Journal articles: 'Behavioral oscillations'

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Inagaki, Natsuko, Sato Honma, Daisuke Ono, Yusuke Tanahashi, and Ken-ichi Honma. "Separate oscillating cell groups in mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus couple photoperiodically to the onset and end of daily activity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 18 (April 26, 2007): 7664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0607713104.

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The pattern of circadian behavioral rhythms is photoperiod-dependent, highlighted by the conservation of a phase relation between the behavioral rhythm and photoperiod. A model of two separate, but mutually coupled, circadian oscillators has been proposed to explain photoperiodic responses of behavioral rhythm in nocturnal rodents: an evening oscillator, which drives the activity onset and entrains to dusk, and a morning oscillator, which drives the end of activity and entrains to dawn. Continuous measurement of circadian rhythms in clock gene Per1 expression by a bioluminescence reporter enabled us to identify the separate oscillating cell groups in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which composed circadian oscillations of different phases and responded to photoperiods differentially. The circadian oscillation in the posterior SCN was phase-locked to the end of activity under three photoperiods examined. On the other hand, the oscillation in the anterior SCN was phase-locked to the onset of activity but showed a bimodal pattern under a long photoperiod [light–dark cycle (LD)18:6]. The bimodality in the anterior SCN reflected two circadian oscillatory cell groups of early and late phases. The anterior oscillation was unimodal under intermediate (LD12:12) and short (LD6:18) photoperiods, which was always phase-lagged behind the posterior oscillation when the late phase in LD18:6 was taken. The phase difference was largest in LD18:6 and smallest in LD6:18. These findings indicate that three oscillating cell groups in the SCN constitute regionally specific circadian oscillations, and at least two of them are involved in photoperiodic response of behavioral rhythm.

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Knyazev, G. G. "Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and brain oscillations." International Journal of Psychophysiology 69, no. 3 (September 2008): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.403.

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ZHANG, Xiaodan, Lijin ZHANG, Yulong DING, and Zhe QU. "Behavioral oscillations in attentional processing." Advances in Psychological Science 29, no. 3 (2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2021.00460.

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Erlikhman, Gennady, and Gideon Caplovitz. "Behavioral Oscillations in Shape Perception." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (August 31, 2017): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.1382.

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Sihn, Duho, and Sung-Phil Kim. "Differential modulation of behavior by infraslow activities of different brain regions." PeerJ 10 (February 1, 2022): e12875. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12875.

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The oscillation phase of electroencephalograms (EEGs) is associated with behavioral performance. Several studies have demonstrated this association for relatively fast oscillations (>1 Hz); a similar finding has also been reported for slower oscillations, showing that behavioral performance is correlated with the phase of infraslow activity (ISA, 0.01–0.1 Hz) of electroencephalography (EEG). However, the previous study only investigated ISA in a local brain region using a relatively simple task (somatosensory discrimination task), leaving it difficult to determine how the EEG ISA for various brain regions is associated with behavioral performance. In addition, it is not known whether the EEG ISA phase modulates more complex behavioral task performance. In the present study, we analyzed the ISA of whole-brain EEG of participants performing various behaviors while playing video games. We found that behavior was associated with the specific oscillation phase of EEG ISA when that behavior was independent of other behaviors. In addition, we found that the EEG ISA oscillation phases modulating the different behaviors varied across brain regions. Our results suggest that the EEG ISA for different brain regions modulates behavioral performance in different ways and such modulation of EEG ISA can be generalized to diverse behaviors. This study may deepen the understanding of how EEG ISA modulates behavior and increases the applicability of EEG ISA.

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Cole, Scott, and Bradley Voytek. "Cycle-by-cycle analysis of neural oscillations." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 849–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00273.2019.

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Neural oscillations are widely studied using methods based on the Fourier transform, which models data as sums of sinusoids. This has successfully uncovered numerous links between oscillations and cognition or disease. However, neural data are nonsinusoidal, and these nonsinusoidal features are increasingly linked to a variety of behavioral and cognitive states, pathophysiology, and underlying neuronal circuit properties. We present a new analysis framework, one that is complementary to existing Fourier and Hilbert transform-based approaches, that quantifies oscillatory features in the time domain on a cycle-by-cycle basis. We have released this cycle-by-cycle analysis suite as “bycycle,” a fully documented, open-source Python package with detailed tutorials and troubleshooting cases. This approach performs tests to assess whether an oscillation is present at any given moment and, if so, quantifies each oscillatory cycle by its amplitude, period, and waveform symmetry, the latter of which is missed with the use of conventional approaches. In a series of simulated event-related studies, we show how conventional Fourier and Hilbert transform approaches can conflate event-related changes in oscillation burst duration as increased oscillatory amplitude and as a change in the oscillation frequency, even though those features were unchanged in simulation. Our approach avoids these errors. Furthermore, we validate this approach in simulation and against experimental recordings of patients with Parkinson’s disease, who are known to have nonsinusoidal beta (12–30 Hz) oscillations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We introduce a fully documented, open-source Python package, bycycle, for analyzing neural oscillations on a cycle-by-cycle basis. This approach is complementary to traditional Fourier and Hilbert transform-based approaches but avoids specific pitfalls. First, bycycle confirms an oscillation is present, to avoid analyzing aperiodic, nonoscillatory data as oscillations. Next, it quantifies nonsinusoidal aspects of oscillations, increasingly linked to neural circuit physiology, behavioral states, and diseases. This approach is tested against simulated and real data.

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Manor, Yair, John Rinzel, Idan Segev, and Yosef Yarom. "Low-Amplitude Oscillations in the Inferior Olive: A Model Based on Electrical Coupling of Neurons With Heterogeneous Channel Densities." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 2736–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2736.

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Manor, Yair, John Rinzel, Idan Segev, and Yosef Yarom. Low-amplitude oscillations in the inferior olive: a model based on electrical coupling of neurons with heterogeneous channel densities. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2736–2752, 1997. The mechanism underlying subthreshold oscillations in inferior olivary cells is not known. To study this question, we developed a single-compartment, two-variable, Hodgkin-Huxley-like model for inferior olive neurons. The model consists of a leakage current and a low-threshold calcium current, whose kinetics were experimentally measured in slices. Depending on the maximal calcium and leak conductances, we found that a neuron model's response to current injection could be of four qualitatively different types: always stable, spontaneously oscillating, oscillating with injection of current, and bistable with injection of current. By the use of phase plane techniques, numerical integration, and bifurcation analysis, we subdivided the two-parameter space of channel densities into four regions corresponding to these behavioral types. We further developed, with the use of such techniques, an empirical rule of thumb that characterizes whether two cells when coupled electrically can generate sustained, synchronized oscillations like those observed in inferior olivary cells in slices, of low amplitude (0.1–10 mV) in the frequency range 4–10 Hz. We found that it is not necessary for either cell to be a spontaneous oscillator to obtain a sustained oscillation. On the other hand, two spontaneous oscillators always form an oscillating network when electrically coupled with any arbitrary coupling conductance. In the case of an oscillating pair of electrically coupled nonidentical cells, the coupling current varies periodically and is nonzero even for very large coupling values. The coupling current acts as an equalizing current to reconcile the differences between the two cells' ionic currents. It transiently depolarizes one cell and/or hyperpolarizes the other cell to obtain the regenerative response(s) required for the synchronized oscillation. We suggest that the subthreshold oscillations observed in the inferior olive can emerge from the electrical coupling between neurons with different channel densities, even if the inferior olive nucleus contains no or just a small proportion of spontaneously oscillating neurons.

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Kim, Bowon, Bernat Kocsis, Eunjin Hwang, Youngsoo Kim, Robert E. Strecker, Robert W. McCarley, and Jee Hyun Choi. "Differential modulation of global and local neural oscillations in REM sleep by homeostatic sleep regulation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 9 (February 13, 2017): E1727—E1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615230114.

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Homeostatic rebound in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep normally occurs after acute sleep deprivation, but REM sleep rebound settles on a persistently elevated level despite continued accumulation of REM sleep debt during chronic sleep restriction (CSR). Using high-density EEG in mice, we studied how this pattern of global regulation is implemented in cortical regions with different functions and network architectures. We found that across all areas, slow oscillations repeated the behavioral pattern of persistent enhancement during CSR, whereas high-frequency oscillations showed progressive increases. This pattern followed a common rule despite marked topographic differences. The findings suggest that REM sleep slow oscillations may translate top-down homeostatic control to widely separated brain regions whereas fast oscillations synchronizing local neuronal ensembles escape this global command. These patterns of EEG oscillation changes are interpreted to reconcile two prevailing theories of the function of sleep, synaptic homeostasis and sleep dependent memory consolidation.

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Ghazanfar, Asif A., and Donald B. Katz. "Distributed neural substrates and the evolution of speech production." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 4 (August 1998): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x9828126x.

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There is evidence of reciprocal connectivity, similarity of oscillatory responses to stimulation of multiple motor and somatosensory cortices, whole system oscillation, and short- latency responses to behavioral perturbation. These suggest that frame/content may be instantiated by overlapping neural populations, and that the genesis of frame oscillations may be profitably thought of as an emergent property of a distributed neural system.

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Liu, Ling, and Huan Luo. "Behavioral oscillation in global/local processing: Global alpha oscillations mediate global precedence effect." Journal of Vision 19, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.5.12.

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Yanagihara, Shin, and Neal A. Hessler. "Phasic basal ganglia activity associated with high-gamma oscillation during sleep in a songbird." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 1 (January 2012): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00790.2011.

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The basal ganglia is thought to be critical for motor control and learning in mammals. In specific basal ganglia regions, gamma frequency oscillations occur during various behavioral states, including sleeping periods. Given the critical role of sleep in regulating vocal plasticity of songbirds, we examined the presence of such oscillations in the basal ganglia. In the song system nucleus Area X, epochs of high-gamma frequency (80–160 Hz) oscillation of local field potential during sleep were associated with phasic increases of neural activity. While birds were awake, activity of the same neurons increased specifically when birds were singing. Furthermore, during sleep there was a clear tendency for phase locking of spikes to these oscillations. Such patterned activity in the sleeping songbird basal ganglia could play a role in off-line processing of song system motor networks.

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Kon, Naohiro, Hsin-tzu Wang, Yoshiaki S. Kato, Kyouhei Uemoto, Naohiro Kawamoto, Koji Kawasaki, Ryosuke Enoki, et al. "Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mediates cold Ca2+ signaling conserved for temperature-compensated circadian rhythms." Science Advances 7, no. 18 (April 2021): eabe8132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe8132.

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Circadian rhythms are based on biochemical oscillations generated by clock genes/proteins, which independently evolved in animals, fungi, plants, and cyanobacteria. Temperature compensation of the oscillation speed is a common feature of the circadian clocks, but the evolutionary-conserved mechanism has been unclear. Here, we show that Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) mediates cold-responsive Ca2+ signaling important for the temperature-compensated oscillation in mammalian cells. In response to temperature decrease, NCX elevates intracellular Ca2+, which activates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and accelerates transcriptional oscillations of clock genes. The cold-responsive Ca2+ signaling is conserved among mice, Drosophila, and Arabidopsis. The mammalian cellular rhythms and Drosophila behavioral rhythms were severely attenuated by NCX inhibition, indicating essential roles of NCX in both temperature compensation and autonomous oscillation. NCX also contributes to the temperature-compensated transcriptional rhythms in cyanobacterial clock. Our results suggest that NCX-mediated Ca2+ signaling is a common mechanism underlying temperature-compensated circadian rhythms both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

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Nakao, Kazuhito, Mahendra Singh, Kiran Sapkota, Bailey C. Hagler, Robert N. Hunter, Chander Raman, John J. Hablitz, and Kazu Nakazawa. "GSK3β inhibition restores cortical gamma oscillation and cognitive behavior in a mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction relevant to schizophrenia." Neuropsychopharmacology 45, no. 13 (August 28, 2020): 2207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-00819-0.

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Abstract Cortical gamma oscillations are believed to be involved in mental processes which are disturbed in schizophrenia. For example, the magnitudes of sensory-evoked oscillations, as measured by auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) at 40 Hz, are robustly diminished, whereas the baseline gamma power is enhanced in schizophrenia. Such dual gamma oscillation abnormalities are also present in a mouse model of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction (Ppp1r2cre/Grin1 knockout mice). However, it is unclear whether the abnormal gamma oscillations are associated with dysfunction in schizophrenia. We found that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is overactivated in corticolimbic parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in Grin1 mutant mice. Here we addressed whether GSK3β inhibition reverses both abnormal gamma oscillations and behavioral deficits with high correlation by pharmacological and genetic approach. We demonstrated that the paralog selective-GSK3β inhibitor, but not GSK3α inhibitor, normalizes the diminished ASSRs, excessive baseline gamma power, and deficits in spatial working memory and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle in Grin1 mutant mice. Cell-type specific GSK3B knockdown, but not GSK3A knockdown, also reversed abnormal gamma oscillations and behavioral deficits. Moreover, GSK3B knockdown, but not GSK3A knockdown, reverses the mutants’ in vivo spike synchrony deficits. Finally, ex vivo patch-clamp recording from pairs of neighboring cortical pyramidal neurons showed a reduction of synchronous spontaneous inhibitory-postsynaptic-current events in mutants, which was reversed by GSK3β inhibition genetically and pharmacologically. Together, GSK3β inhibition in corticolimbic interneurons ameliorates the deficits in spatial working memory and PPI, presumably by restoration of synchronous GABA release, synchronous spike firing, and evoked-gamma power increase with lowered baseline power.

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Wu, Wenfeng, Xiaojiaqi Huang, Xin Qi, and Yongbiao Lu. "Bias of Attentional Oscillations in Individuals with Subthreshold Depression: Evidence from a Pre-Cueing Facial Expression Judgment Task." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 6, 2022): 14559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114559.

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Background: Study results regarding attentional bias in depressed individuals are inconsistent. Recent studies have found that attention is a discrete process, alternating between periods of either enhanced or diminished attention sensitivity. Whether a visual target can be detected depends on when it occurs relative to these oscillation rhythms. We infer that the inconsistency of attentional bias may be related to the abnormality of attentional oscillations in depressed individuals. Methods: A pre-cueing attentional task was used. We set 48 levels of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between cues and targets and measured the response time (RT) of participants, as well as their EEG signals. Results: The RTs showed patterns of behavioral oscillations. Repeated-measure ANOVA indicated that subthreshold depressed participants had significantly higher RTs for negative expressions than for neutral but significantly lower RTs for positive than for neutral. The frequency analysis indicated that the RT oscillational frequency of subthreshold depressed participants to negative/positive expressions was different from that to neutral. The EEG time–frequency analysis showed that when faced with negative expressions, the intensity of the neural alpha oscillatory power of subthreshold depressed participants was significantly lower than that of normal controls. When faced with positive expressions, the intensity of neural alpha oscillatory power was significantly higher than that of normal controls. Conclusion: Compared to normal persons, subthreshold depressed individuals may have biases in both the amplitude and frequency of attentional oscillations. These attentional biases correspond to the intensity of their neural alpha wave rhythms.

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Vern, Boris A., William H. Schuette, Boris Leheta, Vern C. Juel, and Miodrag Radulovacki. "Low-Frequency Oscillations of Cortical Oxidative Metabolism in Waking and Sleep." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 8, no. 2 (April 1988): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1988.52.

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To study the changes in cortical oxidative metabolism and blood volume during behavioral state transitions, we employed reflectance spectrophotometry of the cortical cytochrome c oxidase (cyt aa3) redox state and blood volume in unanesthetized cats implanted with bilateral cortical windows and EEG electrodes. Continuous oscillations in the redox state and blood volume (∼9/min) were observed during waking and sleep. These primarily metabolic oscillations of relatively high amplitude were usually synchronous in homotopic cortical areas, and persisted during barbiturate-induced electrocortical silence. Their mean amplitude and frequency did not vary across different behavioral/EEG states, although the mean levels of cyt aa3 oxidation and blood volume during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep significantly exceeded those during waking and slow-wave sleep. These data suggest the existence of a spontaneously oscillating metabolic phenomenon in cortex that is not directly related to neuroelectric activity. A superimposed increase in cortical oxidative metabolism and blood volume occurs during REM sleep. Experimental data concerning cerebral metabolism and blood flow that are obtained by clinical methods that employ relatively long sample acquisition times should therefore be interpreted with caution.

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Peng, Yujia, and Hongjing Lu. "Behavioral oscillations reveal hierarchical representation of biological motion." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.54.

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Luo, Huan. "Behavioral oscillations: hidden temporal dynamics in visual attention." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.1400.

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Bellet, Joachim, Chih-Yang Chen, and Ziad M. Hafed. "Sequential hemifield gating of α- and β-behavioral performance oscillations after microsaccades." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 5 (November 1, 2017): 2789–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00253.2017.

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Microsaccades are tiny saccades that occur during gaze fixation. Even though visual processing has been shown to be strongly modulated close to the time of microsaccades, both at central and peripheral eccentricities, it is not clear how these eye movements might influence longer term fluctuations in brain activity and behavior. Here we found that visual processing is significantly affected and, in a rhythmic manner, even several hundreds of milliseconds after a microsaccade. Human visual detection efficiency, as measured by reaction time, exhibited coherent rhythmic oscillations in the α- and β-frequency bands for up to ~650–700 ms after a microsaccade. Surprisingly, the oscillations were sequentially pulsed across visual hemifields relative to microsaccade direction, first occurring in the same hemifield as the movement vector for ~400 ms and then the opposite. Such pulsing also affected perceptual detection performance. Our results suggest that visual processing is subject to long-lasting oscillations that are phase locked to microsaccade generation, and that these oscillations are dependent on microsaccade direction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated long-term microsaccadic influences on visual processing and found rhythmic oscillations in behavioral performance at α- and β-frequencies (~8–20 Hz). These oscillations were pulsed at a much lower frequency across visual hemifields, first occurring in the same hemifield as the microsaccade direction vector for ~400 ms before switching to the opposite hemifield for a similar interval. Our results suggest that saccades temporally organize visual processing and that such organization can sequentially switch hemifields.

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Nakajima, Toshi, Haruka Arisawa, Ryosuke Hosaka, and Hajime Mushiake. "Intended arm use influences interhemispheric correlation of β-oscillations in primate medial motor areas." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 5 (November 1, 2017): 2865–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00379.2016.

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To investigate the role of interhemispheric β-synchronization in the selection of motor effectors, we trained two monkeys to memorize and perform multiple two-movement sequences that included unimanual repetition and bimanual switching. We recorded local field potentials simultaneously in the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA to examine how the β-power in both hemispheres and the interhemispheric relationship of β-oscillations depend on the prepared sequence of arm use. We found a significant ipsilateral enhancement of β-power for bimanual switching trials in the left hemisphere and an enhancement of β-power in the right SMA while preparing for unimanual repetition. Furthermore, interhemispheric synchrony in the SMA was significantly more enhanced while preparing unimanual repetition than while preparing bimanual switching. This enhancement of synchrony was detected in terms of β-phase but not in terms of modulation of β-power. Furthermore, the assessment of the interhemispheric phase difference revealed that the β-oscillation in the hemisphere contralateral to the instructed arm use significantly advanced its phase relative to that in the ipsilateral hemisphere. There was no arm use-dependent shift in phase difference in the pairwise recordings within each hemisphere. Both neurons with and without arm use-selective activity were phase-locked to the β-oscillation. These results imply that the degree of interhemispheric phase synchronization as well as phase differences and oscillatory power in the β-band may contribute to the selection of arm use depending on the behavioral conditions of sequential arm use. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We addressed interhemispheric relationships of β-oscillations during bimanual coordination. While monkeys prepared to initiate movement of the instructed arm, β-oscillations in the contralateral hemisphere showed a phase advance relative to the other hemisphere. Furthermore, the sequence of arm use influenced β-power and the degree of interhemispheric phase synchronization. Thus the dynamics of interhemispheric phases and power in β-oscillations may contribute to the specification of motor effectors in a given behavioral context.

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Doering, Grant Navid, Kirsten A. Sheehy, James L. L. Lichtenstein, Brian Drawert, Linda R. Petzold, and Jonathan N. Pruitt. "Sources of intraspecific variation in the collective tempo and synchrony of ant societies." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 6 (August 11, 2019): 1682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz135.

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Abstract Populations of independently oscillating agents can sometimes synchronize. In the context of animal societies, conspicuous synchronization of activity is known in some social insects. However, the causes of variation in synchrony within and between species have received little attention. We repeatedly assessed the short-term activity cycle of ant colonies (Temnothorax rugatulus) and monitored the movements of individual workers and queens within nests. We detected persistent differences between colonies in the waveform properties of their collective activity oscillations, with some colonies consistently oscillating much more erratically than others. We further demonstrate that colony crowding reduces the rhythmicity (i.e., the consistent timing) of oscillations. Workers in both erratic and rhythmic colonies spend less time active than completely isolated workers, but workers in erratic colonies oscillate out of phase with one another. We further show that the queen’s absence can impair the ability of colonies to synchronize worker activity and that behavioral differences between queens are linked with the waveform properties of their societies.

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Ding, Rui, Cunshu Pan, Zhenhua Dai, and Jin Xu. "Lateral Oscillation Characteristics of Vehicle Trajectories on the Straight Sections of Freeways." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 11498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211498.

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The lateral oscillations of vehicle trajectories are a significant cause of collisions. There is a dearth of research, however, on the oscillatory behaviors of vehicles driving on straight sections of freeways. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vehicle type, lane position, and speed on oscillation behavior and to propose quantitative indicators to explain lateral oscillation characteristics. Based on these characteristics, a more appropriate lane width can be determined. First, the k-means algorithm was performed to cluster the vehicles into three categories: passenger cars, medium-large cars, and extra-large trucks. Then, statistical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were employed to elaborate on the speed distribution, lateral amplitude (LA), and distance traveled within the oscillation cycle (DTOC) for various vehicle types. The results show that different types of vehicles have different lateral oscillation tendencies. The LA and DTOC for passenger cars are generally more extensive than for medium-large cars and extra-large trucks, and their oscillation patterns are the most complicated. The vehicle trajectory oscillation pattern varies significantly for different lane positions and speeds, but speed is the dominant influencing factor. The naturalistic driving dataset from German freeways served as the foundation for this study. These results can assist road engineers in better understanding the behavioral characteristics of vehicle trajectory oscillations and designing safer freeways.

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Yang, Yang, Zhengyang Qi, Keye Zhang, and Wenbo Luo. "Behavioral oscillations and their performance in attention and perception." Chinese Science Bulletin 64, no. 5-6 (December 26, 2018): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972018-00566.

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Drewes, Jan. "Oscillations in behavioral performance for rapidly presented natural scenes." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.1402.

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Zhang, Huihui, and David Alais. "Behavioral oscillations of criterion and sensitivity synchronized with action." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (August 31, 2017): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.727.

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Pfurtscheller, Gert, Mario Walther, Günther Bauernfeind, Robert J. Barry, Herbert Witte, and Gernot R. Müller-Putz. "Entrainment of spontaneous cerebral hemodynamic oscillations to behavioral responses." Neuroscience Letters 566 (April 2014): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.037.

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Chen, Danjue, Jorge Laval, Zuduo Zheng, and Soyoung Ahn. "A behavioral car-following model that captures traffic oscillations." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 46, no. 6 (July 2012): 744–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2012.01.009.

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Chen, Danjue, Jorge A. Laval, Soyoung Ahn, and Zuduo Zheng. "Microscopic traffic hysteresis in traffic oscillations: A behavioral perspective." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 46, no. 10 (December 2012): 1440–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2012.07.002.

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Casanova, Manuel F., Mohamed Shaban, Mohammed Ghazal, Ayman S. El-Baz, Emily L. Casanova, Ioan Opris, and Estate M. Sokhadze. "Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy on Evoked and Induced Gamma Oscillations in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Brain Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070423.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally diagnosed neurodevelopmental condition of unknown pathology. Research suggests that abnormalities of elecltroencephalogram (EEG) gamma oscillations may provide a biomarker of the condition. In this study, envelope analysis of demodulated waveforms for evoked and induced gamma oscillations in response to Kanizsa figures in an oddball task were analyzed and compared in 19 ASD and 19 age/gender-matched neurotypical children. The ASD group was treated with low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), (1.0 Hz, 90% motor threshold, 18 weekly sessions) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In ASD subjects, as compared to neurotypicals, significant differences in evoked and induced gamma oscillations were evident in higher magnitude of gamma oscillations pre-TMS, especially in response to non-target cues. Recordings post-TMS treatment in ASD revealed a significant reduction of gamma responses to task-irrelevant stimuli. Participants committed fewer errors post-TMS. Behavioral questionnaires showed a decrease in irritability, hyperactivity, and repetitive behavior scores. The use of a novel metric for gamma oscillations. i.e., envelope analysis using wavelet transformation allowed for characterization of the impedance of the originating neuronal circuit. The results suggest that gamma oscillations may provide a biomarker reflective of the excitatory/inhibitory balance of the cortex and a putative outcome measure for interventions in autism.

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Donoghue, John P., Jerome N. Sanes, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, and Gyöngyi Gaál. "Neural Discharge and Local Field Potential Oscillations in Primate Motor Cortex During Voluntary Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.159.

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Donoghue, John P., Jerome N. Sanes, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, and Gyöngyi Gaál. Neural discharge and local field potential oscillations in primate motor cortex during voluntary movements. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 159–173, 1998. The role of “fast,” or gamma band (20–80 Hz), local field potential (LFP) oscillations in representing neuronal activity and in encoding motor behavior was examined in motor cortex of two alert monkeys. Using chronically implanted microwires, we simultaneously recorded LFPs and single or multiple unit (MU) discharge at a group of sites in the precentral gyrus during trained finger force or reaching movements, during natural reaching and grasping, and during quiet sitting. We evaluated the coupling of oscillations with task-related firing at the same site, the timing of oscillations with respect to the execution of trained and untrained movement, and the temporal synchrony of oscillations across motor cortical sites. LFPs and neural discharge were examined from a total of 16 arm sites (7 sites in 1 monkey and 9 in the other), each showing movement-related discharge modulation and arm microstimulation effects. In the trained tasks, fast LFP and MU oscillations occurred most often during a premovement delay period, ceasing around movement onset. The decrease in oscillation roughly coincided with the appearance of firing rate modulation coupled to the motor action. During this delay, LFP oscillations exhibited either “overlapping” or “mixed” relationships with the simultaneously recorded neural discharge at that site. Overlap was characterized by coincident epochs of increased neural discharge and LFP oscillations. For the mixed pattern, episodes of LFP oscillation typically coincided with periods of diminished firing but overlap also sometimes appeared. Both patterns occurred concurrently across motor cortex during preparation; LFP suppression with motor action was ubiquitous. Fast oscillations reappeared quickly upon transition from quiet sitting to resumption of task performance, indicating an association with task engagement, rather than the general motor inaction of the delay period. In contrast to trained movements, fast oscillations often appeared along with movement during untrained reaching, but oscillations occurred erratically and were not reliably correlated with elevated neural discharge. Synchronous oscillations occurred at sites as much as 5 mm apart, suggesting widespread coupling of neurons and LFP signals in motor cortex. Widespread coupling of oscillatory signals is consistent with the concept that temporal coding processes operate in motor cortex. However, because the relationship between neuronal discharge and the appearance of fast oscillations may be altered by behavioral condition, they must reflect a global process active in conjunction with motor planning or preparatory functions, but not details of motor action encoded in neuronal firing rate.

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Young, Calvin K. "Behavioral significance of hippocampal theta oscillations: looking elsewhere to find the right answers." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 2 (August 2011): 497–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00358.2011.

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The function of hippocampal theta oscillations has been subjected to constant speculation. Dynamic coupling of theta field potentials and spiking activity between the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal structures emphasizes the importance of theta-frequency oscillations in global spike-timing precision in the brain. Recent advances in understanding theta coupling between distant brain structures are discussed and explored in this article.

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Espelt, Maria V., Ana Y. Estevez, Xiaoyan Yin, and Kevin Strange. "Oscillatory Ca2+ Signaling in the Isolated Caenorhabditis elegans Intestine." Journal of General Physiology 126, no. 4 (September 26, 2005): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200509355.

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Defecation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a readily observable ultradian behavioral rhythm that occurs once every 45–50 s and is mediated in part by posterior body wall muscle contraction (pBoc). pBoc is not regulated by neural input but instead is likely controlled by rhythmic Ca2+ oscillations in the intestinal epithelium. We developed an isolated nematode intestine preparation that allows combined physiological, genetic, and molecular characterization of oscillatory Ca2+ signaling. Isolated intestines loaded with fluo-4 AM exhibit spontaneous rhythmic Ca2+ oscillations with a period of ∼50 s. Oscillations were only detected in the apical cell pole of the intestinal epithelium and occur as a posterior-to-anterior moving intercellular Ca2+ wave. Loss-of-function mutations in the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor ITR-1 reduce pBoc and Ca2+ oscillation frequency and intercellular Ca2+ wave velocity. In contrast, gain-of-function mutations in the IP3 binding and regulatory domains of ITR-1 have no effect on pBoc or Ca2+ oscillation frequency but dramatically increase the speed of the intercellular Ca2+ wave. Systemic RNA interference (RNAi) screening of the six C. elegans phospholipase C (PLC)–encoding genes demonstrated that pBoc and Ca2+ oscillations require the combined function of PLC-γ and PLC-β homologues. Disruption of PLC-γ and PLC-β activity by mutation or RNAi induced arrhythmia in pBoc and intestinal Ca2+ oscillations. The function of the two enzymes is additive. Epistasis analysis suggests that PLC-γ functions primarily to generate IP3 that controls ITR-1 activity. In contrast, IP3 generated by PLC-β appears to play little or no direct role in ITR-1 regulation. PLC-β may function instead to control PIP2 levels and/or G protein signaling events. Our findings provide new insights into intestinal cell Ca2+ signaling mechanisms and establish C. elegans as a powerful model system for defining the gene networks and molecular mechanisms that underlie the generation and regulation of Ca2+ oscillations and intercellular Ca2+ waves in nonexcitable cells.

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Haase, V. G., and L. F. M. Diniz. "Synchronizing oscillations: Coding by concurrence and by sequence." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 4 (December 1997): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97291600.

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Synchronizing oscillations may be just one case of integration and/or coding, one which explains associations by concurrence. Understanding the sequencing of neural/behavioral events requires a clock mechanism that imposes structure behind mere associations, and may be best served by dissociating oscillations and synchronization in terms of physiologic and computational mechanisms.

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Young, Malcolm P. "Ethereal oscillations." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16, no. 3 (September 1993): 476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00031216.

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Lee, Hannah, Joseph Burling, and Hongjing Lu. "Linking action words and body movements: Evidence from behavioral oscillations." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.52.

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Lee, D. "Behavioral Context and Coherent Oscillations in the Supplementary Motor Area." Journal of Neuroscience 24, no. 18 (May 5, 2004): 4453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0047-04.2004.

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Yang, Zhaohai, and Amita Sehgal. "Role of Molecular Oscillations in Generating Behavioral Rhythms in Drosophila." Neuron 29, no. 2 (February 2001): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00218-5.

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Dubovik, Sviatlana, Jean-Michel Pignat, Radek Ptak, Tatiana Aboulafia, Lara Allet, Nicole Gillabert, Cécile Magnin, et al. "The behavioral significance of coherent resting-state oscillations after stroke." NeuroImage 61, no. 1 (May 2012): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.024.

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Catanese, Julien, J. Eric Carmichael, and Matthijs A. A. van der Meer. "Low- and high-gamma oscillations deviate in opposite directions from zero-phase synchrony in the limbic corticostriatal loop." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00914.2015.

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The loop structure of cortico-striatal anatomy in principle enables both descending (cortico-striatal) and ascending (striato-cortical) influences, but the factors that regulate the flow of information in these loops are not known. We report that low- and high-gamma oscillations (∼50 and ∼80 Hz, respectively) in the local field potential of freely moving rats are highly synchronous between the infralimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the ventral striatum (vStr). Strikingly, high-gamma oscillations in mPFC preceded those in vStr, whereas low-gamma oscillations in mPFC lagged those in vStr, with short (∼1 ms) time lags. These systematic deviations from zero-phase synchrony were consistent across measures based on amplitude cross-correlation and phase slopes and were robustly maintained between behavioral states and different individual subjects. Furthermore, low- and high-gamma oscillations were associated with distinct ensemble spiking patterns in vStr, even when controlling for overt behavioral differences and slow changes in neural activity. These results imply that neural activity in vStr and mPFC is tightly coupled at the gamma timescale and raise the intriguing possibility that frequency-specific deviations from this coupling may signal transient leader-follower switches.

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Zanos, Panos, Jaclyn N. Highland, Brent W. Stewart, Polymnia Georgiou, Carleigh E. Jenne, Jacqueline Lovett, Patrick J. Morris, et al. "(2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine exerts mGlu2receptor-dependent antidepressant actions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 13, 2019): 6441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819540116.

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Currently approved antidepressant drugs often take months to take full effect, and ∼30% of depressed patients remain treatment resistant. In contrast, ketamine, when administered as a single subanesthetic dose, exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant actions. Preclinical studies indicate that the ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine [(2R,6R)-HNK] is a rapid-acting antidepressant drug candidate with limited dissociation properties and abuse potential. We assessed the role of group II metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 2 (mGlu2) and 3 (mGlu3) in the antidepressant-relevant actions of (2R,6R)-HNK using behavioral, genetic, and pharmacological approaches as well as cortical quantitative EEG (qEEG) measurements in mice. Both ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK prevented mGlu2/3receptor agonist (LY379268)-induced body temperature increases in mice lacking theGrm3, but notGrm2, gene. This action was not replicated by NMDA receptor antagonists or a chemical variant of ketamine that limits metabolism to (2R,6R)-HNK. The antidepressant-relevant behavioral effects and 30- to 80-Hz qEEG oscillation (gamma-range) increases resultant from (2R,6R)-HNK administration were prevented by pretreatment with an mGlu2/3receptor agonist and absent in mice lacking theGrm2, but notGrm3−/−, gene. Combined subeffective doses of the mGlu2/3receptor antagonist LY341495 and (2R,6R)-HNK exerted synergistic increases on gamma oscillations and antidepressant-relevant behavioral actions. These findings highlight that (2R,6R)-HNK exerts antidepressant-relevant actions via a mechanism converging with mGlu2receptor signaling and suggest enhanced cortical gamma oscillations as a marker of target engagement relevant to antidepressant efficacy. Moreover, these results support the use of (2R,6R)-HNK and inhibitors of mGlu2receptor function in clinical trials for treatment-resistant depression either alone or in combination.

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Manabe, Hiroyuki, and Kensaku Mori. "Sniff rhythm-paced fast and slow gamma-oscillations in the olfactory bulb: relation to tufted and mitral cells and behavioral states." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): 1593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00379.2013.

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Odor signals are conveyed from the olfactory bulb (OB) to the olfactory cortex by two types of projection neurons, tufted cells and mitral cells, which differ in signal timing and firing frequency in response to odor inhalation. Whereas tufted cells respond with early-onset high-frequency burst discharges starting at the middle of the inhalation phase of sniff, mitral cells show odor responses with later-onset lower-frequency burst discharges. Since odor inhalation induces prominent gamma-oscillations of local field potentials (LFPs) in the OB during the transition period from inhalation to exhalation that accompany synchronized spike discharges of tufted cells and mitral cells, we addressed the question of whether the odor-induced gamma-oscillations encompass two distinct gamma-oscillatory sources, tufted cell and mitral cell subsystems, by simultaneously recording the sniff rhythms and LFPs in the OB of freely behaving rats. We observed that individual sniffs induced nested gamma-oscillations with two distinct parts during the inhalation-exhalation transition period: early-onset fast gamma-oscillations followed by later-onset slow gamma-oscillations. These results suggest that tufted cells carry odor signals with early-onset fast gamma-synchronization at the early phase of sniff, whereas mitral cells send them with later-onset slow gamma-synchronization. We also observed that each sniff typically induced both fast and slow gamma-oscillations during awake, whereas respiration during slow-wave sleep and rapid-eye-movement sleep failed to induce these oscillations. These results suggest that behavioral states regulate the generation of sniff rhythm-paced fast and slow gamma-oscillations in the OB.

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Watrous, Andrew J., Itzhak Fried, and Arne D. Ekstrom. "Behavioral correlates of human hippocampal delta and theta oscillations during navigation." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 4 (April 2011): 1747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00921.2010.

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Previous rodent studies demonstrate movement-related increases in theta oscillations, and recent evidence suggests that multiple navigationally relevant variables are reflected in this activity. Human invasive recordings have revealed movement-related modulations in delta and theta activity, although it is unclear whether additional behavioral variables are responsible for modulating this neural activity during navigation. We tested the role of delta and theta oscillations during navigation by addressing whether spatial-related processing, in addition to speed and task variables, modulates delta and theta activity. Recording from 317 hippocampal intracranial electrodes in 10 patients undergoing seizure monitoring, we observed increasing delta and theta power with increasing virtual speed at significantly more electrodes than would be expected by chance, replicating previous findings in nonhuman mammals. Delta and theta power were more consistently modulated, however, as a function of spatial view, including when subjects looked at stores in the virtual environment both to find a relevant goal or for spatial updating. A significantly larger proportion of electrodes showed view-related effects than speed-related modulations. Although speed, task, and spatial view affected delta and theta activity, individual electrodes were most frequently modulated by only one variable, rather than a combination of variables. These electrodes likely sampled independent delta and theta generators, which reflected movement-related and allocentric processing, respectively. These results extend previous findings in nonhuman mammals and humans, expanding our knowledge of the role of human hippocampal low-frequency oscillations in navigation.

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Lahtinen, Hannele, J. Matias Palva, Satu Sumanen, Juha Voipio, Kai Kaila, and Tomi Taira. "Postnatal Development of Rat Hippocampal Gamma Rhythm In Vivo." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1469.

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Network oscillations in the gamma-frequency band (20–100 Hz) may have a central role in the timing and coordination of neural activity in the adult brain, yet their appearance in the course of development has remained unexplored. Moreover, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based classification of the vigilance states [active sleep (AS), quiet sleep (QS), or awake (W)] has been thought to be possible only after the second postnatal week. We now report the presence of spontaneous hippocampal gamma oscillations in the area CA3 of freely moving rats at postnatal days (P) 5–10. Initially, at P5, the gamma oscillations were seen in time-frequency analyses of intrahippocampal EEG recordings as brief (<500 ms) bursts at 20–30 Hz. The early gamma rhythmicity was most pronounced during periods of AS but was occasionally detected also during QS. Toward P10, the gamma oscillations gained amplitude and extended also to higher (≤60 Hz) frequencies. In parallel, the gamma oscillations were progressively more and more confined to AS. To further consolidate these findings, we compared amplitude spectra averaged within the behavioral categories. AS was characterized by the appearances of gamma (20–30 Hz) and theta (3–5 Hz) peaks at P6 and at P8, respectively. QS, on the other hand, had considerably smoother amplitude distributions between 1 and 100 Hz for P5–P10, with no peaks in gamma or theta bands. Hippocampal gamma rhythm thus seems to hallmark early AS. Our data provide the first in vivo evidence for both the presence and the behavioral correlate of spontaneous gamma oscillations in the newborn rat.

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Kvašňák, Eugen, Eva Magyarová, Miroslav Domankuš, Michael Tesař, Jaroslava Kymplová, Vitaly Fetissov, Mohammed Abubaker, and Wiam Al Qasem. "10 Minutes Frontal 40 Hz tACS—Effects on Working Memory Tested by Luck-Vogel Task." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13010039.

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Working memory is a cognitive process that involves short-term active maintenance, flexible updating, and processing of goal- or task-relevant information. All frequency bands are involved in working memory. The activities of the theta and gamma frequency bands in the frontoparietal network are highly involved in working memory processes; theta oscillations play a role in the temporal organization of working memory items, and gamma oscillations influence the maintenance of information in working memory. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) results in frequency-specific modulation of endogenous oscillations and has shown promising results in cognitive neuroscience. The electrophysiological and behavioral changes induced by the modulation of endogenous gamma frequency in the prefrontal cortex using tACS have not been extensively studied in the context of working memory. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of frontal gamma-tACS on working memory outcomes. We hypothesized that a 10-min gamma tACS administered over the frontal cortex would significantly improve working memory outcomes. Young healthy participants performed Luck–Vogel cognitive behavioral tasks with simultaneous pre- and post-intervention EEG recording (Sham versus 40 Hz tACS). Data from forty-one participants: sham (15 participants) and tACS (26 participants), were used for the statistical and behavioral analysis. The relative changes in behavioral outcomes and EEG due to the intervention were analyzed. The results show that tACS caused an increase in the power spectral density in the high beta and low gamma EEG bands and a decrease in left-right coherence. On the other hand, tACS had no significant effect on success rates and response times. Conclusion: 10 min of frontal 40 Hz tACS was not sufficient to produce detectable behavioral effects on working memory, whereas electrophysiological changes were evident. The limitations of the current stimulation protocol and future directions are discussed in detail in the following sections.

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Luo, Huan, Bingbing Guo, Jessica Goold, Yan Huang, and Ming Meng. "Human brain mapping of theta-band behavioral oscillations in masked priming." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.1243.

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Song, Kun, Ming Meng, Lin Chen, Ke Zhou, and Huan Luo. "Behavioral Oscillations in Attention: Rhythmic α Pulses Mediated through θ Band." Journal of Neuroscience 34, no. 14 (April 2, 2014): 4837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4856-13.2014.

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Proskovec, Amy L., Alex I. Wiesman, and Tony W. Wilson. "The strength of alpha and gamma oscillations predicts behavioral switch costs." NeuroImage 188 (March 2019): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.016.

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Stamoulis, Catherine, and Andrew G. Richardson. "Application of matched filtering to identify behavioral modulation of brain oscillations." Journal of Computational Neuroscience 29, no. 1-2 (May 8, 2009): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10827-009-0160-8.

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Mikkonen, J. E., T. Grönfors, J. J. Chrobak, and M. Penttonen. "Hippocampus Retains the Periodicity of Gamma Stimulation In Vivo." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 2349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00591.2002.

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Several behavioral state dependent oscillatory rhythms have been identified in the brain. Of these neuronal rhythms, gamma (20–70 Hz) oscillations are prominent in the activated brain and are associated with various behavioral functions ranging from sensory binding to memory. Hippocampal gamma oscillations represent a widely studied band of frequencies co-occurring with information acquisition. However, induction of specific gamma frequencies within the hippocampal neuronal network has not been satisfactorily established. Using both in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings from anesthetized rats, we show that hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells can discharge at frequencies determined by the preceding gamma stimulation, provided that the gamma is introduced in theta cycles, as occurs in vivo. The dynamic short-term alterations in the oscillatory discharge described in this paper may serve as a coding mechanism in cortical neuronal networks.

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Rickard, Rachel E., Andrew M. J. Young, and Todor V. Gerdjikov. "Cortical Local Field Potential Power Is Associated with Behavioral Detection of Near-threshold Stimuli in the Rat Whisker System: Dissociation between Orbitofrontal and Somatosensory Cortices." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 1 (January 2018): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01187.

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There is growing evidence that ongoing brain oscillations may represent a key regulator of attentional processes and as such may contribute to behavioral performance in psychophysical tasks. OFC appears to be involved in the top–down modulation of sensory processing; however, the specific contribution of ongoing OFC oscillations to perception has not been characterized. Here we used the rat whiskers as a model system to further characterize the relationship between cortical state and tactile detection. Head-fixed rats were trained to report the presence of a vibrotactile stimulus (frequency = 60 Hz, duration = 2 sec, deflection amplitude = 0.01–0.5 mm) applied to a single vibrissa. We calculated power spectra of local field potentials preceding the onset of near-threshold stimuli from microelectrodes chronically implanted in OFC and somatosensory cortex. We found a dissociation between slow oscillation power in the two regions in relation to detection probability: Higher OFC but not somatosensory delta power was associated with increased detection probability. Furthermore, coherence between OFC and barrel cortex was reduced preceding successful detection. Consistent with the role of OFC in attention, our results identify a cortical network whose activity is differentially modulated before successful tactile detection.

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Sheremet, A., J. P. Kennedy, Y. Qin, Y. Zhou, S. D. Lovett, S. N. Burke, and A. P. Maurer. "Theta-gamma cascades and running speed." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 444–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00636.2018.

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Oscillations in the hippocampal local field potential at theta and gamma frequencies are prominent during awake behavior and have demonstrated several behavioral correlates. Both oscillations have been observed to increase in amplitude and frequency as a function of running speed. Previous investigations, however, have examined the relationship between speed and each of these oscillation bands separately. Based on energy cascade models where “…perturbations of slow frequencies cause a cascade of energy dissipation at all frequency scales” (Buzsaki G. Rhythms of the Brain, 2006), we hypothesized that cross-frequency interactions between theta and gamma should increase as a function of speed. We examined these relationships across multiple layers of the CA1 subregion, which correspond to synaptic zones receiving different afferents. Across layers, we found a reliable correlation between the power of theta and the power of gamma, indicative of an amplitude-amplitude relationship. Moreover, there was an increase in the coherence between the power of gamma and the phase of theta, demonstrating increased phase-amplitude coupling with speed. Finally, at higher velocities, phase entrainment between theta and gamma increases. These results have important implications and provide new insights regarding how theta and gamma are integrated for neuronal circuit dynamics, with coupling strength determined by the excitatory drive within the hippocampus. Specifically, rather than arguing that different frequencies can be attributed to different psychological processes, we contend that cognitive processes occur across multiple frequency bands simultaneously with organization occurring as a function of the amount of energy iteratively propagated through the brain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Often, the theta and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus have been believed to be a consequence of two marginally overlapping phenomena. This perspective, however, runs counter to an alternative hypothesis in which a slow-frequency, high-amplitude oscillation provides energy that cascades into higher frequency, lower amplitude oscillations. We found that as running speed increases, all measures of cross-frequency theta-gamma coupling intensify, providing evidence in favor of the energy cascade hypothesis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Behavioral oscillations'

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