Journal articles: 'Behavioral Exercise Psychology'

1

Dubbert, Patricia M. "Exercise in behavioral medicine." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 60, no. 4 (1992): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.60.4.613.

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Lievens, Filip, Etienne Van Keer, and Ellen Volckaert. "Gathering Behavioral Samples Through a Computerized and Standardized Assessment Center Exercise." Journal of Personnel Psychology 9, no. 2 (January 2010): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000010.

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Although computerization and standardization might make assessment center (AC) exercises easier to administer and score, drawbacks are that most of such exercises have a static and multiple-choice format. This study reports on the development and initial validation of a computerized and standardized AC exercise that simulates key managerial tasks. This AC exercise capitalizes not only on the benefits of computerization and standardization (efficiency and cost savings) but at the same time aims to avoid their usual drawbacks (lower response fidelity and interactivity). The composite exercise score was significantly related to several criteria of interest and had incremental validity beyond cognitive ability. The exercise was also significantly related to candidates’ people management competencies.

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Milne, Marcia I., Wendy M. Rodgers, Craig R. Hall, and Philip M. Wilson. "Starting up or Starting Over: The Role of Intentions to Increase and Maintain the Behavior of Exercise Initiates." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 30, no. 3 (June 2008): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.3.285.

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Across various social cognitive theories, behavioral intention is broadly argued to be the most proximal and important predictor of behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, & Russell, 1998; Rogers, 1983). It seems probable that an intention to increase behavior might be differentially determined from an intention to maintain behavior. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine (1) the change in two types of behavioral intention over time and (2) the relationship between intention and the social-cognitive factor mental imagery. Behavioral intention, exercise imagery, and observed exercise behavior was measured in 68 exercise initiates participating in a 12-week exercise program. Results revealed that behavioral intention to increase exercise behavior decreased over the exercise program, whereas intentions to maintain exercise behavior increased. Appearance and technique imagery were found to be significant predictors of intention to increase behavior during the first 6 weeks of the program, and only appearance imagery predicted intention to maintain exercise behavior during the last 6 weeks. These findings suggest that the two types of behavioral intention are distinguishable and may be useful targets for exercise behavior interventions.

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Fulmer, Russell. "Teaching Moral Philosophy in the Behavioral Sciences: An Efficacy Study." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v8n2p62.

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Normative ethics is the philosophical basis for the American Psychological Association’s (2010) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, the applied ethics by which the psychology profession is governed. Concerned with the theories that help to determine right and wrong, normative ethics is an indispensable yet ostensibly inaccessible realm of study for clinical psychologists. This article presents a comprehensible exercise that professors and supervisors versed in normative ethics can administer to students and clinicians in training to help them clarify and articulate their beliefs. Results are presented that support the efficacy of the exercise in terms of increased normative awareness, heightened self-knowledge, and broadened worldviews. Implications for the utility of the exercise in the clinical psychology and health fields at large are also discussed.

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Kaushal, Navin, Kathy Berlin, and Martin S. Hagger. "Determinants of Virtual Exercise Equipment Use: An Integrated Model Investigation." Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 44, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0143.

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Background: Given the limited research on behavioral determinants of using virtual exercise machines to engage in exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study applied an integrated behavior change model to identify behavioral determinants using these machines. Method: Adult owners of livestreaming virtual exercise equipment (N = 123) completed measures of social cognition, planning, motivation, virtual exercise machine features, and sociostructural variables at an initial occasion (T1) and 4 weeks later (T2). Hypothesized relations among model constructs were tested using a cross-lagged structural equation model with past behavior and sociostructural variables as covariates. Results: Autonomous motivation predicted intentions and habit indirectly via attitudes and perceived behavioral control at T1; virtual exercise machine features predicted intention and habit indirectly via social cognition constructs at T1; and intention and habit at T1 predicted exercise behavior at T2. Conclusions: This study supports social cognition constructs and virtual features as predictors of exercise using virtual exercise machines.

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Finlay, Krystina A., David Trafimow, and Aimee Villarreal. "Predicting Exercise and Health Behavioral Intentions: Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Other Behavioral Determinants1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, no. 2 (February 2002): 342–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00219.x.

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Craighead, Linda Wilcoxon, and Miriam D. Blum. "Supervised exercise in behavioral treatment for moderate obesity." Behavior Therapy 20, no. 1 (1989): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(89)80117-0.

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Loprinzi, Paul D., and Emily Frith. "Interhemispheric Activation and Memory Function: Considerations and Recommendations in the Context of Cardiovascular Exercise Research." Psychological Reports 122, no. 6 (July 30, 2018): 2396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118790906.

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The field of neurobiology of learning and memory has demonstrated that interhemispheric activation plays an important role in subserving episodic memory function. A common behavioral technique to induce interhemispheric activation includes saccadic eye movements, with a common behavioral marker being the degree of handedness. Importantly, however, the field of exercise neurobiology has yet to consider these behavioral techniques and markers in exercise-based studies. This review highlights the effects of these techniques and markers on episodic memory function and discusses the implications of this for exercise studies. We discuss the physiological and neurological mechanisms of interhemispheric activation on memory. We also discuss the role this may play in cardiorespiratory exercise studies. Our understanding of the role of both exercise and interhemispheric activation on memory function is improving. The interplay between these two factors on memory, however, is unknown. We discuss these implications and provide recommendations for future research.

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Imai, Hissei, Toshiaki A. Furukawa, Shin-u. Hayashi, Atsushi Goto, Kazuo Izumi, Yasuaki Hayashino, and Mitsuhiko Noda. "Risk perception, self-efficacy, trust for physician, depression, and behavior modification in diabetic patients." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 3 (July 7, 2017): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317718057.

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We evaluated the associations of risk perception, self-efficacy, and trust with two health promotion behaviors (food habits and exercise) and depressive mood. Diabetic patients aged between 40 and 64 ( n = 1195) were included in the analyses. Risk perception worsened behavioral changes in terms of food habits and depression, whereas self-efficacy and trust improved food habits, exercise, and depression; trust improved exercise and depression. In conclusion, self-efficacy and trust appear to be more beneficial than risk perception for positive behavioral changes and for improving depression in diabetic patients. However, their influence on behavioral changes may be different according to the types of behaviors.

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Beneke, William M., and Benjamin F. Timson. "Some Health-Risk Benefits of Behavioral Weight-Loss Treatments." Psychological Reports 61, no. 1 (August 1987): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.1.199.

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This study reports assessment of some beneficial effects of behavioral weight-control treatments on measures of cardiovascular health. 31 women participated for each experiment. In Exp. 1, a 12-wk. dietary program resulted in mean reductions of 5.3 kg of weight, including 4.2 kg of fat, 24% in HDL-cholesterol and 11.95 mg/dl in Total Cholesterol, but no changes in cardiopulmonary fitness. Exp. 2 compared two 16-wk. treatments which added exercise self-management with and without additional structured-group exercise to the dietary component. No differences or interactions between treatments were significant. Combined data showed a mean weight loss of 8.3 kg, including 8.8 kg of fat, a 22% decrease in serum triglycerides, and a 22% increase in duration of exercise combined with a 5% reduction in maximal heart rate. These beneficial effects of including exercise in behavioral weight-loss treatments with women should be experimentally verified.

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Takenaka, Koji. "Signiticance of psychological effects on sports and exercise : exercise psychology and behavioral science for physical activity." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 44, no. 3 (1999): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003397521.

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Annesi, James J. "Relationship between Exercise Professionals' Behavioral Styles and Clients' Adherence to Exercise." Perceptual and Motor Skills 89, no. 2 (October 1999): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1999.89.2.597.

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Annesi, James J., and Linda M. Otto. "Relationship between Number of Exercise Counseling Sessions Attended and Adherence to a New Exercise Program." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3 (June 2004): 907–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.907-908.

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Attendance at treatment sessions based on cognitive-behavioral and social cognitive theory were significantly correlated with exercise session drop out ( rpb = –.56) and attendance ( rpb = .69) in 130 adults beginning new exercise programs.

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Kendzierski, Deborah. "Exercise self-schemata: Cognitive and behavioral correlates." Health Psychology 9, no. 1 (1990): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.9.1.69.

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Shaver, Kelly G., and Linda R. Scott. "Person, Process, Choice: The Psychology of New Venture Creation." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 16, no. 2 (January 1992): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879201600204.

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Psychology can be distinguished from other behavioral sciences by its emphasis on the behavior of the individual person. Behavior, in turn, is influenced by the way in which the external world is represented in the mind, and by the individual's exercise of choice. The article examines the possibility that relatively enduring attributes of the person might affect entrepreneurial activity, describes the social cognitive processes Involved in constructing representations of the external environment, and suggests which motivational variables affect behavioral choices. Although past research on “the psychology of the entrepreneur” has not been productive, a psychological approach based on persons, process, and choice holds promise for the future.

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Moustaka, Frederiki C., Symeon P. Vlachopoulos, Spyridoula Vazou, Maria Kaperoni, and David A. Markland. "Initial Validity Evidence for the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 Among Greek Exercise Participants." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 26, no. 4 (January 2010): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000036.

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The present study investigated the factor structure, scale dimensionality, discriminant validity, internal consistency, simplex structure, and nomological validity of the Greek translation of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2; Markland & Tobin, 2004 ). A total of 733 Greek exercise participants completed the translated scale to indicate their reasons for participation in structured exercise programs. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the a priori 5-factor structure with strong internal consistency for the instrument subscales. Further support was obtained for the simplex pattern as well as the nomological correlations of the translated BREQ-2 responses with self-determination theory variables. Overall, the results provided initial support for the psychometric value of the Greek translation of the BREQ-2, rendering it appropriate for continued self-determination exercise research among Greek-speaking exercise participants.

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Annesi, James J. "Effects of a Computer Feedback Treatment and Behavioral Support Protocol on Drop out from a Newly Initiated Exercise Program." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 1 (August 2007): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.1.55-66.

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Drop out from newly initiated exercise regimens is problematic. Three treatments intended to support new exercise programs (standard exercise counseling, computer feedback, and behavioral support) were tested to estimate their association with drop out over the initial 3 and 6 mo. Data from a total of 1,336 adults (44% men; Mage = 41.9 yrs., SD = 9.8) initiating exercise programs at 18 community exercise facilities (six in each of the three treatment groups) were aggregated by facility on a measure of drop out and were then contrasted both within and between groups. After a mixed model repeated-measures analysis of variance was significant overall, planned contrasts were conducted using the Tukey-Kramer test. Significantly less drop out was found at Month 3 for both the computer support (27%) and behavioral support (17%) groups, when contrasted with the standard exercise counseling group (38%). Behavioral support had significantly less drop out than computer feedback at Month 3. The behavioral support group showed significantly less drop out at Month 6 (33%) when contrasted with both the standard exercise counseling (58%) and computer feedback (52%) groups, which did not significantly differ from one another. Limitations and the need to evaluate and extend research on interventions for reducing drop out from exercise programs were discussed.

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Lee, Hyo. "The Role of Descriptive Norm within the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Korean Americans' Exercise Behavior." Psychological Reports 109, no. 1 (August 2011): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/06.07.pr0.109.4.208-218.

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There are few studies investigating psychosocial mechanisms in Korean Americans' exercise behavior. The present study tested the usefulness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting Korean American's exercise behavior and whether the descriptive norm (i.e., perceptions of what others do) improved the predictive validity of the theory of planned behavior. Using a retrospective design and self-report measures, web-survey responses from 198 Korean-American adults were analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses. The theory of planned behavior constructs accounted for 31% of exercise behavior and 43% of exercise intention. Intention and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of exercise behavior. Although the descriptive norm did not augment the theory of planned behavior, all original constructs—attitude, injunctive norm (a narrow definition of subjective norm), and perceived behavioral control—statistically significantly predicted leisure-time physical activity intention. Future studies should consider random sampling, prospective design, and objective measures of physical activity.

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Hammermeister, Jon J., Randy M. Page, and Dennis Dolny. "Psychosocial, Behavioral, and Biometric Characteristics of Stages of Exercise Adoption." Psychological Reports 87, no. 1 (August 2000): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.1.205.

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This study incorporates the Stages of Change model to examine the relationship between the stages of exercise adoption and indicators of health and fitness. Subjects were 198 United States Forest Service (USFS) workers recruited from 8 USFS ranger stations in the Pacific Northwest. Analysis indicated that those subjects in Action and Maintenance stages of exercise adoption differed significantly from those in Preparation and Precontemplation/Contemplation stages on a variety of indicators of both health and fitness. Also, interesting differences were noted among the physically inactive stages, e.g., Preparation stage subjects showed lower triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and higher HDL cholesterol compared with subjects in the Precontemplation/Contemplation stage. Progressing to the Preparation stage, where the individual remains inactive but is aware of the problem and has begun to make small changes, is associated with a differing (more positive) health profile in this study compared to those in the Precontemplation/Contemplation stage. These results imply that simply advancing in stage can have a variety of health benefits.

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Brinthaupt, Thomas M., Minsoo Kang, and Mark H. Anshel. "A delivery model for overcoming psycho-behavioral barriers to exercise." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 11, no. 4 (July 2010): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.03.003.

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HAMMERMEISTER, JON J. "PSYCHOSOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STAGES OF EXERCISE ADOPTION." Psychological Reports 87, no. 5 (2000): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.87.5.205-217.

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Bum, Chul-Ho. "Relationships Between Self-Leadership, Commitment to Exercise, and Exercise Adherence Among Sport Participants." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7371.

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I investigated the structural relationships between self-leadership, exercise commitment, and exercise adherence intention with a sample of 280 sport participants. My analysis of the questionnaires that participants completed showed that, first, the 3 factors of self-leadership (behavior-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought pattern strategies) significantly influenced sport participants' commitment to exercise. Second, both cognitive and behavioral commitment significantly strengthened sport participants' exercise adherence intention. In terms of indirect effects, the impact of the 3 factors of self-leadership on exercise adherence intention was mediated by exercise commitment. My results suggest that strengthening sport participants' self-management contributes to improving exercise commitment and adherence, thus verifying the importance of individual self-leadership.

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Yee Ng, Jenny Yuen, Sing Fai Tam, Wing Wai Yew, and Wah Kit Lam. "EFFECTS OF VIDEO MODELING ON SELF-EFFICACY AND EXERCISE PERFORMANCE OF COPD PATIENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 27, no. 5 (January 1, 1999): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1999.27.5.475.

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The purpose of this study was to study the effect of an exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation program for persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Effects of a complemented video-modeling strategy were studied and compared to the control group which adopted behavioral training strategies in the exercise program only. Eleven patients with COPD received a one-month (three times per week) behavioral exercise program with video modeling. Another eleven patients participated in a control group which performed the same exercise without video modeling. The patients' exercise intensity was monitored by pre-study stress tests to ensure that the participants were all having a comparable level of sub-maximal exercise. They participated in an exercise program which included gradual upgrading of walking on the treadmill, or cycling, and a five-point rating scale assessed their performance level. Their self-efficacy was assessed by using an exercise self-efficacy scale complemented with open-ended questions to elicit their viewpoints on factors affecting their exercise performance, including the video modeling strategy. From the results, both groups showed statistically significant improvement in exercise performance and self-efficacy. Participants in the video-modeling group showed greater — though not statistically significant — improvement compared to the control group in both exercise performance and self-efficacy. The video modeling group generally held positive viewpoints on using video modeling as an effective training strategy to improve the outcome of the pulmonary rehabilitation program.

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Jordan, Barney E., and Anthony R. Perry. "Health-Risk Behavior and the Type a Behavior Pattern." Psychological Reports 61, no. 3 (December 1987): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.3.963.

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Although the Type A pattern has been established as a risk factor for coronary heart disease, it is not clear whether the pattern is associated with other health-risk behaviors. 26 men and 59 women completed the student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey and a questionnaire concerning smoking, drinking, exercise, and seatbelt use. Type A behavior was not related to these behavioral risk factors. Smokers, however, reported using seatbelts less often than nonsmokers. In addition, men drank more and women exercised more.

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Sebire, Simon J., Martyn Standage, Fiona B. Gillison, and Maarten Vansteenkiste. "“Coveting Thy Neighbour’s Legs”: A Qualitative Study of Exercisers’ Experiences of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goal Pursuit." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 35, no. 3 (June 2013): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.3.308.

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Goals are central to exercise motivation, although not all goals (e.g., health vs. appearance goals) are equally psychologically or behaviorally adaptive. Within goal content theory (Vansteenkiste, Niemiec, & Soenens, 2010), goals are adaptive to the extent to which they satisfy psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. However, little is known about what exercisers pursuing different goals are feeling, doing, thinking, and paying attention to that may help to explain the association between goal contents and need satisfaction. Using semistructured interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis, we explored experiences of exercise among 11 adult exercisers who reported pursuing either predominantly intrinsic or extrinsic goals. Four themes emerged: (a) observation of others and resulting emotions, (b) goal expectations and time perspective, (c) markers of progress and (d) reactions to (lack of) goal achievement. Intrinsic and extrinsic goal pursuers reported divergent experiences within these four domains. The findings illuminate potential mechanisms by which different goals may influence psychological and behavioral outcomes in the exercise context.

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Kolk, Nanja J., Marise Ph Born, and Henk van der Flier. "A Triadic Approach to the Construct Validity of the Assessment Center." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 20, no. 3 (January 2004): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.20.3.149.

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Abstract: This study examined the influence on construct validity of implementing the triad Feeling, Thinking, and Power as a taxonomy for behavioral dimensions in assessment center (AC) exercises. A sample of 1567 job applicants participated in an AC specifically developed according to this taxonomy. Each exercise tapped three dimensions, one dimension from each cluster of the taxonomy. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the multitrait-multimethod matrix showed evidence for construct validity. Thus, the ratings matched the a priori triadic grouping to a good extent. Practical implications are discussed.

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Yin, Zenong, and Michael P. Boyd. "Behavioral and Cognitive Correlates of Exercise Self-Schemata." Journal of Psychology 134, no. 3 (May 2000): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980009600867.

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Pila, Eva, Angela Stamiris, Andree Castonguay, and Catherine M. Sabiston. "Body-Related Envy: A Social Comparison Perspective in Sport and Exercise." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 36, no. 1 (February 2014): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0100.

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These three studies sought to better understand experiences of body-related envy and to examine the association with motivation and exercise behavior in young adult males and females. In an interview study, participants (N = 11) discussed body-related envy within a framework of social comparison. In Study 2, a thematic content analysis was conducted on self-reported narratives of body-related envy experiences reported by 288 participants. Themes of body-related envy triggers, cognitions, and cognitive and behavioral outcomes were identified. Findings from Studies 1 and 2 highlighted the possible link between body-related envy and exercise motivation and behavior. Study 3 tested these associations with males and females (N = 595) who completed a self-report questionnaire. In the structural equation model, body-related envy was positively associated with external, introjected, and identified regulations, and identified regulation was positively associated with exercise behavior. Taken together, the importance of body-related envy in the experience of cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes related to sport and exercise contexts is highlighted.

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Sibley, Benjamin A., Lee Hancock, and Shawn M. Bergman. "University Students' Exercise Behavioral Regulation, Motives, and Physical Fitness." Perceptual and Motor Skills 116, no. 1 (February 2013): 322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/06.10.pms.116.1.322-339.

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Andersen, Mark B., Penny McCullagh, and Gabriel J. Wilson. "But What Do the Numbers Really Tell Us?: Arbitrary Metrics and Effect Size Reporting in Sport Psychology Research." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 29, no. 5 (October 2007): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.5.664.

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Many of the measurements used in sport psychology research are arbitrary metrics, and researchers often cannot make the jump from scores on paper-and-pencil tests to what those scores actually mean in terms of real-world behaviors. Effect sizes for behavioral data are often interpretable, but the meaning of a small, medium, or large effect for an arbitrary metric is elusive. We reviewed all the issues in the 2005 volumes of the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, The Sport Psychologist, and the Journal of Applied Sport Psychology to determine whether the arbitrary metrics used in sport psychology research were interpreted, or calibrated, against real-world variables. Of the 54 studies that used quantitative methods, 25 reported only paper-and-pencil arbitrary metrics with no connections to behavior or other real-world variables. Also, 44 of the 54 studies reported effect sizes, but only 7 studies, using both arbitrary and behavioral metrics, had calculated effect indicators and interpreted them in terms of real-world meaning.

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Huffman, Jeffery C., Ariana M. Albanese, Kirsti A. Campbell, Christopher M. Celano, Rachel A. Millstein, Carol A. Mastromauro, Brian C. Healy, et al. "The Positive Emotions after Acute Coronary Events behavioral health intervention: Design, rationale, and preliminary feasibility of a factorial design study." Clinical Trials 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2017): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774516673365.

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Background: Positive psychological constructs, such as optimism, are associated with greater participation in cardiac health behaviors and improved cardiac outcomes. Positive psychology interventions, which target psychological well-being, may represent a promising approach to improving health behaviors in high-risk cardiac patients. However, no study has assessed whether a positive psychology intervention can promote physical activity following an acute coronary syndrome. Objective: In this article we will describe the methods of a novel factorial design study to aid the development of a positive psychology-based intervention for acute coronary syndrome patients and aim to provide preliminary feasibility data on study implementation. Methods: The Positive Emotions after Acute Coronary Events III study is an optimization study (planned N = 128), subsumed within a larger multiphase optimization strategy iterative treatment development project. The goal of Positive Emotions after Acute Coronary Events III is to identify the ideal components of a positive psychology-based intervention to improve post-acute coronary syndrome physical activity. Using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, Positive Emotions after Acute Coronary Events III aims to: (1) evaluate the relative merits of using positive psychology exercises alone or combined with motivational interviewing, (2) assess whether weekly or daily positive psychology exercise completion is optimal, and (3) determine the utility of booster sessions. The study’s primary outcome measure is moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at 16 weeks, measured via accelerometer. Secondary outcome measures include psychological, functional, and adherence-related behavioral outcomes, along with metrics of feasibility and acceptability. For the primary study outcome, we will use a mixed-effects model with a random intercept (to account for repeated measures) to assess the main effects of each component (inclusion of motivational interviewing in the exercises, duration of the intervention, and inclusion of booster sessions) from a full factorial model controlling for baseline activity. Similar analyses will be performed on self-report measures and objectively-measured medication adherence over 16 weeks. We hypothesize that the combined positive psychology and motivational interviewing intervention, weekly exercises, and booster sessions will be associated with superior physical activity. Results: Thus far, 78 participants have enrolled, with 72% of all possible exercises fully completed by participants. Conclusion: The Positive Emotions after Acute Coronary Events III study will help to determine the optimal content, intensity, and duration of a positive psychology intervention in post-acute coronary syndrome patients prior to testing in a randomized trial. This study is novel in its use of a factorial design within the multiphase optimization strategy framework to optimize a behavioral intervention and the use of a positive psychology intervention to promote physical activity in high-risk cardiac patients.

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Taylor, Jim. "On Exercise and Sport Avoidance: A Reply to Dr. Albert Ellis." Sport Psychologist 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.8.3.262.

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The objective of this article is to reply to Dr. Albert Ellis’s application of his rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) paradigm to the issue of exercise and sport avoidance. This article begins with a consideration of why people avoid exercise and sport participation and an identification of what needs to be modified for people to initiate and adhere to exercise and sport programs. Then, in reponse to Dr. Ellis’s discussion, some of the key elements of his proposed program are reviewed. Additionally, some of his techniques are reinterpreted in a manner with which exercise/sport psychologists may be more familiar. Also, some suggestions are offered to enhance the impact of REBT to exercise and sport avoidance.

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Welsh, M. Cay, and Elise E. Labbé. "Children and Aerobic Exercise: A Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Effects." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 58, no. 3 (December 1994): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1994.1042.

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Annesi, James J. "Correlations of Changes in Weight and Body Satisfaction for Obese Women Initiating Exercise: Assessing Effects of Ethnicity." Psychological Reports 105, no. 3_suppl (December 2009): 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.f.1072-1076.

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A significant relationship between changes in Body Mass Index and Body Areas Satisfaction scores was found for a sample of obese Euro-American ( n = 97), but not for African-American ( n = 79), women initiating a moderate exercise program. For the African-American women only, compliance with the assigned exercise regimen directly predicted change in Body Areas Satisfaction. Implications of ethnicity for behavioral weight loss treatment were discussed.

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Annesi, James J. "Improvements in Self-Concept Associated with Reductions in Negative Mood in Preadolescents Enrolled in an After-School Physical Activity Program." Psychological Reports 97, no. 2 (October 2005): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.2.400-404.

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Preadolescents enrolled in either a 3 times per week, 12-week exercise program ( n = 50) or a no-exercise program control condition ( n = 42) during their after-school care, were assessed for indication of whether exercise-induced changes in self-concept and overall negative mood were negatively correlated. Significant improvements in ratings of self-concept and of negative mood were found over 12 wk. Inverse relationships were found between changes in physical self-concept with overall self-concept and negative mood ( r = –.40 and –.36, respectively). Results supported the positive effect of exercise on the assessed psychological factors in preadolescents. Cognitive behavioral theory-based explanations of the findings were discussed.

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Coleman, Mick, Martha A. Washington, and Sharon Price. "Physical Exercise, Social Background, and the Well-Being of Older Adult Women." Perceptual and Motor Skills 60, no. 3 (June 1985): 737–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.60.3.737.

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28 older women participating in an exercise program were compared to 30 older women not participating in an exercise program on two behavioral measures. There were no significant main effects for participation-nonparticipation in an exercise program. Significant main effects were found, however, for each of three social variables.

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Cardinal, Bradley J. "EFFECTS OF BEHAVIORAL MONITORING ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF EXERCISE BEHAVIOR." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1997.25.1.13.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect behavioral monitoring had on female adults' physical activity behavior and the psychosocial determinants of their exercise behavior. The sample consisted of 23 adults (M age=33.5 yr.). Those in the experimental group (n=12) attended a onehour educational seminar, were taught to monitor their behavior using a Caltrac accelerometer, and were issued a Caltrac accelerometer to wear for 14 consecutive days. Those in the control group (n=11) attended the educational program only. At pre- and post-intervention, measures of physical activity and exercise behavior, adherence, identity, and self-efficacy were obtained. A 2 × 2 repeated measures MANOVA revealed no significant between, within, or interaction effects.

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Poag-ducharme, Kimberley A., and Lawrence R. Brawley. "Perceptions of the behavioral influence of goals: A mediational relationship to exercise." Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 6, no. 1 (March 1994): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10413209408406464.

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Pan, Xuan. "EXERCISE UNDER DEATH-ANXIETY: INVESTIGATING INDIVIDUAL EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR FROM PERSPECTIVE OF TERROR MANAGEMENT AND BEHAVIORAL IMMUNE SYSTEM INTRODUCTION." Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 1, no. 2020 (July 13, 2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/jass.2020.01.1.

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Annesi, James J. "Relations of Body Esteem Factors with Exercise Session Attendance in Women Initiating a Physical Activity Program." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 3_suppl (June 2005): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.3c.995-1003.

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Based on tenets of cognitive behavioral and social cognitive theory, the association of change in body-esteem factors and attendance in a newly initiated, 12-wk. cardiovascular exercise program was estimated in women (age range = 21 to 60 years, M = 41.4, SD = 12.2). For the group given the exercise program ( n = 48), there were significant positive changes on the Weight Control and Physical Condition scores of the Body Esteem Scale at 12 weeks, but not on Sexual Attractiveness scores. For the no-exercise control group ( n = 30), no significant changes were found on any of the Body Esteem Scale subscales. For the exercise group, regression analyses indicated between 8% and 9% of the variance in exercise session attendance was accounted for by the changes in scores on each of the three subscales. Entering age into multiple regression equations did not increase the explained variances in attendance. The fit of the findings within behavioral theory, implications for change in exercise behavior, and the need for replication and extension were discussed.

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Schumacher, Leah M., Stephanie G. Kerrigan, Jocelyn E. Remmert, Christine C. Call, Fengqing Zhang, and Meghan L. Butryn. "I think therefore I Am? Examining the relationship between exercise identity and exercise behavior during behavioral weight loss treatment." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 43 (July 2019): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.01.012.

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Ludyga, Sebastian, Markus Gerber, Manuel Mücke, Serge Brand, Peter Weber, Mark Brotzmann, and Uwe Pühse. "The Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Flexibility and Task-Related Heart Rate Variability in Children With ADHD and Healthy Controls." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 5 (February 22, 2018): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718757647.

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Objective: To investigate cognitive flexibility and task-related heart rate variability following moderately intense aerobic exercise and after watching a video in both children with ADHD and healthy controls. Method: Using a cross-over design, participants completed cognitive assessments following exercise and a physically inactive control condition. Behavioral performance was assessed using the Alternate Uses task. Heart rate variability was recorded via electrocardiography during the cognitive task. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that in comparison with the control condition, both groups showed higher cognitive flexibility following aerobic exercise. Moreover, decreased low frequency and high frequency power was observed in the exercise condition. Conclusion: The findings suggest that exercise elicits similar benefits for cognitive flexibility in children with ADHD and healthy controls, partly due to an increase in arousal induced by parasympathetic withdrawal.

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Hertwig, Ralph, and Till Grüne-Yanoff. "Nudging and Boosting: Steering or Empowering Good Decisions." Perspectives on Psychological Science 12, no. 6 (August 9, 2017): 973–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691617702496.

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In recent years, policy makers worldwide have begun to acknowledge the potential value of insights from psychology and behavioral economics into how people make decisions. These insights can inform the design of nonregulatory and nonmonetary policy interventions—as well as more traditional fiscal and coercive measures. To date, much of the discussion of behaviorally informed approaches has emphasized “nudges,” that is, interventions designed to steer people in a particular direction while preserving their freedom of choice. Yet behavioral science also provides support for a distinct kind of nonfiscal and noncoercive intervention, namely, “boosts.” The objective of boosts is to foster people’s competence to make their own choices—that is, to exercise their own agency. Building on this distinction, we further elaborate on how boosts are conceptually distinct from nudges: The two kinds of interventions differ with respect to (a) their immediate intervention targets, (b) their roots in different research programs, (c) the causal pathways through which they affect behavior, (d) their assumptions about human cognitive architecture, (e) the reversibility of their effects, (f) their programmatic ambitions, and (g) their normative implications. We discuss each of these dimensions, provide an initial taxonomy of boosts, and address some possible misconceptions.

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Jain, Preeti, Aprajita, Peeyush Jain, Ajay Kumar Jain, and Rashmi Babbar. "Influence of Affective Changes on Behavioral and Cognitive Performances After Acute Bout of Exhaustive Exercise." Journal of Psychophysiology 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000105.

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of acute, exhaustive, exercise on affective responses (affective valence and activation) and behavioral and cognitive performances in medical students using circumplex model, reaction time (RT), and P300, respectively. Twelve healthy, untrained, male medical students participated in self-controlled, counterbalanced trial conducted over two sessions: baseline and exercise. In the baseline session, recordings of auditory reaction time (ART), visual RT (VRT), and P300 latency and amplitude (using acoustic “oddball” paradigm) were taken at the end of 15 min seated rest. Exercise session comprised of continuous maximal graded incremental exercise until volitional exhaustion, on a computer-based motorized treadmill and recordings done after heart rate returned to within +10% of pre-exercise values. Perceived exertion, affective valence, and activation were assessed pre-exercise, during (30 s before the end of each stage), and post-exercise (immediately, 5 and 10 min after) by Borg’s scale, feeling scale (FS), and felt-arousal scale (FAS), respectively. There was marked variability in individual affective responses to a single bout of exhaustive exercise with few subjects showing activated pleasure (Energetic Arousal) and others showing activated displeasure (Tense arousal). The results further indicated an overall improvement in behavioral (as evidenced by the decrease in ART and VRT) and cognitive performances (as evidenced by increase in the P300 amplitude and decrease in the P300 latency) in medical students in the exercise session relative to the baseline session despite bidirectional shifts in valence suggesting that interdependent neural systems might mediate these effects.

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Castell, Bronwyn D., Nikolaos Kazantzis, and Rona E. Moss-Morris. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Graded Exercise for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis." Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 18, no. 4 (December 2011): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2011.01262.x.

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Liao, Yue, Jaejoon Song, Michael C. Robertson, Emily Cox-Martin, and Karen Basen-Engquist. "An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Investigating Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy as Mediators of Affective and Physiological Responses and Exercise Among Endometrial Cancer Survivors." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 54, no. 5 (November 13, 2019): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaz050.

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Abstract Background Previous studies have shown affective and physiological states in response to exercise as predictors of daily exercise, yet little is known about the mechanism underlying such effects. Purpose To examine the mediating effects of self-efficacy and outcome expectancy on the relationships between affective and physiological responses to exercise and subsequent exercise levels in endometrial cancer survivors. Methods Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys were delivered up to eight 5- to 7-day periods over 6 months. Participants (n = 100) rated their affective and physiological states before and after each exercise session (predictors) and recorded their self-efficacy and outcome expectancy each morning (mediators). Exercise (outcome) was based on self-reported EMA surveys and accelerometer measures. A 1-1-1 multilevel mediation model was used to disaggregate the within-subject (WS) and between-subject (BS) effects. Results At the WS level, a more positive affective state after exercise was associated with higher self-efficacy and positive outcome expectation the next day, which in turn was associated with higher subsequent exercise levels (ps < .05). At the BS level, participants who typically had more positive affective and experienced less intense physiological sensation after exercise had higher average self-efficacy, which was associated with higher average exercise levels (ps < .05). Conclusions In endometrial cancer survivors, affective experience after exercise, daily self-efficacy and positive outcome expectation help explain the day-to-day differences in exercise levels within-person. Findings from this study highlight potentials for behavioral interventions that target affective experience after exercise and daily behavioral cognitions to promote physical activity in cancer survivors’ everyday lives.

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Patten, Christi A., Colin A. Armstorng, John E. Martin, James F. Sallis, and Jennifer Booth. "Behavioral control of exercise in adults: Studies 7 and 8." Psychology & Health 15, no. 4 (July 2000): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870440008402014.

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Houghton, Laura J., and Zoe R. Knowles. "Improving Health Behaviors and Outcomes: An Intervention to Support Engagement in Physical Activity." Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology 1, no. 1 (January 2017): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssep.2017-0006.

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The purpose of this case study is to offer reflections on the personal experiences, processes of behavioral change; and subsequent outcomes of designing and implementing a collaborative exercise psychology intervention. The intervention, based on Bandura’s (1977) Self Efficacy Theory and using self-efficacy related behavior change techniques (Michie et al., 2015), aimed to provide families affected by health inequalities with opportunities to enhance their understanding of health and make positive behavioral changes. This case is based around one female client aged 48 years of age who took part in the project with her ten-year-old daughter. Pre-intervention the client was engaging in minimal levels of weekly physical activity and reported poor self-rated mental well-being. Through improvements in self-efficacy, achieved through opportunities on the project, the client was able to make notable improvements to her physical activity levels leading to significant weight loss and improvements in mental well-being. From the practitioners’ perspective, reflection on areas for future work within the field of exercise psychology, particularly guidance on developing effective client-practitioner relationships with ‘hard-to-reach’ individuals and groups is warranted. More consideration for the suitability of the PA guidelines for individuals with poor physical and mental health is also required.

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Westerterp, Klaas R. "Exercise Endocrinology." Physiology & Behavior 80, no. 5 (February 2004): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.08.014.

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Snow, Janeanne T., and Mary B. Harris. "Maintenance of Weight Loss after a Very-Low-Calorie Diet Involving Behavioral Treatment." Psychological Reports 76, no. 1 (February 1995): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.1.82.

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The long-term effects of a very-low-calorie diet coupled with behavioral therapy were studied for 209 subjects. Although a low goal weight, frequent calorie counting and exercise, and a later age of onset of obesity predicted a low relative weight, most respondents had regained most of the weight they had lost.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Behavioral Exercise Psychology'

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