Academic literature on the topic 'Beer – Physiological effect'
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Journal articles on the topic "Beer – Physiological effect"
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Tholozan, Jean-Luc, and Jean Jacquemont. "Physiological response ofPectinatus frisingensis,a beer spoilage bacterium,to mild heat treatments." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 7 (August 1, 1999): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-038.
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Genus Pectinatus is strictly anaerobic bacteria described as a new beer spoilage flora. The physiological response of Pectinatus frisingensis to increasing heat treatments has been studied. Cell death occurred at temperatures higher than 50°C and increased with time. During heat treatment at 50°C, a potassium efflux of more than 50% of the internal potassium was measured at pH 6.2 in starving bacteria, whereas a small transient potassium efflux was measured with a similar 50°C treatment in energized cell suspensions. At beer pH values (pH 4.0), potassium content of P. frisingensis cells was not changed by a moderate heat treatment. Internal pH values of cells were only slightly (0.1 pH unit) decreased upon heat treatments. In contrast, membrane potential value was lowered by a heat treatment at pH 6.2 in deenergized cells, while only a transient decrease of delta was measured with glucose in the medium. A moderate heat treatment at 50°C had no effect on the membrane potential value at pH 4.0, even after 1 h of treatment. In addition, compared with a high level of adenylate energy charge (AEC) measured in energized cell suspensions, an AEC of 0.7 was routinely measured in starving cell suspensions. Moderate heat treatments at pH 4.0 lowered the AEC of cells to 0.6. The physiological response of P. frisingensis to mild heat treatments demonstrated a significant ability of the cell to maintain internal homeostasis at pH conditions encountered in beer.Key words: Pectinatus, thermal death, beer spoilage, homeostasis.
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Meledina, T. V., S. G. Davydenko, K. I. Aravina, O. V. Golovinskaia, E. R. Amirova, and I. V. Novikova. "Application of kudzu flowers to reduce beer toxicity." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-2-184-190.
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Over the past 30 years, alarming growth in alcohol consumption has been observed in many countries around the world, which is reflected in an increase in alcohol production. For example, in China, beer production has increased 2.27 times over the past "*"18 years. The annual per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages in China increased from 4.9 liters in 2003–2005 to 7.2 liters in 2016. In Europe, various chemicals are used to treat alcohol dependence. Eastern medicine for the treatment of alcoholism uses extracts of the plant Pueraria Lobata Flower (kudzu). The principle of action of kudzu is based on a decrease in the activity of enzymes that break down ethanol in the human body, as a result of which the metabolism of ethanol in the liver is optimized. At the same time, the toxic effects of alcohol are reduced. With a decrease in toxicity while enhancing the effect of intoxication, the need for alcohol decreases. The purpose of these studies was to study the effect of the extract from kudzu flowers on reducing the toxicity of ethanol and to identify the possibility of using the extract in brewing. Determination of the concentration of alcohol, at which there is a decrease in its toxicity with the addition of the extract, was carried out using a test with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. In the course of studies, a positive effect of the extract from kudzu flowers on the resistance of yeast to ethanol stress and, as a consequence, on their physiological activity was established. In addition, it was concluded that it is advisable to add the extract from kudzu flowers to beer after the filtration process.
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Sandoval-Ramírez, Berner Andrée, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós, Ramon Estruch, Gemma Sasot, Monica Doménech, and Anna Tresserra-Rimbau. "Beer Polyphenols and Menopause: Effects and Mechanisms—A Review of Current Knowledge." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4749131.
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Beer is one of the most frequently consumed fermented beverages in the world, and it has been part of the human diet for thousands of years. Scientific evidence obtained from the development of new techniques of food analysis over the last two decades suggests that polyphenol intake derived from moderate beer consumption may play a positive role in different health outcomes including osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk and the relief of vasomotor symptoms, which are commonly experienced during menopause and are an important reason why women seek medical care during this period; here, we review the current knowledge regarding moderate beer consumption and its possible effects on menopausal symptoms. The effect of polyphenol intake on vasomotor symptoms in menopause may be driven by the direct interaction of the phenolic compounds present in beer, such as 8-prenylnaringenin, 6-prenylnaringenin, and isoxanthohumol, with intracellular estrogen receptors that leads to the modulation of gene expression, increase in sex hormone plasma concentrations, and thus modulation of physiological hormone imbalance in menopausal women. Since traditional hormone replacement therapies increase health risks, alternative, safer treatment options are needed to alleviate menopausal symptoms in women. The present work aims to review the current data on this subject.
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Kaluzhina, O. Y., K. S. Yakovleva, R. A. Kashapova, E. N. Chernenkov, A. A. Chernenkova, and A. Y. Bodrov. "The effect of ultrasound on brewing yeast." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-103-109.
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An important task of beer production is to increase the physiological activity of yeast to intensify the fermentation process. Dry top-fermented brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fermentis, Safale T-58, France were selected for the investigation. The method of activation of brewer's yeast by ultrasound with a vibration frequency of 44 kHz was studied in the work. Ultrasonic technologies can dramatically intensify the process and improve the finished products quality. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Bashkir State Agrarian University on the ultrasonic processing device VGT-800. A yeast suspension was prepared for the study. It was placed in the ultrasonic device and subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a vibration frequency of 44 kHz. During exposure, the temperature was measured every minute from 1 to 20, and 25, 30, 35 min, and the yeast cells survival by the dead cells percentage was studied. It was found out that under the influence of ultrasound, heating of the medium at 1 ° C for 1 min takes place, and the medium reaches the temperature of 57 ° C by the 40th min of treatment. The percentage of dead cells in the treated medium was also studied. At the same time, a pure culture was selected from each sample by plating on wort agar for further research on the safety of acquired properties. Ultrasound-treated yeast served as inoculum at the fermentation stage of beer wort. Fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 22 ° C. Morphological characteristics of yeast were monitored during fermentation: the total number of cells, the number of budding cells, cells with glycogen. When fermenting beer wort, the fermentation activity increased by 36% in experiment 2 during the treatment of sowing yeast with ultrasound for 2 min. The remaining samples differed slightly from the control during the first 72 hours of fermentation and lost their fermentation activity after 80 hours of fermentation. The physicochemical parameters of the finished beer samples were studied on the "Kolos-2" device.
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Пермякова, Лариса, and Larisa Permyakova. "Peculiarities of physiological and biological characteristics of brewer’s yeast stored with natural minerals." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 48, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2018-1-74-84.
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Storage conditions of brewer’s seed yeast before they start another fermentation cycle do not always meet necessary requirements. That leads to the decrease in biotechnological parameters of the microbial culture. Different methods are used to eliminate or moderate the effect of negative factors on yeast. The article considers the possibility of using natural tuffs containing zeolite taken from different deposits located in Siberia to prevent negative changes in physiological and biochemical properties of seed yeast during storage. The author studied industrial bottom fermentation yeast strains C34 and 308. The yeast was dispersed in water, schenk beer, or 11% beer mash (at the ratio of 1:1), then zeolite was introduced (0.5–4% to suspension volume) and stored for 2–3 days at 2–4°C. The author determined that using minerals in yeast incubation medium increases the proportion of budding cells in the biomass in relation to the initial number of budding cells in 1.2–2.5 times, the number of cells containing glycogen – from 9 to 85%. That also enhances maltase and zymaze activity by 25–85% compared to the control sample (inoculum stored without tuff), decreases flocculating power. Minerals have more significant influence on yeast of 10th and 12th generations than on the young population (4th and 5th generations). Effectiveness of the influence depends on the composition of the suspending medium, length of biomass storage period, proportion of zeolite and its origin. More sufficient changes of the considered parameters took place when the author used minerals taken from Kholinsk and Shivyrtuin deposits rather than pegasin. The effect is due to the chemical composition and structure of the given minerals. The obtained results show that it is advisable to use natural zeolites during storage of the seed yeast as a way to prevent adverse changes in yeast physiological and enzymatic activity.
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Sailer, Clara Odilia, Julie Refardt, Sarah Bissig, Katja Bologna, Cornelia Imber, and Mirjam Christ-Crain. "Effects of alcohol consumption on copeptin levels and sodium-water homeostasis." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 318, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): F702—F709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00458.2019.
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Alcohol consumption influences sodium-water homeostasis. However, the effect of alcohol on vasopressin levels is controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physiological changes of alcohol consumption on the stable vasopressin surrogate marker copeptin. In addition, we aimed at investigating the effect of additional sodium and/or water consumption on plasma sodium, osmolality, and copeptin levels. Ten healthy men underwent four interventions in random order: 1) beer consumption only, 2) beer consumption with additional water, 3) beer consumption with additional stock, or 4) water consumption only. Fluid consumption was equal between interventions and calculated to reach a blood alcohol concentration of 0.8‰ in the beer interventions. Blood and urinary samples were taken at six time points over the observation period of 720 min. The primary end point was the mean difference in copeptin levels 90 min after the start of fluid consumption, which showed no in-between group differences ( P = 0.4). However, a higher total urinary volume excretion in all alcohol compared with water interventions was observed ( P = 0.01). Furthermore, plasma copeptin, sodium, and urinary osmolality levels increased significantly at the end of the observation period in all alcohol compared with water-only interventions ( P = 0.02). In conclusion, initial copeptin suppression does not differ between alcohol or water interventions but seems to be prolonged in the alcohol interventions. This leads to increased volume loss followed by a counterregulation with increased copeptin levels and water retention after 720 min in alcohol compared with interventions. Additional sodium and/or water consumption with alcohol did not change the observed alcohol-induced effects.
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Seabrooke, Tina, Andy J. Wills, Lee Hogarth, and Chris J. Mitchell. "Automaticity and cognitive control: Effects of cognitive load on cue-controlled reward choice." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 6 (September 10, 2018): 1507–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818797052.
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The extent to which human outcome–response (O-R) priming effects are automatic or under cognitive control is currently unclear. Two experiments tested the effect of cognitive load on O-R priming to shed further light on the debate. In Experiment 1, two instrumental responses earned beer and chocolate points in an instrumental training phase. Instrumental response choice was then tested in the presence of beer, chocolate, and neutral stimuli. On test, a Reversal instruction group was told that the stimuli signalled which response would not be rewarded. The transfer test was also conducted under either minimal (No Load) or considerable (Load) cognitive load. The Non-Reversal groups showed O-R priming effects, where the reward cues increased the instrumental responses that had previously produced those outcomes, relative to the neutral stimulus. This effect was observed even under cognitive load. The Reversal No Load group demonstrated a reversed effect, where response choice was biased towards the response that was most likely to be rewarded according to the instruction. Most importantly, response choice was at chance in the Reversal Load condition. In Experiment 2, cognitive load abolished the sensitivity to outcome devaluation that was otherwise seen when multiple outcomes and responses were cued on test. Collectively, the results demonstrate that complex O-R priming effects are sensitive to cognitive load, whereas the very simple, standard O-R priming effect is more robust.
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Chen, W., T. Becker, F. Qian, and J. Ring. "Beer and beer compounds: physiological effects on skin health." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 28, no. 2 (June 27, 2013): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12204.
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TAKAHASHI, Toyozoh. "Effects of Drinking Beer on Human Health-II Medical and Physiological Functions of Beer (1)." JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 95, no. 3 (2000): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1988.95.183.
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TAKAHASHI, Toyozoh. "Effects of Drinking Beer on Human Health-II. Medical and Physiological Functions of Beer (2)." JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 95, no. 4 (2000): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1988.95.244.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Beer – Physiological effect"
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Zilkens, Renate Ruth. "The effect of alcohol and beverage type on cardiovascular disease risk factors." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0053.
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[Formulae and special characters can only be approximated here. Please see the pdf version of the abstract for an accurate reproduction.] Two randomised controlled trials were conducted to explore the relationship between the consumption of alcoholic beverages and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Study 1 was primarily designed to test the hypothesis that the cardio-protective effect of light alcohol could be mediated, in part, via improvements in endothelial function. Study 1 was also designed to explore the effect of alcohol on both traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as changes in lipid profile, haemostatic factors and blood pressure, and novel risk factors such as homocysteine, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. The experimental design of this study also allowed us to determine whether reducing alcohol intake in these moderate-to-heavy drinkers could improvement insulin sensitivity, a component of the metabolic syndrome. In this group of sixteen healthy middle-aged men with a history of moderate to heavy alcohol intake of seven standard drinks per day, reducing intake down to approximately one standard drink per day for four weeks had no beneficial effects on conduit vessel endothelial function as assessed by post-ischaemic brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, nor were there any detectable changes in soluble E-selectin, endothelin-1 and von Willebrand Factor, which are considered biomarkers of endothelial activation. As this study did not investigate the effect of alcohol on endothelial function in resistance vessels, it cannot exclude the possibility that alcohol may affect endothelial cells resident in that vascular bed. This study does show and confirm, however, that the relationship between alcohol and risk factors for cardiovascular disease is an extremely complex one. On the one hand it demonstrated that alcohol was potentially harmful, increasing blood pressure, plasma F2-isoprostane (oxidative stress), and homocysteine. On the other hand it showed that increasing alcohol intake led to significant reductions in two (i.e. fibrinogen and IL-6) of five inflammatory markers, in addition to improving the HDL-cholesterol profile of these subjects. Although the effects of alcohol on blood pressure, fibrinogen and HDL-cholesterol are not in themselves new, they support our choice of study design and strengthen the argument in favour of accepting the more novel findings of this study, specifically, the lack of effect on endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, and the harmful effect of alcohol in increasing oxidative stress and homocysteine. Study 2 was primarily designed to test the hypothesis that the consumption of red wine may confer greater cardio-protection than beer via improvements in endothelial function. Simultaneously, the study was also designed to determine whether drinking red wine for 4-weeks would have different effects than beer on either traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (i.e. blood pressure and lipid profile) or the more novel risk factors, homocysteine and oxidative stress. Using a randomised controlled cross-over study design, Study 2 provides evidence that the regular daily consumption of 4 standard drinks of either beer or red wine does not alter endothelial function, as measured by post-ischaemic flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery in healthy middle-aged men, nor was there evidence of any beneficial effect of de-alcoholised red wine on brachial artery response. As compliance with drinking protocol was confirmed with increased serum γ-GT and HDL during red wine and beer periods, and increased 24-hr urinary excretion of 4OMGA during red wine and de-alcoholised red wine periods, we are confident that there was excellent compliance with the beverage treatments. Study 2 also provides the first evidence from a carefully controlled intervention study that both red wine and beer elevate blood pressure to a similar degree, with no detectable difference in the magnitude of either treatment. As with endothelial function, there was also no evidence of any beneficial effect of de-alcoholised red wine on blood pressure. In addition, although post hoc analysis found evidence that alcohol increased both plasma homocysteine and urinary excretion of F2-isoprostane and endothelin-1, there was no apparent protective effect conferred from either red wine or de-alcoholised red wine on these cardiovascular risk markers. The results from this study cannot disprove the hypothesis that red wine is more beneficial for cardiovascular health; however, they suggest that if red wine has properties beyond those of beer to confer protection, they are not via any interactions with the nitric oxide regulatory function of the endothelium in conduit vessels nor are they via moderation of the vasopressor, homocysteine-raising, and oxidative stress effects of alcohol. The interpretation of the findings from both intervention studies and their place in the context of our current understanding of the role that alcoholic beverages play in the development and/or prevention of cardiovascular disease are explored in this thesis.
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Seger, Rita Logan. "Elucidating the Mechanism for Maintaining Eucalcemia Despite Immobility and Anuria in the Hibernating Black Bear (Ursus americanus)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SegerRL2008.pdf.
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Collison, Elizabeth Jane. "Effects of neonicotinoid pesticide exposure on bee health : molecular, physiological and behavioural investigations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21797.
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Neonicotinoid exposure has been recognised as potentially impacting upon bee health, but whether realistic exposure scenarios are driving declines in bee health is not known. This thesis contributes new insights and perspectives to this research field investigating the use of molecular, physiological and behavioural endpoints as potential ecotoxicological markers for pesticide risk assessment. The thesis presents experimental data for dietary exposures of the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, and the buff-tailed bumble bee, Bombus terrestris, to one of two neonicotinoid pesticides, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. The first part of this thesis explores impacts of chronic dietary exposures to neonicotinoid pesticides on bee immunocompetence- the ability to mount an immune response- using an artificial challenge to invoke an immune response in adult workers. Levels of phenoloxidase, an enzyme involved in melanisation and part of the bee’s defence system, were largely constitutive and resilient to exposure in honey bees and bumble bees. In honey bees, transient transcriptional changes in antimicrobial effector genes were observed following neonicotinoid exposure, but the physiological antimicrobial response was unaffected. In bumble bees, the induced antimicrobial response was impaired following neonicotinoid exposure, but only when exposed to concentrations likely higher than realistic environmental exposure scenarios. The next phase of this thesis investigates whether transcriptional, physiological and behavioural endpoints associated with the functioning of the honey bee hypopharyngeal gland were altered by imidacloprid exposure. Imidacloprid exposure led to transcriptional changes in foraging genes (associated with the control of temporal polyethism) and major royal jelly proteins (fed to developing larvae by nurse workers) and enzymatic changes in glucose oxidase (an enzyme involved in social immunity), which I hypothesise are linked with hypopharyngeal gland development. Despite these laboratory observations, no behavioural effects were observed in a field setting, monitored using Radio Frequency Identification transponders. Lastly, using RNA-Sequencing to investigate changes across the honey bee transcriptome, this thesis identified a suite of genes that were differentially expressed in adult workers in response to immune challenge and/or dietary neonicotinoid exposure. Wounding and bacterial-like infection led to upregulation of known immune genes, including a peptidoglycan recognition protein and antimicrobial effectors. Chronic exposure to thiamethoxam and imidacloprid led to downregulation of genes associated with several metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate- and purine- metabolic pathways, as well as ribosomal activity. Some of these genes identified provide candidates for further study to elucidate functional effects mechanisms and better understand health outcomes, as well as potential new biomarkers for use in pesticide risk assessment. This thesis presents novel findings and offers opportunities for future research that will be of interest to a wide audience, including risk assessors and policy makers, as well as the broader biological community, including ecotoxicologists, insect physiologists and molecular biologists.
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Almasri, Hanine. "Toxicologie des mélanges de pesticides chez des abeilles exposées à un agent pathogène : action combinée de l'agent pathogène Nosema ceranae, de l'insecticide imidaclopride, du fongicide difénoconazole et de l'herbicide glyphosate Mixtures of an insecticide, a fungicide and a herbicide induce high toxicities and systemic physiological disturbances in winter Apis mellifera honey bees Toxicity of the pesticides imidacloprid, difenoconazole and glyphosate alone and in binary and ternary mixtures to winter honey bees: effects on survival and antioxidative defenses Toxicological status changes the susceptibility of the honey bee Apis mellifera to a single fungicidal spray application Physiological effects of the interaction between Nosema ceranae and sequential and overlapping exposure to glyphosate and difenoconazole in the honey bee Apis mellifera." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0722.
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Les données scientifiques actuelles suggèrent un déclin de la diversité et de l’abondance des insectes, y compris les abeilles domestiques Apis mellifera. Ces dernières sont confrontées à de fortes pertes de colonies dans plusieurs régions du monde telles que l’ouest de l’Europe et les États-Unis. De nombreuses études suggèrent que l’origine du déclin des colonies d’abeilles est multicausale et identifient les pesticides et les agents pathogènes comme étant les principaux contributeurs à ce déclin. La co-exposition des abeilles à de multiples pesticides et l’infection par plusieurs pathogènes constituent un phénomène courant. Cependant, les recherches sur les effets des mélanges de pesticides n’ont pas fait l’objet d’un intense développement. Ainsi, les travaux conduits dans le cadre de cette thèse ont été focalisés sur la détermination de la toxicité des mélanges de pesticides, appliqués à des niveaux d’exposition environnementaux, en présence d’un agent pathogène. Le choix s’est porté sur l’étude des interactions entre un insecticide néonicotinoïde, l’imidaclopride, un fongicide azole, le difénoconazole, et un herbicide, le glyphosate, en présence de l’agent pathogène Nosema ceranae. Les résultats des différentes études effectuées durant cette thèse, révèlent la complexité des études sur les mélanges de pesticides. Ces travaux nous ont permis de constater que les effets d’un mélange de pesticides peuvent fortement varier en fonction des concentrations des pesticides constituant le mélange. L’augmentation du nombre de substances et du niveau d’exposition, n’induit pas nécessairement une augmentation de la toxicité du mélange. De plus, les effets du mélange peuvent varier en fonction de la séquence d’exposition aux pesticides et de l’état sanitaire des abeilles. Les mélanges de pesticides affectent l’état physiologique des abeilles suite à une réponse systémique liée à des perturbations de mécanisme généraux tels que le stress oxydant. Cependant, ces trois pesticides, seuls et en mélanges n’ont aucun effet sur l’installation du microbiote intestinal à des niveaux d’exposition environnementauxCurrent scientific findings suggest a decline in the diversity and abundance of insects, including the honey bee Apis mellifera. The latter are facing high colony losses in several regions of the world such as Western Europe and the United States. Numerous studies suggest that the origin of bee colony decline is multi-causal and identify pesticides and pathogens as the main contributors to this decline. Co-exposure of honey bees to multiple pesticides and infection by multiple pathogens are common phenomena. However, research on the effects of pesticide mixtures has not been extensively developed. Thus, the thesis work has focused on determining the toxicity of pesticide mixtures, applied at environmental exposure levels, in the presence of pathogens. The choice was made to study the interactions between a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, an azole fungicide, difenoconazole, and a herbicide, glyphosate, in the presence of the pathogen Nosema ceranae. The results of the different studies, carried out during this thesis, reveal the complexity of the studies on pesticide mixtures. The work allowed us to notice that the effects of a pesticide mixture can vary according to the concentrations of the pesticides constituting the mixture. The increase of the number of substances and the level of exposure does not necessarily induce an increase of the toxicity of the mixture. Furthermore, the effects of the mixture may vary depending on the sequence of exposure to the different pesticides and the health status of the honey bees. Pesticide mixtures affect the physiological state of individuals as a result of a systemic response related to disturbances of general mechanisms such as oxidative stress. However, these three pesticides, alone and in mixtures, have no effect on the installation of the intestinal microbiota at environmental exposure levels
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Njisane, Yonela Zifikile. "Farm to abattoir conditions and their subsequent effects on behavioural and physiological changes and the quality of beef from extensively-reared Nguni and non-descript steers." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3143.
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The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of farm to abattoir environmental conditions and their subsequent effects on behavioural and physiological responses, as well as the quality of meat from Nguni (NG) and non-descript (ND) beef steers reared extensively on natural pastures. The forty 16 – 19 months old steers (20 ND and 20 NG) used in the current study were grouped together, medically treated, allowed three weeks acclimatizing period and were used in this trial over a four-month period. The weather and periodical variations influence on time budgets and body weights of these steers were determined. Furthermore, the effects of on-farm successive handling on behavioural scores and physiological responses of the same steers were determined. Later in the trial, some pre-slaughter effects on response-behaviour, bleed-out times and selected blood physiological responses were determined. Finally, the effect of genotype, muscle type, lairage duration, slaughter order and stress responsiveness on pH24, temperature, colour (L*, a*, b*, C, HA), thawing (TL) and cooking (CL) losses and Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) of the meat harvested from the same steers were determined. The daily time budgets of steers in natural pastures changed with temperature, humidity, observation week and time of the day. The grazing behaviour was observed throughout the observation days (> 37 percent); though it was reduced (26.9±2.64 percent) on days with higher temperatures and low humidity. Higher proportions of drinking (1.5±1.04 percent) and standing (20.8±4.63 percent) behaviours prolonged in such weather conditions, which were mostly during midday. The avoidance-related behaviour of the steers during handling varies, with the steers showing more avoidance and aggression in other weeks than some. These variations could however be traced back to the events of that particular day/time of handling. Only Weighing Box (WBS) and stepping (SS) scores differed (P<0.05) with genotype; with more calm NG steers (> 40 percent) and not kicking than the ND steers that were more vocal (20–60 percent) and kicking (> 5 percent). In addition, the weekly behavioural responses were reflected (P<0.05) in the measured cortisol, glucose and lactate. However, regardless of the prominent negative behaviour seen over time, the levels of the measured blood constituents continued to drop. Furthermore, steers of different genotypes displayed similar (P>0.05) response to the identical pre-slaughter conditions they were exposed to. However, steers that were Transport Group 1 (TG1) showed more avoidance (63.2 percent) pre-slaughter than those in TG2 (23.9 percent). Furthermore, all the steers that were in slaughter Group 2 (SG2) showed less avoidance behaviour than those in other groups. Vocalization was observed only for ND steers (5 percent), in TG1 and SG2. Some connections between the observed pre-slaughter activities and some behavioural and physiological changes of these steers were established; with TG1 and SG1 steers showing higher cortisol (140±14.50 and 175.9±17.24 nmol/L, respectively) and lactate (12.4±0.83 and 13.5±1.12 mmolL) levels than the other groups. Lastly, the muscle type, genotype, lairage duration, slaughter order and stress responsiveness have an effect on some meat quality characteristics of the two genotypes; with the L. dorsi muscle having highest WBSF (38.0±1.35N) than the Superficial pectoral muscle (Brisket muscle) (30.7±1.35N). Additionally, steers lairaged for a shorter time produced a L. dorsi with higher WBSF (41.6±2.34N) and a Brisket with lower TL (2.7±0.24 percent). It can therefore be concluded that the conditions and activities at the farm, during transportation, lairaging and slaughter at the abattoir have an influence on some behavioural and physiological changes and the quality of beef harvested from the Nguni and non-descript steers that were extensively-reared in natural pastures. However, the relationship patterns between these different conditions are not clear.
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Faust, Franziska Eva [Verfasser]. "Effects of the substitution of potassium by sodium on physiological processes and their responsible key enzymes in sugar beet / Franziska Eva Faust." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148264213/34.
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Renzi, Maria Teresa. "Effects of pesticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) : study of a specific route of exposure and evaluation of biochemical-physiological changes in the assessment of the pesticides toxicity." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002986.
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In this study, some important aspects of the relationship between honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and pesticides have been investigated. In the first part of the research, the effects of the exposure of honey bees to neonicotinoids and fipronil contaminated dusts were analyzed. In fact, considerable amounts of these pesticides, employed for maize seed dressing treatments, may be dispersed during the sowing operations, thus representing a way of intoxication for honey bees. In particular, a specific way of exposure to this pesticides formulation, the indirect contact, was taken into account. To this aim, we conducted different experimentations, in laboratory, in semi-field and in open field conditions in order to assess the effects on mortality, foraging behaviour, colony development and capacity of orientation. The real dispersal of contaminated dusts was previously assessed in specific filed trials. The results showed a significant effect on mortality of neonicotinoids and fipronil contaminated dusts, both in laboratory and in semi-field trials. However, no effects were evidenced in honey bees orientation capacity.In the second part, the impact of various pesticides (chemical and biological) on honey bee biochemical-physiological changes, was evaluated. Different ways and durations of exposure to the tested products were also employed. Three experimentations were performed, combining Bt spores and deltamethrin, Bt spores and fipronil, difenoconazole and deltamethrin. Several important enzymes (GST, ALP, SOD, CAT, G6PDH, GAPDH) were selected in order to test the pesticides induced variations in their activity. In particular, these enzymes are involved in different pathways of detoxification, oxidative stress defence and energetic metabolism. The analysis of different biochemical indicators highlighted some interesting physiological variations that can be linked to the pesticide exposure. We therefore stress the attention on the possibility of using such a methodology as a novel toxicity endpoint in environmental risk assessment.
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Renzi, Maria Teresa <1983>. "Effects of pesticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.): study of a specific route of exposure and evaluation of biochemical-physiological changes in the assessment of the pesticides toxicity." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5699/.
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In this study, some important aspects of the relationship between honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and pesticides have been investigated. In the first part of the research, the effects of the exposure of honey bees to neonicotinoids and fipronil contaminated dusts were analyzed. In fact, considerable amounts of these pesticides, employed for maize seed dressing treatments, may be dispersed during the sowing operations, thus representing a way of intoxication for honey bees. In particular, a specific way of exposure to this pesticides formulation, the indirect contact, was taken into account. To this aim, we conducted different experimentations, in laboratory, in semi-field and in open field conditions in order to assess the effects on mortality, foraging behaviour, colony development and capacity of orientation. The real dispersal of contaminated dusts was previously assessed in specific filed trials.
In the second part, the impact of various pesticides (chemical and biological) on honey bee biochemical-physiological changes, was evaluated. Different ways and durations of exposure to the tested products were also employed. Three experimentations were performed, combining Bt spores and deltamethrin, Bt spores and fipronil, difenoconazole and deltamethrin. Several important enzymes (GST, ALP, SOD, CAT, G6PDH, GAPDH) were selected in order to test the pesticides induced variations in their activity. In particular, these enzymes are involved in different pathways of detoxification, oxidative stress defence and energetic metabolism.
The results showed a significant effect on mortality of neonicotinoids and fipronil contaminated dusts, both in laboratory and in semi-field trials. However, no effects were evidenced in honey bees orientation capacity.
The analysis of different biochemical indicators highlighted some interesting physiological variations that can be linked to the pesticide exposure. We therefore stress the attention on the possibility of using such a methodology as a novel toxicity endpoint in environmental risk assessment.
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Ferguson, Mary. "Effect of GnRH, breeding weight, frame, condition and age on pregnancy rates in estrus synchronized beef heifers." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27438.
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Cappellozza, Bruno Ieda. "Effects of camelina meal supplementation on ruminal forage degradability, performance, and physiological responses of beef cattle." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28186.
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Three experiments compared ruminal, physiological, and performance responses of beef steers consuming hay ad libitum and receiving grain-based supplements with (CAM) or without (CO) inclusion of camelina meal. In Exp. 1, 9 steers fitted with ruminal cannulas received CAM (2.04 kg of DM/d) or CO (2.20 kg of DM/d). Steers receiving CAM had reduced (P = 0.01) total DMI and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) forage DMI compared to CO. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.35) for ruminal hay degradability parameters. In Exp. 2, 14 steers receiving CAM (1.52 kg of DM/d) or CO (1.65 kg of DM/d) were assigned to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0.1 μg/kg of BW) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 0.33 μg/kg of BW) challenges. Steers receiving CAM had greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of PUFA compared to CO prior to challenges. Upon CRH infusion, mean plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations increased at a lesser rate in CAM compared with CO (P < 0.01). Upon TRH infusion, no treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.55) for serum TSH, T₃, and T₄. In Exp. 3, 60 steers were allocated to 20 drylot pens. Pens were randomly assigned to receive CAM (2.04 kg of DM/steer daily) or CO (2.20 kg of DM/steer daily) during preconditioning
(PC; d -28 to 0). On the morning of d 0, steers were transported for 24 h. Upon arrival from transport on d 1, pens were randomly assigned to receive, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, CAM or CO during feedlot receiving (FR; d 1 to 29). During PC, CAM had reduced (P < 0.01) forage and total DMI, and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) ADG compared to CO. Plasma linolenic acid concentrations increased during PC for CAM, but not for CO (P = 0.02). Steers that received CAM during FR had greater (P < 0.05) mean plasma concentrations of PUFA, and reduced mean rectal temperature and concentrations of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin during FR compared to CO. Therefore, camelina supplementation reduced forage and total DMI, did not alter thyroid gland function, increased PUFA concentrations in blood, and attenuated the acute-phase protein reaction elicited by neuroendocrine stress responses. In conclusion, camelina meal is a feasible ingredient to reduce stress-induced inflammatory reactions and potentially promote cattle welfare and productivity in beef operations.Graduation date: 2012
Books on the topic "Beer – Physiological effect"
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Preedy, Victor R. Beer in health and disease prevention. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009.
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Rätsch, Christian. Urbock: Bier jenseits von Hopfen und Malz : von den Zaubertränken der Götter zu den psychedelischen Bieren der Zukunft. Aarau [Switzerland]: AT Verlag, 1996.
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Turner, Thomas Bourne. Forward together: Industry and academia : history of the Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation, 1969-1991. Baltimore, Md: ABMRF, 1993.
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L, Bennett Virginia, and Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation., eds. Forward together: Industry and academia : history of the Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation, 1969-1991. Baltimore: The Foundation, 1993.
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Turner, Thomas Bourne. Forward together: Industry and academia : history of the Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation, 1969-1991. Baltimore: The Foundation, 1993.
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Beer Belly Blues Becoming The Ultimate Male Again What Every Aging Man And The Women In His Life Need To Know. Abundant Health Systems Inc., 2010.
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Mahon, Anthony D. Aerobic training. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0039.
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Aerobic training is defined as exercise training that involves whole body endurance activity that is sustained for a sufficient length of time and at a sufficient intensity in order to improve cardiorespiratory fitness.1 The effect of aerobic training on physiological function in children has been investigated for nearly four decades. Some of this research has focused on the health-related benefits of this type of training on children and adolescents and for good reason. With increasing rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and many other physical inactivity-related disorders, there is ample reason to discern the health-related effects of aerobic training during the paediatric years.2,3 However, there also has been a concerted effort to study the effect of aerobic training on the physiological adaptations, particularly maximal oxygen uptake ( V · O 2 max), that are associated with endurance performance.4 This chapter will focus on the latter consideration and will examine the effect of aerobic training in apparently healthy children and adolescents.
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Wade, Carlson. Carlson Wade's New Fact/Book on Bee Pollen and Your Health. Keats Publishing, 1994.
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illustrator, Standeford Brian, ed. What's it like in space?: Stories from astronauts who've been there. 2016.
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Williams, Scot N. Assessing the phosphorus status of growing beef heifers. 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Beer – Physiological effect"
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Pohlmann, Andreas, Kaixuan Zhao, Sean B. Fain, Pottumarthi V. Prasad, and Thoralf Niendorf. "Experimental Protocol for MRI Mapping of the Blood Oxygenation-Sensitive Parameters T2* and T2 in the Kidney." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 403–17. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_23.
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AbstractRenal hypoxia is generally accepted as a key pathophysiologic event in acute kidney injury of various origins, and has also been suggested to play a role in the development of chronic kidney disease. Here we describe a step-by-step experimental protocol for indirect monitoring of renal blood oxygenation in rodents via the deoxyhemoglobin sensitive MR parameters T2* and T2—a contrast mechanism known as the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect. Since an absolute quantification of renal oxygenation from T2*/T2 remains challenging, the effects of controlled and standardized variations in the fraction of inspired oxygen are used for bench marking. This MRI method may be useful for investigating renal blood oxygenation of small rodents in vivo under various experimental (patho)physiological conditions.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis.
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Moortgat, Peter, Jill Meirte, Ulrike Van Daele, Mieke Anthonissen, Tine Vanhullebusch, and Koen Maertens. "Vacuum Massage in the Treatment of Scars." In Textbook on Scar Management, 475–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_54.
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AbstractVacuum massage is a noninvasive mechanical massage technique performed with a mechanical device that lifts the skin by means of suction to create and mobilize a skin fold. It was invented by a French engineer suffering from burn scars after a car accident and has since then been frequently used for the treatment of burn scars.The two most reported physical effects of vacuum massage were improvement of the tissue hardness and the elasticity of the skin. Besides physical effects, a variety of physiological effects are reported in the literature, for example, an increased number of fibroblasts and collagen fibers accompanied by an alteration of fibroblast phenotype and collagen orientation. Little information was found on the decrease of pain and itch due to vacuum massage.Although vacuum massage initially had been developed for the treatment of burn scars, a literature review found little evidence for the efficacy of this treatment. Variations in duration, amplitude, or frequency of the treatment have a substantial influence on collagen restructuring and reorientation, thus implying possible beneficial influences on the healing potential by mechanotransduction pathways. Vacuum massage may release the mechanical tension associated with scar retraction and thus induce apoptosis of myofibroblasts. Suggestions for future research include upscaling the study design, investigating the molecular pathways and dose dependency, comparing effects in different stages of repair, including evolutive parameters and the use of more objective assessment tools.
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Lopez, Violeta, and Piyanee Klainin-Yobas. "Health Promotion Among Cancer Patients: Innovative Interventions." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 227–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_17.
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AbstractThere are growing interests in promoting health of patients with cancer targeting on prevention and control as there are several modifiable risk factors that can be controlled to prevent cancer such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy behaviors. Once diagnosis of cancer has been determined, health promotion interventions can be targeted on helping patients overcome the physiological and psychological effects of the diagnosis. Health promotion interventions should continue during treatment, survivorship, and for those receiving palliative care. More specifically is the promotion of psychological health of patients with cancer. Introduction of the incidence of cancer, cancer risk protection interventions and innovative health promotion interventions along these different periods in the life of patients with cancer are presented. Some theoretical frameworks used in health promotion research with examples of studies are discussed.
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Kontogiannatos, Dimitrios, Anna Kolliopoulou, and Luc Swevers. "The 'Trojan horse' approach for successful RNA interference in insects." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 25–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0025.
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Abstract Since the discovery of RNA interference in 1998 as a potent molecular tool for the selective downregulation of gene expression in almost all eukaryotes, increasing research is being performed in order to discover applications that are useful for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The ease of use of double-stranded RNA for targeted in vivo gene silencing in animal cells and tissues gave birth to a massive interest from industry in order to discover biotechnological applications for human health and plant protection. For insects, RNAi became the 'Holy Grail' of pesticide manufacturing, because this technology is a promising species-specific environmentally friendly approach to killing natural enemies of cultured plants and farmed animals. The general idea to use RNAi as a pest-control agent originated with the realization that dsRNAs that target developmentally or physiologically important insect genes can cause lethal phenotypes as a result of the specific gene downregulation. Most importantly to achieve this, dsRNA is not required to be constitutively expressed via a transgene in the targeted insect but it can be administrated orally after direct spraying on the infested plants. Similarly, dsRNAs can be administered to pests after constitutive expression as a hairpin in plants or bacteria via stable transgenesis. Ideally, this technology could have already been applied in integrated pest management (IPM) if improvements were not essential in order to achieve higher insecticidal effects. There are many limitations that decrease RNAi efficiency in insects, which arise from the biochemical nature of the insect gut as well as from deficiencies in the RNAi core machinery, a common phenomenon mostly observed in lepidopteran species. To overcome these obstacles, new technologies should be assessed to ascertain that the dsRNA will be transferred intact, stable and in high amounts to the targeted insect cells. In this chapter we will review a wide range of recent discoveries that address the delivery issues of dsRNAs in insect cells, with a focus on the most prominent and efficient technologies. We will also review the upcoming and novel use of viral molecular components for the successful and efficient delivery of dsRNA to the insect cell.
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Kontogiannatos, Dimitrios, Anna Kolliopoulou, and Luc Swevers. "The 'Trojan horse' approach for successful RNA interference in insects." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 25–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0004a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Since the discovery of RNA interference in 1998 as a potent molecular tool for the selective downregulation of gene expression in almost all eukaryotes, increasing research is being performed in order to discover applications that are useful for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The ease of use of double-stranded RNA for targeted in vivo gene silencing in animal cells and tissues gave birth to a massive interest from industry in order to discover biotechnological applications for human health and plant protection. For insects, RNAi became the 'Holy Grail' of pesticide manufacturing, because this technology is a promising species-specific environmentally friendly approach to killing natural enemies of cultured plants and farmed animals. The general idea to use RNAi as a pest-control agent originated with the realization that dsRNAs that target developmentally or physiologically important insect genes can cause lethal phenotypes as a result of the specific gene downregulation. Most importantly to achieve this, dsRNA is not required to be constitutively expressed via a transgene in the targeted insect but it can be administrated orally after direct spraying on the infested plants. Similarly, dsRNAs can be administered to pests after constitutive expression as a hairpin in plants or bacteria via stable transgenesis. Ideally, this technology could have already been applied in integrated pest management (IPM) if improvements were not essential in order to achieve higher insecticidal effects. There are many limitations that decrease RNAi efficiency in insects, which arise from the biochemical nature of the insect gut as well as from deficiencies in the RNAi core machinery, a common phenomenon mostly observed in lepidopteran species. To overcome these obstacles, new technologies should be assessed to ascertain that the dsRNA will be transferred intact, stable and in high amounts to the targeted insect cells. In this chapter we will review a wide range of recent discoveries that address the delivery issues of dsRNAs in insect cells, with a focus on the most prominent and efficient technologies. We will also review the upcoming and novel use of viral molecular components for the successful and efficient delivery of dsRNA to the insect cell.
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Rawal, Kirti, Barjinder Singh Saini, and Indu Saini. "Analysis of HRV during the Menstrual Cycle and Postmenopause." In Computational Tools and Techniques for Biomedical Signal Processing, 228–41. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0660-7.ch011.
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Every woman experiences an extensive fluctuation in HRV during her menstrual cycle and even after menopause. A woman who lives long enough will experience menopause as a normal physiologic event. The study of the influence of premenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms on HRV has not been adequate. During this period, health management is an important factor to be considered as it affects the entire quality of women life. Many women having diverse physical, behavioural as well as psychological symptoms at the time of menopause and even after the menopause. Thus, HRV analysis is an appropriate tool to examine the physiological effects of the menstrual cycle in young healthy women and the postmenopause in old women. This chapter intends to study the influence of the menstrual cycle, and postmenopause on autonomic modulation of heart with a perspective of signal processing approach.
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Wu, Zhiming, Tao Lin, Ningjiu Tang, and Shaomei Wu. "Effects of Display Characteristics on Presence and Emotional Responses of Game Players." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 130–45. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8450-8.ch006.
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Large displays are becoming ubiquitous and one important property of large displays is that they afford larger visual angles and physically larger screen sizes. However, there has been little investigation of the effects of large displays on users; furthermore, few studies have employed physiological measures, nor isolated the effects on presence and emotional responses of large visual angle and physically large screen size. This study, then, examines specifically the effects of these two properties of large displays on presence and emotional responses, using physiological as well as subjective methods. The results indicate that the larger visual angle offered by a large display can increase the sense of presence, engagement, and emotional responses when players are playing games. More interestingly, the physically larger sizes offered by a large display seem to also be able to affect these player experiences, even at identical visual angles with small displays.
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Fabbri, Elisa, Marco Zoli, and Luigi Ferrucci. "Age-related physiologic declines." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 303–10. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0041.
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‘How and why living organisms age?’ This question has puzzled and challenged philosophers and scientists for centuries. Ageing can be defined as a progressive loss of anatomic and physiological integrity across multiple systems and organs, leading to impaired function and higher vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and death. Although the biological mechanisms that trigger and accelerate ageing are still not understood, enormous steps forward in delineating the effects of ageing has been made in recent years. Ageing induces morphological and physiological changes across multiple organs and systems, which result in progressive loss of resilience, increased vulnerability to stressors, disease susceptibility, and development of physical and cognitive frailty, disability, and adverse outcomes.
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Lafer, Eileen M., Margaret McCuiston, and Ann Swanson. "Yoga Therapy." In Handbook of Research on Evidence-Based Perspectives on the Psychophysiology of Yoga and Its Applications, 159–78. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3254-6.ch010.
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This chapter reviews the evidence supporting the efficacy of yoga therapy for wellness, and as an adjunct to standard care for a number of chronic conditions. The underlying mechanisms are explored, including the physiological and biochemical changes that have been observed in yoga practitioners. Yoga has been found to activate the relaxation response—a physiological state which reduces stress on bodily systems. Yoga leads to changes in gene expression, including decreases in the expression of genes involved in stress and inflammation. The positive effects of yoga therapy are interpreted through the lens of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model, which cultivates eudaimonic well-being and salutogenesis. Researchers attribute a wide range of yoga's therapeutic benefits largely to its whole-person approach to well-being.
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Carolina Cardoso-Teixeira, Ana, Klausen Oliveira-Abreu, Levy Gabriel de Freitas Brito, Andrelina Noronha Coelho-de-Souza, and José Henrique Leal-Cardoso. "Effects of Terpenes and Terpenoids of Natural Occurrence in Essential Oils on Vascular Smooth Muscle and on Systemic Blood Pressure: Pharmacological Studies and Perspective of Therapeutic Use." In Terpenes and Terpenoids [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94194.
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Terpenes are a class of chemical compounds with carbon and hydrogen atoms in their structure. They can be classified into several classes according to the quantity of isoprene units present in its structure. Terpenes can have their structure modified by the addition of various chemical radicals. When these molecules are modified by the addition of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, they become terpenoids. Terpenes and terpenoids come from the secondary metabolism of several plants. They can be found in the leaves, fruits, stem, flowers, and roots. The concentration of terpenes and terpenoids in these organs can vary according to several factors such as the season, collection method, and time of the day. Several biological activities and physiological actions are attributed to terpenes and terpenoids. Studies in the literature demonstrate that these molecules have antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, and antidiabetogenic activities. Additionally, repellent and gastroprotective activity is reported. Among the most prominent activities of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids are those on the cardiovascular system. Reports on literature reveal the potential effect of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids on systemic blood pressure. Studies show that these substances have a hypotensive and bradycardic effect. In addition, the inotropic activity, both positive and negative, of these compounds has been reported. Studies also have shown that some monoterpenes and monoterpenoids also have a vasorelaxing activity on several vascular beds. These effects are attributed, in many cases to the blocking of ion channels, such as voltage-gated calcium channels. It can also be observed that monoterpenes and monoterpenoids can have their effects modulated by the action of the vascular endothelium. In addition, it has been shown that the molecular structure and the presence of chemical groups influence the potency and efficacy of these compounds on vascular beds. Here, the effect of several monoterpenes and monoterpenoids on systemic blood pressure and vascular smooth muscle will be reported.
Conference papers on the topic "Beer – Physiological effect"
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Leal-Guerra, C. S., A. Sierra, L. C. Damas-Buenrostro, and B. Pereyra-Alférez. "Effect of different physiological stress on flocculation and fermentative capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in lager beer." In Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0090.
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Qin, Yi-Xian, Hoyan Lam, and Murtaza Malbari. "The Effects of Loading Rate and Duration on Mitigation of Osteopenia by Dynamic Muscle Stimulation." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206685.
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Musculoskeletal adaptations to aging and disuse environment have significant physiological effects on skeletal health, i.e., osteopenia and bone loss. Osteoporosis often occurs together with muscle loss. Such musculoskeletal complications cause severe physiologic changes and have been proposed the synergistic effects of muscle function and bone adaptation. The role of mechanobiology in the skeletal tissue may be closely related to load-induced transductive signals, e.g., bone fluid flow, which is proposed to be a critical mediator of bone and muscle adaptation. The skeletal muscle may serve as a muscle pump that may mediate bone mechanotransduction via modulation of intramedullary pressure. Muscular stimulation (MS) is proposed to be used to simultaneously treat both muscle and bone loss. Indeed, our recent data have demonstrated that high frequency, short duration stimulation can inhibit bone loss and muscle atrophy. Although 10 min dynamic loading can effectively attenuate bone loss, it cannot totally recover disuse osteopenia. The optimal parameters required for such treatment are unclear. Studies have separately investigated the optimal signal parameters for bone or muscle. Insertion of recovery periods during high frequency stimulations to extend the loading cycles have shown potential to reduce muscle atrophy by minimizing fatigue and mimicking physiologic contractions, and demonstrated enhancement of bone remodeling. The overall hypothesis for this study is that dynamic MS can enhance anabolic activity in bone, and inhibit bone loss in a functional disuse condition. Combined high frequency and sufficient loading cycle may be able to completely mitigate bone loss induced by disuse osteopenia.
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van den Broek, Chantal N., Marcel C. M. Rutten, Ole Frøbert, and Frans N. van de Vosse. "Culture Medium With Blood Analog Mechanical Properties." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176336.
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Culture of arteries has become increasingly important in studying atherosclerosis and the effect of clinical interventions [1]. Ideally, arterial culturing should imitate in vivo conditions within an ex vivo environment. Physiological wall shear stresses are important as they induce an atheroprotective endothelial phenotype [2], which is relevant for maintaining arterial wall integrity. The arteries in such ex vivo studies, however, are perfused with culture medium, which has a viscosity lower than blood. Previously, the culture medium has been supplemented with dextran to obtain physiological fluid viscosity and wall shear stresses. However, several researchers [3,4] reported side effects of dextran on the cells in the arterial wall independent of its effect on medium viscosity. Also, dextran increases medium osmolality to supraphysiological levels [5]. This suggests that dextran may not be the optimal substance to increase medium viscosity.
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Killian, Megan L., and Tammy L. Haut Donahue. "Effect of Pathological and Physiological Loads on Interleukin-1α Protein Production in Porcine Menisci." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192145.
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The meniscus performs several functions for the maintenance of knee joint health, such as load transmission and joint stability. Meniscal lesions have been suggested as a precursor to the onset of osteoarthritis (OA)[1]. Such lesions often lead to surgical removal of the torn portion of the meniscus, increasing cartilage to cartilage contact area. Partial meniscectomies have been shown using finite element analysis and histology to lead to altered and increased mechanical loading on the remaining meniscus and underlying articular cartilage[2,3]. Consequently, pathological compressive strains of more than 15% have been shown to increase proteoglycan breakdown and meniscal matrix degradation[4]. Preliminary investigations in our laboratory have demonstrated an increase in interleukin-1α (IL-1α) gene expression of meniscal explants subjected to pathological levels of dynamic compressive strain [6,7]. This inflammatory cytokine has been attributed to apoptosis and matrix degradation[5]. However, gene expression measurements merely suggest possible matrix remodeling mechanisms and do not necessarily result in protein syntheses from which matrix changes occur. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify protein synthesis of IL-1α in porcine meniscal implants after compressive strain exercises. It was hypothesized that, similar to mRNA expression, protein synthesis for pathologically loaded (0 or 20% dynamic strain) samples would be greater than samples loaded to physiological levels (10% strain).
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Kurcubic, Vladimir, Slavisa Stajic, and Nemanja Miletic. "UTICAJ ODREĐENIH STRESOGENIH FAKTORA NA KVALITET GOVEĐEG MESA." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.473k.
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Stress inevitably occurs from farm to slaughter in modern cattle breeding. The effects of stress on behavior, physiological status, and meat quality have been examined by a number of authors. The mechanism of the effects of stress on physiological and biochemical changes and the consequent effects on meat quality attributes are significantly more limited. This review summarizes the primary stress factors that affect animal welfare and cause biochemical changes during the early postmortem period, which reduces the quality of carcasses and their nutritional quality. In order to obtain high quality meat, further studies are needed to uncover the complex mechanisms mentioned above.
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Sen, Sagar, Pierre Bernabé, and Erik Johannes B. L. G. Husom. "DeepVentilation: Learning to Predict Physical Effort from Breathing." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/753.
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Tracking physical effort from physiological signals has enabled people to manage required activity levels in our increasingly sedentary and automated world. Breathing is a physiological process that is a reactive representation of our physical effort. In this demo, we present DeepVentilation, a deep learning system to predict minute ventilation in litres of air a person moves in one minute uniquely from real-time measurement of rib-cage breathing forces. DeepVentilation has been trained on input signals of expansion and contraction of the rib-cage obtained using a non-invasive respiratory inductance plethysmography sensor to predict minute ventilation as observed from a face/head mounted exercise spirometer. The system is used to track physical effort closely matching our perception of actual exercise intensity. The source code for the demo is available here: https://github.com/simula-vias/DeepVentilation
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Yano, Koichiro, Daisuke Mori, Ken-ichi Tsubota, Takuji Ishikawa, Shigeo Wada, and Takami Yamaguchi. "Effect of the Red Blood Cells on the Primary Thrombus Formation." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176360.
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It has been pointed out that some mechanical factors play important roles in a series of physiological or biochemical processes during the thrombus formation. Recently, many studies including the authors’ work qualitatively demonstrated how the thrombus is regulated under the influences of the blood flow and the intercellular molecular bridge using computational fluid dynamics techniques[1–4]. They verified the importance of the balance of them in the process of the thrombus formation. However, few studies have taken into account the existence of the other cell constituents than the platelet such as red blood cell (RBC).
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Zafarparandeh, Iman, Deniz Erbulut, Ismail Lazoglu, and Fahir Ozer. "Effect of Asymmetry on Finite Element Model of Cervical Spine." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14158.
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The cervical region of spinal column has been known as a frequent site of injuries. The major causes of injuries are vehicle accidents and sports. Clinical instability is known as one of the important topics in cervical spine research. It clarifies the relation between the mechanical dysfunction of the spine and the neurologic dysfunction and pain. From the clinical point of view, if the spinal segment exhibits abnormal large increase in rotational or translational displacements under physiological load, it is considered as unstable. There are different biomechanical models available to understand the underlying mechanisms of injury and dysfunction. Finite element (FE) models have been used as a strong tool to provide the basic insights into the workings of the cervical spine system. Furthermore, they have been clinically useful in the development of the definition of clinical instability and of diagnostic guidelines [1].
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Torii, Ryo, Nigel B. Wood, Nearchos Hadjiloizou, Andrew Wright, Alun D. Hughes, Simon A. M. Thom, and X. Yun Xu. "Does the Difference in Realistic Waveform Before and After Stenting Affect Hemodynamics in Stenosed Coronary Artery?" In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176150.
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Vascular hemodynamic forces influence the focal development of atherosclerosis. Atherogenesis has been linked to low and oscillating wall shear stress (WSS) driven by the pulsatile nature of blood flow [1, 2]. Strong evidence has emerged that time-averaged WSS (TAWSS) and oscillating shear index (OSI) are important measures of the atherogenic nature of blood flow. Recently it was reported that the phase-angle between oscillating WSS and circumferential strain in arterial wall (stress phase angle: SPA) may also influence endothelial cell function and contribute to atherosclerosis [3]. In stenosed, curved or bifurcated arteries, the blood flow pattern is complex because of flow separation, which is highly sensitive to the local velocity waveform [4]. Although the effects of waveform on coronary blood flow has been studied by comparing physiological and idealised waveforms [5], the effects of variation in physiological waveforms and their impact on SPA are still unclear. In this study we investigated computationally the influence of physiological flow velocity and pressure waveforms on coronary hemodynamic parameters (e.g. TAWSS, OSI and SPA) using waveforms acquired before and after coronary artery stenting.
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Tsvankin, Vadim, Dmitry Belchenko, Devon Scott, and Wei Tan. "Anisotropic Strain Effects on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Physiology." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176284.
Full textAbstract:
Biological development is a complex and highly-regulated process, a significant part of which is controlled by mechanostimulus, or the strain imparted on a cell by its environment. Mechanostimulus is important for stem cell differentiation, from cytoskeletal assembly to cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion [1]. The mechanics of cells and tissues play a critical role in organisms, under both physiological and pathological conditions; abnormal mechanotransduction — the mechanism by which cells sense and respond to strain — has been implicated in a wide range of clinical pathologies [2,3].