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Journal articles on the topic 'Beech (Fagus sylvatica)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Lang, Christa, Alexandra Dolynska, Reiner Finkeldey, and Andrea Polle. "Are beech (Fagus sylvatica) roots territorial?" Forest Ecology and Management 260, no. 7 (August 2010): 1212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.014.

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2

Müller, Markus, Precious Annie Lopez, Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou, Ioannis Tsiripidis, and Oliver Gailing. "Indications of Genetic Admixture in the Transition Zone between Fagus sylvatica L. and Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientalis Greut. & Burd." Diversity 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11060090.

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Two subspecies of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) can be found in southeast Europe: Fagus sylvatica ssp. sylvatica L. and Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greut. & Burd. (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). In a previous study, based on genetic diversity patterns and morphological characters, indications of hybridization between both subspecies were found in northeastern Greece, a known contact zone of F. sylvatica and F. orientalis. Nevertheless, potential genetic admixture has not been investigated systematically before. Here, we investigated genetic diversity and genetic structure of 14 beech populations originating from Greece and Turkey as well as of two reference F. sylvatica populations from Germany based on nine expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers. Very low genetic differentiation was detected among F. sylvatica populations (mean GST: 0.005) as well as among F. orientalis populations (mean GST: 0.008), but substantial differentiation was detected between populations of the two subspecies (mean GST: 0.122). Indications for hybridization between both subspecies were revealed for one population in Greece. One of the genetic markers showed specific allele frequencies for F. sylvatica and F. orientalis and may be used as a diagnostic marker in future studies to discriminate both subspecies.

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3

Bijarpasi, Mahboobeh Mohebi, Markus Müller, and Oliver Gailing. "Genetic diversity and structure of Oriental and European beech populations from Iran and Europe." Silvae Genetica 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2020-0008.

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AbstractGenetic variation is a major component of plant development and adaptation, and recent studies have shown that genetic variation among plant species can have important ecological effects. Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is a dominant tree species in the Hyrcanian forests, where it occupies approximately 18 % of the forested area. In this study, nine expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were used to determine the genetic diversity and structure of Iranian Oriental beech populations growing at different altitudes. We further compared the genetic structures of the Iranian populations to a F. orientalis and a Fagus sylvatica L. population from the hybrid zone of the two taxa in southeast Europe, and to a F. sylvatica population from central Europe. All populations showed a high genetic diversity, which was similar to other F. orientalis and F. sylvatica populations from Europe. The genetic differentiation among Iranian beech populations was very low. In contrast, distinct genetic differentiation was found between the Iranian populations and the analyzed European populations (F. orientalis and F. sylvatica). One EST-SSR was identified to differentiate (GST: 0.503) between F. orientalis and F. sylvatica with very pronounced allele frequency differences between taxa. Specifically, the Fagus sylvatica characteristic allele 189 was almost absent from all Iranian populations and present in low frequencies in F. orientalis populations from other regions. This study helps to extend the knowledge of genetic diversity and genetic structure of Iranian Oriental beech populations. It further gives insights into the genetic differentiation between F. orientalis populations from the center and the edge of the species’ distribution range as well as between Oriental and European beech.

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4

Gryc, V., H. Vavrčík, and Š. Gomola. "Selected properties of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 9 (September 24, 2008): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/59/2008-jfs.

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The paper deals with the variability of tree-ring width, with the density and swelling (volumetric swelling and swelling in individual anatomical directions) of wood from two different locations. Further, the variability of the explored properties along the stem radius is researched. The ring analyses show that the ring width decreases along the stem radius from the pith to the stem outer perimeter. Location 2 (a lower altitudinal vegetation zone) had on average wider rings (a statistically insignificant difference), higher density and higher volumetric swelling of wood in comparison with location 1 (a statistically significant difference). The relation between volumetric swelling and wood density has been confirmed. The results show that the wood density and its volumetric swelling change along the stem radius. With the increasing wood density the volumetric swelling also increases. The average density of beech wood from both locations is 752 kg/m<sup>3</sup> with moisture content of 12%.

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5

Wang, K. S. "Gene Flow in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Genetica 122, no. 2 (October 2004): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:gene.0000040999.07339.d4.

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6

Martin, F., and M. Ben Driss Amraoui. "Partitioning of assimilated nitrogen in beech (Fagus sylvatica)." Annales des Sciences Forestières 46, Supplement (1989): 660s—662s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:198905art0145.

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7

Thiébaut, B., J. Cuguen, and S. Dupré. "Architecture des jeunes hêtres Fagus sylvatica." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 2100–2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-296.

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The different growth patterns of the beech tree are described from a morphological and architectural point of view in the first part of this paper. In about 10 years, individuals can achieve various forms, according to the growth pattern. About thirty architectural variations are examined in the second part of this study; they reveal a surprising diversity within the species. In seedlings, the interindividual variations confer upon small beeches distinct "social status." In a regeneration, the silviculturist distinguishes individuals as well and poorly grown. This distinction into categories can henceforth rely on an architectural basis. Light and genetics have an important influence on the architecture of young beeches.

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8

Barbacci, Adelin, Thiéry Constant, Etienne Farré, Maryline Harroué, and Gérard Nepveu. "Shiny Beech Wood is Confirmed as an Indicator of Tension Wood." IAWA Journal 29, no. 1 (2008): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000168.

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This study sought to develop a method to quantify tension wood areas in stem discs. It was suggested that the shiny appearance of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) could provide an indication of tension wood. Each of 21 stem discs were digitised and the images analysed. Small areas of the discs were selected, and from these areas, anatomical sections were stained with astra-blue and safranine and the stained sections were compared with the wood disc images. The analysis showed that the shape of shiny areas and tension wood were similar; moreover, the measured ratios of shiny wood and tension wood were in good agreement. This confirms the assumption that in Fagus sylvatica shiny wood corresponds to tension wood.

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9

Koch, Jennifer L., D. W. Carey, and M. E. Mason. "Use of Microsatellite Markers in an American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) Population and Paternity Testing." Silvae Genetica 59, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2010): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2010-0008.

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Abstract Cross-species amplification of six microsatellite markers from European beech (Fagus sylvatica Linn) and nine markers from Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) was tested in American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Three microsatellites from each species were successfully adapted for use in American beech and were found to be highly polymorphic, with 4-22 alleles at each locus and an expected heterozygosity value of 0.291 to 0.913. Twenty-five trees (including two clonal clusters) from a mature stand were sampled and genotyped to compute population statistics. No linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was detected, and the marker loci indicated that the population is at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. The markers were also used to genotype two full-sibling families consisting of a combined total of 99 individuals and were found to contain sufficient genetic information to assign paternity using a maximum likelihood method.

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10

Müller-Starck, G., and R. Starke. "Inheritance of Isoenzymes in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Journal of Heredity 84, no. 4 (July 1993): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111341.

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11

Masuch, G., and A. Kettrup. "Ozone‐induced xeromorphism of beech leaves(Fagus sylvatica L.)." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 20-21, no. 1 (April 1989): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248909357375.

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12

MARTIN, F., G. R. STEWART, I. GENETET, and F. TACON. "ASSIMILATION OF 15NH4+BY BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.) ECTOMYCORRHIZAS." New Phytologist 102, no. 1 (January 1986): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00800.x.

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13

Klopcic, Matija, Ales Poljanec, and Andrej Boncina. "Modelling natural recruitment of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Forest Ecology and Management 284 (November 2012): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.049.

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14

Christensen, Morten, Katrine Hahn, Edward P. Mountford, Péter Ódor, Tibor Standovár, Dusan Rozenbergar, Jurij Diaci, et al. "Dead wood in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest reserves." Forest Ecology and Management 210, no. 1-3 (May 2005): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.032.

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15

Wittig, R�diger. "Acidification phenomena in beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests of Europe." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 31, no. 1-2 (1986): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00630847.

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16

Vujanovic, Vladimir, Seon Hwa Kim, Jelena Latinovic, and Nedeljko Latinovic. "Natural Fungicolous Regulators of Biscogniauxia destructiva sp. nov. That Causes Beech Bark Tarcrust in Southern European (Fagus sylvatica) Forests." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121999.

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Mycoparasites are a collection of fungicolous eukaryotic organisms that occur on and are antagonistic to a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi. To date, this fungal group has largely been neglected by biodiversity studies. However, this fungal group is of interest, as it may contain potential biocontrol agents of pathogenic fungi that cause beech Tarcrust disease (BTC), which has contributed to the devastation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests. Biscogniauxia nummularia has been demonstrated to cause BTC. However, a trophic association between mycoparasites and pathogenic Biscogniauxia spp., has not been established. This study aimed to taxonomically identify and characterize Biscogniauxia, a fungus causing destructive BTC disease in European beech at Lovćen national park, Montenegro and to uncover the diversity of mycopathogens that are natural regulators of xylariaceous Biscogniauxia stroma formation, associated with beech decline. This finding is supported by distinctive phylogenetic and evolutionary characteristics, as well as unique morphological-microscopic fungal features indicating that Biscogniauxia from Montenegro, which is a major cause of BTC occurring in ancient beech forests at the edge of southern Fagus sylvatica distribution, may be described as a novel fungus specific to Fagus. Its evolutionary nuSSU–complete ITS–partial nuLSU rDNA phylogeny indicates its likely emergence by asexual fusion or introgressive hybridization between diverged B. nummularia and B. anceps species. The name Biscogniauxia destructiva is proposed for the novel fungus, as it is aggressive and highly destructive BTC disease.

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17

Sautkin, Fedor V., Aleh V. Sinchuk, and Svetlana V. Baryshnikova. "First record of Phyllonorycter maestingella (Müller, 1764) in Belarus." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Biology, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-1722-2020-3-81-87.

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Inspection of green stands in order to identify representatives of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae), which damage woody plants in Belarus, revealed a new species for the fauna – beech midget (Phyllonorycter maestingella (Müller, 1764)). In 2014 we discovered this new invasive insect pest of the beeches (Fagus spp.) in Belarus for the first time. During 2014–2018 leaf mines of Ph. maestingella were recorded in 2 localities, Minsk and Brest, on 3 hostplant species, Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus, 1753, Fagus grandifolia Ehrhart, 1788, and Fagus orientalis Lipsky (1898). It is important to note that American beech (F. grandifolia) is recorded as a new host plant for Ph. maestingella. A list of points of registrations is given. This species of Lithocolletinae is alien to the fauna, since all representatives of the genus Fagus L. are introduced into Belarus.

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18

Hladká, D., and I. Čaňová. "Morphological and physiological parameters of beech leaves (Fagus sylvatica L.) in research demonstration object Poľana." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 4 (January 10, 2012): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4556-jfs.

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Observations of the beech assimilatory apparatus in different levels of a model tree were realised from 1993 to 1999 in a research demonstration plot situated in Poľana. Different observations of the natural ecosystem condition were carried out. A model beech tree was chosen and marked as No. 228 for the above-mentioned analyses. The different ecophysiological and morphological characteristics of beech leaves were analysed in three (or two) tree crown levels. The results confirmed significant differences in these characteristics in dependence on three crown levels of mature beech tree. The differences in the mentioned characteristics were also shown in the course of particular years of research. In this paper we have presented the results of analysed beech leaves, their average maximum length, width, their average area, thickness, chlorophyll fluorescence during the research period.

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19

Gryc, Vladimír, Hanuš Vavrčík, and Štěpán Gomola. "The variability of selected properties of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 4 (2007): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755040029.

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Variability of ring width, wood density and swelling in beech from two different areas was analysed. The variability of each property was described along the stem radius. The analysis proved that the ring width decreased in direction from the pith to the outer part of the stem (cambium). Statistically significant difference of mean ring width between locality 1 and 2 was not found. Density and volumetric swelling of wood were statistically significantly different between localities. Results showed that the density and volumetric swelling decreased from pith to cambium. Statistically significant dependency between density and volumetric swelling of wood was proved. The average wood density of beech was 752 kg·m–3 at 12% moisture content.

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20

Kvesić, S., D. Ballian, and T. V. Parpan. "Allozyme variation among european beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Ecology and Noospherology 27, no. 3-4 (September 14, 2016): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031609.

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From the economical and ecological point of view, beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important forest tree species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To understand the significance of beech forests, something about the structure of forests and forest lands needs to be said. Bosnia and Herzegovina has 3.231.500 hectares of forests and forest land, which is about 60% of its surface. In the forest and forest lands structure, we can see that it has high forest occupying 51.1% of the forest area, coppice occupying 38.70%, shrubs occupying 4%, bare land and clearings occupying 5.80% and other unproductive areas occupying 0.40%. Beech can be found in mixed stands of beech and fir, as well as stands of beech, fir and spruce that occupy 46% of all high forests. Thus, the total area of forests where the beech is found is approximately 1.652.400 hectares. The aim of the study was to carry out the analysis of genetic structures of natural beech populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina by using isoenzyme markers. Conducting a biochemical genetic structure analysis of 14 beech populations, using 10 enzyme systems with 16 isoenzyme gene loci, we found significant differences. Variability in some gene loci is large, while some populations for some gene loci showed monomorphism. The results indicate that in order to maintain natural genetic resources of common beech in Bosnia and Herzegovina, there should be a dense network of gene reserves established. This network from one of the Balkan countries should then become a constituent part of all-European network. These gene banks need in situ and ex situ methods (seed banks, seed stands, and seed orchards) to maintain the genetic diversity of populations. Based on the research results, every ecological niche of common beech i.e. their genetic variation should be conserved regarding the appropriate number of populations and individuals to preserve the ecological and physiological features of this valuable commercial species.

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21

Prasad, R. B. N., and Paul-Gerhard Gülz. "Composition of Lipids of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Seed Oil." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 44, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1989): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1989-9-1005.

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The lipid composition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) seeds is reported in the present study. Triacylglycerols (94.8% ) were found to be the major component in the oil followed by sterols (0.9% ) diacylglycerols (0.8% ), phospholipids (0.7% ), free fatty acids (0.5% ) and monoacylglycerols (0.3% ) in minor quantities. The composition of molecular species of triacylglycerols was analyzed by GC on the basis of chain length and C-57 was found to be the major species followed by C-55, C-59, C-53 and C-61. The sterol fraction constituted β-sitosterol and stigmasterol with 89.3 and 10.7% respectively. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the two phospholipids with 55 and 45% present in the phospholipid fraction of the beech seed oil. Oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids were found to be the major fatty acids in all the acyl lipid classes with small variations in quantities.

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22

Knoke, Thomas. "Predicting red heartwood formation in beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Ecological Modelling 169, no. 2-3 (November 2003): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(03)00276-x.

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23

Leuschner, Christoph. "Drought response of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)—A review." Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 47 (December 2020): 125576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2020.125576.

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24

Merzeau, D., B. Comps, B. Thiébaut, J. Cuguen, and J. Letouzey. "Genetic structure of natural stands of Fagus sylvatica L. (beech)." Heredity 72, no. 3 (March 1994): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1994.37.

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25

Sprtova, M., V. Spunda, J. Kalina, and M. V. Marek. "Photosynthetic UV-B Response of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Saplings." Photosynthetica 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:phot.0000027517.80915.1b.

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26

Holten‐Andersen, Per. "Economic evaluation of cyclic regimes in beech (fagus sylvatica L.)." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2, no. 1-4 (January 1987): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827588709382459.

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27

Herschbach, Cornelia, and Heinz Rennenberg. "Storage and remobilisation of sulphur in beech trees (Fagus sylvatica)." Physiologia Plantarum 98, no. 1 (September 1996): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.980115.x.

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28

Tanase, Corneliu, Sanda Cosarca, Felicia Toma, Anca Mare, Adrian Man, Amalia Miklos, Silvia Imre, and Irina Boz. "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF BEECH BARK (Fagus sylvatica L.) POLYPHENOLIC EXTRACT." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 17, no. 4 (2018): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2018.088.

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29

Pihlatie, Mari, Per Ambus, Janne Rinne, Kim Pilegaard, and Timo Vesala. "Plant-mediated nitrous oxide emissions from beech (Fagus sylvatica) leaves." New Phytologist 168, no. 1 (August 16, 2005): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01542.x.

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30

Herschbach, Cornelia, and Heinz Rennenberg. "Storage and remobilisation of sulphur in beech trees (Fagus sylvatica)." Physiologia Plantarum 98, no. 1 (September 1996): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00683.x.

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31

Železnik, Peter, Marjana Westergren, Gregor Božič, Klemen Eler, Marko Bajc, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Aniko Horvath, and Hojka Kraigher. "Root growth dynamics of three beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances." Forest Ecology and Management 431 (January 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.06.024.

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32

Sorz, Johannes, and Peter Hietz. "Is oxygen involved in beech (Fagus sylvatica) red heartwood formation?" Trees 22, no. 2 (December 6, 2007): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-007-0187-2.

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33

Sałata, Bogusław. "Recherches sur les champignons supérieurs dans les hêtraies et les sapinières du Roztocze Central." Acta Mycologica 8, no. 1 (November 21, 2014): 69–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1972.009.

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The paper presents the results of three-year investigations on the flora of higher fungi in beech- and first-forests of the Central Roztocze (south-eastern Poland). In this area there runs the north-eastern border of dense occurrence of <i>Abies alba</i> and <i>Fagus sylvatica</i>. The investigations were carried out on o17 fixed observational surfaces, each of 400m2 (the square of a side 20x20m). Inthe paper there were described the fungi inhabiting the wood of <i>Abies alba</i> and <i>Fagus sylvatica</i>, as well as trrestial fungi against the background of plant communities.

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34

Sánchez-Medina, Alvaro, Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez, Maria Angeles Grande-Ortiz, Concepción González-García, and Antonio García-Abril. "Iterative Method of Discriminant Analysis to Classify Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Forest." Forests 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081128.

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We present a new method for the classification of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest plots based on discriminant and frequency analysis. This method can be used as a tool to allow experts to stratify beech forests in a simple and precise way. The method is based on discriminant analysis with cross-validation of 13 variables measured in 142 plots from the 2005 Second National Forest Inventory and 63 plots from an inventory installed in specific locations together with a frequency analysis of the qualifying variables. In the first stage, the method uses the results of a frequency analysis fitted with an iterative discriminant analysis that allows improving the subsequent classifications taking into account the results of the analysis and the correctly- and wrong-classified plots. This method is applied to beech forest in Burgos (Spain) where six structural groups were described. The discriminant functions show that forest structure depends basically on diameter distribution and almost 94% of the plots are correctly classified using this methodology. The high level of correctly assigned plots indicates an accurate classification of structure that can be used to stratify beech forests with only the diameter at breast height measurement.

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35

Maringer, Janet, Marco Conedera, Davide Ascoli, Dirk R. Schmatz, and Thomas Wohlgemuth. "Resilience of European beech forests (Fagus sylvatica L.) after fire in a global change context." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 6 (2016): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf15127.

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The European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Nonetheless, post-fire ecological processes in beech forests have only been marginally studied although they might become more important for forest management in the light of global climate change drought effects. Focusing on the Southern European Alps, where numerous forest fires have affected beech stands, we assessed temporal trends and detected factors that influence beech regeneration in beech forests burnt between 1970 and 2012. Beech regeneration was found to occur abundantly in fire sites of mixed burn severity, and often co-occurred with light-demanding pioneer trees (mostly Betula pendula Roth). These pioneers declined in abundance from 20 years post-fire onwards, whereas beech dominance increased. Beech regeneration density was best explained in regression models by the canopy of remnant trees and the abundance of competing ground vegetation. As fire-injured beech trees slowly die back, the canopy gradually opens, favouring beech recruitment for as long as decades, depending on the light conditions. In contrast, dense layers of early post-fire colonisers may delay beech regeneration for many years. Generally, single fire events favour beech regeneration except in areas where the burn severity is extraordinarily high.

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36

GÖNCZ, Balázs, and Ferenc DIVÓS. "Detecting red heart in beech (Fagus sylvatica) through electric resistance and voltage measurements." Wood Science = Faipar 63, no. 2 (October 30, 2015): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14602/woodsci.2015.2.40.

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<p class="p1">A bükkfa egyik legjelentősebb esztétikai hibája az álgeszt, melynek elektromos tulajdonságai is eltérnek az egészséges faanyagétól. Ez lehetőséget kínál az álgeszt elektromos ellenállás mérésen alapuló vizsgálatára. Az álgeszt kimutatására irányuló vizsgálataink során először egy 24 csatornás impedancia tomográffal vizsgáltunk bükk törzseket. A jelentősen alacsonyabb ellenállású álgesztes farész jól kirajzolódott a tomográffal előállított ellenállás-térképeken, és jó egyezést mutatott a vágásképen látható álgeszt méretével és alakjával. 8 érzékelővel végzett laboratóriumi előkísérletek segítségével megállapítottuk a legelőnyösebb elektróda-elrendezést, aminek a segítségével a terepen gyorsan és egyszerűen lehet vizsgálni az álgeszt jelenlétét. A tapasztalatok alapján a terepi vizsgálatokhoz kifejlesztett műszer egyértelműen alkalmasnak bizonyult az álgeszt jelenlétének a kimutatására, azonban annak kiterjedését nem lehetett vele megbízhatóan megállapítani. A vizsgált átmérő tartományban a feszültség csak igen kis mértékben függ az átmérőtől, a vizsgálat az átmérőtől függetlenül megbízható, nincs szükség átmérő szerinti korrekcióra.</p>

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Thiébaut, B., O. Garniaux, B. Comps, and C. Muller. "Descendances maternelles de hêtre tortillard (Fagus sylvatica L. var. tortuosa Pépin); développement au cours des quatre premières années: I. fertilité, vigueur et apparition du phénotype tortillard." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-126.

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In Verzy forest (near Reims, France), seeds were sampled from some tortillard beeches (Fagus sylvatica L. var. tortuosa Pépin) after free pollination. After a dormancy breaking treatment performed in laboratory, seeds were sown in nursery and seedlings were cultivated for 4 years. The purpose of this study is to examine the fertility of tortillard beech and the occurrence of its phenotype during the first years of development. According to our experimental conditions, full and empty seed ratios, germination rate, and seedling annual survival rate were not significantly different from those reported for the European beech in literature. Among 486 tortillard maternal descendants, after 4 years, 25% of the individuals showed a special shape, characterized by reiterations, and could be considered as "tortillards". This phenotype appeared progressively during the second year of seedling development. The number of tortillards increased from one year to the next and their typical shape became more pronounced until they were 4 years old. These results show that the tortillard variety is no less fertile and vigorous than the European beech. Key words: Fagus sylvatica var. tortuosa, morphology, growth, fertility, strength.

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Höwler, Kirsten, Peter Annighöfer, Christian Ammer, and Dominik Seidel. "Competition improves quality-related external stem characteristics of Fagus sylvatica." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 12 (December 2017): 1603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0262.

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Accurate information on the timber quality of hardwoods is often lacking, in particular for standing trees. In situ measurements of timber quality have the potential to improve the economic yield of a stand and may contribute to the optimal timing of a harvest and, in general, to improving forest management. Here, we used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to assess external timber quality metrics nondestructively. We investigated how competition intensity affected the metrics of 118 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees. We found that two newly developed TLS-based measures of external stem characteristics (number of bark anomalies per metre and stem non-circularity) were affected by competition intensity, suggesting that regulating competition levels may improve timber quality. Our study confirms empirical findings indicating a positive relationship between competition intensity and timber quality of European beech and offers a new methodology to assess external timber quality measures in the field objectively and nondestructively.

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Helena, Cvrčková, Máchová Pavlína, Poláková Lucie, and Trčková Olga. "Evaluation of the genetic diversity of selected Fagus sylvatica L. populations in the Czech Republic using nuclear microsatellites." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 2 (February 28, 2017): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/88/2016-jfs.

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Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus (European beech), the ecologically and economically most important broadleaved tree species in the Czech Republic, was strongly reduced in the past. Today there are efforts to increase the proportion of beech to ensure optimal forest tree species composition. When extensively reintroducing beech, it is important to acquire more detailed knowledge of genetic diversity. Thirteen important beech populations in different stands in the territory of the Czech Republic were genotyped using 12 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. The genotypic data from adult trees imply genetic differences between the populations. The estimated genetic diversity expressed as Shannon’s information index ranged from 1.73 to 1.92. Thirteen beech populations showed excess homozygotes, as indicated by positive fixation index (F) values (F = 0.005–0.115). The pairwise F<sub>ST</sub> values indicated low genetic differentiation between the 13 Czech beech populations, because they were greater than zero, that means they confirmed the presence of population structuring in Czech European beech. Not significant linear correlations were observed between genetic and geographic distances of the 13 beech populations studied on the basis of microsatellite markers. Twelve microsatellite markers were verified as highly polymorphic and suitable for genotyping of European beech populations.

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Thiébaut, B., B. Comps, and E. Teissier du Cros. "Développement des axes des arbres : pousse annuelle, syllepsie et prolepsie chez le Hêtre (Fagus sylvatica)." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-027.

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Polycyclic growth is more complex in the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) than in other tree species. Growth patterns common to all beeches studied have revealed the existence of annual and intra-annual growth rhythms and a development program peculiar to this species. Syllepsis and prolepsis are discussed in relation to beech. These observations raise new questions: (i) how can we explain a meristematic revertible conversion and (ii) what are the advantages of such a complex mode of development?

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Stojnic, Srdjan, Sasa Orlovic, Danijela Miljkovic, and Wuehlisch von. "Intra- and interprovenance variations in leaf morphometric traits in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Archives of Biological Sciences 68, no. 4 (2016): 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs151008064s.

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European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important tree species in Europe. Due to substantial genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity, beech has successfully adapted to different environments within its natural range. Provenance tests provide a good basis for studying within- and between-provenance genetic variation, due to homogeneous within-trial environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine the within- and between-provenance genetic variability of certain leaf morphological traits among eleven beech provenances, grown in a common garden experiment. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences among the studied beech provenances. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed a complex assessment of the relationships among the provenances and an estimation of multivariate relations among the analyzed characters. The results of the study revealed the existence of substantial variability among provenances (p<0.001). Likewise, high genetic variability was observed at the intra-provenance level (p<0.001). The first three principal components (PC1-PC3) explained approximately 81% of the total variance among the European beech provenances tested. The highest contribution on PC1 corresponded to variables related to leaf size: leaf area (-0.882) and leaf width (-0.876). Based on the position of provenances on a PCA scatter plot, it could be assumed that European beech is characterized by a more ecotypic pattern of genetic variation rather than by clinal variation. Also, the presence of considerable genetic diversity within provenances will be important in the light of climate change impact on beech, since it could potentially facilitate rapid adaptation.

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Thiébaut, B., and B. Comps. "Répartition de la matière sèche entre les organes végétatifs et reproducteurs dans les pousses annuelles du hêtre européen (Fagus sylvatica)." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-279.

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Resource allocations in plants can be estimated to study biomass distribution in the various organs during a vegetative cycle. Six isolated Europeen beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) of the same age were chosen within a station characterized by homogeneous ecological conditions: 229 annual shoots located on equivalent first order axes in the ramification were analysed to describe the distribution of dry material in leaves and stipules (for maintenance), in the axis (for present growth), in buds (for future growth), in infructescences (for female reproduction), and in male inflorescences (for male reproduction). The discrimination between acquisitions and allocations, which correspond to two different but complementary realities, is discussed. Development strategies are different between long and short vegetative shoots; the first one favours growth to explore the environment while the latter favours the maintenance to exploit it. When these two kinds of shoots flower and have additional resources, these new acquisitions are profitable both to vegetative and reproductive functions in short shoots, whereas a competition occurs between these functions in long shoots. Key words: resource allocations, dry material, annual shoots, European beech, Fagus sylvatica.

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Müller, Markus, S. Seifert, and R. Finkeldey. "Identification of SNPs in candidate genes potentially involved in bud burst in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Silvae Genetica 64, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2015-0001.

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Abstract European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important deciduous tree species in Central Europe. Higher annual mean temperatures caused by climate change lead to earlier bud burst in spring and/or a delay of leaf senescence in autumn. Since earlier bud burst might increase the late frost risk, adaptive traits like bud burst may gain more importance in the future. Nevertheless, knowledge of the genetic background of leaf unfolding is still scarce for European beech. In the present study, we analyzed parts of ten different candidate genes for bud burst with a total length of 12,290 bp. Comparative sequencing with plant material of 12 different beech populations distributed over Germany revealed 116 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 20 indels. A subset of 46 SNPs was successfully used for genotyping of 100 offspring of a beech population in Germany confirming the suitability of the newly developed SNP set for population genetic studies. The provided data may be useful for further investigations of adaptation in F. sylvatica.

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CÂMPU, Vasile R., and Radu DUMITRACHE. "Frost Crack Impact on European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Wood Quality." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 1 (May 21, 2015): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4319655.

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Frost crack represents one of the main defects which affect European beech wood quality. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to improve the knowledge regarding both the impact of frost crack on European beech wood quality and the frost crack characteristics which affect wood quality. In order to do this, nineteen European beech trunks with frost crack have been studied. Each trunk has been cross-cut every 1 meter and the characteristics of frost crack and frost crack star-shaped heart have been measured in each cross-cut section. The defects which accompany frost crack have also been identified in each crosscut section. Moreover, the possibility of determining these defects using the IML RESIF500 – S Resistograph has been tested. The research has emphasized the existence of statistical correlations between frost crack star-shaped heart expansion, frost crack rib prominence and frost crack length. These correlations are expressed by multiple linear regressions. The presence of defects which affect wood structure leading to a decrease in penetration resistance can be determined accurately with the resistograph. Decay (in frost cracks older than 8 years) and ring shake have been identified as the most frequent defects which accompany frost crack. The measurements made on the frost cracks studied have been gathered in a graph which shows frost crack impact on European beech wood quality. The results obtained lead to the improvement of the criteria of European beech wood quality assessment by expanding the already existent knowledge and by identifying new aspects which may complete standing wood quality determination and sorting methods.

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Nocentini, S. "Structure and management of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in Italy." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 2, no. 3 (June 10, 2009): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor0499-002.

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Roulier, Marine, Maïté Bueno, Yves Thiry, Frédéric Coppin, Paul-Olivier Redon, Isabelle Le Hécho, and Florence Pannier. "Iodine distribution and cycling in a beech (Fagus sylvatica) temperate forest." Science of The Total Environment 645 (December 2018): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.039.

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Mamiński, Mariusz Ł., Magdalena Król, Armando G. McDonald, David N. McIlroy, Ishwar B. Niraula, Joanna Czechowska, and Paweł Parzuchowski. "Thermally initiated solvent-free radical modification of beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood." Wood Science and Technology 47, no. 5 (May 18, 2013): 1019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-013-0555-6.

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Larsen, Allan Breum. "Genetic structure of populations of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Denmark." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 11, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589609382931.

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Rabotti, G., and A. Ballarin-Denti. "Biochemical responses to abiotic stress in Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) leaves." Chemosphere 36, no. 4-5 (February 1998): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(97)10140-0.

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Wolff, B., and N. Wellbrock. "Atmospheric deposition and N status of German beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest." International Journal of Environmental Studies 65, no. 3 (June 2008): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230701862207.

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