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Journal articles on the topic 'Beetles Victoria Central Highlands Ecology'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Cook, IO, and PY Ladiges. "Morphological variation within Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. and recognition of a new species, E. denticulata." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 2 (1991): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910375.

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The complete geographic range of Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. (shining gum) was sampled to determine the pattern of variation in adult and seedling morphology. Analyses of the different data sets indicated the presence of two distinct taxa: one, characterised by denticulate adult leaf margins, is described as E. denticulata sp. nov.; the other, characterised by entire leaf margins, is E. nitens s. str. Many other characters distinguish the two taxa. Mature trees of E. denticulata have leaves with higher oil gland density, longer peduncles, more cup-shaped rather than barrel-shaped fruit, more frequently exserted valves, and rounded and longer flower buds compared with E. nitens s. str. Seedlings of the two species can be distinguished mainly on the basis that those of E. denticulata have longer internodes and leaves which clasp the stem to a lesser extent. The major occurrence of E. denticulata is on the Errinundra Plateau, East Gippsland, with limited occurrences in the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is found in isolated stands in New South Wales and Victoria. The two species are allopatric, with the exception of the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria where some stands are mixed. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is also geographically variable, comprising three distinct geographic races: northern and central New South Wales, southern New South Wales, and the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria.

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2

Burns, Emma L., David B. Lindenmayer, John Stein, Wade Blanchard, Lachlan McBurney, David Blair, and Sam C. Banks. "Ecosystem assessment of mountain ash forest in the Central Highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia." Austral Ecology 40, no. 4 (September 25, 2014): 386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12200.

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3

Collett, N. G. "Catastrophic wildfire and its short-term effects on families of Order Coleoptera (beetles) inEucalyptus regnansforest in the Central Highlands of Victoria." Australian Forestry 63, no. 1 (January 2000): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2000.10674808.

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4

APPLEBY, MATTHEW W. A. "The incidence of exotic species following clearfelling of Eucalyptus regnans forest in the Central Highlands, Victoria." Austral Ecology 23, no. 5 (October 1998): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1998.tb00753.x.

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5

Cook, Ian O., and Pauline Y. Ladiges. "Isozyme Variation in Eucalyptus nitens and E. denticulata." Australian Journal of Botany 46, no. 1 (1998): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96072.

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Seed samples from 22 populations across the geographic range ofE. nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden s. str. andE. denticulata I.O. Cook & P.Y. Ladiges wereanalysed for isozyme variation and estimation of the genetic distance betweenthe two taxa. Analysis of 12 enzyme systems in 3 buffer systems revealed 12polymorphic and 5 monomorphic loci. The results confirm the distinctiveness ofE. nitens and E. denticulatapreviously reported for morphological characteristics. A single population ofthe related species E. quadrangulata Deane & Maidenwas distinct from, and more heterogeneous than, populations of the other two taxa. The results also show regional genetic variation withinE. nitens that correlates with observed differences inmorphology. Three races were identified: northern and central NSW; southern NSW and Mt Kay in eastern Victoria; Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands inVictoria. Geographically isolated populations, particularly from central andnorthern NSW, showed the least genetic variation. Variation was highest in anequivocal population from Mt Gregory, central Victoria, where the distributionof E. nitens overlaps with that ofE. denticulata.

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6

MCKENZIE, G. MERNA. "The late Quaternary vegetation history of the south-central highlands of Victoria, Australia. I. Sites above 900 m." Austral Ecology 22, no. 1 (March 1997): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00638.x.

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7

McKenzie, G. Merna. "The late Quaternary vegetation history of the south-central highlands of Victoria, Australia. II. Sites below 900 m." Austral Ecology 27, no. 1 (January 11, 2002): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01155.x.

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8

SIMKIN, ROHAN, and PATRICK J. BAKER. "Disturbance history and stand dynamics in tall open forest and riparian rainforest in the Central Highlands of Victoria." Austral Ecology 33, no. 6 (September 2008): 747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01843.x.

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9

Viggers, K. L., and D. B. Lindenmayer. "A population study of the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus caninus) in the central highlands of Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 48, no. 2 (2000): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo99040.

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Life-history attributes are described for the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus caninus) in mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forest at Cambarville in the central highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The population was trapped on a regular basis between 1992 and 1995. Population density of T. caninus at Cambarville was high (2.3 animals ha–1). The adult sex ratio was female-biased (1.4 : 1) and the age class structure differed between sexes. There were more adult females than males in very old age classes (those animals assigned to Age Classes 7–9 and exceeding an estimated 10 years of age), whereas there were more males in the young adult cohorts (Age Classes 3 and 4). The breeding season was restricted to March–April, when a single young was produced. A second young was not produced if the first was lost. The survival of young from birth to emergence from the pouch showed strong between-year variation (30–80%). Sex ratios at birth were strongly male-biased (average = 2.6 : 1) but female young were far more likely to survive to advanced back-young stage. Breeding success of females at Cambarville was not influenced by the presence of semi-independent young from a previous year remaining in the natal territory. There was some evidence of senescence in breeding success among females in older age cohorts (Age Classes 7–9) and these animals did not successfully rear young. Many animals were trapped repeatedly at the same place, whereas others ranged over a much wider area (up to 3 ha). There was also considerable overlap between individuals in the spatial location of the areas where they were trapped.

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10

BROWN, G. W., and J. L. NELSON. "Influence of successional stage of Eucalyptus regnans (mountain ash) on habitat use by reptiles in the Central Highlands, Victoria." Austral Ecology 18, no. 4 (December 1993): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00468.x.

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11

Lindenmayer, D. B., C. I. MacGregor, R. B. Cunningham, R. D. Incoll, M. Crane, D. Rawlins, and D. R. Michael. "The use of nest boxes by arboreal marsupials in the forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria." Wildlife Research 30, no. 3 (2003): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02047.

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The results are reported of a nest-box study conducted in two locations in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria (south-eastern Australia) to compare usage of different nest-box designs located at different heights in trees. A total of 96 nest boxes was established using a rigorous experimental design – two regions (Powelltown and Toolangi State Forests), two forest age classes (20-year post-logging regrowth and 60-year fire- and salvage-logging regrowth), two nest-box designs (large boxes with large entrance holes and small boxes with small entrance holes), and two heights at which nest boxes were attached to trees (3 m and 8 m above the ground). The study entailed setting out four nest boxes at each of 24 sites to meet the design criteria. Evidence of occupancy by vertebrates was recorded in a total of 19 of 96 boxes on 11 of 24 sites site during regular inspections over more than three years. Thirteen boxes were used by Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), six by the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus cunninghami) and seven by the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus). The common ringtail possum and mountain brushtail possum were seen only in high–large boxes but Leadbeater's possum used all but the low–large boxes. There was evidence of spatial dependence in usage patterns, with all four boxes at a given site showing signs of eventually being occupied. Only two nest boxes located in mountain ash forest regenerating after the 1939 wildfires were occupied. Relatively limited use of nest boxes supports concerns about the use of a nest box over large scales and long timeframes as an effective recovery tool for species threatened by the loss and subsequent shortage in the numbers of naturally occurring hollows.

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12

LINDENMAYER, D. B., and K. OUGH. "Salvage Logging in the Montane Ash Eucalypt Forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria and Its Potential Impacts on Biodiversity." Conservation Biology 20, no. 4 (March 10, 2006): 1005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00501.x.

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13

Welsh, A. H., D. B. Lindenmayer, C. F. Donnelly, and A. Ruckstuhl. "Use of nest trees by the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus caninus) (Phalangeridae : Marsupialia). IV. Transitions between den trees." Wildlife Research 25, no. 6 (1998): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97080.

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Statistical models of the patterns of den-tree choice by the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus caninus) at Cambarville in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the central highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia are presented. These models enable us to predict, for a particular possum, the choice of den tree on the basis of patterns of recent den-tree usage and are required for individual-based simulation studies. The models show that the pattern of den-tree use is more complicated than might have been expected, in the sense that it is animal-specific, and that old animals exhibit more complicated patterns of den-tree choice than young ones.

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14

McKenzie, G. Merna, and A. Peter Kershaw. "A Vegetation History and Quantitative Estimate of Holocene Climate from Chapple Vale, in the Otway Region of Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 45, no. 3 (1997): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96051.

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A well-dated pollen record from Chapple Vale in the north of the Otway region provides a detailed history of vegetation and environments through the last c. 7000 years. From the commencement of the record, a stand of cool temperate rainforest, dominated by Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst., grew on or around the site and was surrounded by eucalypt-dominated tall open forest. Between c. 5200 and 4600 years BP (before present), the rainforest declined and tall open forest predominated. Some time after 4400 years BP there was a major and consistent increase in charcoal values, suggesting an increase in burning, the progressive development of scrub–heath vegetation on site and the replacement of tall open forest vegetation by eucalypt woodland surrounding the site. The fossil evidence for N. cunninghamii on the site and its present restriction to wetter areas and gullies of the Otway Ranges indicate, from the application of the present bioclimatic range of the species, a mean annual temperature and winter temperatures that were c. 1˚C cooler than present, and summer temperatures that were possibly slightly cooler than present, together with a much higher effective precipitation from the commencement of the record until c. 4600 years BP. These climatic estimates are in accord with those derived from a similar study of changing distributions of N. cunninghamii in the Central Highlands of lower mean annual and cooler summer temperatures and higher effective precipitation over this time span. However, for winter, the evidence is equivocal. While the Otway estimates suggest lower temperatures, the Central Highlands findings show slightly higher temperatures. Taking into account additional present-day records for N. cunninghamii, it is likely that the Otway estimates are the most reliable.

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15

Vardon, Michael, Heather Keith, and David Lindenmayer. "Accounting and valuing the ecosystem services related to water supply in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia." Ecosystem Services 39 (October 2019): 101004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.101004.

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16

Lindenmayer, DB, A. Welsh, CF Donnelly, and RB Cunningham. "Use of Nest Trees by the Mountain Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus Caninus) (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia). Ii. Characteristics of Occupied Trees." Wildlife Research 23, no. 5 (1996): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960531.

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The use of den trees by a population of the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosorus caninus) in forests of mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) at Cambarville, in the central Highlands of Victoria, is described. Relationships are explored between the use of trees with hollows by 16 radio-tracked T. caninus and a range of measures of the morphological characteristics of the 113 different den trees they occupied. The results of the analyses indicate that the most used trees contained a relatively large number of cavities and were not surrounded by dense vegetation. Male possums were found most frequently in the southern part of the 35-ha study area, and females were found most often in the northern part.

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17

Gillespie, GR, and GJ Hollis. "Distribution and habitat of the spotted tree-frog, Litoria spenceri Dubois (Anura : Hylidae), and an assessment of potential causes of population declines." Wildlife Research 23, no. 1 (1996): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960049.

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An extensive survey of the distribution and abundance of the spotted tree frog, Litoria spenceri, was conducted throughout its range in the Central and Eastern Highlands of Victoria and parts of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory between November 1991 and April 1994. Of the 64 streams surveyed, Litoria spenceri was recorded along 16, 15 in Victoria and one in New South Wales. The species was located along six streams in which it had not been recorded before, but could not be found along four streams in which it had previously been recorded. The survey failed to detect L. spenceri at historical sites on four other streams but located it elsewhere along those streams. Frogs were located predominantly in association with rocky banks adjacent to fast flowing water. Most populations occurred in dissected mountainous country, generally in areas with limited access and disturbance. Analysis of disturbance histories at individual sites and within catchments supporting the species indicates an association between the contraction in distribution and a number of human disturbances to forest and riparian habitats.

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18

Wills, Timothy J., and Alex S. Kutt. "The effect of targeted high-threat weed control on wet forest understorey vegetation in the Central Highlands region, Victoria." Ecological Management & Restoration 17, no. 3 (September 2016): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12236.

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19

Lindenmayer, D. B., A. Welsh, and C. F. Donnelly. "The use of nest trees by the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus caninus) (Phalangeridae : Marsupialia). V. Synthesis of studies." Wildlife Research 25, no. 6 (1998): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97081.

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A general synthesis is presented of the key results of a series of studies of den tree use by the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus caninus) at Cambarville in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the central highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The project produced a range of unexpected results including (1) the number of den trees used, (2) the extent of den sharing, especially among adult males, (3) the overlap in denning ranges of animals, and (4) the predictability of transitions between den trees. Possible reasons for these findings are outlined. We also discuss the limitations of our study, how it could be improved if it were to be repeated, and some of the important implications of the findings for the management of forests where T. caninus occurs.

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20

Spring, Daniel A., Michael Bevers, John OS Kennedy, and Dan Harley. "Economics of a nest-box program for the conservation of an endangered species: a reappraisal." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 1992–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-139.

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An optimization model is developed to identify timing and placement strategies for the installation of nest boxes and the harvesting of timber to meet joint timberwildlife objectives. Optimal management regimes are determined on the basis of their impacts on the local abundance of a threatened species and net present value (NPV) and are identified for a range of NPV levels to identify production possibility frontiers for abundance and NPV. We apply the model to a case study focusing on an area of commercially productive mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) forest in the Central Highlands region of Victoria, Australia. The species to be conserved is Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy), which is locally limited by a scarcity of nesting hollows. The modeling is exploratory but indicates that nest boxes may offer a promising population recovery tool if consideration is taken of their placement and areal extent through time.

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21

A. McAlpine, C., D. B. Lindenmayer, T. J. Eyre, and S. R. Phinn. "Landscape surrogates of forest fragmentation: Synthesis of Australian Montreal Process case studies." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 2 (2002): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020108.

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Habitat loss and fragmentation are key biodiversity indicators of the Montreal Protocol for monitoring progress towards ecologically sustainable forest management. Over the last 15 years, an array of landscape metrics have been developed as spatial measures of habitat loss and fragmentation. However, most metrics require rigorous empirical testing if they are to provide scientifically credible information to managers and policy makers. We present a synthesis of three Australian case studies for developing Montreal Indicator 1.1e, fragmentation of forest type, each representing different levels of landscape modification: St Mary State Forest, south-east Queensland; Tumut, southern New South Wales; and the Central Highlands, Victoria. Collectively, the studies found that no single landscape metric captured the response of the target species and fauna assemblages, or served as a reliable ecological surrogate for the conservation of a large set of species. Rather, species demonstrated a diversity of responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. Fragmentation effects were more important for the Tumut study, but not important for the Central Highlands study. Stand-scale habitat variables and area of suitable habitat were dominant explanatory variables for the St Mary study. Differences in observed response are partly explained by: (i) differences in landscape structure, particularly the proportion of preferred forest habitat remaining; (ii) differences in the ecology of target species; and (iii) the insensitivity of the landscape measures. Based on the outcomes of the three case studies, we propose principles for developing landscape surrogates for conserving biodiversity in Australia's eucalypt forest landscapes.

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22

Lindenmayer, D. B., R. D. Incoll, R. B. Cunningham, M. L. Pope, C. F. Donnelly, C. I. MacGregor, C. Tribolet, and B. E. Triggs. "Comparison of hairtube types for the detection of mammals." Wildlife Research 26, no. 6 (1999): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99009.

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We compare detection rates of different species of mammals by three types of hairtubes in both the mountain ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria and a range of wet forest types at Tumut in southern New South Wales. The types of hairtubes were a small-diameter PVC pipe, a large-diameter PVC pipe and a newly constructed tapered hair funnel. Data were analysed for brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii), bush rat (Rattus fuscipes), common wombat (Vombatus ursinus), swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) and common and mountain brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula and T. caninus). The most effective hairtube type (i.e. the one yielding the highest number of detections) varied between species: small hairtubes forR. fuscipes, hair funnels for Trichosurus spp., and large hairtubes for V. ursinus and W. bicolor. For A. stuartii, the most effective hairtube type differed between the two study regions (hair funnels in Victoria and small hairtubes at Tumut). Detection by more than one hairtube type at a given plot was uncommon. Our findings have important implications for field surveys and how data gathered from such studies are interpreted. For example, if the aim of field survey is to detect a wide range of species then several types of hairtubes may need to be deployed.

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23

Lindenmayer, DB, RB Cunningham, MT Tanton, and HA Nix. "Aspects of the Use of Den Trees by Arboreal and Scansorial Marsupials Inhabiting Montane Ash Forests in Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 1 (1991): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910057.

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The time and height of emergence from den trees occupied by various species of arboreal marsupials inhabiting the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, in south-east Australia, were recorded from September 1988 to January 1989. There were significant differences in emergence time among most species of arboreal marsupials. Emergence time was strongly correlated with published values of body weight, field metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate. The entrance to the nest was higher in gliding species than those which are non-volant. Small species exhibited a significant preference for den sites with a hole as the entrance. The entrance of a den occupied by large species was typically a hole in a hollow branch or spout. The selection of den sites was related to the body size of the occupant. Differences in the type and height of the entrance to the nest, together with the time of emergence from the den, indicate partitioning of the nest tree resource between the various species inhabiting montane ash forests.

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24

Lindenmayer, DB, and RA Meggs. "Use of Den Trees by Leadbeater's Possum (Gymnobelideus Leadbeateri)." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 6 (1996): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960625.

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The results of a radio-tracking study of the uses of den trees by Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy) at Cambarville in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia, are described. Animals were radio-tracked for three periods of 5-20 days in July 1990, November 1990 and July 1991. A total of 14 individuals was tracked and they occupied 11 different trees with hollows on the 10-ha study site. Preliminary findings showed that some animals moved between hollows in different trees, and most animals used two or more trees. The distances between utilised trees usually exceeded 50 m. Possible reasons for the den-swapping behaviour include attempts to either or both relieve burdens of ecto-parasites and to reduce the risk of predation. There were several examples, in each of the three radio-tracking periods, of two or more radio-collared adult breeding female animals simultaneously co-occupying the same nest tree. This result was different from some of the general findings of an earlier study of G. leadbeateri at Cambarville.

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25

Lindenmayer, DB, RB Cunningham, MT Tanton, AP Smith, and HA Nix. "Habitat Requirements of the Mountain Brushtail Possum and the Greater Glider in the Montane Ash-Type Eucalypt Forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria." Wildlife Research 17, no. 5 (1990): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9900467.

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26

MORAVEC, JIŘÍ, and MILOŠ TRÝZNA. "New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles—25. Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) borisbubeniki sp. nov., compared to P. (M.) andreevae Moravec, 2007 and a revised key to the species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." Zootaxa 5155, no. 2 (June 21, 2022): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5155.2.4.

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Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) borisbubeniki sp. nov., is described from the Ambohitantely Special Reserve on the north-eastern edge of the Central Highlands, Madagascar. The new species is compared to the externally similar P. (Microstenocera) andreevae Moravec, 2007, and both are treated as members of the P. (Microstenocera) fleutiauxi species-group (as proposed in the monograph of the genus Pogonostoma Klug, 1835 by Moravec 2007). A revised key to species of the species-group is presented to supplement the key in the monograph. Habitus and diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated in colour photographs. Not-yet-published photographs of a male allotype of P. (M.) andreevae and important diagnostic characters of this similar species, including those of one newly caught female, are provided to complete the illustrations published previously in the monograph. The habitat and ecology of the new species with essential maps of disjunct distributions of the two species are also presented.

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27

Lindenmayer, D. B., R. B. Cunningham, and M. A. McCarthy. "The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the montane ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. VIII. Landscape analysis of the occurrence of arboreal marsupials." Biological Conservation 89, no. 1 (July 1999): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00116-5.

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28

Lindenmayer, DB, K. Ritman, RB Cunningham, JBD Smith, and D. Horvath. "A method for predicting the spatial distribution of arboreal marsupials." Wildlife Research 22, no. 4 (1995): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950445.

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A method is described for predicting the spatial distribution of arboreal marsupials. The approach is demonstrated using a statistical habitat association model for the greater glider (Petauroides volans), developed in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the central highlands of Victoria. The method is applied to predict the spatial distribution of P. volans in the Ada Forest Block, using forestinventory data on the values of the two significant variables in the statistical model (the age of a stand of forest and the abundance of large trees with hollows in a 3-ha area). The application of the model enabled values for the estimated probability of occurrence of P, volans (with a 95% confidence interval) to be generated for each of approximately 2200 3-ha pixels in the Ada Forest Block. A kernel smoothing procedure was then applied to allow for the spatial dependence implicit in these data. The standard measures of statistical uncertainty employed in our analysis revealed substantial variation in the predicted probability of occurrence of P. volans, even though the terms in the statistical relationship were highly significant. However, whilst the model is unable to reliably predict the occurrence of P. volans at any given 3-ha site, tests of the performance of the model showed that it performed well when the results of field surveys were aggregated over many sites. The results of our analysis emphasise the importance of including measures of uncertainty in spatial predictions generated from statistical models.

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29

Lindenmayer, D. B., and H. P. Possingham. "The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the montane ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia — VII. Modelling the persistence of Leadbeater's possum in response to modified timber harvesting practices." Biological Conservation 73, no. 3 (1995): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)00121-6.

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30

Lindenmayer, D. B., R. B. Cunningham, and C. F. Donnelly. "The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the montane ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria, South-east Australia, IV. The presence and abundance of Arboreal marsupials in retained linear habitats (wildlife corridors) within logged forest." Biological Conservation 66, no. 3 (1993): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90006-m.

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31

Lindenmayer, D. B., R. B. Cunningham, M. T. Tanton, and A. P. Smith. "The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, south-east Australia: II. The loss of trees with hollows and its implications for the conservation of leadbeater's possum Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy (marsupialia: petauridae)." Biological Conservation 54, no. 2 (1990): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(90)90138-f.

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32

Lindenmayer, D. B., R. B. Cunningham, and C. F. Donnelly. "The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the montane ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia, VI. The performance of statistical models of the nest tree and habitat requirements of arboreal marsupials applied to new survey data." Biological Conservation 70, no. 2 (1994): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90282-8.

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Lindenmayer, D. B., R. B. Cunningham, C. F. Donnelly, B. J. Triggs, and M. Belvedere. "The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the montane ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria, South-Eastern Australia V. Patterns of use and the microhabitat requirements of the mountain brushtail possum Trichosurus caninus ogilby in retained linear habitats (wildlife corridors)." Biological Conservation 68, no. 1 (1994): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90545-2.

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Lindenmayer, DB, RC Lacy, VC Thomas, and TW Clark. "Predictions of the impacts of changes in population size and environmental variablitity on Leadbeater's possum, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy (Marsupialia: Petauridae) using population viability analysis: an application of the computer program VORTEX." Wildlife Research 20, no. 1 (1993): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930067.

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Population Viability Analysis (PVA) uses computer modelling to simulate interacting deterministic and stochastic factors (e.g. demographic, genetic, spatial, environmental and catastrophic processes) that act on small populations and assess their long-term vulnerability to extinction. The computer program VORTEX was used in a PVA of Leadbeater's possum, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy, an endangered arboreal marsupial that is restricted to the montane ash forests of the central highlands of Victoria. PVA was used to examine the impacts of changes in the size of subpopulations and the effects of environmental variation. Our analyses demonstrated that an annual linear decline in the carrying capacity in all or parts of the habitat will lead to the extinction of G. leadbeateri in those areas. Mean time to extinction was related to the rate of annual decrease. This conclusion is of practical and management importance as there is presently a decline in suitable habitat because of an annual loss of more than 3.5% of trees with hollows, which provide nest sites for G. leadbeateri. Because nest sites are a factor that limits populations of G. leadbeateri, the species could be lost from large areas within the next 50 years. PVA was also used to determine the viability of populations in areas, such as oldgrowth forest, where there is not likely to be a steady decline in habitat carrying capacity resulting from the loss of trees with hollows. This allowed an analysis of the cumulative impacts of small population size, environmental variation and genetic factors, which showed that, for a 100-year projection, simulated populations of 200 animals or more remained demographically stable and experienced a less than 10% decline in predicted genetic variability. However, the relatively simplified nature of population modelling and the suite of assumptions that underpin VORTEX mean that the probability of extinction of populations of this size may be greater than determined in this study. As a result, it is possible that only populations of more than 200 animals may persist in the long term where suitable habitat can be conserved or established and subsequently maintained without a reduction in carrying capacity.

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Bedner, Adriaan, Joachim Sterly, H. J. M. Claessen, Jan Rensel, Peter Eeuwijk, Norbert Kohnen, C. D. Grijns, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 155, no. 1 (1999): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003883.

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- Adriaan Bedner, Joachim Sterly, Simbu plant-lore; Plants used by the people in the Central Highlands of New Guinea; Volume 1: The people and their plant-lore; Volume 2: Botanical survey of Simbu plants; Volume 3: Ethnographical key. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1997, 23 9 + 323 + 275 pp. - H.J.M. Claessen, Jan Rensel, Home in the islands; Housing and social change in the Pacific. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1997, vii + 264 pp., Margaret Rodman (eds.) - Peter van Eeuwijk, Norbert Kohnen, Traditionelle Medizin auf den Philippinen; Angstbewältigung und kognition bei Krankheiten. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1992, 396 pp. [Beiträge zur Südasienforschung 154.] - C.D. Grijns, William A. Smalley, Linguistic diversity and national unity; Language ecology in Thailand. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994, xv + 436 pp. - Nico Kaptein, Ulrike Freitag, Hadhrami traders, scholars, and statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s. Leiden: Brill, 1997, x + 392 pp., William G. Clarence-Smith (eds.) - Elsbeth Locher-Scholten, Raden Ajeng Kartini, On feminism and nationalism; Kartini’s letters to Stella Zeehandelar 1899-1903, translated and with an introduction by Joost Coté. Clayton, Victoria: Monash Asia Instiute, Monash University, xxiii + 129 pp. - Alison Murray, L. Manderson, Sites of desire, economies of pleasure: Sexualities in Asia and the Pacific. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997, xii + 367 pp., M. Jolly (eds.) - Chris Penders, Harry A. Poeze, Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch-Indië, Deel IV, 1935-1941. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 1994, xciv + 485 pp. - Kathryn Robinson, Henk Schulte Nordholt, The spell of power; A history of Balinese politics 1650-1940. Leiden: The KITLV Press, 1996, ix + 389 pp. [VKI 170.] - Eric Tagliacozzo, Carl A. Trocki, Gangsters, democracy, and the state in Southeast Asia. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, 1998, 94 pp. [Cornell University Southeast Asia Program Publication 17.] - Gerard Termorshuizen, Tom van den Berge, Karel Frederick Holle; Theeplanter in Indië, 1829-1896. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1998, 307 pp. - Lourens de Vries, Tom E. Dutton, Koiari. München: Lincom Europa, 1996, 77 pp. [Languages of the World/Materials 10]. - Lourens de Vries, Bruce M. Knauft, South coast New Guinea cultures; History, comparison, dialectic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, xiii + 298 pp.

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Lindenmayer, D. B., A. Welsh, and C. F. Donnelly. "Use of Nest Trees by the Mountain Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus caninus) (Phalangeridae : Marsupialia). III. Spatial Configuration and Co-occupancy of Nest Trees." Wildlife Research 24, no. 6 (1997): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96112.

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Radio-tracking was used to examine the spatial configuration and co-occupancy of large trees with hollows occupied by 16 mountain brushtail possums (Trichosurus caninus) at Cambarville in the central highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The distance that animals moved between trees on successive days was also examined. Our analyses showed that animals often remained in a given den tree on successive days. On nights when animals did shift between den sites, they typically moved to a new tree that was relatively nearby (< 200 m). Long-distance movements (e.g. > 300 m) between den trees were rare. Considerable variation was found between individuals in the size of areas encompassing trees used frequently (≥5 times) (‘core denning range’) and those encompassing all occupied trees [i.e. including those used infrequently (< 5 times)] (‘total denning range’). The mean area of the core denning range averaged about 1·1 ha for males and 0·7 ha for females. The mean value for the total denning range was approximately 2·6 ha for males and females respectively. Considerable overlap was found in the total denning ranges of pairs of adult males and pairs of adult females. For most animals, the total denning range was shared with the total denning ranges of several other animals. There was substantial variation in the extent of this overlap, ranging from complete enclosure to the sharing of a single tree. The extent of overlap was more limited for the core denning ranges, particularly among females. We observed differences in the extent of the overlap of the total denning ranges of pairs of males and pairs of females in the breeding season (January–March) and non-breeding season (the remaining months of the year). Fewer instances of overlapping total denning ranges among pairs of both males and females were found during the breeding season. The total denning ranges in the breeding season were generally smaller than those in the non- breeding season. Simultaneous co-occupancy of a given den tree by T. caninus was relatively common. Unexpectedly, there was a number of instances of groups of three or four adult animals sharing the same den site on the same night. We recorded several instances of sharing by pairs of animals of the same sex, especially adult males. However, most records of simultaneous tree use were by an adult male and an adult female T. caninus. The extent of overlap in the denning ranges of animals and the prevalence of simultaneous co-occupancy of den trees indicate that the social behaviour of T. caninus at Cambarville may be different from that observed among populations of the species elsewhere in Australia. Possible reasons for these differences are outlined.

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"The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia — VII. Modelling the persistence of Leadbeater's possum in response to modified timber harvesting practices." Biological Conservation 75, no. 3 (1996): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(96)90070-1.

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Lindenmayer, David, and Elle Bowd. "Critical Ecological Roles, Structural Attributes and Conservation of Old Growth Forest: Lessons From a Case Study of Australian Mountain Ash Forests." Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 5 (May 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.878570.

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Old growth is a critical growth stage in many forest types globally. It has many key ecological roles including biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and the provision of services such as water production. The extent of old growth forest has been declining in many ecosystems around the world, with major ecological and ecosystem service consequences. Important insights about such declines, as well as the structure, function and conservation of old growth forest, can be gained from detailed cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of different age cohorts within a given forest ecosystem. In this review article, we outline key insights into the characteristics of, and threats to old growth forests, using the Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia as a detailed case study. These forests are dominated by the tallest flowering plants on earth and have been subject to several decades of intense study. These studies show that old growth Mountain Ash forests are characterized by (among other features): giant trees (approaching 100 m tall and sometimes exceeding 20 m in circumference), numerous trees with hollows, an understorey of Acacia and rainforest trees, a range of plant and animal species that are rare or absent in younger aged stands, and moist, nutrient-rich soils. The area of old growth Mountain Ash forest has declined to 1.16% of the ∼141,000 ha area occupied by ash-type forests in the Central Highlands region. This is up to 60 times less than it was at the time of European colonization ∼220 years ago. The loss of old growth has major implications for bird, mammal and other biodiversity, as well as for carbon storage and water production for human consumption. The main drivers of old growth decline are recurrent wildfire, widespread clearcutting, and a logging-fire interaction in which cut and then regenerated forests become more flammable and are at significantly elevated risk of burning at high (stand replacing) severity. Climate change is also a driver of old growth decline both through elevating the mortality of large old living trees and underpinning an increase in the frequency of high severity wildfire. These interacting drivers mean that restoring old growth Mountain Ash forest will be an ecological and policy challenge. We argue that a first step must be to cease all commercial logging in the Mountain Ash ecosystem to allow new cohorts of old growth forest to be recruited and thereby expand the extent of the old growth estate. In addition, the Government of Victoria should revert to a past definition of old growth that made it easier for forest to qualify for protection. Given there are high risks of recurrent high-severity wildfire in the existing Mountain Ash forest estate which is dominated by highly flammable young regrowth forest, new technologies (such as the use of drones and satellites) are needed to rapidly detect and then suppress ignitions before fires become large and difficult to control. Mountain Ash forests have provided an important natural laboratory for understanding the dynamics, management and conservation of old growth forest. They have also helped generate some valuable general perspectives likely to be relevant to other forest ecosystems globally. These include: (1) the critical value of multi-facetted cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in quantifying attributes of, and threats to, old growth forest, (2) the need for a carefully crafted definition of old growth that will typically be ecosystem-specific and based on the time required to develop key ecosystem attributes (e.g., large old trees), (3) the importance of rigorous protection measures because poor decisions that result in the loss of old growth now will take prolonged periods to rectify, and (4) setting protection levels that are relative to the existing spatial coverage of remaining old growth and the extent and impacts of stressors driving old growth decline.

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