012-0005-1.

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A New Species of Mites of the Genus Anystipalpus (Mesostigmata, Ascidae) from the Eastern Ukraine Anystipalpus stepposus Trach, sp. n. from Lugansk Region associated with carabid beetles is described. The new species is similar to A. livshitsi (Eidelberg, 1989), differing by the arrangement of short and thickened setae on the podonotal shield, presence of large presternal shields, shape and sclerotization of the sternal shield, shape of some setae on legs and venter of idiosoma, details of structure of the chelicerae.

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PEDROSO, LUIZ GUSTAVO A., and FABIO AKASHI HERNANDES. "Two new feather mite species of the family Analgidae (Acariformes: Analgoidea) from the Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis (Müller, 1776 (Passeriformes: Passerellidae)." Zootaxa 4461, no. 2 (August 21, 2018): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4461.2.4.

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Two new feather mite species of the family Analgidae are described from the Rufous-collared Sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis (Müller, 1776) (Passeriformes: Passerellidae), from Brazil: Analges ticotico sp. nov. (Analginae) and Strelkoviacarus brasiliensis sp. nov. (Anomalginae). Analges ticotico sp. nov. is characterized by the heteromorphic males having three short and rounded spines on the inner margin of femur III, the anterior margin of adanal shield convex, the hysteronotal shield with the anterior margin sinuous, and the terminal lamella rectangular. Strelkoviacarus brasiliensis sp. nov. is characterized by the anterior ends of the adanal shields being convergent and encompassing the bases of setae ps3 in males, and by the strongly convex median extension of the prodorsal shield and short dorsal setae vi, c2, d2 and e2 in females. These species represent the first records of corresponding feather mite genera in Brazil.

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LOFEGO, ANTONIO C., and REINALDO J. F. FERES. "A new genus and species of tarsonemid mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from Brazil." Zootaxa 1299, no. 1 (August 21, 2006): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1299.1.3.

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Biscutulumnemus neotropicus gen. nov., sp. nov. (Tarsonemidae: Tarsoneminae: Tarsonemini) is described from adult female and male mites, collected on Croton floribundus Spreng., from São José do Rio Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil. This new genus resembles members of Dendroptus and Tarsonemus, but male mites have two triangular shields anterolaterally to the prodorsal shield and the sejugal apodeme is absent. In addition, Biscutulumnemus differs from Dendroptus by the presence of femoral seta l’’ and tibial solenidion φ1 and the presence of a vestigial apodeme I onfemale mites. Unlike Tarsonemus, Biscutulumnemus has a beaklike gnathosomal capsule, a round flange on leg IV of male mites, and stigmata very close to v1 on the prodorsal shield of female mites.

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Constantinescu, Ioana Cristina, Gabriel Bogdan Chișamera, Daniel R. Gustafsson, Fasheng Zou, Xingzhi Chu, and Costică Adam. "Two new species of the feather mite genus Pteroherpus Gaud, 1981 (Analgoidea, Pteronyssidae) from China." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 1851–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.10.5.

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Two new pteronyssid feather mite species are described from passeriform birds in China: Pteroherpus pomatorhinae sp. nov. from the Streak-breasted Scimitar-babbler Pomatorhinus ruficollis Hodgson (Passeriformes, Timaliidae), and Pteroherpus chinensis sp. nov. from the Collared Finchbill Spizixos semitorques Swinhoe (Passeriformes, Pycnonotidae). Pteroherpus pomatorhinae sp. nov. belongs to the diploplax species group. The males of Pteroherpus pomatorhinae sp. nov. have the prodorsal shield elongated, the opisthosoma narrowed to posterior end, the opisthosomal lobes slightly elongated, and two pairs of small additional sclerites (one dorsally, between prodorsal and hysteronotal shield, and one ventrally posterior to genital apparatus). The females of Pteroherpus pomatorhinae sp. nov. have a pair of anterior hysteronotal sclerites, a central sclerite, a pair of lateral opisthosomal sclerites partially split into lateral and inner fragments and a pair of pygidial sclerites. The central sclerite has almost parallel lateral margins and concave posterior margin, and the posterior ends of the fragments of opisthosomal shields are connected by a thick bridge. Pteroherpus chinensis sp. nov. belongs to the hoplophorus species group. The males of Pteroherpus chinensis sp. nov. have prodorsal shield slightly longer than wide, the opisthosoma moderately narrowed to posterior end, the opisthosomal lobes wide and short and the adanal shield with irregular form. The females of Pteroherpus chinensis sp. nov. have the anterior hysteronotal sclerite fused with the prodorsal shield into a complex shield, a central sclerite, a pair of lateral opisthosomal sclerites and a pair of pygidial sclerites. The central sclerite is well delimited, and shaped as a longitudinal plate, slightly narrower posteriorly, with slightly convex anterior margin, concave lateral margins, and strongly convex posterior end.

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Doğan, Salih, Sibel Doğan, and Meryem Bingül Türk. "A new species of the genus Prostigmaeus Kuznetzov (Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) from Turkey." Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 1075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.6.10.

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A new species of the genus Prostigmaeus Kuznetzov (Stigmaeidae), P. amplius sp. nov. collected from soil, grassy soil and litter samples from Turkey, is described and illustrated. This species can be distinguished by having apodemal marking, one pair of extra and non-setose dorsal platelets, having humeral shields, suranal shield entire and genual setal formula 5(+1κ)-5(+1κ)-2-2. Comparison of the chaetotaxy and some morphological features of Prostigmaeus species are provided as tabular data, and an updated key to the species is presented here.

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Hernandes, Fabio Akashi. "Microspalax atlanticus sp. nov. (Acariformes: Alloptidae), the first feather mite from a procellariiform bird in Brazil (Aves: Procellariiformes)." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.3.7.

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A new feather mite species of the genus Microspalax Mégnin & Trouessart, 1884 (Alloptidae: Microspalacinae) is described from the Atlantic petrel, Pterodroma incerta (Schlegel, 1863), in Brazil. Males of M. atlanticus sp. nov. differ from M. pterodromae Dubinin, 1949 mostly by the wider opisthogastric shields and setae ps3 inserted at posterior third of that shield. This is the first representative of the genus described from Brazil, and the first feather mite described from a procellariiform bird in the country. A key to males of Microspalax species is presented.

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Akther, Salma, and Al Mamun. "Motivating Factors of Investors to Involve in Supply Chain Management Practices: A Study on Ready Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh." Journal of Business and Economics 9, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/10.09.2018/004.

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The export-oriented clothing industry in Bangladesh, commonly known as ready made garment (RMG) occupies an inimitable position in the economy of Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to examine the intent of investors/manufacturers of Bangladeshi RMG to engage in supply chain management practices. Bangladeshi garment industry is the leading export earner as well as main sources of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for Bangladesh over the decade. Development of the garment industry in Bangladesh was driven by the structural economic reforms of the 1980s, which opened the Bangladeshi economy towards foreign investment, deregulation of markets and privatization. Nowadays Bangladesh is well known across the globe for its vigorous success in the arena of readymade garment industry. On time deliverance, short lead time and desired quality product determines the criteria to gain the orders from international buyers. Thus, involve in supply chain management practices (SCMP) treated as compulsory requirement for these industries. To discover the absolute motive of RMG Investors/Manufacturers, the descriptive study was associated on 10 companies that are presently practiced SCM activities in Bangladesh. Standard questionnaires were utilized to accumulate the data. Research result showed 14 variables of Investor/Manufacturer motives are comprised in SCMP. Each variable was interconnected in nature. Four fundamental motivational factors stand as operational, economical, environmental & ethical, and social & behavioral. Shield motives of Investors/ Manufacturers can easily have recognized by these factors. This will assist the respective authority to control the RMG companies and acknowledged the forthcoming action steps to advance the supply chain management (SCM)system of this industry at Bangladesh. Rank order data interpretation represented that environmental motive and ethical motive are strong portent of Investor/Manufacturer motives to incorporate in Supply Chain Management practices.

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Odnoral, Oleg Igorevich. "Social networks as an instrument of PSYOP in foreign policy: challenge for the national security." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 1 (January 2021): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2021.1.33428.

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The object of this research is the process of creating political discourse, setting the “agenda” via social media as foreign policy instrument and a threat to national security of the country. The article explores the role of the online platform in shaping public opinion and discourse in political interests. The subject of this research is the social media (social networks, video and image hosting services, blogs, etc.) Particular attention is given to structurization of the concept of social media, social networks as the instruments that form social reality and affect public opinion. Emphasis is placed on the technical aspects of the types of social networks, control, thereof. Comparative analysis is conducted on the practice of using Internet resources in China, and experience of creating the Golden Shield Project. The scientific novelty of consists in the cross-scientific analysis on the basis of the interpretive pattern of social constructionism, what distinguishes this work from the vast majority of similar research of dedicated to the use of social media as an instrument of political technologies and PSYOP. Being a cross-scientific analysis at the intersection of IT (information technology), international relations (political science), and social psychology, the study leans on the theoretical concepts of political realism and neorealism, psychological constructivism and behavioral psychology. The author underlines the importance of comprehensive approach towards leveling the potential threats of using social media as an instrument of PSYOP. First and foremost, it pertains to the development of a coherent all-encompassing system with ideological and value foundation for creating the discourse. The article describes the relevant approaches towards the “sovereign Internet"; carries out comparative analysis of the Chinese experience and Russian ineffective initiatives, such as blocking separately resources, shortage of public-private partnership in the IT sector (by analogy with the extremely successful experience of China in this sphere). The author offers a general frame of possible steps on ensuring national security in the online platform of social media.

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RIBEIRO-JÚNIOR, MARCO ANTÔNIO. "A new species of Alopoglossus lizard (Squamata, Alopoglossidae) from the Southern Guiana Shield, northeastern Amazonia, with remarks on diagnostic characters to the genus." Zootaxa 4422, no. 1 (May 22, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4422.1.2.

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I describe a new species of Alopoglossus from the Southern Guiana Shield in northern Brazilian Amazonia. The new species morphologically resembles A. angulatus in having scales on sides of neck similar in shape to dorsals, nongranular, keeled, and imbricate. Nonetheless, the presence of four pairs of chin shields, with the third pair heptagonal and separated from gulars by large scales, can distinguish the new species from A. angulatus. This description increases the species diversity of the genus Alopoglossus in eastern Amazonia, from where only one taxon was recognized to occur. In addition, I discuss the nomenclature of some diagnostic characters, on the chin region, to the genus, and I present an updated key to Alopoglossus.

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WANG, ZI-YING, and JIN-JUN WANG. "A new species of feather mite: Timalinyssus Mironov, 2001 (Astigmata: Pteronyssidae) from Garrulax canorus canorus (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Timaliidae) in China." Zootaxa 1962, no. 1 (December 12, 2008): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1962.1.4.

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Many regard the Pteronyssidae as a subfamily of Avenzoariidae Oudemans, 1905, but Mironov (2001) recently recognized the group as a family, based on the unique character of a ventral membrane on tarsi I, and other distinguishing features of the Pteronyssinae Oudemans, 1941 (vide: Gaud & Atyeo 1996) and the specificity their host associations. To date, 140 species in 23 genera are described (Mironov 2001, 2005). The genus Timalinyssus was established by Mironov (2001) to accommodate two species collected from babblers (Passeriformes: Timaliidae). It is closely related to Mouchetia Gaud but differs in the following characters: prodorsal shield is fused with the scapular shields, c2 setiform and short in both sexes; tarsi III are cone-like with acute apex in male; opisthosomal lobes are long and separated by narrow terminal cleft in female (Gaud & Atyeo 1996; Mironov 2001).

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Rastegar-Pouyani, Nasrullah, and Göran Nilson. "A New Species of Eremias (Sauria: Lacertidae) from Fars Province, South-Central Iran." Russian Journal of Herpetology 4, no. 2 (October 15, 2011): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-1997-4-2-94-101.

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A new species of the lacertid genus and subgenus Eremias is described based on material collected by the senior author from 150 km northeast of Shiraz, Fars province, south-central Iran at about 1800 m elevation. It differs from all other Iranian species of the typical subgenus (E. persica, E. strauchi, E. velox, and E. lalezharica) in that it has a very distinctive and unique color pattern, unmistakable in this character: the wide dorsolateral stripe is uniformly black without light spots and there is no ocelli on the upper surface of limbs; the third pair of submaxillary shields are separated by 4 granular scales; and the tympanic shield is rudimentary and almost absent. The new species is sympatric with Eremias persica and apparently restricted in distribution to the steppes and open plains in the northern regions of Fars province, south-central Iran.

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MAKAROVA, OLGA L. "North Pacific versus North Atlantic: a case with species of the amphiboreal littoral mite genus Thalassogamasus gen. nov. (Parasitifomes, Mesostigmata, Parasitidae)." Zootaxa 4647, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 457–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4647.1.29.

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A new amphiboreal gamasid mite genus, Thalassogamasus gen. n. is described, characterised by two distinct dorsal shields (opisthonotum hypotrichous, usually with ten pairs of setae); peritrematal shield reduced and posteriorly free; setae al1, al2 on palp genu and al on palp femur entire; dorsal chaetome homogenous; opisthosoma laterocaudally hypertrichous; in female, epigynium whip-like anteriorly, endogynium with two thick sclerotic masss; in male, tritosternum fully lost, hypostome deeply cleft, cheliceral arthrodial membrane fringelike. The new genus includes T. sidortschukae sp. nov. (Chukotka and Okhotsk coast), T. kurilensis sp. nov. (Kuril Islands) and T. lindrothi (Sellnick, 1974) (Iceland) comb. nov. The female of T. lindrothi (Sellnick, 1974) is considered conspecific with the male of Parasitus (Neogamasus) anderssoni Sellnick, 1974, comb. nov., syn. nov. All three Thalassogamasus species are seaside dwellers, inhabiting sandy beaches, salt marshes, and seaweed accumulations. Keys to the species (females and males) are presented. Peculiar morphological aspects of the dorsal shields, peritremes, and leg tarsi of the new genus are discussed. For another littoral species of Parasitidae, Parasitus kempersi Oudemans, 1902, a new combination is established, Phorytocarpais kempersi (Oudemans, 1902) comb. nov. Three littoral species of Uropoda (Phaulodinychus) Berlese, 1903 are first recorded from Russia: U. (P.) japanorepleta Hiramatsu, 1980 (northern and eastern Chukotka, Magadan Region, Kuril Islands), U. (P.) maritima Hiramatsu, 1977, and U. (P.) marihirschmanni Hiramatsu, 1977 (Kuril Islands).

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Cho. "The study on the effect of fracture zone and its orientation on the behavior of shield TBM cable tunnel." Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 16, no. 4 (2014): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2014.16.4.403.

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VAN DER LINDEN, SANDER. "The future of behavioral insights: on the importance of socially situated nudges." Behavioural Public Policy 2, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2018.22.

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AbstractSocially minded nudges are the more sociable cousin of regular nudges: they reveal important information about other people's behavior, raise normative expectations about what is desirable, can be shared and transmitted online or offline and leverage social incentives and sanctions that regulate individual and group behavior. In this article, I argue that many of the most successful nudges – that is, nudges that have been well replicated, offer positive spill-over and whose effects last over time – have in fact been social nudges. Moreover, the efficacy of other nudges can be enhanced by considering the social dimension of the problem that they are trying to address. In asking where behavioral science should go next, I argue that although the Behavioural Insights Team has traditionally shied away from addressing more complex and sticky societal issues, socially situated nudges are particularly well suited to address many of the important challenges raised by Sanders et al. (2018).

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KONTSCHÁN, JENŐ, and STEFAN FRIEDRICH. "Contribution to the Uropodina mites of Peru (Acari: Mesostigmata)." Zootaxa 4237, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.9.

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Soil dwelling Uropodina mites were collected from a primary lowland rainforest in Amazonian Peru. The species found belong to three different families. A new diagnosis and the type genus of Tetrasejaspidae fam. nov. are given, and the family is recorded from Peru for the first time on the basis of Tetrasejaspis sellnicki Hirschmann, 1973. Two rotundabaloghid mites were collected (Rotundabaloghia (Circobaloghia) magna Hirschmann, 1992 and Rotundabaloghia (Circobaloghia) iquitosensis Hirschmann, 1992), both already reported from Peru. A new species (Origmatrachys peruensis sp. nov.) from the family Trachyuropodidae was collected in large numbers from soil, and is described on the basis of females, males, nymphs and larvae. This is the first description of the protonymphs and larvae of Origmatrachys. The new species differs from the previously described ones in the basis of sculptural pattern of dorsal, ventral, sternal shields and the length of the setae in the central part of the dorsal shield. A new key to the known adults and deutonymphs of Origmatrachys is given.

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Kabir, K. M. Ariful, and Jun Tanimoto. "Evolutionary game theory modelling to represent the behavioural dynamics of economic shutdowns and shield immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 9 (September 2020): 201095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201095.

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The unprecedented global spread of COVID-19 has prompted dramatic public-health measures like strict stay-at-home orders and economic shutdowns. Some governments have resisted such measures in the hope that naturally acquired shield immunity could slow the spread of the virus. In the absence of empirical data about the effectiveness of these measures, policymakers must turn to epidemiological modelling to evaluate options for responding to the pandemic. This paper combines compartmental epidemiological models with the concept of behavioural dynamics from evolutionary game theory (EGT). This innovation allows us to model how compliance with an economic lockdown might wane over time, as individuals weigh the risk of infection against the certainty of the economic cost of staying at home. Governments can, however, increase spending on social programmes to mitigate the cost of a shutdown. Numerical analysis of our model suggests that emergency-relief funds spent at the individual level are effective in reducing the duration and overall economic cost of a pandemic. We also find that shield immunity takes hold in a population most easily when a lockdown is enacted with relatively low costs to the individual. Our qualitative analysis of a complex model provides evidence that the effects of shield immunity and economic shutdowns are complementary, such that governments should pursue them in tandem.

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31

Farjamfar, Mahsa, Alireza Saboori, Jamasb Nozari, and Vahid Hosseininaveh. "Morphometric analysis in different geographical populations of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) associated with Apis mellifera colonies in Iran." Systematic and Applied Acarology 23, no. 10 (October 5, 2018): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.10.4.

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Varroa destructor is a major ectoparasitic mite which feeds on the western honey bee, Apis mellifera hemolymph. Morphometric analysis of V. destructor in Iran was performed in order to detect differences within some populations of the species. Totally, 145 female mites were collected from A. mellifera colonies in different geographical regions in Iran and Europe (Spain and France). Eight morphological variables were measured: 1) length of dorsal shield (LDS), 2) width of dorsal shield (WDS), 3) length of genital shield (LGS), 4) width of genital shield (WGS), 5) length of metapodal shield (LMS), 6) width of metapodal shield (WMS), 7) length of anal shield (LAS) and 8) width of the anal shield (WAS). The ratios of LDS/WDS, WDS/LDS, LGS/WGS and LAS/WAS were also calculated. Multivariate analyses demonstrated significant differences in means of body length (LDS) and body width (WDS) between populations. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis with pair group method, five morphological groups were established. PCA analyses were also shown one morphotype, A3, between samples. Collectively, our findings suggest a wide phenotypic plasticity within the populations of Varroa mite in Iran.

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32

Haug, Carolin, and Joachim T. Haug. "Defensive enrolment in mantis shrimp larvae (Malacostraca: Stomatopoda)." Contributions to Zoology 83, no. 3 (June 6, 2014): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08303003.

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We describe a possible new defensive behaviour of larval stages of mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda). Mantis shrimp larvae are rarely observed in nature, thus the study is based on postures of museum material and functional morphological aspects. Specimens described here are tightly enrolled, their pleon is bent forward, and the telson is locked into the frontal margin of the shield. This margin has two lobes into which the two posterolateral spines of the telson fit. The shield shows further adaptions to enrolment; e.g., the ventral gape of the shield perfectly matches the width of the pleon and leaves no major gaps when the pleon is bent forward. Based on these observations, we briefly discuss the possibilities to infer behavioural aspects from functional morphological aspects. Enrolment in modern day organisms is primarily known from terrestrial arthropods, e.g., pill bugs and pill millipedes, but in the Palaeozoic it was mainly performed by marine organisms such as trilobites, agnostines and their relatives. Stomatopod larvae that appear to be able to perform enrolling in a marine environment are therefore a potential functional equivalent for better understanding the functional aspects of enrolment in extinct marine arthropods.

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Kontschán, Jenő, and Sergey G. Ermilov. "Two new species of the genus Bloszykiella (Acari: Uropodidae) from the Afrotropical region." Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 1915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.10.14.

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Two new Bloszykiella species are discovered and described from the Afrotropical realm. Bloszykiella rammsteini sp. nov. (from Zimbabwe) differs from its congeners in the sculptural pattern of the dorsal shield, the strongly sclerotized U-shaped grooves on the dorsal shield and pilose dorsal setae. Bloszykiella lindemanni sp. nov. (from Rwanda) differs from the other species in the shape of the sternal setae, setae on the apical margin of the pygidial shield and the sculptural pattern of the female genital shield.

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34

Neff, Margaret R., and Donald A. Jackson. "Regional-scale patterns in community concordance: testing the roles of historical biogeography versus contemporary abiotic controls in determining stream community composition." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 8 (August 2013): 1141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0497.

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The determinants of a local-scale biological community can include both abiotic and biotic factors acting at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Previous studies have shown that the Precambrian Shield, a broad-scale geological feature, has distinct abiotic conditions and aquatic communities in lotic systems as compared with systems off-Shield. The relative importance of historical biogeography and postglacial colonization in Ontario versus the role of contemporary abiotic conditions has been debated in determining fish community composition. In this study, we sampled fish and macroinvertebrate community data from south-central Ontario streams to examine the degree of community concordance between fishes and macroinvertebrates and to determine the main abiotic drivers for this biological distinction between Shield and off-Shield areas. This study shows that low-order lotic systems on the Shield differ both abiotically and biotically from adjacent off-Shield systems and that similar abiotic drivers are responsible for structuring both groups of taxa. However, water chemistry and land-use variables are the most important in structuring macroinvertebrate communities, whereas physical habitat plays a larger role for fish communities.

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35

Sikora, Mateusz, Sören von Bülow, Florian E. C. Blanc, Michael Gecht, Roberto Covino, and Gerhard Hummer. "Computational epitope map of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e1008790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008790.

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The primary immunological target of COVID-19 vaccines is the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. S is exposed on the viral surface and mediates viral entry into the host cell. To identify possible antibody binding sites, we performed multi-microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of a 4.1 million atom system containing a patch of viral membrane with four full-length, fully glycosylated and palmitoylated S proteins. By mapping steric accessibility, structural rigidity, sequence conservation, and generic antibody binding signatures, we recover known epitopes on S and reveal promising epitope candidates for structure-based vaccine design. We find that the extensive and inherently flexible glycan coat shields a surface area larger than expected from static structures, highlighting the importance of structural dynamics. The protective glycan shield and the high flexibility of its hinges give the stalk overall low epitope scores. Our computational epitope-mapping procedure is general and should thus prove useful for other viral envelope proteins whose structures have been characterized.

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Catenazzi, Alessandro. "Ecological implications of metabolic compensation at low temperatures in salamanders." PeerJ 4 (May 24, 2016): e2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2072.

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Global warming is influencing the biology of the world’s biota. Temperature increases are occurring at a faster pace than that experienced by organisms in their evolutionary histories, limiting the organisms’ response to new conditions. Mechanistic models that include physiological traits can help predict species’ responses to warming. Changes in metabolism at high temperatures are often examined; yet many species are behaviorally shielded from high temperatures. Salamanders generally favor cold temperatures and are one of few groups of metazoans to be most species-rich in temperate regions. I examined variation in body temperature, behavioral activity, and temperature dependence of resting heart rate, used as a proxy for standard metabolic rate, in fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra). Over 26 years, I found that salamanders are behaviorally active at temperatures as low as 1 °C, and aestivate at temperatures above 16 °C. Infrared thermography indicates limited thermoregulation opportunities for these nocturnal amphibians. Temperature affects resting heart rate, causing metabolic depression above 11 °C, and metabolic compensation below 8 °C: heart rate at 3 °C is 224% the expected heart rate. Thus, salamanders operating at low temperatures during periods of peak behavioral activity are able to maintain a higher metabolic rate than the rate expected in absence of compensation. This compensatory mechanism has important ecological implications, because it increases estimated seasonal heart rates. Increased heart rate, and thus metabolism, will require higher caloric intake for field-active salamanders. Thus, it is important to consider a species performance breadth over the entire temperature range, and particularly low temperatures that are ecologically relevant for cold tolerant species such as salamanders.

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Holovachov, Oleksandr, Oleksandr Holovachov, Natalia Fadeeva, Oleksandr Holovachov, Natalia Fadeeva, Irma Tandingan De Ley, Oleksandr Holovachov, et al. "Revision and phylogeny of Tarvaia Allgén, 1934 (Nematoda: Tarvaiidae)." Nematology 14, no. 6 (2012): 677–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854112x627255.

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Descriptions of eight new and three known species of Tarvaia are given. Tarvaia pacifica sp. n. has cephalic capsule reaching posterior part of short amphids, amphidial shield without ornamentation, straight vagina with pars refringens vaginae, slightly asymmetrical spicules, gubernaculum with two dorsal apophyses, precloacal ridge present; T. algicola sp. n. has cephalic capsule with unevenly thickened walls reaching posterior part of short amphids, amphidial shield without ornamentation, straight vagina, apophyses absent, precloacal ridge present; T. carolinensis sp. n. has cephalic capsule reaching posterior part of short amphids, amphidial shield with ornamentation, sigmoid vagina, gubernaculum with a dorsal apophysis; T. longispiculata sp. n. has elongated cephalic capsule reaching posterior part of elongate amphids, amphidial shield without ornamentation, sigmoid vagina, unusually long spicules, gubernaculum with dorsal apophysis, precloacal ridge present; T. inaequalis sp. n. has short cephalic capsule reaching anterior third of elongate amphids, amphidial shield with ornamentation, straight vagina, strongly anisometric spicules, gubernaculum with caudal apophysis, precloacal ridge present; T. sakhalinensis sp. n. has short cephalic capsule reaching middle of short amphids, amphidial shield with distinct pores, symmetrical spicules, apophyses absent; T. tchesunovi sp. n. has cephalic capsule with unevenly thickened walls reaching posterior part of short amphids, amphidial shield without ornamentation, symmetrical spicules, apophyses absent; and T. ricordensis sp. n. has cephalic capsule reaching posterior part of short amphids, amphidial shield without ornamentation, straight vagina, symmetrical spicules, gubernaculum with dorsal apophyses. Updated descriptions of T. donsi, T. cladara and T. gerlachi are provided. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA suggests a close relationship between Tarvaia and Desmoscolecida.

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Vari, Richard P., and Carl J. Ferraris. "Fishes of the Guiana Shield." Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 17, no. 1 (September 2009): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0097-0298-17.1.8.

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39

Fouquet, Antoine, Mael Dewynter, Philippe Gaucher, Michel Blanc, Christian Marty, Miguel T. Rodrigues, and Raffael Ernst. "New records and geographic distribution map of Adenomera heyeri Boistel, de Massary and Angulo, 2006 (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." Check List 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.5.601.

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Here we report new distributional data for Adenomera heyeri, a recently described species of the lowlands of the Guiana Shield. We compiled available and new occurrence data as well as the absence of records from field surveys that were undertaken in the Guiana Shield in order to evaluate the actual range of the species. We confirm that A. heyeri is potentially distributed over most forested part of the northern Guiana Shield lowlands. The pattern of distribution also reveals valuable information on the ecology of the species.

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MORAZA, MARÍA L. "New data on the genus Uroseius Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Trachytidae) with a redescription of U. sorrentinus (Lombardini, 1952)." Zootaxa 4717, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4717.1.4.

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Uroseius sorrentinus is redescribed based on nymphal instars and adults of both sexes from a cave in Southern Spain. New observations of the ontogeny of setae, glands and lyrifissures on the idiosoma and legs are provided, allowing for the clarification and expansion of the diagnostic characters of the genus UroseiusThe female of this species is distinguished from other Uroseius species by its: rounded idiosoma, with prominent anteriorly knobbed vertex; medial dorsal shield with approximately 26 pairs of short, brush-like setae; pigmented soft cuticle at posterior margin of dorsal shield with one pair of long setae; genital shield with spine-like anterior process with anterior half covered by soft sternal cuticle; and 15–20 pairs of feathered ventral setae of heterogeneous length. Males are distinguished by their: femora, genu and tibia with seta av modified as spurs; and tarsus II with two enlarged, spine-like setae. Deutonymphs are distinguished by their: dorsal shield not covering vertical and dorsolateral regions; presternal transverse sclerite present; sternal shield entire; sternal region with three pairs of conspicuous gland openings; and ventrianal shield with 8–10 pairs of setae. A key to the species of deutonymphs of Uroseius is given..

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41

Beck, Grant M., Rina Limor, Vairam Arunachalam, and Patrick R. Wheeler. "The Effect of Changes in Decision Aid Bias on Learning: Evidence of Functional Fixation." Journal of Information Systems 28, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-50608.

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ABSTRACT Building on prior accounting research (Luft and Shields 2001; Dearman and Shields 2005), this study examines the effects of observable decision aid bias on decision aid agreement and task performance accuracy. Using a behavioral experiment, this study manipulates decision aid bias to assess the impact of a change in the level of decision aid bias on the degree to which decision makers' decisions agree with decision aid suggestions (i.e., decision aid agreement) and to which they learn to effectively adjust their decisions (i.e., task performance accuracy). Results indicate that learning subsequent to an observable change in decision aid bias is diminished, consistent with fixation on the previous aid's bias. JEL Classifications: D8; D83; M4

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LINDQUIST, EVERT E., and EKATERINA A. SIDORCHUK. "A new species of Podapolipus (Acari: Heterostigmata: Podapolipidae) from an Australian gryllacridid cricket (Orthoptera), with keys to orthopteran-associated species of the genus." Zootaxa 4647, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4647.1.11.

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A new species of the ectoparasitic mite genus Podapolipus Rovelli & Grassi, 1888 from a recently described species of the raspy cricket genus Chauliogryllacris Rentz, in Rentz and John,1990 (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) is described. The main distinctions of Podapolipus gryllacridi n. sp. from its described congeners from orthopterans are the larval female and adult male having all dorsal and ventral idiosomatic setae, except the greatly elongated pair of scapular setae (and the caudal setae of the larval female), reduced to the size of microsetae; the larval female having separate tergites C and D; the male having an entire prodorsal shield, with apex of the aedeagus between bases of setae v1; and the adult female having smooth dorsal shields. Novel biological features of this parasite include its adult females’ dwelling in the hollow sternal apodemes of their host, and its larval females using their host’s other parasite, a gamasine mite, as phoretic and facultative hyperparasitic hosts. Keys are presented for the larval females and adult males of Podapolipus species associated with orthopterans. Problems with the generic concept of Podapolipus and closely related genera are reviewed. This is the first record of a podapolipid associated with orthopterans of the family Gryllacrididae.

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KRANTZ, G. W. "Presumed species synonymy in the genus Allogynaspis Krantz, 2018 (Acari: Macrochelidae)." Zootaxa 4613, no. 1 (June 4, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4613.1.13.

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Macrocheles bolivari Iavorschi, 1987, in a volume of invited papers on hypogean invertebrate fauna collected primarily in Venezuela in 1982 during the first Romanian/Venezuelan Biospeleogical Expedition. The volume, “Hypogean and hemiedaphic fauna from Venezuela and other countries of South America. 1” was recently brought to my attention by Bruce Halliday, who recognised the similarity between Iavorschi’s M. bolivari and Allogynaspis flechtmanni Krantz, 2018, recently described from Brazil. Although some important opisthosomatic and gnathosomatic details were omitted from Iavorschi’s description, the nature of the epigynal and dorsal shields (Iavorschi 1987, Figs 1A, B), along with the unusual fixed cheliceral digit dentition (Iavorschi 1987, Fig. 1C), leave little doubt that Macrocheles bolivari is a species of Allogynaspis. However, there are discrepancies between the descriptions of M. bolivari and A. flechtmanni, such that final verification of species synonymy may only be possible if type specimens of these two entities can be compared. Of special significance here are differences in sternal shield morphology and ornamentation (Krantz 2018, Fig. 2; Iavorschi 1987, Fig. 1A), and omission of any mention in Iavorschi’s description of greatly enlarged setae on tarsus IV as described for A. flechtmanni (Krantz 2018, Fig. 6).

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Paktinat-Saeij, Saeid, Mansoureh Ahaniazad, Mohammad Bagheri, and Mohammad Reza Damavandian. "A new species of the genus Adamystis Cunliffe (Acari: Trombidiformes: Adamystidae) from Iran, with a key to the world species." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.1.10.

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A new species, Adamystis saboorii sp. nov. (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Adamystidae) is described based on adult females from Maragheh city, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. The new species can be distinguished from other species by the following features: three pairs of adoral setae; chelicera with two setae; idiosoma with reticulated dorsal shield; lateral lens-like structures absent, three pairs of aggenital setae (ag1–3) on divided coxisternal shield and two setae (ag4–5) on a large reticulated shield. Also, an identification key to known species of Adamystis is updated.

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BOCHKOV, ANDRE V., and JURGEN C. OTTO. "Five new species of predaceous cheyletid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Cheyletidae)." Zootaxa 2727, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2727.1.1.

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Five new species and 1 new genus of predaceous cheyletid mites (Acari: Cheyletidae) are described. Oconnoricheylus gen. nov. (type species O. speciosus sp. nov.) differs from Alliea in both sexes by the presence of 4 setae on tibia II and in males by the palpal claws possessing elongated projections, an apically slightly serrate eupathidium ul’ and comb-like eupathidia acm and sul. Oconnoricheylus speciosus sp. nov. (from oranges, USA) differs from O. chimaera (Bochkov & Ochoa) comb. nov. (transferred from Alliea) by the presence of 2 filiform setae on tibia II, the distinct ornamentation of the dorsal shields, and by the absence of angles on the leg tarsal claws. Cheletomimus crowei sp. nov. (from avocado, New Zealand) differs from C. filipina Corpuz-Raros and C. notelaeae Gerson by smooth filiform setae dF of the palpal femur, smooth idiosomal setae c2, the presence of setae ps3, setae se located off the propodonotal plate, bases of setae e1 located almost at the same level with bases of e2, and by the propodonotal shield in the shape of an inverted trapezium. Chelacheles thomasi sp. nov. (from oranges, Australia) differs from C. stigmaeoides Barilo by the absence of setae c4, short and serrate rod-like setae c2 (about 40 long), and by the presence of 2 setae on femur III. Chelacheles indra sp. nov. (from beetles Sinoxylon crassum, India) differs from C. baiwanganae Corpuz-Raros by the absence of setae f1, by setae h1 being slightly shorter than other hysteronotal setae. Bak indonesiensis sp. nov. (from undetermined beetle, Indonesia) differs from B. elongatus Patxot & Goff and B. faini Corpuz-Raros by the presence of 1 seta (l’) on genu III, the slightly clavate dorsal setae of the idiosoma, setae e1 being subequal in shape and sizes to their anterior hysteronotal setae, and by the presence of a pair of distinct lateral teeth on the rostral shield.

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Cho. "Analysis on the behavior of shield TBM cable tunnel: The effect of the distance of backfill grout injection from the end of skin plate." Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 16, no. 2 (2014): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2014.16.2.213.

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47

Ismail, Tarek G. "Effect of geographic location and sexual dimorphism on shield shape of the Red Sea hermit crab Clibanarius signatus using the geometric morphometric approach." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 7 (July 2018): 667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0050.

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The hermit crab Clibanarius signatus Heller, 1861 inhabits varied intertidal habitats of the Red Sea coast, such as rocky shores and mangrove littoral salt marshes. Shield-shape variation among three populations of C. signatus was analyzed with geometric morphometric methods. Shape variation was studied through multivariate analyses using configurations aligned by the generalized Procrustes analysis. Shape variation was explored through principal component analysis. The ordination of the populations and the sexes was investigated using discriminant analysis of canonical variables. Centroid size, as a measure of overall size, was used to estimate size variation among the three populations and the sexes. The results revealed the presence of shield-size variation among the three populations and confirmed the size sexual dimorphism in two populations. Moreover, the analysis revealed the occurrence of two morphotypes based on a covariation between shield shape and shape of occupied shells. The geographic distance was not a good predictor of shield shape. Cross-validation analyses correctly reclassified more than 70% of individuals and 66% of sexes to their correct group. It was suggested that association in shield-shell shape could be the result of the phenotypic plasticity of this species.

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Constantinescu, Ioana Cristina, Oana Paula Popa, Luis Ovidiu Popa, Ioana Cobzaru, Mukhim D. Khlur B., and Costică Adam. "A new feather mite species of the genus Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899 (Acarina, Trouessartiidae) – an integrative description (morphology and DNA barcoding data)." ZooKeys 789 (October 10, 2018): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.789.27829.

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A new species of the feather mite genusTrouessartia(Trouessartiidae) is described from the Large NiltavaNiltavagrandis(Blyth) (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae) in Northeast India (Meghalaya, Jaintia Hills, Shnongrim village).TrouessartianiltavaeConstantinescu,sp. n.is morphologically closely related (no phylogenetic meaning) toT.bulligeraGaud, 1968 fromClytorhynchushamlini(Mayr) (Passeriformes: Monarchidae), sharing in males a unique character within the genus, by having setaeeon legs IV hemispheroid, with spine-shaped apex. Males of the new species have the prodorsal shield without ornamentation, the prohysteronotal shield and lobar shield connected, and the terminal cleft parallel sided. Females have the posterior half of the hysteronotal shield ornamented with large ovate lacunae in central area and small elliptical lacunae marginally. To the morphological description of this new feather mite species we added sequence data on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene fragment (COI). The phylogenetic relationships betweenTrouessartiaspecies are briefly discussed.

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Halliday, RB. "Mites of the Macrocheles muscaedomesticae group in Australia (Acarina : Macrochelidae)." Invertebrate Systematics 3, no. 4 (1989): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9890407.

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The group of species related to Macrocheles muscaedomesticae includes six species in Australia: M. feehani, sp, nov., M. kappa, sp, nov., M. muscaedomesticae (Scopoli), M. novaezelandiae Emberson, M. paralius, sp. nov., M. similis Krantz & Filipponi. The females of these species are described or re-described and keyed, and descriptions are given of most of the previously unknown males and juveniles. The species are united by the pattern of ornamentation of the sternal shield of the female, a combination of smooth and pilose dorsal setae, and the presence of a holoventral shield in the male. M. similis is shown to reproduce by thelytokous parthenogenesis, and this property, like the presence of 29 pairs of setae on the dorsal shield, is shown to have appeared more than once in the genus Macrocheles.

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LI, DONG-DONG, TIAN-CI YI, and DAO-CHAO JIN. "Morphological changes in Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Zootaxa 4857, no. 1 (September 28, 2020): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4857.1.5.

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This paper deals with the detailed morphological observation of larva, protonymph and deutonymph, as well as female and male adults of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) based on laboratory reared specimens. The main changes are as follows: larva with one dorsal shield, while protonymph with two, which fused into a holodorsal shield in deutonymph; 9 pairs of dorsal setae in larvae, 14 pairs in protonymph, and 19 pairs in deutonymph and adult; the immature stages without discernible ventrianal shield, though hypoplastic shield, a weakly sclerotized small plate around the anal pore, present in the protonymph and deutonymph. larva and protonymph each with seven pairs of ventral setae, while deutonymph and adult each with 12 pairs; movable digit with one or two teeth in larva, three teeth in protonymph, deutonymph or adult. The development of morphological traits in ontogenesis of N. californicus could provide helpful basis to identify it practically from its relatives.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Behavioral shield'

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