Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Behavioral Risk Factors Surveys'
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Mao, Limin. "Gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney : cultural, social and cognitive factors associated with sex practices /." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20030303.112942/index.html.
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Azeredo, Catarina Machado. "Características individuais e contextuais associadas ao bullying entre escolares no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-23092015-142247/.
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O bullying escolar é um importante problema de saúde pública que vem sendo extensivamente estudado em países de alta renda. Nos países de baixa e média renda, características individuais e contextuais associadas ao bullying são pouco conhecidas. A presente tese é composta por três estudos. O estudo 1 objetivou realizar revisão sistemática sobre fatores contextuais associados ao bullying escolar. A busca utilizou as bases de dados MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Web of Knowledge e SciELO. Trinta e um estudos foram incluídos. Resultados sugerem associação entre maior desigualdade de renda em classes, escolas e países e maior risco de bullying. A relação entre tamanho da classe e da escola com bullying foi inconclusiva; escolas sem normas anti-bullying, com menor apoio e pior gestão da classe pelo professor tiveram maior risco de bullying. O estudo 2 visou identificar características individuais e contextuais associadas ao bullying verbal na escola, entre adolescentes brasileiros. Utilizou-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) 2009, com estudantes do 9º ano escolar. Realizou-se modelos de regressão logística multinível para identificar associações com variáveis de três níveis (indivíduo, escolas, cidades). A prevalência de bullying verbal em adolescentes brasileiros foi 14,2%. Somente 1,8% e 0,3% da variância do bullying verbal ocorreu nos níveis de escola e capital, respectivamente. Nenhuma característica das cidades se associou ao bullying. Escolas privadas apresentaram mais bullying que escolas públicas. Desigualdade de renda não se associou ao bullying. Meninos, os mais jovens, os que não moravam com pai e mãe, os expostos à violência doméstica, os com baixo peso ou sobrepeso sofreram mais bullying. O estudo 3 objetivou identificar padrões de comportamento relacionados a saúde, incluindo bullying, entre adolescentes brasileiros. Utilizou-se dados da segunda edição da PeNSE, coletados em 2012. Realizou-se análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, além de regressão linear para descrever características socio-demográficas associadas a cada padrão. Identificou-se três padrões de comportamento: o padrão \"comportamento problema\", compreendeu comportamento agressivo (incluindo bullying), consumo de álcool, cigarro e drogas e sexo não seguro; o padrão \"comprometedor da saúde\" incluiu indicadores de alimentação não saudável e comportamento sedentário; e o padrão \"promotor da saúde\" incluiu indicadores de alimentação saudável e atividade física. Os padrões \"comportamento problema\" e \"comprometedor da saúde\" se associaram aos mais velhos e aos residentes em regiões mais desenvolvidas, sendo o primeiro associado a escolas públicas e ao sexo masculino, enquanto o segundo ao sexo feminino. O padrão \"promotor da saúde\" se associou ao sexo masculino e aqueles com mães com maior nível educacional. Concluiuse que contextos de desigualdade parecem mais propícios à ocorrência de bullying de acordo com a revisão. Entretanto, dados do Brasil não corroboram essa hipótese para bullying verbal. Ambiente escolar com adoção de regras anti-bullying e professores mais solidários devem ser estimulados. As características das escolas e cidades estudadas explicaram pouco o bullying verbal. Características individuais sugerem sub-grupos de maior risco, podendo subsidiar políticas anti-bullying. Perpetrar bullying compôs o padrão de \"comportamento problema\", indicando que as intervenções devem ser mais amplas e direcionadas a múltiplos comportamentosSchool bullying is an important public health problem, which has been extensively studied among high-income countries. In low- middle-income countries, there is a lack of information about associations between both individual-level and contextual-level characteristics with bullying. The aim of Study 1 was to carry out a systematic review of contextual factors associated with school bullying. Searches were performed in MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Web of Knowledge and SciELO. 31 studies were included. Results suggested that greater income inequality in schools, classes and countries is associated with increased risk of bullying. The influence of class and school size on bullying was inconclusive; schools without anti-bullying rules, with less support and poorer classroom management by the teacher had a higher risk of bullying. The aim of study 2 was to identify individual and contextual characteristics associated with verbal bullying, among Brazilian adolescents. We used data from the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE 2009) on students in 9th grade. We performed multilevel logistic regression models to identify associations with variables from three levels (individual, school, city). The prevalence of verbal bullying among Brazilian adolescents was 14.2%. Only 1.8% and 0.3% of the bullying variance occurred at school and capital levels, respectively. No city characteristic was associated with bullying. Private schools showed more bullying than public. Income inequality was not associated with bullying in Brazil. Boys, those of younger age, those not living with both parents, those exposed to domestic violence, those underweight or overweight suffered more bullying. The aim of Study 3 was to identify health-related behavior patterns, including bullying, among Brazilian adolescents. We used data from the second edition of PeNSE, carried out in 2012. We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to identify behavior patterns, and linear regression models to describe sociodemographic characteristics associated with each pattern. We identified three behavior patterns; the problem-behavior pattern, which comprised aggressive behavior (including bullying), alcohol drinking, smoking, drugs use and unsafe sex; the health-compromising pattern, which included unhealthy diet indicators and sedentary behavior; and the health-enhancing pattern, which included healthy diet indicators and physical activity. The problembehavior and health-compromising patterns were associated with older age and from more developed regions. The former was associated with male gender and attending public school, while the latter was associated with female gender and more educated mothers. The health-enhancing pattern was associated with male gender and more educated mothers. In conclusion, the review suggested that bullying is more likely to occur in unequal contexts, but we could not confirm this hypothesis for verbal bullying in the Brazilian setting. Schools should be encouraged to adopt anti-bullying rules and to train teachers in bullying prevention. Among Brazilian adolescents the school and city variables explained litle of verbal bullying victimization. Individual characteristics indicated high risk sub-groups, which could be used to support anti-bullying policies. Bullying perpetration comprised part of the problem behavior pattern, suggesting that interventions should be more broaden
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Serrano, Triana Christian Felipe <1990>. "Behavioral factors that trigger Systemic Risk." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6938.
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Since the last financial crisis many new approaches have emerged in an attempt to explain it. Nevertheless, little has been said about the co-evolution of systemic risk and market behavior. A brief introduction to both theories will conduct through a better understanding of the patterns behind the crisis. A comparison between some systemic risk measures and the sentiment experienced by the market give raise to a statistical relationship.
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Finley, Patrick L. "The impact of social marketing on a web-based behavioral risk factor surveillance survey." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1553.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Public and Community Health. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Costello, Sadie Cash. "Environmental, behavioral and familial risk factors for Parkinson's disease." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679291501&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Holt, Nicole, Shimin Zheng, Jodi L. Southerland, Yan Cao, Deborah L. Slawson, and Lori Paisley. "Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity in Tennessee Using the 2010 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) Data: a Multilevel Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/100.
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Introduction: Childhood obesity has more than quadrupled in the last 30 years, with the prevalence in adolescents aged 12-17 years increasing from 5% in 1980 to 21% in 2012. The purpose of this study was to estimate the extent to which childhood obesity in Tennessee is associated with between-context differences (districts, schools and classes) and to identify factors at the district, school, class, and individual level that influence the individual weight status among 64,790 Tennessee children and adolescents. Methods: Crosssectional data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) conducted in Tennessee (2010) were used to conduct multilevel analyses that account for the nesting of students in classes, classes in schools and schools in districts. The outcome variable was childhood obesity (>95th percentile). Explanatory variables included district-level factors (the proportion of children wearing seat belts or helmets in district and the proportion of being asked to show proof of age), school-level factors (current tobacco use in school, and HIV/AIDS education in school), class-level factors (the average of smoking days in past 30 days and the proportion of ever having exercised to lose weight in class) and individual-level factors (state geographical regions, age, gender, grade, ever ridden in a car driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol, ever carried a weapon, made a plan to kill yourself, ever used or early onset use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, exercised to control weight, school day television time, days of physical education (PE) classes. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results: Multilevel analyses indicate that 0.90%, 0.08%, and 0.45% of the variation in obesity is associated with class, school and district differences, respectively. Male middle schoolers were at greater risk for obesity [OR: 1.82, C.I. (1.75, 1.89)] compared to females. For every one year increase in age, the relative odds of obesity increased by 11% (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.88-0.91). Students with worse grades were more likely to have obesity [OR: 1.33, C.I. (1.13, 1.56)]. Students who watched TV 3 hours or more per day were more likely to be obese [OR: 1.31, C.I. (1.23, 1.40)] compared to those who did less than 3 hours per day. Similarly students who ever tried cigarettes were more likely to be obese [OR: 2.15, C.I. (1.62, 2.85)] compared to those students who did not. Students who reported wearing seat belts [OR: 0.05, C.I. (0.02, 0.16)] were less likely to be obese. Conclusions: This study highlights a number of modifiable factors on multiple levels associated with child and adolescent obesity in the state of Tennessee. The results emphasize the importance of targeting programs beyond individual adolescent factors to the child’s classes, schools, and school districts, to reduce the prevalence of obesity among Tennessee adolescents.
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Pérez-Bonaventura, Iris. "Overweight in preschool children: behavioral problems and early risk factors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385210.
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El sobrepès en la infància s’ha convertit en un problema de salut pública ja que està relacionat amb importants comorbiditats mèdiques i cada cop nens més petits tenen sobrepès. Objectius: Examinar de manera transversal i longitudinal les associacions entre problemes de conducta i el sobrepès, i identificar els factors de risc pel sobrepès. Mètode: Una mostra comunitària de n=622 nens de 3 anys va ser seguida fins als 5 anys, registrant anualment l’altura, el pes i la psicopatologia. Els següents instruments van ser administrats als pares: el Qüestionari de Fortaleses i Dificultats, l’Entrevista Diagnostica per Nens i Adolescents i l’Entrevista de Factors de Risc. L’anàlisi del pes i l’altura va considerar l’índex de massa corporal (IMC) i el sobrepès definit segons els estàndards de l’Organització Mundial de la Salut. Els anàlisis estadístics van incloure els models generals lineals i regressions binaries logístiques. Resultats: Els nens que tenien sobrepès i un IMC més elevat, tenien més risc de tenir problemes amb els companys i símptomes del trastorn de dèficit d’atenció amb hiperactivitat (TDAH). L’anàlisi longitudinal va mostrar que un major IMC als 3 anys era predictiu de puntuacions més elevades en la dimensió problemes amb els companys als 4 i 5 anys i majors puntuacions en la dimensió d’hiperactivitat i TDAH als 4 anys. Addicionalment, els resultats van mostrar dos factors de risc pel sobrepès i l’IMC en l’etapa preescolar: nivell socioeconòmic baix i major pes al néixer. Conclusions: Aquest estudi és el primer, que usant un instrument psicològic de diagnòstic, mostra una relació entre el IMC/sobrepès i el TDAH en preescolars. Els nens que tenen sobrepès, ja des de ben petits, podrien beneficiar-se del cribratge per problemes de conducta i problemes de relació amb els companys. A més, la identificació en una etapa primerenca dels nens amb un major risc de tenir sobrepès ofereix el potencial per l’elaboració de programes de prevenció de sobrepès.Childhood overweight is a public health concern that poses serious threats to children’s health and is being found at ever younger ages. Objectives: To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between behavioral problems and weight status, and to identify risk factors in early life for overweight in preschoolers. Methods: A community sample of n=622 three-year-olds was followed until the age of 5, their height and weight and psychopathology were registered annually. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, and the Schedule of Risk Factors were administered to their parents. Weight status considered body mass index (BMI) and overweight status defined by World Health Organization standards. Statistical analysis included general linear models and binary logistic regressions. Results: Children who were overweight and had a higher BMI were at increased risk of having peer problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Prospective analyses showed that a higher BMI at the age of 3 years was predictive of higher scores in the peer problems dimension at ages 4 and 5 years and higher scores in the hyperactivity dimension and ADHD symptoms at the age of 4 years. Furthermore, two strong risk factors for overweight and a higher z-BMI in the preschool years were a family’s low socioeconomic status and high birth-weight. Conclusions: This is the first study using a psychological diagnostic-based instrument that shows a relationship between weight status and ADHD symptoms in preschoolers. Overweight children might benefit from screening for behavioral disorders and peer relationship problems. Moreover, identification in early life of groups of children at higher risk of becoming overweight offers the potential for early prevention programs.
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O'Leary, Suzanne R. "Are behavioral factors associated with a woman's risk of endometriosis? /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9834971.
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Nicholas, Rena A. "Workstyle intervention for the prevention of work-related upper extremity problems : a randomized controlled trial /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Nicholas2005.pdf.
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Ogbu, Chukweumeka, Sheryl Strasser, Casey Morrell, Nicole Holt, and Shimin Zheng. "Association Between Physical Fighting and Risk Factors in Middle School Students in Tennessee: Data from the 2013 Tennessee Youth Risk Behavior Survey." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/116.
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Lancaster, Gillian. "The use of socio-economic indices in assessing risk factors for ill-health." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246129.
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Alamian, Arsham. "Multiple Behavioral Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases and Public Health Implications." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1382.
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Lusk-Edwards, Scarlett. "HIV/AIDS and Behavioral Risk Factors Among Former Texas Prison Inmates." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7554.
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As of the end of 2010, .9% (20,093) of the inmate population under the care of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons and 1.7% (2,394) of the inmate population under the care of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice were living with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to analyze the relationships between HIV/AIDS status and former inmate demographic characteristics, intravenous drug use (IDU), and social support networks. The behavior models of importation and deprivation formed the theoretical frameworks used to explore the relationship between HIV/AIDS and behavioral risk factors for released Texas prison inmates. Fifty former prison inmates in Texas were recruited through Prison Talk, an online prison and family support community, and asked to complete a 57-item web-based survey on demographic characteristics, IDU, and social support networks. Spearman correlation and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to test potential relationships between risk factors. A significant negative correlation was found between African American race and HIV infection (rs = -.31, p < .05). A significant positive correlation was found between IDU and HIV infection (rs = .49, p < .001). Logistic regression analysis confirmed IDU as a significant predictor of HIV infection (B = 3.99, OR = 54.33, p < .05); access to or a desire for social support were not found to be significant predictors of HIV infection. Decreasing IDU among former prison inmates was shown to be an important step in HIV/AIDS prevention. Findings from the study can provide policy makers, legislators, prison administrators, educators, and researchers with insight into the factors that contribute to the prevalence of HIV/AIDS, possibly leading to positive social change by reducing the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among former prison inmates and their partners.
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Chen, Anran. "The impact of behavioral factors on annuitisation decisions and decumulation strategies." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18195/.
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The ongoing shift from Defined Benefit (DB) pension plans to Defined Contribution (DC) pension plans in private sectors has transferred investment risk and longevity risk from pension providers to individuals. Professional advice on how to best generate retirement incomes from accumulated pension savings is therefore in great demand. A common solution is buying an immediate annuity; however the immediate annuity market has long been experiencing low demand. Another solution is following a safe drawdown rate during retirement; however this exposes retirees to the risk of outliving their pension savings. In recent years, behavioral factors have been successful in explaining individuals’ decision-making process, this thesis is therefore devoted to the investigation of the low demand of immediate annuities by considering behavioral models; and the use of annuity products in optimal decumulation strategy designs. This thesis has two major contributions. First, both Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) and Hyperbolic discount model can explain the low demand of immediate annuities and suggest that people would be willing to purchase deferred annuities. This has laid a research foundation for introducing and promoting the deferred annuity product. Second, we provide an optimal partial annuitisation strategy involving deferred annuities in a utility maximisation decumulation plan. In the proposed strategy the retirement period is divided into two stages: a stage where pensioners use their savings to cover their living expenses and a second stage where a payment stream from deferred annuities is available. This strategy effectively helps retirees manage the longevity risk at advanced ages and turns the drawdown plan from accumulated savings into an easier decision than before – because of a fixed rather than unknown drawdown period.
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Leopold, Gregory. "Using Risk Factors to Predict Drug Use in a College Population." TopSCHOLAR®, 1988. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2526.
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The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the model that the greater number of risk factors experienced by an individual, the greater the drug use. A series of questionnaires including a parental nurturance scale, the PRIDE College Drug Use Prevalence Questionnaire, a delinquency scale, the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale, a modification of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and the Johns Hopkins Symptom Checklist were administered to 235 college students. The series of questionnaires measured ten risk factors used in the study that included high perceived distance from parents, early tobacco use, low religiosity, low academic motivation, sensation seeking, stressful life events, psychological distress, peer drug use, parental drug use, and disregard for rules. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients indicated relationships of r=.33 between number of risk factors and marijuana use to r=.48 between number of risk factors and beer use. Regression analyses indicated that sensation seeking and peer drug use accounted for the most variance in drug use. The relationships provide evidence for the predictive utility of the model in predicting those individuals at risk for drug use. Implications for further research are discussed.
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Di, Leo Ivana. "Examining age-and sex-related risk factors in first-time driving while impaired offenders." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119449.
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Background: Driving while impaired (DWI) research has focused on younger males, the drivers who are at greatest risk for DWI. Consequently, much less is known about female and older offenders. Quebec population data demonstrate a bimodal distribution in first-time driving while impaired (fDWI) offences, a pattern also observed internationally. Male fDWI offending peaks between the ages of 18 to 25 years with a second smaller peak between 35 to 44 years. In contrast, females fDWI offending peaks between the ages of 36 to 47 years with a smaller peak between 20 to 27 years. These observations suggest that the trajectory to fDWI offending is influenced by interactions between sex and age. Research suggests that male DWI offending reflects impulsivity and risk-taking while female DWI offending reflects problematic drinking related to psychosocial stressors and symptoms of psychopathology. The heterogeneity among DWI offenders suggests that an approach involving examination of risk factors between subgroups rather than comparing offenders to non-DWI control group is more appropriate. This study adds to the literature by using a subgroup analysis design to compare fDWI offenders based on age and sex. Aims: To explore how sex and age may interact to influence the trajectory to fDWI through patterning of alcohol consumption, psychological adjustment and impulsivity. Methods: Younger and older males and females arrested for a fDWI offence within the past two years were recruited. Participants were administered a series of questionnaires assessing alcohol consumption, symptoms of psychopathology, and impulsivity. Two computer tasks assessing risk-taking were also administered. Results: Thirty-six participants were recruited: younger females (n = 9, Mage = 23.22 years, SD = 2.22), younger males (n = 12, Mage = 21.67 years, SD = 2.43), older males (n = 12, Mage = 40.08 years, SD = 6.31), older females (n = 3, Mage = 43.67 years, SD = 2.08). In partial support of hypotheses, results indicated that younger females engaged in more binge drinking, endorsed greater symptoms of alcohol misuse, and scored higher on urgency impulsivity than both younger and older males. No significant findings were observed between older females and all other groups.Conclusion: fDWI offending among younger females appear to be related to binge drinking and emotion-related impulsivity as compared to males. Younger females appear to be different than male offenders of all ages. These findings suggest that female fDWI is not analogous to male fDWI, a postulate that may need to be considered for targeting intervention/prevention efforts at female fDWI offenders.Contexte: La recherche sur la conduite avec capacités affaiblies (CCA) a principalement été effectuée sur les jeunes hommes, les conducteurs ayant le plus haut risque de CCA, ce qui fait en sorte que nous avons peu de connaissances sur les femmes contrevenantes et les contrevenants âgés en général. Les données sur la population québécoise démontrent une distribution bimodale quant à l'âge lors des premières infractions de CCA, une tendance qui s'observe aussi au niveau international. Les premières infractions de CCA chez les hommes atteignent leur sommet entre 18 et 25 ans, puis un second pic est observé entre 35 et 44 ans. Au contraire, les premières infractions de CCA chez les femmes atteignent leur sommet entre 36 et 47 ans tandis qu'un pic moins élevé est observé entre 20 et 27 ans. Ces observations laissent supposer que la trajectoire vers la première infraction de CCA est influencée par des interactions entre le sexe et l'âge. La recherche sur le sujet suggère que la CCA chez les hommes serait associée à l'impulsivité et à la prise de risque tandis que la CCA chez les femmes serait plutôt associée à une consommation d'alcool problématique liée à des stresseurs psychosociaux et des symptômes de psychopathologie. Objectifs : Cette étude préliminaire explore comment le sexe et l'âge peuvent interagir pour influencer la trajectoire vers une première infraction de CCA en fonction des patterns de consommation d'alcool, de l'ajustement psychologique et de l'impulsivité. Méthodes: Nous avons recruté des contrevenants primaires de la CCA ayant commis leur infraction au cours des deux dernières années. Nous leurs avons administré une série de questionnaires portant sur la consommation d'alcool, les symptômes de psychopathologie et l'impulsivité. Deux tâches à l'ordinateur sur la prise de risque ont aussi été administrées. Résultats: Nous avons recruté trente-six participants: jeunes femmes (n = 9, âge moyen = 23.22, É.T. = 2.22), jeunes hommes (n = 12, âge moyen = 21.67, É.T. = 2.43), hommes plus âgés (n = 12, âge moyen = 40.08, É.T. = 6.31), femmes plus âgées (n = 3, âge moyen = 43.67, É.T. = 2.08). Les résultats indiquent que les jeunes femmes présentaient plus d'épisodes de consommation excessive d'alcool, davantage de symptômes de consommation d'alcool problématique et obtenaient des scores plus élevés à la sous-échelle d'urgence de l'échelle d'impulsivité que les hommes jeunes et plus âgés, ce qui soutient en partie les hypothèses de départ. Aucun résultat significatif n'a été observé entre les femmes plus âgées et les autres groupes.Conclusions: La première infraction de CCA chez les jeunes femmes semble liée à des épisodes de consommation excessive d'alcool et à l'impulsivité associée aux émotions, comparativement aux hommes. Les jeunes femmes contrevenantes semblent être différentes des hommes contrevenants de tous les âges. Les résultats suggèrent que la première infraction de CCA chez les femmes n'est pas analogue à celle chez les hommes, un postulat qui devrait être pris en compte dans les stratégies de prévention et d'interventions auprès des femmes contrevenantes primaires de la CCA.
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Zigmont, Victoria Ann. "Behavioral and Pharmacoepidemiological Risk Factors and Mediators for Type II Diabetes Mellitus." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448978472.
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Dallas, Mark B. "Risk factors and correlates of courtship violence." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1386598246.
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Holt, Nicole, Shimin Zheng, Casey L. Morrell, Megan A. Quinn, and Sheryl Strasser. "Prevalence of and Risk factors for Adolescent Obesity in Tennessee using the 2010 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) Data: an Analysis Using Stratified Hierarchical Logistic Regression." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/107.
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The purpose of the present study was to utilize a statewide, representative sample of students in grades 6-8 in Tennessee to determine the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors such as smoking, substance use and eating disorders, among adolescents by determining the impact gender, age, race, and geographic region have on the association of these behaviors with the prevalence of adolescent obesity. We also explored the role that district, school, and class level health risk behavior variables play in adolescent obesity. Among adolescent females in the sample, 17.25% were obese, whereas 27.27% of males were obese. Stratified Hierarchical Logistic Regression Analysis demonstrated that several variables such as having ever tried smoking, having a weight misperception, and eating disorder, watching TV for more than 3 hours a day, and not engaging on a sports team remained consistent in their significant association with adolescent obesity across all groups. The findings from this study suggest that certain risk behaviors play an important role in adolescent obesity. Perhaps the most significant finding of our study that requires more investigation is the effect of education on adolescent obesity.
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Vlasyk, L. Yu. "The behavioral risk factors of major non-communicable diseases among economically active population." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18309.
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Yoon, Susan. "Fostering Resilient Development: Risk and Protective Factors Underlying Behavioral Trajectories of Maltreated Children." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459363057.
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Alamian, Arsham, and Gilles Paradis. "Individual and Social Determinants of Multiple Chronic Disease Behavioral Risk Factors Among Youth." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1366.
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BACKGROUND: Behavioral risk factors are known to co-occur among youth, and to increase risks of chronic diseases morbidity and mortality later in life. However, little is known about determinants of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors, particularly among youth. Previous studies have been cross-sectional and carried out without a sound theoretical framework.
METHODS: Using longitudinal data (n = 1135) from Cycle 4 (2000-2001), Cycle 5 (2002-2003) and Cycle 6 (2004-2005) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a nationally representative sample of Canadian children who are followed biennially, the present study examines the influence of a set of conceptually-related individual/social distal variables (variables situated at an intermediate distance from behaviors), and individual/social ultimate variables (variables situated at an utmost distance from behaviors) on the rate of occurrence of multiple behavioral risk factors (physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and high body mass index) in a sample of children aged 10-11 years at baseline. Multiple behavioral risk factors were assessed using a multiple risk factor score. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS, version 9.1, and SUDAAN, version 9.01.
RESULTS: Multivariate longitudinal Poisson models showed that social distal variables including parental/peer smoking and peer drinking (Log-likelihood ratio (LLR) = 187.86, degrees of freedom (DF) = 8, p < .001), as well as individual distal variables including low self-esteem (LLR = 76.94, DF = 4, p < .001) increased the rate of occurrence of multiple behavioral risk factors. Individual ultimate variables including age, sex, and anxiety (LLR = 9.34, DF = 3, p < .05), as well as social ultimate variables including family socioeconomic status, and family structure (LLR = 10.93, DF = 5, p = .05) contributed minimally to the rate of co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest targeting individual/social distal variables in prevention programs of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors among youth.
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Alamian, Arsham, and G. Paradis. "Individual and Social Determinants of Multiple Chronic Disease Behavioral Risk Factors Among Youth." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1381.
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Macbeth, David. "Risk Factors Associated with Early Adolescent Sexual Values and Behaviors." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2388.
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adolescent sexual activity and subsequent pregnancy are ii an increasing dilemma facing American society . There appears to be an increase in the incidence of casual sexual activity among adolescents that leads to over 50% of students between grades 9 and 12 having been involved in sexual intercourse. This study examines changes in adolescent sexual attitudes, behaviors, and values in a select population over a 2-year time span. A survey of 548 families with adolescents was used to determine the impact of the Facts and Feelings home-based sexual abstinence program on mean scores for academic aspirations, academic achievement , sexual knowledge, the intention to have intercourse, sexual behavior, religiosity, mother approachability, father approachability, frequency of parental communication, sexual abstinence skills, friends' approval of premarital sex, value against sex prior to marriage, risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease, sex being acceptable in relationships, adolescent's values match parent's values, parents approve of premarital sex, and adolescent's rating of physical maturity. The sample was randomly split into equal size experimental and control groups . The treatment materials were given to the experimental group following a baseline measurement, and the control group received the materials after the study was completed 2 years later. Data were collected at four time intervals: pretest, 3-rnonth posttest, 1-year posttest, and 2-year posttest . Dependent variables were identified from previous research as possible antecedents to early sexual activity The youth studied were in the sixth and seventh grades, and were generally sexually abstinent throughout the study. Hypotheses were related to gender, group membership, and the i nteraction of these variables over time. A majority of the significant findings carne in the hypotheses regarding gender. There were limited findings in the hypothesis that dealt with group membership, group membership by gender, and the interaction effects of gender by group over time . Most of the treatment effects were time limited and not maintained for l ong periods of time following the treatment. There was evidence that the Facts and Feeling materials used in the study were beneficial in changing behavior, values, and attitudes regarding teenage abstinence for a short time immediately following the treatment period.
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Fargo, Jamison Dunn. "Pathways to adult sexual revictimization direct and indirect behavioral risk factors across the lifespan /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1210636112.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Committee/Advisors: Paul Succop PhD (Committee Chair), Kim Dietrich PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Sep.3, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: Revictimization; Sexual Assault; Adult Victims; Adolescent Victims; Risk Factors; Mediation. Includes bibliographical references.
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FARGO, JAMISON DUNN. "Pathways to Adult Sexual Revictimization: Direct and Indirect Behavioral Risk Factors across the Lifespan." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1210636112.
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Biasia, Francesca <1991>. "Behavioral risk factors and linguistic structure: does the language we speak affect our choices?" Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8604.
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This thesis has the purpose of testing the hypothesis that languages characterized by a strong Future Time Reference (FTR), which foster a grammatical distinction between present and future, lead to a higher likelihood of tobacco use, alcohol consumption and obesity than languages with a weak FTR, besides affecting saving decisions. In line with Chen (2013), we develop a Logit model using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in order to quantify a direct causal effect of linguistic structure on behavioral risk factors, in particular in linguistically heterogeneous countries.
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Zheng, Shimin, Nicole Holt, Jodi L. Southerland, Yan Cao, Trevor Taylor, Deborah L. Slawson, and Mark Bloodworth. "Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Adolescent Obesity in Tennessee Using the 2010 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) Data: An Analysis Using Weighted Hierarchical Logistic Regression." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/132.
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Background: The rate of adolescent overweight and obesity has more than quadrupled over the past few decades, and has become a major public health problem [1]. In 2011, 55% of 12-19 year olds in the United States (U.S.) were overweight or obese [2]. Adolescence is a pivotal time in which many health risk behaviors such as tobacco, alcohol, and drug use are initiated. Such health risk behaviors have been significantly associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between obesity and the health risk behaviors most commonly associated with premature morbidity and mortality among adolescents with a novel micro area estimate approach that uses weighted hierarchical logistic regression to nest individuals in classes, classes in schools, and schools in districts.
Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a state-wide representative sample of middle school students that participated in the 2010 Tennessee Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Data was collected from 119 (85.6%) of Tennessee’s local education agencies (LEAs), 456 (95.2%) schools, and 64,790 of 78,441 (82.6%) students. The outcome variable was adolescent obesity (≥ 95th BMI percentile). Explanatory variables were divided into four levels [1] district level: use seatbelt/helmet, asked to show ID for tobacco purchase; [2] school level: ever tried smoking, received HIV education in school; [3] class level: average number of days smoked, having ever exercised to lose weight; [4] individual level: having ever been in fight, early onset of substance use, physical activity, and thought about, planed, or attempted suicide. Weighted hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between risk factors or protective factors and obesity using effect size (ES) and odds ratio (OR) estimates.
Results: The study sample included 64,790 middle school students in the state of Tennessee with a mean age of 12.8 years, of which (49.42%) were females and (50.58%) were males. Nearly one-fourth of the students had a BMI at or above the 95th percentile (22.30%). Weighted hierarchical logistic regression analysis shows that seatbelt and helmet use [ES: -2.161 OR: 0.020, 95% CI: (0.006, 0.070)], and weight misperception [ES: 1.256 OR: 9.720, 95% CI: (9.216, 10.251)], having ever exercised to lose weight [ES: -0.340 OR: 0.540, 95% CI: (0.446, 0.654)], having ever tried smoking [ES: 0.705 OR: 3.581, 95% CI: (2.637, 4.863)] and gender (male vs female) [ES: 0.327 OR: 1.810, 95% CI: (1.740, 1.880)] were strongly associated with adolescent obesity. Results from this study also showed that Black, Hispanic or Latino adolescents were more likely to be obese than Whites, Indian, and Asian adolescent [ES: 0.129 OR: 1.260, 95% CI: (1.200, 1.330)], students with grades of mostly C, D and F were more likely to be obese than those with grades of mostly A and B [ES: 0.189 OR: 1.409, 95% CI: (1.303, 1.523)], and that students having an eating disorder [ES: 0.251 OR: 1.576, 95% CI: (1.508, 1.648)] and/or engagement in sports teams [ES: -0.197 OR: 0.700, 95% CI: (0.674, 0.728)] had small or medium ES association with adolescent obesity.
Conclusion:This study uses small area estimates in weighted hierarchical logistic regression models to describe the prevalence and distribution of health risk behaviors associated with adolescent obesity among middle school student subpopulations in Tennessee. The value of small area estimates has been demonstrated previously in a variety of other contexts, and again here offers important insights for intervention design and resource allocation at different micro-levels within small and large areas (i.e., district, school, and class). This work adds to the growing body of research that supports community-driven school-based lifestyle interventions targeting early-onset chronic disease and, more specifically, enhances the geographic resolution with which adolescent obesity can be addressed in middle school populations across Tennessee.
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Schry, Amie R. "Behavioral Responses and Risk Detection in Sexual Encounters: A Study on the Effects of Social Anxiety and a Brief Intervention." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51628.
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Sexual victimization among college women is a common problem. This two-part study sought to examine social interaction anxiety as a risk factor of sexual victimization and to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a computer-based risk reduction program. A total of 1095 undergraduate females completed an online survey to assess social anxiety as a risk factor (study part I), a subsample of whom (n = 136, including 51 above the clinical cutoff on a social anxiety measure and 85 below the cutoff) completed the subsequent in-lab study (study part II). During study part II, participants were randomly assigned to either receive a computer-based risk reduction program or an educational program on campus resources (control condition), and their predicted use of resistance techniques was assessed both before and after their assigned program. Participants also responded to an audio recording of a sexual assault vignette to assess risk detection. After controlling for past victimization and depression, social interaction anxiety was not related to predicted use of assertive resistance techniques or to risk detection. However, social anxiety positively predicted use of passive resistance techniques at the lowest level of unwanted sexual advances (i.e., breast fondling) in a series of three escalating sexual advances (i.e., breast fondling, genital fondling, and rape threat). No participants dropped out of the study, and ratings on a questionnaire assessing acceptability of the risk reduction program were positive. Program condition predicted change scores for predicted use of assertive resistance at a low level of unwanted sexual advances (i.e., breast fondling) such that the control group decreased in predicted use of assertive resistance significantly more than the risk reduction program group. Additionally, the risk reduction program group had significantly better risk detection compared to the control group. Therefore, support for the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the risk reduction program was found. The finding that the control group decreased significantly more than the risk reduction program group in assertive resistance between the two story administrations is important because assertive resistance techniques tend to be the most effective in reducing risk of completed sexual victimization. Therefore, it is important that risk reduction programs encourage women to use assertive resistance. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.Ph. D.
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Ahuja, Manik, and Robert Jr Aseltine. "Barriers to Dissemination of Local Health Data Faced by US State Agencies: Survey Study of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Coordinators." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8849.
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Background: Advances in information technology have paved the way to facilitate accessibility to population-level health data through web-based data query systems (WDQSs). Despite these advances in technology, US state agencies face many challenges related to the dissemination of their local health data. It is essential for the public to have access to high-quality data that are easy to interpret, reliable, and trusted. These challenges have been at the forefront throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the most significant challenges faced by state agencies, from the perspective of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) coordinator from each state, and to assess if the coordinators from states with a WDQS perceive these challenges differently. Methods: We surveyed BRFSS coordinators (N=43) across all 50 US states and the District of Columbia. We surveyed the participants about contextual factors and asked them to rate system aspects and challenges they faced with their health data system on a Likert scale. We used two-sample t tests to compare the means of the ratings by participants from states with and without a WDQS. Results: Overall, 41/43 states (95%) make health data available over the internet, while 65% (28/43) employ a WDQS. States with a WDQS reported greater challenges (P=.01) related to the cost of hardware and software (mean score 3.44/4, 95% CI 3.09-3.78) than states without a WDQS (mean score 2.63/4, 95% CI 2.25-3.00). The system aspect of standardization of vocabulary scored more favorably (P=.01) in states with a WDQS (mean score 3.32/5, 95% CI 2.94-3.69) than in states without a WDQS (mean score 2.85/5, 95% CI 2.47-3.22). Conclusions: Securing of adequate resources and commitment to standardization are vital in the dissemination of local-level health data. Factors such as receiving data in a timely manner, privacy, and political opposition are less significant barriers than anticipated.
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Buri, Robert J. (Robert John). "The Role of Anger/Hostility on Physiological and Behavioral Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278222/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of anger/hostility on physiological and behavioral coronary heart disease risk factors. It was hypothesized that anger/hostility would contribute to the severity of CHD via consummatory behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption. Some researchers suggest that negative consummatory behaviors play a direct causal role in CHD. The present study proposed that hostility predisposes an individual to these behaviors, and that these behaviors in turn, contribute to CHD. Further, it was proposed that some of the anger that exists in CHD patients may result from the individual being unable to participate in some of their previous consummatory behaviors after suffering a myocardial infarction. Also, it was hypothesized that the construct of anger/hostility would be differentially related to consummatory behaviors.
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Cha, Christine Boram. "Clarifying Psychological Risk Factors for Self-Injury and Suicidal Behaviors: Clinical Applications of Behavioral Measures." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845060.
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Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors are life-threatening, prevalent, and challenging clinical outcomes to predict. This dissertation explores the use of behavioral measures to improve prediction of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation. This builds on the growing body of literature supporting the clinical application of behavioral measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and emotional Stroop Task with self-injurious and suicidal individuals. I tackle three questions to inform continued research and application. First, can the Self-Injury IAT be used in acute care settings to predict NSSI? Study 1 shows that the Self-Injury IAT can be used for short-term prediction: it predicted NSSI occurring during hospital stays above and beyond other risk factors, but did not predict NSSI occurring after hospital discharge. Surprisingly, patients’ explicit self-report was a more robust predictor of NSSI than the Self-Injury IAT. Admission-to-discharge change in patients' explicit self-report, but not IAT performance, predicted whether they engaged in NSSI after hospital discharge. Second, how does transient mood affect the predictive validity of the Suicide IAT and Stroop task? In Study 2, suicide ideators demonstrated significantly stronger implicit identification with death after (vs. before) the mood induction, as indicated by post-induction IAT performance. Controlling for history of suicidal ideation, post-induction performance was most predictive of suicidal ideation when assessed categorically (i.e., identification with Death vs. Life). Suicide Stroop performance remained unrelated to suicidal ideation on its own, but enhanced prediction of suicidal ideation when combined with Suicide IAT performance. All baseline suicide ideators who achieved one particular type of IAT/Stroop scoring profile experienced suicidal thoughts six months later. Third, is it safe to administer behavioral measures related to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors? Study 3 reveals that there is minimal change in self-injurious or suicidal urges from before to after completing Suicide and Self-Injury IATs. This was found across three distinct samples. A small to moderate mood decline was consistently detected, which was isolated to female respondents and one type of IAT that presented NSSI-related images. Female participants’ negative mood after viewing NSSI-related images appeared to be transient in nature--possibly be alleviated by viewing positive images. This collection of studies balances clinical application and psychological science, and presents a number of important considerations for future research and practice.Psychology
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Alseaidan, Mohammad. "Maternal, Behavioral, and Environmental Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes and Preterm Birth Among Pregnant Women." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201755.
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Background: Lifestyle changed in Kuwait with the rapid development and economic expansion and the Americanization of the Kuwaiti market. Fast food and sedentary lifestyle became very prevalent. Environmental exposures such as passive tobacco smoke and extreme temperatures are common in Kuwait where the prevalence of chronic conditions is increasing. We describe a Kuwait based pregnancy-birth cohort and examine the associations between perinatal exposures and the risk of chronic disease.
Methods: We recruited women from antenatal clinics in Kuwait and administered baseline questionnaires then followed the women postnatally. We examined maternal and lifestyle risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We examined the association between passive tobacco smoke exposure and gestational diabetes, and finally we examined the association between preterm delivery with heat and humidity in Kuwait
Results: We successfully enrolled 2,478 women and followed 2,254 to delivery. Overall, frequencies of stillbirth, preterm birth, and small for gestational age were comparable to other developed countries. The incidence of self-reported gestational diabetes was within the expected range worldwide. After past GDM history, pre-pregnancy obesity was the strongest maternal risk factor associated with GDM. We observed patterns suggestive of a positive association between home passive tobacco smoke exposure and GDM among primiparous women. Finally, high relative humidity but not temperature was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery.
Conclusions: We successfully established a large pregnancy birth cohort in Kuwait. There are several social and environmental challenges in Kuwait that may increase the risk of chronic disease such as diabetes, which is already very prevalent in Kuwait. Our results should be replicated and the results used to inform interventions to reduce the rates of chronic disease in Kuwait.
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Runnals, Jennifer. "Precursors and Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Traumatic Stress After Childbirth." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2223.
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A prospective study of pregnant women was undertaken to provide an estimate of rates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after childbirth that takes into account pre-existing trauma; to explore risk factors associated with the development of traumatic stress after birth; and to better understand incidence and risk factors associated with fear of childbirth, which is thought to contribute to postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Ninety participants in their last trimester of pregnancy completed questionnaires that included depression, trait anxiety, PTSD, anxiety sensitivity, childbearing fear, and self-efficacy for labor. Four weeks after delivery 73 of these women completed questionnaires concerning delivery, posttraumatic stress related to childbirth, and depression. Levels of childbearing fear were similar to studies of non U.S. women but did not predict traumatic reactions to childbirth. First-time mothers and those with prior miscarriage, traumatic birth, and childhood sexual assault were not more fearful of childbirth although women reporting repeat sexual victimization that started in childhood were. Women with comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and depression during pregnancy were significantly more fearful of childbirth. Higher trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity, and lower labor self-efficacy predicted greater fear of childbirth. Women who underwent operative deliveries became more fearful of childbirth after delivery whereas women who underwent unassisted vaginal deliveries showed a reduction in fear. Five percent of women developed new cases of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder attributable to childbirth. An additional five percent who had received a trauma diagnosis during pregnancy met criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder resulting from childbirth. Higher trait anxiety predicted postpartum trauma symptoms and greater self-efficacy for childbirth moderated this relationship. Women assigned a diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder or co-morbid PTSD and depression during pregnancy, and women who underwent operative or instrument deliveries (i.e. caesarian section, forceps deliveries, or vacuum extraction), were significantly more likely to receive a diagnosis of PTSD or trauma-related Adjustment Disorder as a consequence of their experience of childbirth. Results suggest that increasing self-efficacy for labor and treating psychopathology present during pregnancy may be fruitful targets for efforts to prevent the development of traumatic reactions to childbirth.
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Wallace, Kasie. "Risk Factors Identified in College Students Exhibiting Social Phobia." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1653.
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College life is a unique experience in the life of many young adults that presents many challenges for which they might not be prepared, including living away from home and adapting to a new social and academic environment. In particular, these experiences may be particularly adverse for students with social phobia and may be predictors of academic and social problems, and may even predict dropout. The purpose of the present research is to identify possible connections between socially phobic tendencies and the social, emotional, and overall well-being of college students. Social phobia itself is an unnecessary and overwhelming fear of being scrutinized by others (National Institute of Mental Health 2009). By implementing the use of four psychological tests: the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, College Affiliation Questionnaire, and Life Orientation Test, this research sought to investigate the correlations existing between college students' self-reports on these measures through the use of the UCF Sona system. Students' personal characteristics and demographics were also examined correlationally along with their self-reports on all four measures. A total of 165 participants were used in this study. After gathering descriptive statistics from each test and their demographics, correlations were run between the four tests and then between demographic information and tests. The results showed social phobia having a positive correlation with negative affect and a negative relationship with positive affect. In turn, negative emotion was correlated with a lowered overall life orientation and a more pessimistic mindset. No strong correlations were identified between psychological tests and student characteristics as was previously thought. Overall, there are definite indicators that social anxiety has a negative impact on one's quality of life and emotions, however, more research needs to be done with more diverse sampling and different methodology to see if there is a link between particular student characteristics and prevalence rates of social anxiety within those characteristic subsets.B.S.
Bachelors
Psychology
Sciences
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Holton, Valerie. "Distinguishing Between Homeless and Unstably Housed Men on Risk Factors for Homelessness." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2402.
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This study explored the risk factors for homelessness in single men, the largest group of people experiencing homelessness and a group about which little is known regarding their risks for homelessness. A case control design was used to differentiate risk factors between men who were homeless and men who were unstably housed. Risk factors included cumulative risk, negative life events, and demographic factors. Two models were tested using discriminant function analysis (DFA). The Cumulative Risk Model did not significantly differentiate between the two groups. However, the Negative Life Events Model yielded one discriminant function that significantly differentiated between the groups and correctly classified approximately 72.4% of the overall cases. Negative life events regarding the loss of housing, unstable housing, and family conflict/disruption were the most important discriminating variables. Furthermore, homeless men were associated with more experiences of loss of housing and family conflict/disruption, and with fewer experiences of housing instability. Implications for policy, social work practice, and research are discussed.
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Naranjo, Jason M. "Teacher attrition among early career special and general educators : an examination of demographic and employment related risk factors /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10235.
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Blom, May. "Psychosocial risk factors in women with coronary heart disease : stress, social support and a behavioral intervention /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-481-3/.
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Nicolais, Christina J. "Maternal Health and Child Behaviors as Risk Factors for Child Injury." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3381.
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Evidence suggests that child behavior, parent mental health, parent supervision, and home environment conditions impact a child’s risk of injury. Vulnerable families are at greater risk for the occurrence of child behavior problems, poor health, decreased supervision, and hazardous home conditions. Consistent with a model that proposes that parent, child, and environment factors interact within the lens of sociocultural factors to predict injury, the current study aimed to test a statistical model with maternal physical health and child externalizing behaviors as predictors of child injury, and home hazards and supervision as mediators of these relations. Analyses were conducted using a nationally representative sample of 3,288 vulnerable mother-child dyads. Results showed significant relations between parent physical health and child injury, and child aggression and child injury, though home hazards and supervision did not mediate either of these relations. Further research should continue to examine the mechanisms of action in the parent health- child injury relation so that injury prevention interventions can be developed.
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Clarida, Jill Courtney. "Substance Abuse and Psychosocial Factors in the Hepatitis C Population: Identifying Risk Factors in Disease Severity and Quality of Life." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1531.
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Hepatitis C is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States. Research has focused on contributing factors to the development and progression of liver disease, but few studies have considered nicotine use as a potential prognostic factor with CHC. Research has commonly found that CHC patients report with a diminished quality of life. Several factors have been proposed to account for a decrease in QOL; however, the mechanisms underlying the impairment in QOL have not yet been elicited. 76 CHC patients completed self-report measures on a variety of psychosocial variables and biochemical data for determining the patient's liver disease severity was obtained. The findings revealed strong support for the deleterious effects of smoking cigarettes on liver disease symptomatology and its progression. Smokers endorsed experiencing significantly more severe symptoms of fatigue, poor appetite, and headaches. The CHC smokers tended to present with higher scores on the Aspartate Arninotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). The smokers' mean score is above the cut-off value of 1.50 that indicates a .88 predictive value for the presence of hepatic fibrosis. The level of cigarette consumption could also be a factor in the progression of liver disease. Individuals smoking more than one pack per day tended to report more severe symptoms of fatigue and a poorer appetite. Heavy smokers presented with an APRI mean score above the cut-off value of 2.00 that indicates a .93 negative predictive value for the presence of cirrhosis below the cut-off value.General active coping moderated the relationship between liver disease severity and QOL. The results revealed that patients using more avoidant coping reported lower levels of QOL on the physical and mental component of the SF-36. Tobacco use moderated the relationship between liver disease severity and QOL. Interestingly, smokers reported a higher level of QOL compared to nonsmokers when experiencing more severe liver disease. CHC patients with higher levels of psychological distress reported lower QOL on both physical and mental functioning. Individuals smoking marijuana also tended to report lower levels of QOL on mental functioning. Information garnered from this study is aimed to help slow the progression of advanced liver disease in CHC patients in addition to improving their QOL.
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Kabia-Williams, Yma E. "A study of alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental illness as risk factors among adults whose parents were substance abusers." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2009. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/86.
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This current study describes alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental illness as risk factors among adults whose parents were substance abusers. The intention of this study is to depict a relationship between Parental Substance Abuse and the onset of alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental illness amongst the children of substance abusers as they develop into adulthood. The study suggests having a substance abusive parent increases the risk of the child to develop substance dependencies as well as mental illness in their adulthood. Through parental modeling children witness substance abuse and dependency. As a result, the behavior becomes innate. The results depict a significant statistical relationship at the .05 level of probability between parental substance abuse influencers and substance dependencies as well as mental illness amongst the persons that have been exposed to parental substance abuse influencers during their childhood. Alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental illness are risk factors among adults whose parents were substance abusers. This study also proposes new incentives to minimize this nationwide dilemma.
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Driggers, Jacquelyn LeAnne. "Resiliency factors associated with adaptive conflict tactics." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/924.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0716104-224347 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Speakman, Jennifer J. "Psychological and Behavioral Predictor of Adolescent Substance Use." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1249860380.
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Patterson, Fernando M. "The Relation of Steroid Hormones and Personality Factors to Financial Performance and Risk-Taking Behavior." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1448.
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This doctoral dissertation addresses the biological and psychological components of financial decision-making for individuals. As such, it directly examines intrinsic human traits that are related to financial performance, rather than following the standard approach of inferring said traits from aggregate market data. Specifically, this dissertation examines the relation of personality traits, testosterone levels, and cortisol levels to financial choices and outcome under short-term (trading) and long-term (investing) investment horizons.
Subjects are recruited from advanced courses in finance at Florida International University. During the course of a semester (fourteen weeks) they complete a portfolio formation and rebalancing task, and answer a personality questionnaire. Additionally, subjects complete a series of trading simulations during the early morning of a preset date, and provide saliva samples. The saliva samples are analyzed for levels of testosterone and cortisol at a University lab facility. The relation of personality scores, testosterone levels, and cortisol levels to financial choices and outcomes is analyzed via linear regressions and Student’s t-tests.
The results show that personality factors associated with detrimental life quality, such as paranoia, are related to long-term investment decisions associated with increased portfolio risk and return. Additionally, the levels of testosterone and cortisol play a significant role in initial portfolio formation decisions, but not in subsequent portfolio allocation decisions. As such, the results show that hormone levels contribute to initial long-term investment choices, but personality traits play a much greater role in portfolio maintenance. Alternatively, the results show that testosterone and cortisol levels play a significant role in many aspects of short-term investment, including the decision to buy or to sell, and timing preferences. Overall, the results show that hormone levels and personality traits play significant and distinctive roles in many aspects of financial decision-making. Therefore, this dissertation provides important implications for the practice and the study of finance, including information that could be used to make more rational financial choices, and to develop financial models with more realistic assumptions about investor behavior.
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DeFeo, Graig C. "Risk Factors for Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder in a Nationally Representative Sample." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1569946.
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The public use version of the National Comorbidity Survey – Replication (NCS-R) dataset was used (N = 995) to investigate risk factors for recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) that are evident before recovery from the first major depressive episode (MDE) by comparing persons diagnosed with MDD who experienced a single MDE to persons with recurrent MDD.
Multiple logistic regression analyses assessed the independent risk of recurrent MDD for each of the following risk factors: an early age of onset (<30 years old), absence of a life stress trigger, chronic first episode, childhood parental loss, parental maltreatment, parental depression, comorbid anxiety disorder, and comorbid substance disorder. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) assessed the risk of recurrent MDD associated with the interaction of an early onset with three childhood-based vulnerabilities: a) parental depression, b) parental loss, and c) parental maltreatment.
There was a statistically significant risk of recurrent MDD found for the following risk factors: early onset, stress trigger absent, childhood parental loss, parental maltreatment, parental depression, and anxiety disorder; marginally significant results suggested an increased risk of recurrent MDD for substance disorder. There was a significant increased risk found for the interaction of an early onset with parental depression and similar non-significant trends were found for the interactions of early onset with parental loss and early onset with parental maltreatment.
An early onset, the absence of a life stress trigger, and the presence of parental loss, parental maltreatment, parental depression, a comorbid anxiety disorder, and a comorbid substance disorder each confer greater risk of recurrent MDD among persons that have not yet recovered from their first lifetime MDE. The presence of an early onset combined with a childhood-based vulnerability such as parental depression, parental loss, or parental maltreatment, indicate an especially high risk of recurrent MDD. These findings may inform the development of a screening tool to assess risk for recurrent MDD and early intervention to prevent recurrent MDD. Future research should employ a longitudinal research design to replicate and expand upon these findings.
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Cooper, Chadrick. "The Influence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors on Exercise Participation." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3520.
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The study's purpose was to analyze whether the control (sustained healthy level) of independent cardiovascular disease risk factors could be used to significantly predict aerobic exercise status. The health belief and ecological model helped describe health awareness, autonomy, and ecological influences that could also influence the control of each risk factor. Multiple logistic regression analysis of behaviors and demographics was utilized to assess relationships of met aerobic recommendations to hypertension, diabetes, obesity, tobacco/alcohol use, diet, physical activity limitations, mood, and socio-economic status. The study consisted of 340 African American participants (37% male 63% female), between the ages of 30-64 who, lived in the state of Texas. With a 95% confidence internal, p < .05, and effect size of .15, results indicated that participants controlling the risk factor poor diet (P = .011; OR 3.3 [CI 95%]) were three times more likely to meet aerobic recommendations than those who did not. Participants controlling risk factors education status (P = .002; OR 2.4 [CL 95%]), sex (P = .012; OR 1.9 [CI 95%]), and high blood pressure diagnosis (P = .044; OR 1.7 [CI 95%]) were also more likely to meet exercise recommendations than those who did not. Findings showed that by initiating and sustaining changes in modifiable factors, participants were likely to meet aerobic recommendations and reduce their risk for cardiovascular disease. Policy makers, educators, health professionals, and employers are recommended to implement the study's results in communities, workplaces, and schools to target health promotion at persons with poor diet, hypertension, and less than a college education.
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Gonzalez, Raquel Estrada. "Risk Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults of Mexican Origin." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1621.
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Older adults of Mexican origin are often underserved, especially those residing in nursing homes. Their number has increased in the past 4 years. There is a gap in the research literature on Hispanic elders, specifically those of Mexican origin, residing in nursing homes along the Texas-Mexico border. Because Texas has one of the fastest growing populations of Mexican elders, it is important to better understand this population. This nonexperimental study evaluated the relationship among risk factors' such as gender, marital status, family support, activities of daily living (ADLs) and participation in nursing home activities. These relationships were evaluated with a demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The sample consisted of 150 individuals of Mexican origin, 55 years of age or older, residing in nursing homes in a Texas-Mexico border city. Two multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between these variables. The results indicated that the risk factors account for 9.1% of the variance in depression and 11.7% of the variance in anxiety. Of the predictor variables, activities of daily living made the only significant contribution. Thus, a high score on activities of daily living (i.e., needs complete assistance) predicted higher depression and anxiety, while female gender predicted higher anxiety, and frequent family support predicted low anxiety. This new knowledge gain through this study has implications for positive social change: (a) nursing home staff and physicians can do a better job in referring residents for psychological services, (b) mental health professionals can help nursing home staff better serve this population, and (c) nursing home staff may hold more family events to increase family involvement with their loved ones.
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Chen, Yang, Katie Callahan, David Blackley, Yan Cao, and Shimin Zheng. "Calcium Intake Associated with Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Obese Adults." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/85.
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Background: The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high in obese people. The potential effects of inadequate calcium intake on CVD are receiving increased attention. We assessed the association between several risk factors for CVD and calcium intake among obese adults. Methods: We investigated 14,856 obese subjects age 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2010. ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses were used to examine if any relationships existed. Simple and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between risk factors for CVD and calcium intake. Results: After adjusting for energy intake and other potential confounders, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin, and albuminuria were negatively associated with calcium intake at =0.05 level in both linear and logistic regression analyses. Adjusted regression coefficients and ORs did not show a significant relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and calcium intake. Total cholesterol was negatively associated with calcium intake in continuous form, but no relationshipwas seen between total cholesterol and the calcium intake quartiles form. When comparing low quartile to high quartile, total cholesterol had a weak negative association with calcium intake at =0.1 level. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that adequate calcium intake could decrease the risks of CVD, such as high blood pressure and high glycosylated hemoglobin, among obese adults. However, calcium intake was not associated with HDL levels. More research is needed to assess the effect of total cholesterol by calcium intake.
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Pennington, Laurie E. "A research synthesis and meta-analysis of gender differences in HIV risk factors among people who inject drugs." Thesis, New York University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10196162.
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Many studies have shown that men and women who inject drugs differ in their risk of contracting HIV, with women being at higher risk. However, the risk factors between women and men are less well understood, and more knowledge about them can inform gender-sensitive prevention and treatment for people who inject drugs (PWIDs). Research synthesis and meta-analysis was implemented on studies conducted with adult injection drug users that made gender comparisons on biological, behavioral, and social- structural risk factors. Fifty-five studies in the research synthesis provided data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The analysis yielded many significant findings. With regard to biological risk factors women were one and half times or more as likely to engage in vaginal sex (OR=1.60, p=0.000), engage in oral sex (OR=1.59, p=0.001), to experience injecting problems such as difficulty locating a vein ( OR=1.71, p=0.000), and STIs (OR=1.66, p=0.001). With regard to behavioral injection risk factors, women were modestly more likely to engage in receptive sharing (OR=1.12, p=0.01), inject more frequently (OR=1.18, p=0.01), and were two and a half times more likely to engage in receptive sharing of injecting equipment with sex partners (OR=2.51, p=0.000) while women were less likely to share equipment with friends (OR=.79, p=.0001). With regard to behavioral, sexual risk factors women were significantly more likely to engage in unprotected sex (OR=1.41, p=0.05), have multiple sex partners (OR=1.72, p=0.01), have steady sex partners as opposed to casual sex partners (OR=1.87, p=0.000), and were nearly four times more likely to engage in survival sex work (OR=3.77, p=0.000). With regard to social-structural risk factors, women were nearly ten times more likely to experience sexual violence (OR=9.6, p=0.000) while women were significantly less likely to experience physical violence that was not sexual (OR=0.60, p=0.000). Women were twice as likely to experience poor health status (OR=2.08, p=0.000). Significant heterogeneity was found among all analyses. Overall, the findings of this study provides evidence that women who inject drugs experience greater HIV risks in all areas than men who inject drugs, suggesting that future harm reduction strategies should be tailored to women’s and men’s specific risk factors.
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Odzak, Ajla, and Iqra Sahi. "Can factors such as gender affect my level of risk-taking in financial investments? : A study on risk-tolerance based on selected demographic factors in Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44422.
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Background: The traditional neoclassical model of finance has assumed that all individuals act rationally and that they update their beliefs according to the information they have obtained to maximise their utility. This concept has been challenged by behavioural finance which has over the past decades become a new approach to better understand certain behaviours. Behavioural finance is a broad area which can be divided into different areas. One of them is investor behaviour, which will be the focus of this thesis. Research has shown that investors do not act rationally when deciding how much risk to take when considering an investment. Instead, it has been found that there are other factors that influence risk-taking in an investment, for instance gender, income, marital status and age. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to better understand if a selected group of demographic factors can affect the risk attitude investors in Sweden have with regard to their investments and to determine how well these factors explain the level of risk. The chosen demographic factors are gender, age, marital status and income. Method: This study is conducted using a deductive approach and employing a quantitative research method. A multinomial logistic regression was performed in the statistical program R. The data used is secondary data collected from financial counselling meetings of 111,265 clients during the period of 2018-01-03 to 2019-04-04. It is gathered from one of Sweden’s largest bank who measures customers’ risk tolerance by using a risk assessment tool that categorises risk tolerance into five levels where one is the lowest and five is the highest. Conclusion: Statistically significant results confirm that that the selected demographic factors have an effect on the risk level an investor takes. Males have higher risk tolerance than women, the older an individual is, the less risk the person wants to take, married people have higher risk tolerance than those that are not, and risk tolerance increases slightly with income.