Journal articles on the topic 'Beef industry Japan'
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NOMA, Mariko. "Indigenous and Introduced: How Beef-eating Acceptance Affected the Cattle Industry in Modern Japan." Korean Jornal of History of Science 44, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 393–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.36092/kjhs.2022.44.2.393.
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Jamaludin, M. H., M. H. Hassan, M. R. Amin, and A. K. Zulhisyam. "The Future of the Malaysian Beef Industry." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 2, no. 1 (August 3, 2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v2i1.489.
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Beef is an important protein food source, and an important commodity for a country like Malaysia. Countries such as South Korea and Japan have not only been able to increase beef output, but have also introduced their breed, the Hanwoo and Wagyu cattle respectively into the international beef industry. Meanwhile for Malaysia, it was expected that local production can only fulfill 30% of the country’s total beef demand for 2012. Although research in enhancing cattle production started concurrently with countries such as South Korea, the 40 years of research put into enhancing the local production of cattle species for their beef has been futile. Drastic measures need to be taken to ensure the country’s self-sufficiency in the cattle industry, and identifying the causes leading to the declination should be the main priority to prevent further deterioration of the industry.
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Lin, Biing-Hwan, and Hiroshi Mori. "Implicit values of Beef carcass characteristics in Japan: Implications for the US Beef export industry." Agribusiness 7, no. 2 (March 1991): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(199103)7:2<101::aid-agr2720070203>3.0.co;2-f.
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DuBois, Thomas David. "Many roads from pasture to plate: a commodity chain approach to China’s beef trade, 1732–1931." Journal of Global History 14, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022818000335.
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AbstractThe advent of refrigerated transport made fresh beef a global commodity, linking South American and Australian producers to hungry consumers in Europe and North America. With vast supplies of cattle, and growing markets in Japan, Russia, and beyond, China was the last great frontier of this global transformation. Rather than a single export trade, China’s beef industry was a complex and multidirectional network of producers, processors, and consumers, its many production chains each facing distinct commercial, logistic, and political challenges. This article examines three such chains, the Qing-era caravan trade that drove live sheep and cattle to Beijing, the Harbin meat-packing industry that grew up around the Russian China Eastern Railway, and Japanese-dominated export of beef from Qingdao. A cross-section of these issues shows how the industry as a whole adapted to the new pressures and opportunities of globalization, as well as those presented by technology, foreign investment, imperialism, and war.
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Nakano, Katsuyuki, and Ken Yamagishi. "Impact of Carbon Tax Increase on Product Prices in Japan." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071986.
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The introduction or strengthening of a carbon tax is being considered in many countries as an economic policy instrument to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there is no study analyzing the impact of a carbon tax increase in a uniform method for various products, reflecting the energy taxes and exemptions. Therefore, this study analyzes the price changes of products associated with the introduction of a stronger carbon tax, using Japan as an example. A process-based life cycle assessment database was used to enable a detailed product-level analysis. Five scenarios with different taxation amounts and methods were analyzed. The results show that price changes vary greatly by industry sector and product, even within the same industry sector. For example, seasonal vegetables and recycled plastics are less affected by carbon tax increases. Imported products, such as primary aluminum, are not affected by the Japanese carbon tax change, indicating a risk of carbon leakage. If GHGs other than CO2 are also taxed, the price of CH4 and N2O emitting products, such as rice and beef, would rise significantly. The method presented in this paper enables companies to assume price changes in procured products due to carbon taxes and policymakers to analyze the impact of such taxes on products.
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KAKU, Kouichi. "A Study on the Use of Futures Markets to Manage Price Risk of Cattle and Beef Industry in the U.S. and Japan." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 68, no. 1 (1997): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.68.61.
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Oleynikov, Vladislav. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of oregano extract (Origani vulgaris herba L.)." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-84-90.
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Introduction. Some ingredients of plant origin possess both antioxidant and bacteriostatic properties. If used in the food industry, they can inhibit microbiological and oxidative damage, thus increasing the shelf life of meat products. Oregano extract is one of such substances, which means that it can be used as an antioxidant and preservative. Therefore, the study of this plant has a significant theoretical and practical potential for the food industry.
Study objects and methods. The present research featured ground trimmed beef. The samples with 20% of fat tissue were used to determine the microbiological parameters, while the samples with 30% of fat were used to obtain data on oxidative stability. The control sample contained no additional ingredients. The sample with food additives was pre-treated with acidity regulators and antioxidants, namely sodium acetate E262, ascorbic acid E300, sodium ascorbate E301, sodium citrate E331, and rosemary extract E392. The sample with oregano extract was pre-treated with oregano extract (Origani vulgaris herba L.) in the ratio of 5 g of extract per 1 kg of meat. The extract had been dissolved in 100 g of water. The samples were stored at 4 ± 2°C for 12 days. A CM5 spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta, Japan) was used to determine the color characteristics. The induction period of oxidative stability was determined using an Oxitest oxidative stability analyzer (Velp Scientifica, Italy). The studies were conducted in Austria, Linz.
Results and discussion. Oregano extract stabilized the redness rating. For the sample with oregano extract, the induction period of oxidative stability was twice as long as for the control sample and the sample with antioxidants. In addition, oregano inhibited the growth of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms.
Conclusion. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of oregano extract prolong the shelf life of ground beef, which makes it possible to reduce the amount of food additives.
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Craig, Tim. "Brewed in Japan: the evolution of the Japanese beer industry." Asia Pacific Business Review 24, no. 3 (January 26, 2018): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2018.1426293.
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Pilcher, Jeffrey M. "Brewed in Japan: The Evolution of the Japanese Beer Industry." Food, Culture & Society 18, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 705–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2015.1088198.
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Sakatani, M., M. Miwa, and K. Abe. "93 The efficiency of estrus detection by accelerometry in Holstein and Japanese Black crossbred cows." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab93.
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Accurate oestrus detection is important in order to perform AI and embryo transfer procedures at appropriate times. Pedometers and accelerometers have been utilised in the livestock industry to detect oestrus. However, the efficacy of these devices in beef cattle production systems remains unclear. In this preliminary study, we evaluated the efficacy of a commercially available accelerometer device for oestrus detection in nonlactating Holstein×Japanese Black crossbred cows (n=14). Accelerometer devices (Farmnote Color, Farmnote Inc., Hokkaido, Japan) were placed on the neck of each animal and remained in place for 3 months. Cows were kept in a pen during the day (8-9 cows/pen) and a pasture during the night. Cows were visually monitored for oestrus activity twice daily in the morning and evening for 30min. The activity of cows detected by the sensor was recorded every hour. Oestrus occurrence and duration were automatically detected and calculated by the device. Alerts generated by the device were categorized as either true positives (TP), false positives (FP) or false negatives (FN). True positives were defined as the observation of oestrus in conjunction with a device-generated oestrus alert or confirmation of the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) by ovarian ultrasonography 5 days following an oestrus alert. False positives were defined as events in which an oestrus alert was generated by the device, but no corresponding visual observation of oestrus occurred or a CL was not present 5 days following the alert. False negatives were cases where oestrus was observed visually but there was no corresponding device-generated oestrus alert. Reasons for FP were categorized into 1 of 3 categories defined as (1) other cows in oestrus in the same pen, (2) cows that were moved from other herds, (3) ovarian disorder such as follicular cyst, and (4) unknown. Statistical analyses were conducted using Student’s t-test. Results were considered significant at P<0.05. A total of 58 alerts were generated by the accelerometer devices. The percentage of TP and FP were 46.6 and 53.4%, respectively. Of the FP, 46.7% (14/31) were generated due to other cows in the same pen being in oestrus. During the study, there were 33 visually observed estruses for which there was also a corresponding device alert. Of these, 81.8% were TP and 18.2% were FN. Oestrus duration was significantly longer for TP than for FP (15.5±5.2v. 11.5±3.8 h; P<0.01). In addition, the change in activity at 2-9h after device-generated alerts was greater for TP than for FP (P<0.05). Oestrus duration (15.5h) for TP in the present study was similar to that observed previously by pedometer (16.8h) or temperature measurement (16.3h) in beef cattle (Sakatani et al. 2016 J. Reprod. Dev. 62, 201-207, DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-095). These results indicate that accelerometry could be effective for detecting oestrus in beef cattle. However, FP rate was quite high. The FP rate could be decreased by improving the alert detection threshold because the duration and change in activity were lower in FP cows. Further research with a greater number of animals is necessary to confirm these preliminary observations. This study was supported by the Project of the NARO Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (AI-Project, The Special Scheme to Create Dynamism in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries through Deploying Highly Advanced Technology).
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Rathnayake, Chinthani, Bill Malcolm, Garry Griffith, and Alex Sinnette. "Trade Consequences of the Farm Production Regulation: The Glyphosate Ban in the Sri Lankan Tea Industry." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2022.011.02.1.
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Abstract Tea manufacturing is an important industry for the Sri Lankan economy because it generates foreign income, which adds to gross domestic product of the country and creates employment opportunities. Tea has been exported to several countries from Sri Lanka for over a century, and Sri Lanka remains a leading tea exporter to date. Recently, the Sri Lankan government issues a policy which disadvantages the tea industry in the country. The government banned the use of glyphosate in the agricultural sector from 2015 to 2018 which directly or indirectly affects the tea industry. The policy brought a consequence where the farmers used illegal substances and other weedicides to control the weed. These consequences placed the Sri Lankan tea industry at risk since their final product is contains high amount of residual weedicide which exceeds the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). In this paper, we use The Equilibrium Displacement Model to study the economic impact of rejections of tea consignments by Japan due to the excess use of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in 2018. The demand of Sri Lankan bulk black tea by Japan has declined by 6.5% between 2017 and 2018. The estimated of the Sri Lankan tea industry from reduced demand for bulk black tea was Rs339 million. Keywords: tea industry, glyphosate ban, Sri Lanka Abstrak Teh adalah industri penting bagi perekonomian Sri Lanka karena menghasilkan devisa yang menambah produksi domestik bruto dan menciptakan lapangan kerja. Teh telah diekspor dari Sri Lanka selama lebih dari satu abad ke berbagai negara dan Sri Lanka tetap menjadi eksportir utama. Kebijakan pemerintah baru-baru ini yang memengaruhi sektor pertanian tidak menguntungkan bagi industri teh. Pelarangan penggunaan glifosat dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018 merupakan salah satu kebijakan yang berdampak signifikan terhadap industri teh, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Konsekuensi penggunaan formulasi pengendali gulma ilegal dan herbisida alternatif menempatkan industri teh pada keadaan yang beresiko melalui konsekuensi tidak disengaja dari kehilangan akses ke pasar ekspor teh karena insiden mengenai kelebihan Batas Maksimum Residu. Dalam tulisan ini, dampak ekonomi dari penolakan pengiriman teh dari Jepang karena penggunaan 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) yang berlebihan pada tahun 2018 diselidiki dengan menggunakan Equilibrium Displacement Model pada industri teh. Permintaan ekspor Jepang untuk teh hitam curah turun 6,5% antara 2017 dan 2018. Perkiraan kerugian surplus ekonomi industri teh Sri Lanka dari penurunan permintaan teh hitam curah adalah Rs339 juta. Kata kunci: industri teh, larangan penggunaan glifosat, Sri Lanka
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Wolcott, Susan, and Gregory Clark. "Why Nations Fail: Managerial Decisions and Performance in Indian Cotton Textiles, 1890–1938." Journal of Economic History 59, no. 2 (June 1999): 397–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700022889.
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Between 1890 and 1938 Japan experienced rapid economic growth. India stagnated. This national divergence was reflected in the performance of both countries' leading modern industiy, cotton textiles. The parallels between national and industry performance suggest the problems of the Indian textile industry may have been those of India as a whole. Weak management is widely blamed for poor performance in textiles. An analysis of managerial decisions in Bombay shows, however, that on all measurable dimensions Indian managers performed as well as they could. The problem instead was one factor they could not change—the effort levels of Indian workers.
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Nuzula, Nila Firdausi. "Does environmental cost affect Japanese Firms' performance?" Intern. Journal of Profess. Bus. Review 4, no. 1 (August 6, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2019.v4i1.105.
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This article aims to examine the effect of environmental cost to financial performances, measured by profitability and firm value in Japanese chemical industry during 2012-2015. Examining about this matter in Japan case is suitable since the government has settled guidelines that assist the companies to record and report their activities in environmental preservation. This study focuses on chemical industry in Japan because the industry has been potential to create hazardous wastes along with its daily businesses. In Japan, the companies are involved in Japan Chemical Industry Association (JCIA) that initiates international environmental programs called Responsible Care.
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Partner, Simon. "Brewed in Japan: The Evolution of the Japanese Beer Industry by Jeffrey W. Alexander." Journal of Japanese Studies 41, no. 2 (2015): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jjs.2015.0036.
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Momaya, Kiran, and Kenneth Selby. "International competitiveness of the Canadian construction industry: a comparison with Japan and the United States." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 640–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-004.
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Competitiveness can be a useful indicator of the long-term health of an industry. Whereas competitiveness has been studied at the corporate and national levels, its usefulness at the industry level has not been explored. The research objective is to develop a model to evaluate competitiveness at the industry level. Motivated by persistent problems of the Canadian construction industry, an attempt is made to quantify its international competitiveness. The industry is compared with its counterparts in Japan and the United States. Competitiveness is defined, the different dimensions of competitiveness are illustrated, and the need to quantify competitiveness is discussed. A multicriteria hierarchical model was developed and tested using both statistical and survey data. Salient findings of the research and conclusions are presented.Key words: international competitiveness, industry performance, strategic management, Canadian construction industry, Canada, Japan, United States.
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ERSOY, Yusuf. "Endüstri 4.0'ın Uygulanmasındaki Avantajlar ve Engeller ve Endüstri 4.0'ın Temel Özellikleri." Journal of International Scientific Researches 7, no. 3 (October 7, 2022): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23834/isrjournal.1122471.
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Since the publication of the term "Industry 4.0" in 2011, the digital transformation required by Industry 4.0 has immediately attracted the attention of industrialists and governments around the world. Majority of the countries around the world are dealing with the difficulty of producing more goods from limited and consumed natural resources to meet the ever-increasing consumer demand worldwide with the first industrial revolution in the 18th century due to environmental and vital issues. Therefore, the sustainability impacts of Industry 4.0 and the way it contributes to sustainable economic, environmental and social development are getting more and more attention. Nowadays, Industry 4.0 is about digitalization in all industrial and consumer markets, from smart production systems to all distribution channels. Industry 4.0 digital transformation involves the digitization and integration of the entire value chain of the product life cycle. Industry 4.0 is a technological concept that contributes to the sustainability of businesses in today's conditions. Industry 4.0 changes the organization, business models, products, supply chain and strategies of companies. Industry 4.0 enables businesses to be more agile and flexible by integrating people, machines and data. Nowadays, countries such as Germany, the United States of America, India, China, Japan, the United Kingdom and Brazil have been developing policies for the implementation of Industry 4.0. However, the adequacy and implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies can be difficult for both industry representatives and countries. In this research, the advantages and barriers in implementing of Industry 4.0 were expressed. In addition, Industry 4.0 and its main features have been explained.
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Pakoksung, Kwanchai, Anawat Suppasri, Panon Latcharote, Abdul Muhari, and Fumihiko Imamura. "Global Tsunami Risk Assessment: Collaboration Between Industry and Academia in the Willis Research Network (WRN)." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 7 (December 1, 2018): 1272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1272.
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We present outcomes of our collaborative research between tsunami engineering laboratory, Tohoku University and the Willis Research Network (WRN) on global tsunami risk assessment since 2010. First we assessed tsunami hazards in Indian Ocean and west Pacific from major earthquakes based on historical records. After the 2011 Japan tsunami, various kind of fragility functions were developed for human casualty, buildings, marine vessels, etc based on the actual data. Especially, detailed tsunami hazard assessments were performed in many areas using fine bathymetry and topography data all over Japan including hazards from the worst case tsunamigenic earthquakes provided by central government and local governments in Hokkaido, Japan Sea and Nankai Trough. These results from the detailed hazard and vulnerability assessment were used for detailed tsunami risk in Japan. The Willis’s Japan tsunami model was then first released in December 2014. The model have been updating based on the updated or revised tsunami sources model and fragility functions. Detailed tsunami hazards from potential tsunami events in the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea and some parts of Indonesia were also performed in 2014. In October 2016, our contribution on the historical and future tsunami hazard assessment in global scale based on historical records over the last 400 years was conducted as an activity to increase tsunami awareness as part of World Tsunami Awareness Day. The current activities are to extend the target areas in Japan to Okinawa and assessing disaster risk reduction based on the present and planned tsunami countermeasures. We present the outcomes of the collaborative research done since 2010 by the Tsunami Engineering Laboratory of Tohoku University and the Willis Research Network (WRN) on global tsunami risk assessment. First, we assessed, based on historical records, the tsunami hazards in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific from major earthquakes. Since the 2011 Japan tsunami, various kinds of fragility functions have been developed for human casualties, buildings, marine vessels, etc., based on the actual data. Detailed tsunami hazard assessments have been performed in many areas of Japan using fine bathymetry and topography data from all over Japan, including data on hazards from the worst-case tsunamigenic earthquakes. These data have been provided by the Cabinet Office, Japan. The results from the detailed hazard and vulnerability assessments were used for detailed tsunami risk assessments in Japan. The Willis Japan tsunami model was then released in December 2014. The model has been updated based on the updated or revised tsunami source model and fragility functions. Detailed tsunami hazards from potential tsunami events in the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea, and some parts of Indonesia were also performed in 2014. In October 2016, our contribution to the historical and future tsunami hazard assessment on a global scale based on historical records over the last 400 years was conducted as an activity to increase tsunami awareness as part of World Tsunami Awareness Day. The current activities are to extend the target areas in Japan to Okinawa and to assess the disaster risk reduction based on the present and planned tsunami countermeasures.
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LU, Shu, and Xiang Liu. "Research on Elevating Fujian’s Export Levels to Japan in Textile and Clothing Industry." Integration of Industry and Education 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.6938/iie.202002_2(1).0014.
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The textile and clothing industry is the traditional leading industry as well as an important export industry in Fujian Province. In recent years, the rapid development of the textile industry in Fujian has made it become an important part of the textile and apparel value chain, and has been deeply integrated into the entire value system. Japan is one of the traditional market exports of Fujian Province, but the textile products exported from Fujian Province to Japan have been at the low end of the value chain for a long time. Therefore, it is essential to discuss how to make Fujian textile and clothing industry climb to the high value link. This article takes Fujian Province’s textile and clothing industry as the research object, combines the current situation of Fujian’s textile and clothing exports based on the advantages and disadvantages of the Fujian’s textile and clothing value chain, and analyzes the situation of Fujian’s textile and clothing exports from the perspective of the value chain to pinpoint the problems, as a result, fumble out the solutions to improve and optimize Fujian's export of textiles and clothing to Japan.
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Kitagawa, Fumi. "Universities–Industry Links and Regional Development in Japan." Science, Technology and Society 14, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097172180801400101.
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The development of a new research system in Japan throughout the 1990s is seemingly leading to the emergence of new relationships and systems of innovation, in which new university-industry links have been sought as a means to stimulate regional economic growth. This article examines the changing roles of universities against the current policy and institutional landscapes in Japan, given the recent university reforms, the concentration of resources to ‘elite’ institutions, and the ‘regionalisation’ of science and innovation policies. The variety of forms of university-industry linkages and spatial relationships that universities are developing are illustrated, and organisational challenges in order to connect excellence and relevance at the institutional level are identified
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SANTOS, Kristine Michelle L. "Localising Japanese Popular Culture in the Philippines：Transformative Translations of Japan’s Cultural Industry." Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2021.13.1.93.
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Japan’s Cool Japan Initiative has aimed to tap Japan’s cultural industry to boost the country’s soft power all over the globe. In Southeast Asia, Cool Japan has its merits in countries such as Thailand and Singapore where Japanese cultural products, ranging from restaurants to television shows, have become easily accessible. Borrowing from Koichi Iwabuchi, Cool Japan provides opportunities for the country to present their “cultural odour.” That said, when the government is no longer in control of different cultural products, this ‘cultural odour’ takes a different shape. As a country that has not been central to Cool Japan initiatives, the Philippines presents an interesting case of localisations that negotiate Japanese cultural products in the Philippines. Focusing on observations of Japan’s contents industry, particularly access to anime and manga, this paper highlights how local consumers have made efforts to transform the ‘cultural odour’ of these Japanese products. This paper focuses on digital outputs such as social media fan works and dōjinshi of popular anime shows that bravely challenge the meanings of these Japanese cultural products. I argue that these localisations present critical transformations of Japanese popular culture which has led to knowledge from deviates from normative notions of Japan.
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Choi, Doo-Won, and Neung-Ho Han. "A Study on the Change of Trade Competitiveness in the Automobile Industry after Japan’s Export Regulation." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.267.
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Purpose This study analyzed how Japan’s export regulations affected the imports and exports of the automobile industry, and examined whether there was a change in the trade competitiveness of the automobile industry. Design/Methodology/Approach In order to examine the degree of improvement in the automobile industry’s imports, exports, and trade competitiveness with Japan in Korea, the world and Japanese import and export statistical data of the automobile industry were aggregated for five periods. In addition, the change trend in the dependence on imports and exports of automobiles and parts to Japan was examined. In addition, the change in competitiveness of the Korean automobile and parts industry to Japan was examined using the trade specialization index. Findings As a result of the analysis, it was found that the trade deficit of automobiles and parts with Japan in 2021 fell compared to 2017 and 2019. In the case of import and export dependence, there was little change in export dependence, but it was confirmed that there was a significant decrease in import dependence. Korea’s dependence on exports of automobiles and parts to Japan has decreased slightly, but its dependence on imports has decreased by 10 times, which can be interpreted as Japan receiving more trade losses in the automobile industry due to the Korea-Japan trade dispute. Research Implications In the passenger car sector, it can be evaluated that there has been a result of the boycott of Japanese products, and efforts to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic cars and diversify import lines should continue to continue this in the future. In addition, in order to continue this performance in automobile parts, efforts should be made to improve product competitiveness and import dependence in more diverse item groups in the parts.
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Shaikh, Sumaiyya Wahid, Genanew B. Worku, and Ananth Rao. "Japanese Airline Management Strategy ?Case study of All Nippon Airway’s Global Business Strategy?" International Conference on Advances in Business, Management and Law (ICABML) 2017 1, no. 1 (December 24, 2017): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/icabml-cp.v1i1.17.
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This paper analyses the strategy of All Nippon Airways, the second largest airline in Japan. The airline industry has been considered a symbol of government regulation. Competitive strategies increased through gradual deregulation in the 1980s, new entrants in the 1990s, and the expansion of Tokyo International Airport. Competition in the industry intensified when Japan Airlines (JAL), the largest airline in Japan, which rebuilt its operations using government support, re-listed. In this environment, ANA, which has been a private company since its inception and the second largest airline for many years, was the ninth largest in the world based on profits and number of passengers.
We first use a cross-sectional financial analysis to confirm the positioning in Japan’s aviation industry by comparing ANA with JAL. Next, regarding ANA’s management strategy, we use Ansoff’s Product-Market Growth Matrix. Finally, regarding global strategy, we analyze ANA.
Keywords: Airline; Management Strategy; Ansoff’s Matrix
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Guglielmi, Marco, Matthew Bullock, and Jean-Pierre Patureau. "INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE." International Journal of Space Technology Management and Innovation 1, no. 2 (July 2011): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijstmi.2011070102.
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The European Space Agency (ESA) has established a Technology Observatory to actively monitor and benchmark the evolution of space technologies worldwide in support of its space technology strategy. One of the issues that has been recently analysed is the effect of restrictions placed by national governments worldwide on the export of space technologies. In this paper, the authors discuss the main findings of this survey. Import and export restrictions and indicative space related export and import flows are mapped and analysed. In addition, space-related cooperation agreements are reviewed. Positive and negative impacts of export and impact restrictions are identified and analysed. Major space faring countries have national legislations dealing with ‘sensitive’ technologies; however, the scope and type of legislations vary widely. Diverging trends have been identified for major exporting space industries. The European space sector has experienced a large increase while its American counterpart witnessed a net decrease; countries like China, India, Japan, and Russia are more active in export activities. U.S. export regulations have had the strongest impact on shaping the world export market. The widening of the export market strengthens the impact of export restrictions in Europe.
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Miyamoto, Mizue. "Influence of Changing Thai Society on the Japanese Restaurant Industry in Bangkok." MANUSYA 20, no. 1 (2017): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-02001002.
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The number of Japanese restaurants in Bangkok has rapidly increased in the previous decade. According to the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) (2015:8), there are 2,126 Japanese restaurants in all of Thailand, and twothirds of these are located in Bangkok. The number has been increasing by 20% every year since 2007. The quality is also outstanding. Tazatsu (2008:7) states: “There is Japanese food available which Japanese people feel tasty with the most reasonable price outside Japan”.
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Sharp, Lucy. "Thinking small, achieving big." Impact 2020, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.1.74.
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Nanotechnology is a burgeoning industry in Japan. Indeed, with industry and scientific prowess, the country is emerging as a leader in the field. Nanotechnology is extremely valuable, with wide-ranging applications in fields as diverse as medicine, aerospace, electronics, biomaterials, solar cells, lasers, displays, nanofoods, textiles, cosmetics and energy production. With such diverse applications this field is integral to current and future research. Countries like Japan have much to gain from investing in its development and have been motivated to do so.
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LEE, JAY. "OVERVIEW OF MANUFACTURING STRATEGY IN JAPAN." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 03, no. 03 (September 1996): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539396000132.
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Japan has been a world leader in manufacturing in the past several decades. Undoubtedly, this leadership will persist well into the 21st century. It is, therefore, very important to understand the status of Japan's manufacturing technologies as well as its projected manufacturing strategies for the future, especially those technologies which would generate substantial impact on the manufacturing industries in the next five years. This paper highlights current Japanese manufacturing strategies. Examples on several major industries including the industrial machinery industry, the semiconductor industry, and the automotive industry will be given. In addition, major initiatives on emerging technologies, including micromachine, environmentally conscious design and manufacturing, and manufacturing globalization support are described.
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Kotyk, Jeffrey. "Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism." Religions 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12050302.
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Dairy products have existed in China from at least the Han Dynasty onward. Later, under the influence of Buddhism, dairy items such as yogurt, butter and ghee were required for ritual purposes. The domestic dairy industry in medieval China is an understudied topic, but even more so is the use of dairy in contemporary Japan, where Chinese traditions of Buddhism were transplanted in full. The kanji describing various dairy products were also known in Japan, but we must ask whether these substances were available in Japan, and to what extent. Unlike luxury consumables such as aromatics and medicines, perishable foodstuffs were unlikely to have been transported from the mainland. This study will document and discuss the transmission of a dairy industry from China to Japan, with a focus on the role of these products in religious and medical contexts.
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Watanabe, Tsunemi, Kazumasa Ozawa, Nozomu Mori, and Kenji Kinoshita. "Increasing Performance in the Japanese Construction Industry." Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value 4, no. 2 (December 3, 2012): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.37265/japiv.v4i2.89.
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The performance of the construction industry in Japan has been high due to a lack of emphasis of price. Due to rapid change in the industry environment such as social requirement of fair implementation process of public works; however, there is a deep concern that the performance of the industry is being lowered due to more emphasis on the public works getting the low price contractor. Many efforts are being made to keep its high performance in a more cost competitive environment. A comparison between the essence of public bidding reforms in Japan and principles of the Best Value Approach shows some ideas on the future of the public bidding scheme. The critical areas needing to be addressed are the importance of various levels of feedback loops in social capital management and clarification of the position of supervision for appropriate risk sharing between the public client and the vendor. Additionally, in order for local governments with insufficient engineering resources to be truly accountable, it is worthwhile studying an alternative evaluation method of proposal and performance including non-technical one.
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Kohsaka, Ryo, Yoshinori Fujihira, and Yuta Uchiyama. "Biomimetics for business? Industry perceptions and patent application." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 10, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 597–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-05-2018-0052.
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Purpose Biomimetics are expected to contribute to sustainable environmental management; however, there has been no exploration of industry perceptions by using empirical data. This study aims to identify the trends and perceptions of biomimetics. The industrial sectors in Japan and international patent application trends are analyzed. Design/methodology/approach An online survey to identify the perceptions of staff members in Japanese private companies (n = 276) was conducted. Japan is an emerging country in terms of the social implementation of biomimetics, and this paper can provide insights into other such countries. Findings It is identified that the strength of connections to biomimetics differs across industrial sectors. The respondents from companies that use nanoscale biomimetics tend to have the knowledge of, and experience in, biomimetics. Regarding the overall understanding of patent applications, Japanese private company employees require knowledge of patent application trends and country rankings as potential factors influencing the development of biomimetics. Social implications Knowledge transfer and sharing of experience among engineers and researchers of nanoscale technologies and urban scales are necessary to facilitate biomimetic advancement. Originality/value The results of the first survey and an analysis of the perceptions of staff members in private companies in Japan are provided to show the challenges in the social implementation of biomimetics. The results can be referred to for the social implementation of biomimetics in emerging countries. The method of this study can be applied to an international comparative analysis in future research.
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Donovan, Geoffrey, Hayley Hesseln, and John Garth. "Credit Availability: A Possible Barrier to Growth for the Alaska Forest Products Industry?" Western Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/20.3.177.
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Abstract Historically, the Alaska forest products industry has been driven by pulp production and the export of logs and cants primarily to Japan. Economic stagnation in Japan, the closure of Alaska's two pulp mills, harvest restrictions, and increased competition have severely impacted the industry. To survive, the industry must make significant investments in capital equipment, which requires adequate access to business credit. This article examines whether credit availability is a barrier to the future growth of the industry. Data were collected through a mail survey in spring 2002. Our results show that credit rationing is prevalent throughout the industry. Lack of experience and low collateral are identified as the two main causes. An educational program and loan guarantees are offered as policy prescriptions to help alleviate credit rationing. West. J. Appl. For. 20(3):177–183.
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Anshori, Muhammad Fikry. "Globalisasi Society 5.0 Jepang: Studi Kasus Hasil Pencarian Google di Luar Jepang Tahun 2019." Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 9, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.9.1.61-82.2020.
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This article seeks to describe the spread of Japan's Society 5.0 topic outside Japan based on Google's search results in 2019. Japan's Society 5.0 needs to be discussed because the global aspect of Japan's Society 5.0, namely the spread via the internet and Google, has not been researched widely. Even though, the Government of Japan committed as a role model for the world with Society 5.0. The method used in this article is a case study with data from Google Trends. The concept used is the globalization from Thomas Friedman. The results of this article show that the topic of Japan's Society 5.0 has attracted foreign public attention in several countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, India, and the United States. Then, the public in these countries also used Google to find out topics related to Japan's Society 5.0. For example, the topics of society, industry, the industrial revolution, and Industry 4.0. The spread of Japan's Society 5.0 topic in various countries can be stated in line with Thomas Friedman's argumentation on globalization which is centered on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) development.Artikel ini berupaya untuk mendeskripsikan penyebaran topik Society 5.0 Jepang di luar Jepang berdasarkan hasil pencarian Google pada tahun 2019. Society 5.0 Jepang perlu untuk dibahas karena aspek global dari Society 5.0 Jepang yaitu penyebaran melalui internet dan Google belum terlalu dikaji secara luas. Padahal, Pemerintah Jepang memiliki komitmen untuk menjadi percontohan bagi dunia dengan Society 5.0. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah studi kasus dengan data dari Google Trends. Konsep yang digunakan adalah globalisasi dari Thomas Friedman. Hasil artikel ini memperlihatkan topik Society 5.0 Jepang menjadi perhatian publik asing di beberapa negara seperti Indonesia, Malaysia, India, dan Amerika Serikat. Lalu, publik di negara-negara tersebut juga menggunakan Google untuk mencari tahu topik yang terkait dengan Society 5.0 Jepang. Contohnya adalah topik masyarakat, industri, revolusi industri, dan Industry 4.0. Penyebaran topik Society 5.0 Jepang di berbagai negara dapat dinyatakan sejalan dengan argumentasi globalisasi dari Thomas Friedman yang berpusat pada perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK).
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Islamiyah, Annisa Nur, Nafila Maulina Priyanto, and Ni Putu Dyana Prabhandari. "Diplomasi Budaya Jepang dan Korea Selatan di Indonesia tahun 2020: Studi Komparasi." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 13, no. 2 (November 28, 2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v13i2.21644.
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Products of the creative industry, which falls under the category of culturalproducts, represent one of soft power instruments capable of influencingpolicy-making processes. Japan and South Korea are two states that haveimplemented internationalization strategies on their creative industryproducts in order to boost economy. In addition to becoming sectors thatcontribute to the economy, by the means of the Korean Hallyu and CoolJapan, the creative industries of Japan and South Korea have becomeinstruments of cultural diplomacy aimed at influencing public opinionson both states. In Indonesia, differences in the development strategiesimplemented by both states have influenced the degree of success in theircultural diplomacy. This research aims to identify differences betweenthe strategies implemented by Japan and South Korea in conductingcultural diplomacy in Indonesia. This research has found that the culturaldiplomacy conducted by Japan has been less successful due to the lackof incorporation of cultural values in its internationalization strategy, aswell as the lack of government support for its creative industry.
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Tri Prasetyo, Timung, and Prasetyo Ari Bowo. "Pengaruh Jumlah Pelanggan PLN, Hotel, Industri terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Penerangan Jalan Kota." Economics Development Analysis Journal 5, no. 3 (March 14, 2018): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v5i3.22156.
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Pajak penerangan jalan berkontribusi besar bagi Kota Semarang. Setiap tahunnya penerimaan pajak penerangan jalan di Kota Semarang selalu melebihi target yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah pelanggan PLN, jumlah hotel, jumlah industri terhadap penerimaan pajak penerangan jalan. Objek penelitian ini adalah penerimaan pajak penerangan jalan di Kota Semarang periode 1985-2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Analisis data menggunakan analisis Regresi Linier Berganda dengan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jumlah pelanggan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak penerangan jalan, jumlah hotel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak penerangan jalan, jumlah industri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak penerangan jalan.
Street lighting contribute greatly to the tax for the city of Semarang. Each year a tax receipt street lighting in the city of Semarang have always exceeded the targets that have been set. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of the number of customers PLN, the number of hotels, the amount of the tax receipt against industry street lighting. The object of this study is the tax revenue street lighting in the city of Semarang in the period 1985-2014. This research uses a quantitative approach to design research. Data analysis using Multiple Linear regression analysis with the method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the number of influential customers significantly to tax revenues, the number of hotel street lighting effect significantly to tax revenues, the number of street lighting industry's influential tax revenues significantly to street lighting.
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Takagi, Hiroshi. "History and Future Prospect of Electro-ceramics in Japan and Asia." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, CICMT (September 1, 2012): 000002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2012-kn2_murata.
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On the background of a long history of Japanese ceramics, various electro-ceramic materials have been studied and many kinds of electronic components using them have been developed in Japan. The first invention of electro-ceramics in Japan should be a ferrite at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1930, and the mass production of ferrite started in 1937. Then, Japanese electro-ceramic industry has led the world on electro-ceramic materials and components until now, especially in the fields of BaTiO3, PZT, PTC thermistor, ZnO varistor and insulating ceramics. In recent years, new electro-ceramic materials, their processes and new devices using them have been still studied actively in Japan. Currently, R&D activities in Asia outside of Japan, and electro-ceramic industries in those areas have been grown steadily.
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Rahmah, Hilda, and Hanry Harlen Tapotubun. "NARASI INDUSTRI PARIWISATA HALAL DI NEGARA JEPANG DAN JERMAN." Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 14, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v14i2.1830.
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This paper aims to find out how non-Muslim countries such as Japan and Germany develop the halal tourism industry and highlight the narratives of halal tourism in both non-Muslim countries. This study has been done qualitatively in focus on the literature review and discourse analysis method as the main approach. Over time, the halal label has been led to be an inseparable aspect of lifestyle segment in certain society. It did not occur only in the food industry, but also been penetrated into various other industries, one of those is known as halal tourism. According to Global Muslim Tourist Index (GMTI), this phenomenon is not only the Muslim countries Phenomenon, but also increase in the non-Muslim countries. The halal tourism business is expanding and start to be the main economical income by Muslim minority countries, including Japan and Germany. The presence of these two countries in developing halal tourism is unique, because it is not a country with a Muslim majority, but it is precisely the target of foreign Muslim tourists, including Indonesians. Although Indonesia has been named the best halal destination according to GMTI, in fact the interest in halal tourism developed by Japan and Germany is far more promising. No doubt this has become a challenge for Indonesia to enter the this global market competition. Therefore, compared to following the market trend with profit oriented, Indonesia as a Muslim-majority country should deliver halal tourism towards the target of justice and welfare of the people.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memahami wacana dan kepentingan yang mengiringi perkembangan wisata halal di Jepang dan Jerman, sebagai negara non-muslim. Hal ini dikarenakan, meskipun berstatus negara non-muslim, keduanya mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan dalam hal pengembangan dan tingkat kedatangan turis muslim. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori hegemoni oleh Laclau dan Mouffe yang menekankan pada aspek logic of difference dan chain of equivalent sebagai kunci utama internalisasi wacana hegemonik, tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk melihat beragam wacana dan kepentingan mengiringi perkembangan wisata halal, baik yang tersirat maupun tersurat. Untuk mancapai tujuan tersebut, metode pengumpulan data akan dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan yang fokus pada beragam artikel, berita, serta laporan-laporan terkait perkembangan industri pariwisata halal di Jepang dan Jerman. Dari berbagai data dan analisa, tampak jelas bahwa meskipun ada beragam wacana dan kepentingan, perbedaan tersebut berada dalam wacana besar neoliberalisme. Sehingga, wisata halal di negara non-muslim dapat dipahami sebagai sebuah wacana hegemonik yang hanya menguntungkan negara dan pasar tetapi mengesampingkan masyarakat. Dengan belajar dari temuan tersebut, Indonesia sebagai negara dengan populasi muslim terbesar diharapkan mampu mengembangkan industri wisata halal yang ramah, bukan hanya kepada turis dan pemodal, melainkan juga pada masyarakat sebagai garda terdepan industri wisata halal.
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KULYK, Volodymyr. "Japan experience: system analysis and modelling inter-industry relations." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2021, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2021.01.083.
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The scheme of analysis and modelling inter-industry relations used by the Government of Japan in the planning and maintenance of economic proportions is considered. A scheme of the circulation of the Japanese economy has been prepared, coming out of the Input-Output table for 2015. On the basis of the input-output table of Japan (2015) it was prepared aggregated input-output tables of Japanese economy dimensions of 13 types of economic activity and 3 consolidated activities (primary, secondary, tertiary sectors). The Input-Output tables are prepared in a competitive-import version, which is the most common in Japan. On the basis of aggregated Input-Output Tables, the analysis of the development of sectors of Japan's economy during 1990-2015 was conducted. The classification of industries on the core ones, with direct influence as well as with inverse influence, etc. was carried out. Structural changes in GDP at final costs, production method and income categories are analyzed. A visual assessment of the volatility of the GDP structure was carried out. The factors of added value, import, impact are analyzed. The necessity of using aggregated input-output models to assess reproduction proportions, the state of the production system and its efficiency is substantiated. A promising direction of research and practical use is the use of the research schemes for studying and modelling the economy of Ukraine, for scientific and educational purposes, preparation of a competitive-import version of the input-output tables of Ukraine of different degrees of aggregation, conducting comparative researches of the development of economic systems, etc.
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Tabata, Mayumi. "The rise of Taiwan in the TFT-LCD industry." Journal of Technology Management in China 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtmc-12-2013-0040.
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Purpose – This study aims to refocus the analysis of global political economies using concepts from studies on Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) to track Taiwan’s rise in the Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) industry. Taiwanese electronics firms began to outpace their competitors from Japan in TFT-LCD industry’s competition from about the year 2000. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on depth interviews and analysis of secondary source material, newspaper and magazine. Findings – A time factor that helps determine advantage and/or disadvantage of high-tech industry in Japan and Taiwan. Stable organizational structure and less talent mobility in the Japanese TFT-LCD firms may well have been an advantage initially in the transformation process from US firms’ experimental technologies to tacit mass production technologies, but proved to be a disadvantage in the subsequent competition with more mobile talent in Taiwanese firms eager to standardize mass production techniques. Japanese firms’ rigid organizational structure could not keep pace to the market-oriented technology strategy in the global TFT-LCD industry, lost competitive advantage in a rapid pace. Social implications – VoC literature should be focused to highlight two insights. The first is the premise of institutional forms specific to national models of capitalism. Patterns of technology transfer appear critical in the innovation process, and differ markedly between Taiwan and Japan. Second, the VoC literature suggests comparative institutional advantage. Originality/value – Through the comparative analyses between Taiwanese capitalism model and Japanese counterparts, we can understand the reason and process of the rise of Taiwan in global TFT-LCD market.
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Hunt, Gordon E. "EXPORTING GRAPEFRUIT TO JAPAN: THE FLORIDA EXPERIENCE." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 588f—588. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.588f.
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Florida has been exporting grapefruit to Japan since that market opened up in the 1970's. Since that time, Japan has become the largest single export market in the world for Florida grapefruit. Taking primarily white grapefruit, Japan has been the savior of the white grapefruit industry in Florida. Florida's success in Japan is the result of a number of factors, including an aggressive generic marketing program, extensive market research, close cooperation with local importers, marked increases in product quality, Fruit Fly protocols with the Japanese government, development of cold-treatment shipping technologies, and strong US government financial and administrative support. The Florida success story is a case study of how a major market can be developed for the export of citrus products.
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Kaneko, Kenji. "The Inflow of Southeast Asian Healthcare Worker Candidates in Japan:Japanese Reactions to the Possibility of Cultural and Ethnic Diversity." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 33, no. 2 (January 5, 2016): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v33i2.4967.
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This paper examines the social and cultural meanings of the incorporation of Southeast Asian healthcare migrant workers in Japan, focusing in particular on Japanese attitudes and perspectives. I argue that several issues and concerns are related to the way the Japanese see Japan as a homogeneous society, and that these issues and concerns intertwine with Japan's historical experience of the inflow of non-Japanese migrants. The arrival of Southeast Asian healthcare workers has been met with concern in Japanese society, but because of its rapidly aging and shrinking population, Japan's healthcare industry needs to internationalize. The article is based on research data that includes information on events, debates and arguments in official and unofficial documents, newspaper articles and transcripts of interviews in the press in both Japanese and English. It aims to provide a better understanding of how Japan is tapping into the international labour market to bolster its health industry. The situation of Southeast Asian healthcare migrant workers in Japan is also examined in its historical, social and cultural contexts.
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Ranga, Marina, Tomasz Mroczkowski, and Tsunehisa Araiso. "University–industry cooperation and the transition to innovation ecosystems in Japan." Industry and Higher Education 31, no. 6 (November 29, 2017): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950422217738588.
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This article looks at the evolution of university–industry collaboration (UIC) policies in Japan since the mid-1990s to the present and analyses their role in shaping the country’s innovation ecosystem. UIC policies are examined within a multidimensional innovation policy framework that encompasses five Science and Technology Basic Plans and a vast array of support measures for venture business, intellectual property, innovation networks and business promotion, all reflecting an extensive top-down government intervention with ambitious goals. A dense network of UIC centres has been established throughout the country, mostly in universities, and these centres are tightly embedded in regional innovation structures. In spite of the sustained government policy intervention, Japan lags behind the United States and Europe in a ranking of the top 20 global ecosystems and has some of the world’s lowest entrepreneurial indicators, as defined by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The authors argue that a likely cause for the lag is Japan’s slow and still incomplete transition from a ‘traditional’ innovation system to a modern innovation ecosystem with a strong entrepreneurial spirit and culture, effective intermediaries between university and industry, high absorptive capacity in companies using academic research, cross-boundary mobility of workforce and ideas and global outreach. The experience of Osaka University and Hokkaido University, two UIC leaders in Japan and internationally, supports this hypothesis.
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Inaba, Kazuya. "The Common Integration The Group Operation of Petrochemical Complexes in Japan." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2014v5i2p94-102.
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Oil and petrochemical companies are in the severe situation where they shoulddeal with various problems. In Europe, America, the Middle East, and East Asia (China, Taiwan,and South Korea), one company usually builds a large-scale factory, and consistently producesoil and petrochemical goods in the system of one company. Differently from it, two or morecompanies are concentrated in the coast landfills in Japan, and generally manufacture in thesystem of groups. The system of production in a petrochemical complex would be a mediumscalelevel if it sees worldwide. After World War II, capital was insufficient in Japan. Manycompanies advanced to the oil and petrochemical industry which seemed to have a big future.Small and medium scale factories were constructed. As a result, petrochemical complexeshave been formed with the system of groups.After the defeat of World War II, many oil companies excluding Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. wereorganized for the supply of crude oil from European and American oil majors. They weredevoted to refining oil and selling it only in Japan. Moreover, the oil market in Japan had beendefended by restriction of the government. Such a system continued for years. Therefore,domestic oil companies had been aiming at improvement and efficiency of refining capacity.Their concentrating on technological development, cost reduction, and domestic share foughtin the same industry had become a main activity. The construction of global competitiveness hadbeen postponed for a while. However, after repealing protected laws, the import liberalizationof petroleum product had been taken since 1996, and cheap petroleum products had flown infrom foreign countries. The sales price had not become the same, and free competition undermarket mechanism had started. As a result, the movement of industry reorganization hadbeen accelerated.In such a severe situation, oil and petrochemical companies came up with the idea of businesscooperation in the same region in order to acquire global competitiveness. 20 companies inoil industry and chemical industry gathered round at first. Under the Research Associationof Technology Law, Research Association of Refinery Integration for Group-Operation (RING)was established in 2000. In order to gain global competitiveness, RING has acted groupoperationprograms in the industrial complexes in Japan. In this paper, I describe the historicalformation and development of petrochemical complexes in Japan.And I consider and analyzethe approach to and ways of the high-level integration for group operation. And I will explainthe meaning of the plans, and the economies arising from the group operation business.
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Elisyutina, O. G., E. S. Fedenko, E. V. Kustova, A. V. Gilel's, O. G. Elisyutina, E. S. Fedenko, E. V. Kustova, and A. V. Gilels. "Case report on clinical efficacy of Laennecin atopic dermatitis patient suffering from secondary infertility." Russian Journal of Allergy 8, no. 5 (October 15, 2011): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja824.
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In this article the case of AD patient with secondary infertility is presented. The therapy of this patient included the course of modern hepatoprotector and immunomodulator «Laennek» («Japan Bioproducts Industry Co has been spent., Ltd», Japan), which is a human placenta hydrolysate. The treatment has allowed not only to reach AD remission, but also has influenced a current of secondary infertility and has led to long¬expected pregnancy.
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Momaya, K. "Evaluating International Competitiveness at the Industry Level." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 23, no. 2 (April 1998): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919980206.
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In recent years, the importance of competitiveness has been increasingly recognized. In this article⁄ Momaya discusses different levels of competitiveness and reviews its significance at the industry level. To enhance the understanding of the dynamics of competitiveness, it is divided into three facets: assets, processes, and performance. A methodology to evaluate the relative competitiveness at the industry level is developed and listed in the context of the construction indus try in Canada, Japan, and the United States. While presenting the findings of the international project, Momaya confirms the important role strategic management processes play in enhancing competitiveness and stresses on the need to evaluate international competitiveness of crucial Indian industries.
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LEE, SANG MIN. "A Comparative Study of the Automobile Industry in Japan and Korea." Asian Survey 51, no. 5 (September 2011): 876–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2011.51.5.876.
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This study utilized sociological perspectives to explain the relationships between institutional arrangements (government’s role, social dimensions of indigenous business organizations, and consumption culture) and non-tariff trade barriers embedded in Japan and Korea. A comparative study of institutional arrangements and the automobile industry reveals that there have been visible and invisible trade barriers in the Japanese and Korean automobile industries.
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Siaroff, Alan, and Clement Lee. "The State and Industrial Followers: Japanese Versus French Computer Strategy, 1960s–1980s." Journal of Public Policy 17, no. 1 (January 1997): 31–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00003421.
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ABSTRACTWithin the advanced capitalist world, Japan and France have normally been the main examples of strong, interventionist states. From the 1960s onwards, government policy in each nation attempted to cultivate a domestically based computer industry in response to American dominance. This seemed to be parallel cases of strong states attempting to target an industry in order to catch up. However, by the start of the 1980s it was clear that French policy had failed, whereas Japan was relatively successful. We explain this difference by stressing that Japanese policy was ultimately more market conforming. This occurred because Japanese companies were less dependent on government financing and procurement for their business compared to French counterparts. In short, the Japanese state had less power over its domestic computer companies than did the French state. This national difference in ‘state strength’, i.e., state-business power relations, accounts for a negotiated pattern of industrial restructuring in Japan compared to the predominantly state-led pattern in France.
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Tishchenko, T. V. "INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF STATE SUPPORT FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY." Vestnik of Samara State University of Economics 1, no. 195 (January 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/1993-0453-2021-1-195-9-17.
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The governments of different countries (the USA, Germany, Japan, China, Russia, etc.), regardless of the principles of economy state regulation that have been formed in them, provide support to the automotive industry enterprises, which is due to the high importance of the industry in creating jobs and the multiplicative effect that is manifested in the growth of production in related industries. The article presents the results of the analysis of the world and Russian practice of using various measures of state support for enterprises.
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Hisashige, Akinori. "The Introduction and Evaluation of MRI in Japan." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 10, no. 3 (1994): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300006632.
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AbstractNot only is the number of computed tomography (CT) units relative to population in Japan the highest in the world, that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) units is second only to the United States. This study examines the diffusion pattern of MRI in Japan, as well as the factors that influence it. The number of MRI units has increased sharply, closely following CT, as has been the case in the United States. This pattern of diffusion in Japan was determined mainly by the following factors: the technological attributes of MRI; the market situation of the medical engineering industry; the reimbursement system of health insurance; and Japan's sociocultural background. However, the introduction of MRI in Japan was not linked to any formal assessment of its efficacy or effectiveness.
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Kajitani, Makoto. "Special Issue on Japanese-French Congress of Mechatronics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 5, no. 5 (October 20, 1993): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1993.p0415.
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The lst Japanese-French Congress of Mechatronics was held at Besancon City in France from October 20 to 23, 1992. The congress was cosponsored by the Japan Society for Precision Engineering and 1'Institut des Microtechniques de Frenche-Comte. A total of 216 persons participated in the congress, 72 from Japan and 144 from France and other European countries. The total number of announced papers was 84, 49 from Japan and 35 from Europe. In addition, three special addresses were made each from Japan and Europe. The number of robotic addresses totalled 30, the largest number by field. Among these 30 addresses, 23 were made by Japanese participants. Studies in a wide range of mechatronics were also announced which were related to sensors and measurement system and machine vision. Besancon is the capital of Doubs and is an ancient city with a history of 2000 years. Doubs is bordered by Switzerland and has been active in the precision industry, such as watches, since old times. It is mostly industrialized and has been interested in mechatronics. Unique studies have been conducted by some research and educational institutes including Ecole Nationale Superieure de Mechanique et des Microtechniques. The congress received attention as being unique and attracted many participants for the following reasons: there was very little interaction between Japan and France in the field of precision engineering or mechatronics and the French industry, a specific existence in Europe, has recently taken a great interest in Japanese technology. The editorial committee of this periodical urged authors to contribute papers suitable for the periodical among those announced at the congress and contained their contributions in it. Technological interactions between Japan and Europe will become more important. In 1994, the 2nd Japanese-French Congress of Mechatronics (International) will be held at Takamatsu City in Japan. I hope that many researchers and engineers of mechatronics worldwide will join the congress and have discussions on mechatronics to stimulate its growth.
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Rusdiana, Dede, Amarulla Octavian, Yusuf Ali, Suryono Thamrin, and Aris Sarjito. "Belajar dari Kemenangan Jepang pada Perang Tsushima: Pembangunan Kekuatan Militer Melalui Industri Strategis." Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 6, no. 1 (August 27, 2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v6i1.37678.
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The various wars that have been passed have had implications for the development of Japanese combat conditions. One of the wars that sparked the rise of Japanese combat technology was the Tsushima War of 1905, marked by the use of new weaponry such as torpedoes and telegraphs. Japan's victory in the Tsushima War has proven that Japan has advanced weapons technology and has proven to be able to compete with Russia. This study provides a very important lesson and can be a reflection for Indonesia in the development of a naval military force. By using historical methods and defense economic theory approaches, this study discusses efforts to increase the strength of the main weapon system of the Japanese special navy. The results of the study show that the efforts made by Japan put a lot of emphasis on the strategy of developing the defense industry. The rise of the defense industry has become an integral part of military power building. In that context, Japan does not only involve the military, but also develops human resource capacity and increases research in the field of technology. The existence of good cooperation between the government, industry players, and academia is also the main pillar in the effort to build a naval military force.
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Shinoda, Takeshi. "Topics on Recent Friction Stir Welding Developments in Japan." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.425.
Full textAbstract:
Friction Stir Welding is the most remarkable welding technology that has been invented and developed in last decade. It made it possible to join a number of light metals that were previously believed difficulties to get reliable welds without defects including distortion. This summarizing report tried to clarify the recent trend of this novel technology in Japan. It reveals that Japan industry may have the most active potentials of developments in the world, particularly in the field of practical applications.