Journal articles: 'Beer – Physiological effect'

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Tholozan, Jean-Luc, and Jean Jacquemont. "Physiological response ofPectinatus frisingensis,a beer spoilage bacterium,to mild heat treatments." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 7 (August 1, 1999): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-038.

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Genus Pectinatus is strictly anaerobic bacteria described as a new beer spoilage flora. The physiological response of Pectinatus frisingensis to increasing heat treatments has been studied. Cell death occurred at temperatures higher than 50°C and increased with time. During heat treatment at 50°C, a potassium efflux of more than 50% of the internal potassium was measured at pH 6.2 in starving bacteria, whereas a small transient potassium efflux was measured with a similar 50°C treatment in energized cell suspensions. At beer pH values (pH 4.0), potassium content of P. frisingensis cells was not changed by a moderate heat treatment. Internal pH values of cells were only slightly (0.1 pH unit) decreased upon heat treatments. In contrast, membrane potential value was lowered by a heat treatment at pH 6.2 in deenergized cells, while only a transient decrease of delta was measured with glucose in the medium. A moderate heat treatment at 50°C had no effect on the membrane potential value at pH 4.0, even after 1 h of treatment. In addition, compared with a high level of adenylate energy charge (AEC) measured in energized cell suspensions, an AEC of 0.7 was routinely measured in starving cell suspensions. Moderate heat treatments at pH 4.0 lowered the AEC of cells to 0.6. The physiological response of P. frisingensis to mild heat treatments demonstrated a significant ability of the cell to maintain internal homeostasis at pH conditions encountered in beer.Key words: Pectinatus, thermal death, beer spoilage, homeostasis.

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Meledina, T. V., S. G. Davydenko, K. I. Aravina, O. V. Golovinskaia, E. R. Amirova, and I. V. Novikova. "Application of kudzu flowers to reduce beer toxicity." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-2-184-190.

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Over the past 30 years, alarming growth in alcohol consumption has been observed in many countries around the world, which is reflected in an increase in alcohol production. For example, in China, beer production has increased 2.27 times over the past "*"18 years. The annual per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages in China increased from 4.9 liters in 2003–2005 to 7.2 liters in 2016. In Europe, various chemicals are used to treat alcohol dependence. Eastern medicine for the treatment of alcoholism uses extracts of the plant Pueraria Lobata Flower (kudzu). The principle of action of kudzu is based on a decrease in the activity of enzymes that break down ethanol in the human body, as a result of which the metabolism of ethanol in the liver is optimized. At the same time, the toxic effects of alcohol are reduced. With a decrease in toxicity while enhancing the effect of intoxication, the need for alcohol decreases. The purpose of these studies was to study the effect of the extract from kudzu flowers on reducing the toxicity of ethanol and to identify the possibility of using the extract in brewing. Determination of the concentration of alcohol, at which there is a decrease in its toxicity with the addition of the extract, was carried out using a test with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. In the course of studies, a positive effect of the extract from kudzu flowers on the resistance of yeast to ethanol stress and, as a consequence, on their physiological activity was established. In addition, it was concluded that it is advisable to add the extract from kudzu flowers to beer after the filtration process.

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Sandoval-Ramírez, Berner Andrée, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós, Ramon Estruch, Gemma Sasot, Monica Doménech, and Anna Tresserra-Rimbau. "Beer Polyphenols and Menopause: Effects and Mechanisms—A Review of Current Knowledge." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4749131.

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Beer is one of the most frequently consumed fermented beverages in the world, and it has been part of the human diet for thousands of years. Scientific evidence obtained from the development of new techniques of food analysis over the last two decades suggests that polyphenol intake derived from moderate beer consumption may play a positive role in different health outcomes including osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk and the relief of vasomotor symptoms, which are commonly experienced during menopause and are an important reason why women seek medical care during this period; here, we review the current knowledge regarding moderate beer consumption and its possible effects on menopausal symptoms. The effect of polyphenol intake on vasomotor symptoms in menopause may be driven by the direct interaction of the phenolic compounds present in beer, such as 8-prenylnaringenin, 6-prenylnaringenin, and isoxanthohumol, with intracellular estrogen receptors that leads to the modulation of gene expression, increase in sex hormone plasma concentrations, and thus modulation of physiological hormone imbalance in menopausal women. Since traditional hormone replacement therapies increase health risks, alternative, safer treatment options are needed to alleviate menopausal symptoms in women. The present work aims to review the current data on this subject.

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Kaluzhina, O. Y., K. S. Yakovleva, R. A. Kashapova, E. N. Chernenkov, A. A. Chernenkova, and A. Y. Bodrov. "The effect of ultrasound on brewing yeast." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-103-109.

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An important task of beer production is to increase the physiological activity of yeast to intensify the fermentation process. Dry top-fermented brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fermentis, Safale T-58, France were selected for the investigation. The method of activation of brewer's yeast by ultrasound with a vibration frequency of 44 kHz was studied in the work. Ultrasonic technologies can dramatically intensify the process and improve the finished products quality. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Bashkir State Agrarian University on the ultrasonic processing device VGT-800. A yeast suspension was prepared for the study. It was placed in the ultrasonic device and subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a vibration frequency of 44 kHz. During exposure, the temperature was measured every minute from 1 to 20, and 25, 30, 35 min, and the yeast cells survival by the dead cells percentage was studied. It was found out that under the influence of ultrasound, heating of the medium at 1 ° C for 1 min takes place, and the medium reaches the temperature of 57 ° C by the 40th min of treatment. The percentage of dead cells in the treated medium was also studied. At the same time, a pure culture was selected from each sample by plating on wort agar for further research on the safety of acquired properties. Ultrasound-treated yeast served as inoculum at the fermentation stage of beer wort. Fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 22 ° C. Morphological characteristics of yeast were monitored during fermentation: the total number of cells, the number of budding cells, cells with glycogen. When fermenting beer wort, the fermentation activity increased by 36% in experiment 2 during the treatment of sowing yeast with ultrasound for 2 min. The remaining samples differed slightly from the control during the first 72 hours of fermentation and lost their fermentation activity after 80 hours of fermentation. The physicochemical parameters of the finished beer samples were studied on the "Kolos-2" device.

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Пермякова, Лариса, and Larisa Permyakova. "Peculiarities of physiological and biological characteristics of brewer’s yeast stored with natural minerals." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 48, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2018-1-74-84.

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Storage conditions of brewer’s seed yeast before they start another fermentation cycle do not always meet necessary requirements. That leads to the decrease in biotechnological parameters of the microbial culture. Different methods are used to eliminate or moderate the effect of negative factors on yeast. The article considers the possibility of using natural tuffs containing zeolite taken from different deposits located in Siberia to prevent negative changes in physiological and biochemical properties of seed yeast during storage. The author studied industrial bottom fermentation yeast strains C34 and 308. The yeast was dispersed in water, schenk beer, or 11% beer mash (at the ratio of 1:1), then zeolite was introduced (0.5–4% to suspension volume) and stored for 2–3 days at 2–4°C. The author determined that using minerals in yeast incubation medium increases the proportion of budding cells in the biomass in relation to the initial number of budding cells in 1.2–2.5 times, the number of cells containing glycogen – from 9 to 85%. That also enhances maltase and zymaze activity by 25–85% compared to the control sample (inoculum stored without tuff), decreases flocculating power. Minerals have more significant influence on yeast of 10th and 12th generations than on the young population (4th and 5th generations). Effectiveness of the influence depends on the composition of the suspending medium, length of biomass storage period, proportion of zeolite and its origin. More sufficient changes of the considered parameters took place when the author used minerals taken from Kholinsk and Shivyrtuin deposits rather than pegasin. The effect is due to the chemical composition and structure of the given minerals. The obtained results show that it is advisable to use natural zeolites during storage of the seed yeast as a way to prevent adverse changes in yeast physiological and enzymatic activity.

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Sailer, Clara Odilia, Julie Refardt, Sarah Bissig, Katja Bologna, Cornelia Imber, and Mirjam Christ-Crain. "Effects of alcohol consumption on copeptin levels and sodium-water homeostasis." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 318, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): F702—F709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00458.2019.

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Alcohol consumption influences sodium-water homeostasis. However, the effect of alcohol on vasopressin levels is controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physiological changes of alcohol consumption on the stable vasopressin surrogate marker copeptin. In addition, we aimed at investigating the effect of additional sodium and/or water consumption on plasma sodium, osmolality, and copeptin levels. Ten healthy men underwent four interventions in random order: 1) beer consumption only, 2) beer consumption with additional water, 3) beer consumption with additional stock, or 4) water consumption only. Fluid consumption was equal between interventions and calculated to reach a blood alcohol concentration of 0.8‰ in the beer interventions. Blood and urinary samples were taken at six time points over the observation period of 720 min. The primary end point was the mean difference in copeptin levels 90 min after the start of fluid consumption, which showed no in-between group differences ( P = 0.4). However, a higher total urinary volume excretion in all alcohol compared with water interventions was observed ( P = 0.01). Furthermore, plasma copeptin, sodium, and urinary osmolality levels increased significantly at the end of the observation period in all alcohol compared with water-only interventions ( P = 0.02). In conclusion, initial copeptin suppression does not differ between alcohol or water interventions but seems to be prolonged in the alcohol interventions. This leads to increased volume loss followed by a counterregulation with increased copeptin levels and water retention after 720 min in alcohol compared with interventions. Additional sodium and/or water consumption with alcohol did not change the observed alcohol-induced effects.

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Seabrooke, Tina, Andy J. Wills, Lee Hogarth, and Chris J. Mitchell. "Automaticity and cognitive control: Effects of cognitive load on cue-controlled reward choice." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 6 (September 10, 2018): 1507–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818797052.

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The extent to which human outcome–response (O-R) priming effects are automatic or under cognitive control is currently unclear. Two experiments tested the effect of cognitive load on O-R priming to shed further light on the debate. In Experiment 1, two instrumental responses earned beer and chocolate points in an instrumental training phase. Instrumental response choice was then tested in the presence of beer, chocolate, and neutral stimuli. On test, a Reversal instruction group was told that the stimuli signalled which response would not be rewarded. The transfer test was also conducted under either minimal (No Load) or considerable (Load) cognitive load. The Non-Reversal groups showed O-R priming effects, where the reward cues increased the instrumental responses that had previously produced those outcomes, relative to the neutral stimulus. This effect was observed even under cognitive load. The Reversal No Load group demonstrated a reversed effect, where response choice was biased towards the response that was most likely to be rewarded according to the instruction. Most importantly, response choice was at chance in the Reversal Load condition. In Experiment 2, cognitive load abolished the sensitivity to outcome devaluation that was otherwise seen when multiple outcomes and responses were cued on test. Collectively, the results demonstrate that complex O-R priming effects are sensitive to cognitive load, whereas the very simple, standard O-R priming effect is more robust.

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Chen, W., T. Becker, F. Qian, and J. Ring. "Beer and beer compounds: physiological effects on skin health." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 28, no. 2 (June 27, 2013): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12204.

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TAKAHASHI, Toyozoh. "Effects of Drinking Beer on Human Health-II Medical and Physiological Functions of Beer (1)." JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 95, no. 3 (2000): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1988.95.183.

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TAKAHASHI, Toyozoh. "Effects of Drinking Beer on Human Health-II. Medical and Physiological Functions of Beer (2)." JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 95, no. 4 (2000): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1988.95.244.

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Takácsné Hájos, Mária. "Motivation for and Possibilities of Increasing Table Beet Root Cultivation." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 9 (December 10, 2002): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/9/3573.

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Due to its manifold nutritional-physiological effects, table beet root would deserve more attention. Its active components and their role in human therapy and prevention should rank it higher in our list of vegetables.The actual some 100 ha area under beet root could be considerably increased, if its role in nutrition and its varied products were universally known.Most of the physiologically favourable effects are related to its pigment content. Pigment content can be increased by choosing proper varieties and applying cultural methods which, favourably influence red pigment synthesis (optimal sowing date).The high Mg-content and advantageous ion ratio must also be mentioned. They can be increased by Mg leaf fertilisation, as can solids content and foliage resistance.The special knowledge accumulated in literature ought to be made known to experts so as to help them to set up trials and to introduce results into practice.

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Hamblin, April L., Elsa Youngsteadt, Margarita M. López-Uribe, and Steven D. Frank. "Physiological thermal limits predict differential responses of bees to urban heat-island effects." Biology Letters 13, no. 6 (June 2017): 20170125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0125.

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Changes in community composition are an important, but hard to predict, effect of climate change. Here, we use a wild-bee study system to test the ability of critical thermal maxima (CT max , a measure of heat tolerance) to predict community responses to urban heat-island effects in Raleigh, NC, USA. Among 15 focal species, CT max ranged from 44.6 to 51.3°C, and was strongly predictive of population responses to urban warming across 18 study sites ( r 2 = 0.44). Species with low CT max declined the most. After phylogenetic correction, solitary species and cavity-nesting species (bumblebees) had the lowest CT max , suggesting that these groups may be most sensitive to climate change. Community responses to urban and global warming will likely retain strong physiological signal, even after decades of warming during which time lags and interspecific interactions could modulate direct effects of temperature.

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Boehm, Kayla E., Blaine C. Long, Mitchell T. Millar, and Kevin C. Miller. "Clinical Perceptions on the Physiological, Psychological, and Clinical Influence of Kinesio Tex Tape (KTT) in Health Care Practice." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 25, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2018-0118.

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Effectiveness of Kinesiology Tex Tape (KTT) is conflicting, with some clinicians supporting and others refuting its effects. There is limited information on the psychological effects of KTT or whether its increased use has been influenced by professional athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological, psychological, and use of KTT. A descriptive survey on the use of KTT was performed with athletic trainers and other health care providers. Many reported that KTT benefited patients physiologically and psychologically. Those who thought KTT provided a physiological benefit indicated that they use it. Many indicated KTT benefited patients psychologically, without impacting them physiologically. In addition, clinicians indicated KTT use has been influenced by professional athletes.

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Cooke, R. F., K. M. Schubach, R. S. Marques, R. F. G. Peres, L. G. T. Silva, R. S. Carvalho, R. S. Cipriano, D. W. Bohnert, A. V. Pires, and J. L. M. Vasconcelos. "Effects of temperament on physiological, productive, and reproductive responses in beef cows." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2016.1098.

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Fonseca, Joao, Fereshteh Moradi, Andrew Valente, and Jeffrey Stuart. "Oxygen and Glucose Levels in Cell Culture Media Determine Resveratrol’s Effects on Growth, Hydrogen Peroxide Production, and Mitochondrial Dynamics." Antioxidants 7, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7110157.

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Resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol that has been widely studied for its putative health promoting effects. Many of those studies have been conducted in cell culture, in supra-physiological levels of oxygen and glucose. Resveratrol interacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. Resveratrol affects the expression and activities of ROS-producing enzymes and organelles. It is therefore important to consider how cell culture conditions might determine the effects of resveratrol on cultured cells. We determined the effects of resveratrol on cell growth, hydrogen peroxide production, and mitochondrial network characteristics in C2C12 mouse myoblasts and PC3 human prostate cancer cells under conditions of physiological (5%) and supra-physiological (18%) oxygen, and normo- (5 mM) and hyper-glycemia (25 mM). Interestingly, most effects of resveratrol on the parameters measured here were dependent upon prevailing oxygen and glucose levels during the experiment. Many of the effects of resveratrol on cell growth, hydrogen peroxide production, and mitochondrial network characteristics that were seen in 25 mM glucose and/or 18% oxygen were absent under the physiologically relevant conditions of 5 mM glucose with 5% oxygen. These findings emphasize the importance of using physiologically meaningful starting conditions for cell-culture experiments with resveratrol and indeed any manipulation affecting ROS metabolism and mitochondria.

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Stewart, C. P. U. "Physiological considerations in seating." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 15, no. 3 (December 1991): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649109164288.

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Physiological changes occur with change of posture. Seating imposes significant effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory, abdominal, renal and neurological systems. Seating imposes significant effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory, abdominal, renal and neurological systems. The presence of severe skeletal deformities can significantly alter the physiological responses of the individual to changes in posture. In the case of severe kyphoscoliosis profound haemodynamic changes may occur. Lung perfusion has been shown to be posture dependent and the imposition of a specific seated position may have profound effects. This may compound existing lung problems for example bronchiectasis, which is not uncommon in these individuals, leading to hypoventilation. Abdominal compression which can occur with the patient in a flexed position can exacerbate a hiatus hernia, which can be both uncomfortable for the patient and may lead to feeding difficulties. The flexion at the hips of the lower limbs may also lead to problems of renal drainage especially where there is a catheter or other drainage appliance. Seating significantly affects many neurological reflexes. For example the presence of an extensor pattern can be helped by the adoption of a flexed position. The presence of pain can also influence the neurological response to a specific position. Those providing seating systems must consider the physiological effects that occur and compromise ‘between these and the other requirements.’

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Kim, Il-Sup, Woong-Suk Yang, and Cheorl-Ho Kim. "Beneficial Effects of Soybean-Derived Bioactive Peptides." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168570.

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Peptides present in foods are involved in nutritional functions by supplying amino acids; sensory functions related to taste or solubility, emulsification, etc.; and bioregulatory functions in various physiological activities. In particular, peptides have a wide range of physiological functions, including as anticancer agents and in lowering blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, enhancing immunity, and promoting calcium absorption. Soy protein can be partially hydrolyzed enzymatically to physiologically active soy (or soybean) peptides (SPs), which not only exert physiological functions but also help amino acid absorption in the body and reduce bitterness by hydrolyzing hydrophobic amino acids from the C- or N-terminus of soy proteins. They also possess significant gel-forming, emulsifying, and foaming abilities. SPs are expected to be able to prevent and treat atherosclerosis by inhibiting the reabsorption of bile acids in the digestive system, thereby reducing blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and fat levels. In addition, soy contains blood pressure-lowering peptides that inhibit angiotensin-I converting enzyme activity and antithrombotic peptides that inhibit platelet aggregation, as well as anticancer, antioxidative, antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, opiate-like, hypocholesterolemic, and antihypertensive activities. In animal models, neuroprotective and cognitive capacity as well as cardiovascular activity have been reported. SPs also inhibit chronic kidney disease and tumor cell growth by regulating the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, inflammation, cell cycle arrest, invasion, and metastasis. Recently, various functions of soybeans, including their physiologically active functions, have been applied to health-oriented foods, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This review introduces some current results on the role of bioactive peptides found in soybeans related to health functions.

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Nivala, Michael, and Zhilin Qu. "Calcium alternans in a couplon network model of ventricular myocytes: role of sarcoplasmic reticulum load." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 303, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): H341—H352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00302.2012.

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Intracellular calcium (Ca) alternans in cardiac myocytes have been shown in many experimental studies, and the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We recently developed a “3R theory” that links Ca sparks to whole cell Ca alternans through three critical properties: randomness of Ca sparks; recruitment of a Ca spark by neighboring Ca sparks; and refractoriness of Ca release units. In this study, we used computer simulation of a physiologically detailed mathematical model of a ventricular myocyte couplon network to study how sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca load and other physiological parameters, such as ryanodine receptor sensitivity, SR uptake rate, Na-Ca exchange strength, and Ca buffer levels affect Ca alternans in the context of 3R theory. We developed a method to calculate the parameters used in the 3R theory (i.e., the primary spark rate and the recruitment rate) from the physiologically detailed Ca cycling model and paced the model periodically to elicit Ca alternans. We show that alternans only occurs for an intermediate range of the SR Ca load, and the underlying mechanism can be explained via its effects on the 3Rs. Furthermore, we show that altering the physiological parameters not only directly changes the 3Rs but also alters the SR Ca load, having an indirect effect on the 3Rs as well. Therefore, our present study links the SR Ca load and other physiological parameters to whole cell Ca alternans through the framework of the 3R theory, providing a general mechanistic understanding of Ca alternans in ventricular myocytes.

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King, B. D., R. D. H. Cohen, C. L. Guenther, and E. D. Janzen. "The effect of age and method of castration on plasma cortisol in beef calves." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-033.

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Plasma cortisol concentration (PCC) was measured at 0, 2 min, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 30 h in 36 calves castrated at 78 ± 12 d of age or 167 ± 14 d of age by either surgical or burdizzo methods or left as bulls (control). At 2 min, bull calves had greater (P < 0.05) PCC (22.2 ± 4.5 μg L−1) than burdizzo castrates (10.4 ± 3.0 μg L−1) while surgical castrates were intermediate and not different (P > 0.05) from either group (11.4 ± 2.9 μg L−1). There were no further differences between groups until the 30 h postcastration bleed when PCC for bull calves (22.1 ± 6.0 μg L−1) was greater (P < 0.05) than surgical (7.4 ± 2.3 μg L−1) and burdizzo (9.5 ± 2.4 μg L−1) castrates. At late castration, there was an immediate rise in PCC 2 min postcastration for burdizzo castrates (32.0 ± 3.1 μg L−1) which was greater (P < 0.05) than surgical castrates (18.6 ± 4.1 μg L−1), while bull calves (23.0 ± 1.9 μg L−1) were intermediate and not different from either castration group. At 3 h, PCC of surgical (44.4 ± 4.2 μg L−1) and burdizzo (38.6 ± 8.3 μg L−1) castrates was greater (P < 0.05) than bull calves (24.1 ± 8.5 μg L−1). At 6 h, surgical castrates had a greater (P < 0.05) PCC (27.5 ± 5.4 μg L−1) than burdizzo castrates (15.3 ± 0.41 μg L−1) but neither group was different (P > 0.05) from bull calves (17.2 ± 2.7 μg L−1). There were no further differences between groups up to 30 h postcastration. It was concluded that castration at a young age caused no physiologically detectable stress while physiological stress was detectable in older calves but that, in older calves, burdizzo was less stressful than surgical castration. Average daily weight gain did not differ (P > 0.05) between castrated and bull calves. Key words: Castration, plasma cortisol, age, beef calves

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Bado, O., M. Dlouha, E. Kolmanova, and M. Frydrych. "Influence of new ultra-short-acting β-blockers on selected physiological indicators in laboratory rats." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 9 (September 20, 2017): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/65/2017-vetmed.

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High rates of cardiovascular mortality have long been a serious problem in all European countries. Despite advancements in health care the situation is not improving fast enough. In the last decades, no new ultra-short-acting β-blockers have been registered in the European Union except for esmolol and landionol. In this study, eight newly-synthesised ultra-short-acting β-blockers were tested. These β-blockers contain an ester functional group which can be easily cleaved by plasma or cytoplasmic esterases. The substances were prepared in the Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno. Systolic blood pressure, heart rate and the interval of the QRS complex were evaluated using normotensive laboratory Wistar rats. The tested compounds were administered intravenously into the vena jugularis during general anaesthesia. The arteria carotis was exposed and cannulated to a Universal Perfusion System Basic Unit (UPSBU) of type Uniper UP-100. The universal perfusion system for isolated organs was capable of measuring and transducing actual values of blood pressure. ECG records were made using the ECG SEIVA – Praktik Veterinary. A series of substances named 2FC2a, 2FC2b, 2FC2c, 2FC2d, and another series with substances named 2FT2a, 2FT2b, 2FT2c, 2FT2d were tested at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Results were statistically compared to placebo. The best results were obtained for propyl and butyl derivatives with the highest lipophilicity. These acted as the best blood pressure reducers immediately after their administration. None of the compounds notably affected the heart rate. Statistical data show that carbamate substitution considerably prolongated the duration of the QRS complex as compared to placebo or etheric substitution. The carbamate substitution caused a pronounced arrhythmogenic effect. Thus, we could confirm the short-term hypotensive effect of the compounds. We observed an effect on the electrical conduction system of the heart while no effects were observed on heart rate. Our study contributes to better describing potential new ultra-short-acting β-blockers and facilitates selection for further testing.

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Stagnari, Fabio, Angelica Galieni, Stefano Speca, Giovanni Cafiero, and Michele Pisante. "Effect of Light and Water Supply on Morphological and Physiological Leaf Traits of Red Beet." Agronomy Journal 106, no. 2 (March 2014): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0293.

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Watanabe, H., A. Suzuki, M. Kobayashi, DB Lubahn, H. Handa, and T. Iguchi. "Similarities and differences in uterine gene expression patterns caused by treatment with physiological and non-physiological estrogens." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 31, no. 3 (December 1, 2003): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0310487.

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Administration of physiological and non-physiological estrogens during pregnancy or after birth is known to have adverse effects on the development of the reproductive tract and other organs. Although it is believed that both estrogens have similar effects on gene expression, this view has not been tested systematically. To compare the effects of physiological (estradiol; E2) and non-physiological (diethylstilbestrol; DES) estrogens, we used DNA microarray analysis to examine the uterine gene expression patterns induced by the two estrogens. Although E2 and DES induced many genes to respond in the same way, different groups of genes showed varying levels of maximal activities to each estrogen, resulting in different dose-response patterns. Thus, each estrogen has a distinct effect on uterine gene expression. The genes were classified into clusters according to their dose-responses to the two estrogens. Of the eight clusters, only two correlated well with the uterotropic effect of different doses of E2. One of these clusters contained genes that were upregulated by E2, which included genes encoding several stress proteins and transcription factors. The other cluster contained genes that were downregulated by E2, including genes related to metabolism, transcription and detoxification processes. The expression of these genes in estrogen receptor-deficient mice was not affected by E2 treatment, indicating that these genes are affected by the E2-bound estrogen receptor. Thus, of the many genes that are affected by estrogen, it was suggested that only a small number are directly involved in the uterotropic effects of estrogen treatment.

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Broadway, Paul Rand, Jeffery Carroll, Nicole Burdick Sanchez, Alyssa Word, Shelby Roberts, Emily Kaufman, John Richeson, Mike Brown, and Ken Ridenour. "Zinc Source and Concentration Altered Physiological Responses of Beef Heifers during a Combined Viral-Bacterial Respiratory Challenge." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030646.

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To determine the effects of zinc supplementation on the immune response to a combined viral-bacterial respiratory disease challenge, thirty-two beef heifers (255 ± 15 kg) were subjected to a 30-d period of Zn depletion, then randomly assigned to one of three treatment diets fed for 30 d before the challenge: (1) supplementation with 100 mg of Zn from Zn sulfate/kg of DM (Zn100), (2) supplementation with 200 mg of Zn from Zn sulfate/kg of DM (Zn200), and (3) supplementation with 80 mg of Zn/kg of DM from zinc methionine and 20 mg of Zn from Zn sulfate/kg of DM (ZinMet). After the 30-d supplementation period, all heifers were fitted with indwelling vaginal temperature (VT) devices and intra-nasally challenged with 1 × 108 PFU bovine herpesvirus-1 on d -3, and then allowed to rest in outdoor pens for 3 d. On d 0, each heifer was challenged intra-tracheally with an average dose of 2.38 × 107 CFU Mannheimia haemolytica (MH), fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter, and then moved into individual stalls in an environmentally-controlled enclosed barn. Whole blood samples were collected at 1-h (serum) and 2-h (complete blood counts) intervals from 0 to 8 h, and at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 168, and 360 h relative to MH challenge. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS specific for repeated measures with fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction. There was a treatment effect (p < 0.01) for VT such that Zn200 heifers had greater VT than Zn100 and ZinMet heifers. There was a trend (p = 0.10) for a serum cortisol treatment effect with Zn100 heifers having greater cortisol than ZinMet heifers. Total leukocytes and lymphocytes were greater (p ≤ 0.01) in Zn100 heifers than Zn200 and ZinMet heifers, whereas monocytes were less (p = 0.05) in ZinMet heifers than Zn100 and Zn200 heifers. Concentrations of IL-6 were greater (p = 0.02) in ZinMet heifers than Zn100 and Zn200 heifers. Concentrations of IFN-γ were greater in Zn200 heifers than ZinMet heifers at 0 h, and Zn100 heifers from 0 to 12 h post-MH challenge (treatment x time p = 0.02). Serum haptoglobin was not affected by treatment or treatment x time (p ≥ 0.36) but increased over time (p < 0.01) in all groups. There was a trend (p = 0.11) for ZinMet heifers to have less severe nasal lesion scores than Zn100 heifers. The observed differential physiological responses in this study indicate that zinc source and concentration may alter the response to a bovine respiratory challenge in heifers.

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Cappellozza, B. I., R. F. Cooke, M. M. Reis, R. S. Marques, T. A. Guarnieri Filho, G. A. Perry, D. B. Jump, K. A. Lytle, and D. W. Bohnert. "Effects of protein supplementation frequency on physiological responses associated with reproduction in beef cows1." Journal of Animal Science 93, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8432.

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Cooke, R. F., K. M. Schubach, R. S. Marques, R. F. G. Peres, L. G. T. Silva, R. S. Carvalho, R. S. Cipriano, D. W. Bohnert, A. V. Pires, and J. L. M. Vasconcelos. "Effects of temperament on physiological, productive, and reproductive responses in Bos indicus beef cows1." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.1098.

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Cooke, R. F., K. M. Schubach, R. F. G. Peres, R. S. Cipriano, R. Marques, R. Carvalho, D. W. Bohnert, M. V. Biehl, A. V. Pires, and J. L. M. Vasconcelos. "1275 Effects of temperament on physiological and reproductive responses of Bos Indicus beef cows." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1275.

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Black, Timothy E., Ova Fofah, Christopher W. Dinges, Carlos A. Ortiz-Alvarado, Arian Avalos, Yarira Ortiz-Alvarado, and Charles I. Abramson. "Effects of aversive conditioning on expression of physiological stress in honey bees (Apis mellifera)." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 178 (February 2021): 107363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107363.

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Sembries, Sabine, Gerhard Dongowski, Katri Mehrländer, Frank Will, and Helmut Dietrich. "Physiological Effects of Extraction Juices from Apple, Grape, and Red Beet Pomaces in Rats." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, no. 26 (December 2006): 10269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0618168.

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Parker, Stephen, Swami Veda Bharati, and Manuel Fernandez. "Defining Yoga-Nidra: Traditional Accounts, Physiological Research, and Future Directions." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.23.1.t636651v22018148.

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The term yoga-nidra has been used in many empirical studies to refer to relaxation and guided imagery. These techniques do not represent the intention or physiological correlates of yoganidra discussed in the traditional yoga literature. We propose an operational definition of yoga-nidra that is supported by several physiologically testable hypotheses regarding its outcomes and effects. Traditional descriptions of yoga-nidra and contemporary accounts of its practice are reviewed, and studies examining the physiological correlates of yoga-nidra are examined. Proposed hypotheses for future research using this operational definition are provided.

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Melo Filho, José Sebastião de, Toshik Iarley da Silva, Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves, Leonardo Vieira de Sousa, Mario Leno Martins Véras, and Thiago Jardelino Dias. "Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application." Comunicata Scientiae 11 (March 13, 2020): E3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v11i0.3113.

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Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

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Cecchini, Stefano, Michele Rossetti, Anna Rocchina Caputo, and Alfonso Bavoso. "Effect of dietary inclusion of a commercial polyherbal formulation on some physiological and immune parameters in healthy and stressed hens." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 11 (December 6, 2019): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/189/2019-cjas.

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The effects of the dietary inclusion of a polyherbal formulation based on three powdered herbs (W. somnifera, T. cordifolia, O. sanctum) on some physiological and immune parameters were studied in healthy and stressed laying hens. The effects of the dietary polyherbal formulation were also compared with those of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) supplement, nowadays considered one of the most potent immunostimulant substances widely used as a food supplement.Experimental data did not show any positive effects, or very low ones, on the assessed parameters in healthy hens as a consequence of the two dietary supplementations. On the contrary, the dietary inclusion of the polyherbal mixture or AA partially counteracted the adverse effects in hens subjected to a moderate and transient dexamethasone-induced stress, when ameliorating effects on natural IgM antibody level, specific antibody response, total immunoglobulin content, respiratory burst activity and total antioxidant capacity were shown. The obtained results justify the ethnomedical use of this polyherbal mixture in stressed laying hens in which faster recovery has been demonstrated, whereas healthy specimens did not seem to substantially benefit from the dietary integration, neither with the polyherbal product nor with AA. Thus, the presence of nutraceutical compounds in several herbal plants exerting no side-effects might be useful for exploring them as an alternative to allopathic substances for preventive or therapeutic purposes in poultry.

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GREER, R. C., R. E. SHORT, and R. A. BELLOWS. "A SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS MODEL OF THE CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS AMONG BIOLOGICAL VARIABLES: AN ANALYSIS USING POSTPARTUM BEEF COWS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-034.

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A path diagram, as the basic model of a biological system, was used to explore the possible relationships generating observed correlations among physiological and body-trait responses in beef cows. The implications for statistical model specification and estimation were discussed. The model specified was a simultaneous system of equations with the physiological and body-trait responses constituting the set of endogenous variables; length of postpartum anestrous interval (PPI) was chosen as the physiological response of primary interest. The set of predetermined variables representing basic determinants of the biological system included plane of nutrition and obstetrical assistance experiments. From the generalized least-squares parameter estimates it was concluded that basic determinants in common explained much of the correlation among observed values of the physiological and body-trait responses. The cause-effect relationships included a recursive dependency of PPI upon postpartum body condition score and parturition date. In addition, it was concluded from the results that management decisions and events before the experimental period were more important in explaining variation in PPI than were the experimental treatments. Leading to the further conclusion that ignoring or attempting to randomize over such influences in the experimental design may jeopardize experimental results. The system of equations approach to analysis of biological data makes clear the importance of completely thinking through the problem before the experiment, the limitations of ordinary least-squares procedures and should have applications in other biological systems. Key words: Simultaneous equations analysis, anestrus, beef cows, body condition, return interval

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Damiani, Natalia, Martín P. Porrini, Juan P. Lancia, Estefanía Álvarez, Paula M. Garrido, Enzo Domínguez, Liesel B. Gende, and Martín J. Eguaras. "Effect of Propolis Oral Intake on Physiological Condition of Young Worker Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera L." Journal of Apicultural Science 61, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2017-0023.

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Abstract Honey bees collect resin from various plant species and transform it into propolis that is incorporated into the nest. The role of resins in the bee health field is poorly understood. The aim was to evaluate the effects of forced consumption of propolis on the physiological condition and short-term survival of Apis mellifera worker bees. It was tested if the number of circulating hemocytes in hemolymph, the abdominal fat bodies and the hypopharyngeal glands development were affected by the feeding with propolis extracts in laboratory conditions during the warm and the cold seasons. Propolis added to sugar candy was consumed by workers for fourteen days without affecting the bee survival. The number of circulating hemocytes in hemolymph remained constant despite the differential diet during the experiment. However, the development of fat bodies and hypopharyngeal glands was altered by propolis ingestion. The abdominal fat body development in winter bees diminished after fourteen days of propolis consumption, while it increased in summer bees. The hypopharyngeal gland development decreased for the assayed period in workers from both seasons. Our results encourage us to continue exploring this research field and learn how long-term forced ingestion of a plant-derived compound, a non-nutritive substance, can modify physiological bee parameters. A broader understanding of the multiple roles of propolis in the health of the honey bee colonies could be obtained by studying the ways in which it is processed and metabolized and the effect that generates in another physiological responses.

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Dobeš, Pavel, Martin Kunc, Jana Hurychová, Alena Votavová, Olga Komzáková, and Pavel Hyršl. "The Effect of Foraging on Bumble Bees, Bombus terrestris, Reared under Laboratory Conditions." Insects 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11050321.

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Bumble bees are important pollinators broadly used by farmers in greenhouses and under conditions in which honeybee pollination is limited. As such, bumble bees are increasingly being reared for commercial purposes, which brings into question whether individuals reared under laboratory conditions are fully capable of physiological adaptation to field conditions. To understand the changes in bumble bee organism caused by foraging, we compared the fundamental physiological and immunological parameters of Bombus terrestris workers reared under constant optimal laboratory conditions with workers from sister colonies that were allowed to forage for two weeks in the field. Nutritional status and immune response were further determined in wild foragers of B. terrestris that lived under the constant influence of natural stressors. Both wild and laboratory-reared workers subjected to the field conditions had a lower protein concentration in the hemolymph and increased antimicrobial activity, the detection of which was limited in the non-foragers. However, in most of the tested parameters, specifically the level of carbohydrates, antioxidants, total hemocyte concentration in the hemolymph and melanization response, we did not observe any significant differences between bumble bee workers produced in the laboratory and wild animals, nor between foragers and non-foragers. Our results show that bumble bees reared under laboratory conditions can mount a sufficient immune response to potential pathogens and cope with differential food availability in the field, similarly to the wild bumble bee workers.

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Powis, Jeff E., Jaideep S. Bains, and Alastair V. Ferguson. "Leptin depolarizes rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): R1468—R1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.5.r1468.

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Leptin, the protein product of the ob/ obgene, is thought to have a central site of action, presumably within the hypothalamus, through which it regulates feeding behavior. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is one structure that has been implicated in regulating feeding behavior. Using patch-clamp recording techniques, this study examines the direct membrane effects of leptin on neurons in a coronal PVN slice. Bath application of the physiologically active leptin fragment (amino acids 22–56) elicited dose-related depolarizations in 82% of the type I cells tested ( n = 17) and 67% of the type II cells tested ( n = 9). By contrast, the physiologically inactive leptin fragment (amino acids 57–92) had no discernible effect on membrane potential ( n = 7). The effects of this peptide were unaffected following synaptic isolation of the cells by bath application of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin ( n = 5). Voltage clamp recordings in six cells demonstrated that leptin increased a nonspecific cation conductance with a reversal potential near −30 mV. These findings suggest that neurons in PVN may play an important role in the central neuronal circuitry involved in the physiological response to leptin.

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Akalu, Yonas, Meseret Derbew Molla, Gashaw Dessie, and Birhanu Ayelign. "Physiological Effect of Ghrelin on Body Systems." International Journal of Endocrinology 2020 (May 25, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1385138.

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Ghrelin is a relatively novel multifaceted hormone that has been found to exert a plethora of physiological effects. In this review, we found/confirmed that ghrelin has effect on all body systems. It induces appetite; promotes the use of carbohydrates as a source of fuel while sparing fat; inhibits lipid oxidation and promotes lipogenesis; stimulates the gastric acid secretion and motility; improves cardiac performance; decreases blood pressure; and protects the kidneys, heart, and brain. Ghrelin is important for learning, memory, cognition, reward, sleep, taste sensation, olfaction, and sniffing. It has sympatholytic, analgesic, antimicrobial, antifibrotic, and osteogenic effects. Moreover, ghrelin makes the skeletal muscle more excitable and stimulates its regeneration following injury; delays puberty; promotes fetal lung development; decreases thyroid hormone and testosterone; stimulates release of growth hormone, prolactin, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, vasopressin, and oxytocin; inhibits insulin release; and promotes wound healing. Ghrelin protects the body by different mechanisms including inhibition of unwanted inflammation and induction of autophagy. Having a clear understanding of the ghrelin effect in each system has therapeutic implications. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ghrelin actions as well as its application as a GHSR agonist to treat most common diseases in each system without any paradoxical outcomes on the other systems.

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Pluijmert, Marieke, Peter H. M. Bovendeerd, Wilco Kroon, Frits W. Prinzen, and Tammo Delhaas. "Effects of activation pattern and active stress development on myocardial shear in a model with adaptive myofiber reorientation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 306, no. 4 (February 15, 2014): H538—H546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00571.2013.

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It has been hypothesized that myofiber orientation adapts to achieve a preferred mechanical loading state in the myocardial tissue. Earlier studies tested this hypothesis in a combined model of left ventricular (LV) mechanics and remodeling of myofiber orientation in response to fiber cross-fiber shear, assuming synchronous timing of activation and uniaxial active stress development. Differences between computed and measured patterns of circumferential-radial shear strain Ecr were assumed to be caused by limitations in either the LV mechanics model or the myofiber reorientation model. Therefore, we extended the LV mechanics model with a physiological transmural and longitudinal gradient in activation pattern and with triaxial active stress development. We investigated the effects on myofiber reorientation, LV function, and deformation. The effect on the developed pattern of the transverse fiber angle αt,0 and the effect on global pump function were minor. Triaxial active stress development decreased amplitudes of Ecr towards values within the experimental range and resulted in a similar base-to-apex gradient during ejection in model computed and measured Ecr. The physiological pattern of mechanical activation resulted in better agreement between computed and measured strain in myofiber direction, especially during isovolumic contraction phase and first half of ejection. In addition, remodeling was favorable for LV pump and myofiber function. In conclusion, the outcome of the combined model of LV mechanics and remodeling of myofiber orientation is found to become more physiologic by extending the mechanics model with triaxial active stress development and physiological activation pattern.

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Herfiana, Sepsi, and Siti Arifah. "Dampak Fisiologis Kemoterapi Pada Anak Dengan Leukemia di Rumah Sakit." Jurnal Berita Ilmu Keperawatan 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bik.v12i1.10583.

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Leukemia is a most common children malignancy. Chemotherapy has been very effective in the management of leukemias. Chemotherapy is a systemic therapy, therefore the chemotherapy drug is not only directly related to the cancer but also damaged the normal tissue. Physiological effect of chemotherapy is important to be inspected because each individual is unique so it has different physiological effect, so it will require different treatment. The aim of this research is to understand physiological effect of chemotherapy in children with leukemia. This research is quantitative research, used descriptive analitic. The sample of this research were 30 sample with total sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire of physiological effect of chemotherapy. The results showed that the physiological effect of chemotherapy were children with alopecia of 24 (80%) , Nausea of 17 (56.7%), vomiting of 16 children (53.3%); Decreased appetite of 14 children (46.7%); oral ulceration of 19 children (63.3%);Diarrhea of 3 children (10%); Fatigue of 14 children (46.7%); increase in risk factors for infection consisting of fever of 16 children (53.3%), cough of 13 children (43.3%), and flu of 8 children (26.7%); Bruises of 8 children (26.7%), bleeding of 14 children (46.7%); and other side effects there are 14 children (40%). The conclusion of this research is the most common physiological effects of children undergoing chemotherapy are alopecia, oral ulceration, nausea and vomiting, and fever

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Ricci, P., J. A. Rooke, I. Nevison, and A. Waterhouse. "Methane emissions from beef and dairy cattle: Quantifying the effect of physiological stage and diet characteristics1." Journal of Animal Science 91, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 5379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6544.

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Hsieh, Edward M., May R. Berenbaum, and Adam G. Dolezal. "Ameliorative Effects of Phytochemical Ingestion on Viral Infection in Honey Bees." Insects 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11100698.

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Honey bee viruses are capable of causing a wide variety of devastating effects, but effective treatments have yet to be discovered. Phytochemicals represent a broad range of substances that honey bees frequently encounter and consume, many of which have been shown to improve honey bee health. However, their effect on bee viruses is largely unknown. Here, we tested the therapeutic effectiveness of carvacrol, thymol, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and caffeine on viral infection by measuring their ability to improve survivorship in honey bees inoculated with Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) using high-throughput cage bioassays. Among these candidates, caffeine was the only phytochemical capable of significantly improving survivorship, with initial screening showing that naturally occurring concentrations of caffeine (25 ppm) were sufficient to produce an ameliorative effect on IAPV infection. Consequently, we measured the scope of caffeine effectiveness in bees inoculated and uninoculated with IAPV by performing the same type of high-throughput bioassay across a wider range of caffeine concentrations. Our results indicate that caffeine may provide benefits that scale with concentration, though the exact mechanism by which caffeine ingestion improves survivorship remains uncertain. Caffeine therefore has the potential to act as an accessible and inexpensive method of treating viral infections, while also serving as a tool to further understanding of honey bee–virus interactions at a physiological and molecular level.

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Merenkova, S., O. Zinina, M. Stuart, E. Okuskhanova, and N. Androsova. "EFFECTS OF DIETARY FIBER ON HUMAN HEALTH: A REVIEW." Human Sport Medicine 20, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm200113.

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The aim of this article is to review literature data on the terminology, classification and physiological effects of dietary fibers. Results. The scientific studies on the terminology, classification and characteristics of various types of dietary fiber are presented, the sources of dietary fiber and their positive physiological effects are described. Nowadays no consensus definition has been given to the concept of dietary fibers. The authors point to dietary fibers being related to chemical compounds defined by structure, or functional properties, and/or a combination of both structural and functional properties. The authors noted one commonality in these definitions: each mentioned positive physiological effects. The modern classification system for dietary fibers is wide and diverse and can be based on origin, structure of polymers, solubility, ion exchange, sorption or physiological effect. Many studies have shown that dietary fibers can promote human health and help prevent specific chronic diseases that increase mortality and reduce life expectancy. Numerous healthful effects of the dietary fibers have been documented. These include curative and preventive effects for diseases such as obesity, certain types of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and constipation. Conclusion. Fibers are considered before other nutrients to ensure a healthy nutrition. Research continues to contribute new data on the effect of dietary fiber on the human body.

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Cooke, R. F., D. W. Bohnert, C. L. Francisco, R. S. Marques, C. J. Mueller, and D. H. Keisler. "Effects of bovine somatotropin administration on growth, physiological, and reproductive responses of replacement beef heifers1." Journal of Animal Science 91, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 2894–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-6082.

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GREGER, M., E. BRAMMER, S. LINDBERG, G. LARSSON, and J. IDESTAM-ALMQUIST. "Uptake and Physiological Effects of Cadmium in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Related to Mineral Provision." Journal of Experimental Botany 42, no. 6 (1991): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/42.6.729.

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Strobl, Verena, Domenic Camenzind, Angela Minnameyer, Stephanie Walker, Michael Eyer, Peter Neumann, and Lars Straub. "Positive Correlation between Pesticide Consumption and Longevity in Solitary Bees: Are We Overlooking Fitness Trade-Offs?" Insects 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110819.

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The ubiquitous use of pesticides is one major driver for the current loss of biodiversity, and the common practice of simultaneously applying multiple agrochemicals may further contribute. Insect toxicology currently has a strong focus on survival to determine the potential hazards of a chemical routinely used in risk evaluations. However, studies revealing no effect on survival or even indicating enhanced survival are likely to be misleading, if potential trade-offs between survival and other physiological factors are overlooked. Here, we used standard laboratory experiments to investigate the sublethal (i.e., food consumption) and lethal (i.e., survival) effects of two common agricultural pesticides (Roundup® and clothianidin) on adult female solitary bees, Osmia bicornis. The data showed no significant effect of the treatment on cumulative survival; however, a significant positive correlation between herbicide and insecticide exposure and age was revealed, i.e., bees exposed to higher dosages lived longer. As no significant differences in daily food consumption were observed across treatment groups, increased food intake can be excluded as a factor leading to the prolonged survival. While this study does not provide data on fitness effects, two previous studies using solitary bees observed significant negative effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on fitness, yet not on survival. Thus, we conjecture that the observed non-significant effects on longevity may result from a trade-off between survival and reproduction. The data suggest that a focus on survival can lead to false-negative results and it appears inevitable to include fitness or at least tokens of fitness at the earliest stage in future risk assessments.

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Romao, J. M., M. L. He, T. A. McAllister, and L. L. Guan. "Effect of age on bovine subcutaneous fat proteome: Molecular mechanisms of physiological variations during beef cattle growth1." Journal of Animal Science 92, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 3316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-7423.

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Blanco, M., I. Casasús, and J. Palacio. "Effect of age at weaning on the physiological stress response and temperament of two beef cattle breeds." Animal 3, no. 1 (2009): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731108002978.

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Keane, M. P., M. McGee, E. G. O’Riordan, A. K. Kelly, and B. Earley. "Effect of space allowance and floor type on performance, welfare and physiological measurements of finishing beef heifers." Animal 11, no. 12 (2017): 2285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731117001288.

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Kaatz, Hannes, Stefan Eichmüller, and Sabine Kreissl. "Stimulatory effect of octopamine on juvenile hormone biosynthesis in honey bees (Apis mellifera): Physiological and immunocytochemical evidence." Journal of Insect Physiology 40, no. 10 (October 1994): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(94)90020-5.

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Lo Ying, A. A. Lobanov, S. V. Andronov, A. R. Zaitsev, V. M. Kochetkova, A. D. Fesyun, A. I. Zharkov, et al. "Effect of Treatment with Silver Sulfate on the Physiological Effects of Natural Mineral Water." Bulletin of Restorative Medicine 98, no. 4 (August 30, 2020): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2020-98-4-114-123.

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The treatment of mineral water with silver allows to significantly extend its shelf life without deteriorating its organoleptic properties, which makes it possible to use mineral water away from the natural deposit and is critical for business and the end consumer. However, possible changes in the physiological properties of mineral waters when treated with silver have not been studied until now. We have carried out a preclinical double-blind randomized placebo-controlled, experimental study, during which the effect of treatment with silver sulfate at a dose of 0.02 mg / liter (according to the EAEU tR 044–2017 regulation) of natural mineral water of sulphate-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium (Russia, Stavropol territory, deposit “Slavyanovskaya”, well No. 69 bis) for cellular metabolism, microcirculation and micro-lymphocyte when applied externally to the area of the inner surface of the forearm. A comparison of the effect on cell metabolism and microcirculation has been made for applications with native mineral water “Slavyanovskaya”, “Slavyanovskaya, enriched with silver sulfate” and placebo (tap water) after 30 minutes and after 24 hours. Number of patients: 15. Number of studies by location: 45. the results were monitored using the LAZMA St device. the study carried out simultaneous registration of diagnostic parameters of blood microcirculation, lymph microcirculation, as well as fluorescence amplitudes of coenzymes participating in oxidative metabolism - reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). It was revealed that the mineral water “Slavyanovskaya enriched with silver” differs in its physiological effect on cellular metabolism, microcirculation and micro-lymph flow from the physiological effect of the mineral water “Slavyanovskaya”, namely that, compared to “Slavyanovskaya”, the mineral water “Slavyanovskaya enriched with silver” has a more pronounced positive effect on cellular metabolism, metabolic reserves of the cell, promotes the activation of microcirculation and micro-lymphatic flow. Mineral water “Slavyanovskaya, enriched with silver” has a longer effect on cellular metabolism, microcirculation and micro-lymphatic flow than mineral water “Slavyanovskaya”. A statistically significant positive effect of cell metabolism activation was detected both 30 minutes and 24 hours after exposure. Thus, this method of processing mineral water with silver sulfate not only does not decrease its positive physiological effect, but also improves it, prolonging its action, which makes further use of silver preparations in the processing of mineral water justified.

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Marakusyn, D. I., L. V. Chernobay, M. A. Vaschuk, I. М. Isaieva, I. S. Karmazina, M. O. Mamon, and M. D. Holovko. "PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF FATIGUE. Review." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.2.2021.17.

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Abstract:

Relevance. Fatigue, both intellectual and physical, reduces the efficiency of daily activities and quality of life, in addition, fatigue is one of the factors contributing to the development of various pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and others. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of fatigue, which will improve prevention and development. Objective: to analyze the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the development of fatigue. Methods. Analysis of scientific publications of the international scientific database PubMed by keywords. The following research methods were used in writing the paper: systematization of material, analysis and generalization. Results. In this article we discussed the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of fatigue. The correlation between fatigue and the general mental condition, physiological, biochemical processes, activity of neurotransmitters, intellectual and physical activity, food has been defined. The central and peripheral mechanisms of fatigue were considered. Central fatigue is divided into spinal and supraspinal and involves the neuromuscular junction. Peripheral fatigue occurs at the level of the muscles and mainly involves muscle bioenergetics or an excitation-contraction coupling. Currently fatigue is considered as a general reaction to stress that lasts for a period of time, taken in an account the cumulative effects of days, weeks or months, and the effects of sleep disorders are also very important, because the effects of fatigue are closely linked to sleep deprivation. Therefore, the time required for recovery depends on the severity of fatigue. There are currently many research methods, such as electromyography, transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic resonance imaging, and spectroscopy, which are useful in undestending the physiological correlates of fatigue. In turn, psychological, behavioral or physical triggers can have a beneficial effect against the development of acute fatigue and improve performance, as well as provide a better understanding of the function of neurotransmitters, physiological and biochemical processes important in the development of body fatigue in general.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Beer – Physiological effect'

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