Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Beech (Fagus sylvatica)'
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Winwood, Joanna Louise. "Cytokinins and oxidative stress in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612053.
Full textCeschia, Eric. "Environmental effects on spatial and seasonal variations of stem respiration in European beech and Norway spruce /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6303-3.pdf.
Full textChapela, Mendoza I. H. "Structure and development of fungal communities in attached beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) branches." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378393.
Full textBienz, Penelope. "Genetic variation of growth, form and wood properties of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285466.
Full textHacket, Pain Andrew John. "Investigations into the response of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to climatic variability using dendrochronology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648706.
Full textLukošius, Tomas. "Paprastojo buko (Fagus sylvatica L.) paplitimas, medynų sudėtis ir struktūra Norkaičių girininkijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130621_144240-76293.
Full textFinal work searching simplex beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) spreading, trees composition and structure in Norkaiciai district. The object of the study – simplex beech trees in Norkaičiai district. Method of the study: trees with beech Norkaičiai district was choose in two blocks - 66 (3;4 plots) and 67 (1;2 plots) because there was a lot of simplex beech. Choose these: pure beech (1 plot Bu1-1); pine trees with beech (4 plots Bu3-1, Bu3-2, Bu4-1 Bu4-2); oak with beech (two plots Bu2-1-; Bu2-2). Was arrange circle analysis plots, there was establish trees structure, diferences layer characteristic, glade and forest kind speading and adbundance of plants. Results of the study. Maxima simplex beech stat in area esset in 1991 - 38,4 ha hospitiis et spontanea lignum plantationis herba. Beech stet aperta mediocris aetatis - 75, diametrum - 25,1 cm 25,8 cm altum, basalibus area - 25,1 m2/ ha, Volume - 295 m3/ha. Pure beech (10800 vnt/ha) and maple (200 vnt/ha) trees. Pinus with second beech layer 70 years, diametrum – 28,2 cm, fagus quatit mediocris altitudo - 28,1 m, coronam basalibus area - 23,2 m2/ha, Volume -291 m3/ha. In these area was most maple trees (46000 vnt/ha), beech (200 vnt.ha). Oak with second beech layer 70 years old, altitudo diametrum - 16,7 cm, in mediocris altitudo fagus - 23,9 m corona basalibus area - 17,1 m2/ha, Volume 194 m3/ha.
Hendry, Steven John. "Strip-cankering in relation to the ecology of Xylariaceae and Diatrypaceae in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432954.
Full textWeidig, Johannes. "Qualitätsentwicklung von Buchenvoranbauten (Fagus sylvatica L.) nach unplanmäßigem, sturmbedingtem Verlust des Fichtenschirms." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-206721.
Full textBackround and Objectives In the course of forest conversion European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is introduced in spruce monocultures by advanced planting. Management of beech stands aims mostly on production the of high quality timber. In this context, the shelterwood of spruce officiates as an instrument for controlling resource availability and thus to qualify advanced planted beech. But because of low-thinning treatment in past, most spruce stands do not provide suitable conditions for long-term shelterwood with regard to their missing stability. The situation of forest damage due to periodic windthrow events illustrate this impressively and show need for action. Therefore, the present study analyzed the consequences of an unplanned, storm-related loss of canopy for growth and quality of advanced planted beech. In this context, the influence of stand density and developmental stage of advanced regeneration will be examined as well. Material and Methods In two model regions "Thuringian Forest” (middle of Germany) and "Saxon Oremountains” (East of Germany) quality investigations (cf. BÖRNER ET AL. 2003) were carried out on a total of 29 advanced planted beech stands. In 17 of these stands the spruce canopy was mostly completely thrown by hurricane KYRILL in January of 2007. Thus, the beech trees have grown without shelter since then. The other advanced regeneration stands are still under spruce canopy and serve as a reference for growth and quality. A developmental stage (before or after thicket-stage) was designated to each advanced planting site in reference to the time of overhead canopy release. For representative and objective definition of experimental plots a grid-based plotdesign was used. The square grid with distance of 20 m was calibrated by GPS in the field. The grid inter-sections built the centers of 19.95 m² circular sample areas (plot radius 2.52 m). Data was collected on a total of 204 representative plots. On each plot, the number of beech plants was collected and extrapolated to hectare values. In addition, the canopy closure was also estimated for reference plots within the sample plots. For data collection only plots with moderate canopy closure were included (maximum area of canopy gaps: one crown projection). Data collection was carried out at maximum of six highest trees per plot. Thus it is concentrated on (pre-) dominant and therefore most vital individuals. This resulted in a sample size of 895 trees. The data collection was started after growing season in 2012, six years after canopy release. Mathematical and statistical analysis Due to spatially nested plot design Mixed Models have been applied preferably. Depending on scale level of the response variable and given distribution type, Linear Mixed Models (LMM) or Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were used. Multinomial data with fixed order of response categories was analyzed with an extended logistic regression model, the Proportional Odds Logistic Regression (POLR). These calculations were implemented by statistical software R (version 3.0.1). Results • Growth and reaction of annual increment: Six years after the storm event there is no significant difference in height between beech trees on storm areas and such under shelterwood. However the annual increment of terminal shoot rose from the second year after release, so the trend of increment deviates significantly from beech trees under shelterwood. High stand density in advanced planting promotes height growth. Diameter growth benefits significantly more from release compared to height growth. So released beech trees showed significantly larger root collar diameters. Reaction of radial increment, which began immediately after release, was appropriately intensive. The thickest living branch shows synchronous trend of increment, but on a lower level. Regardless of canopy cover high stand densities delimitate diameter growth. The H/D-ratio demonstrated that beech trees under shelterwood and in high density stands showed more slender forms. There was no difference between the two developmental stages. • Branchiness and natural pruning: Six years after the loss of spruce canopy significantly greater branch diameters in combination with steeper branch angles were found on released beech trees. With increasing stand density in advanced planting the beeches showed finer branches while branch angles remain unaffected. ASIX and the density of living branches decreases appreciably for released trees only, so reached lower values than trees under shelterwood by stand densities off 8.500 pcs/ha and 6.000 pcs/ha, respectively. There was no difference of release effect between the developmental stages. Number of dead branches and bole-length without living branches however, were not affected by loss of canopy. However more dead branches were found on beeches in the opening. With increasing stand density in advanced planting, the number and diameter of dead branches and bole-length without living branches increased significantly. This was most distinct for beech stands that reached thicket-stage before release. • Stem- and crown shape, number of crop tree candidates: Six years after canopy-loss, released beeches showed significantly more steep branches and especially forks. Released stands before thicket-stage showed two to three times as likely deep-forks in relation to stands under spruce canopy. With increasing stand density in advanced planting the number of forks per trees decreased moderately, the proportion of deep-forks even rapidly. In consequence, regardless of the canopy cover, deep-forks only occurred marginally in beech stands after thicket-stage with at least 9.000 pcs./ha. The expert quality estimation confirms that on average about 60–70 % of beeches on KYRILL sites belong to a “fork type”, while under spruce shelterwood (very) good shapes dominate with about 90 %. With increasing stand density, the proportion of good shapes tends to increase, however not significantly. The estimated quality class showed a very high correlation with the modeled one, based on ASIX, branch angle and fork number per beech. The density of crop tree candidates under spruce canopy is basically six times as high as in released stands. However, regardless of shelterwood it increases significantly with stand density. Conclusion and silvicultural implication: Spruce canopy is of outstanding importance for quality and differentiation of advance planted beech. A moderate shelterwood is the appropriate compromise between vital growth and good quality development. Regardless of any other factors, a sudden and unplanned loss of canopy effects a loss of quality of shade adapted beech trees. Very good qualities, that means straight to top trees with fine, horizontally oriented branches and timely self-pruning, can only be achieved by combining of long-term shelterwood and stand densities in advanced planting of at least 6.000–8.000 pcs./ha. Compensation of the release effect through high stand density in advanced planting is only possible to a very limited extent. High intraspecific competition cannot replace the lack of shelterwood. Beech shapes were far worse than under shelterwood, even at the highest stand density. This applies regardless of the developmental stage of a beech stand. So closing of advanced planted beech stand (thicket-stage) does not prevent release related quality losses. However, plant densities from 8.000–9.000 pcs./ha ensure that deep fork formation in closed beech thickets is largely suppressed and a sufficient number of crop tree candidates is available, even after abrupt release. Once an abrupt loss of canopy above advanced planted beech has occurred, there are hardly any opportunities to actively engage in favor of beech quality. The only chance is maintenance of existing crop tree candidates and their consistent care. Therefore, for future forest conversion with beech, a site- and risk-differentiated approach is recommended for advanced planting. This should be based firstly on the stability of shelterwood. Only with high stand stability, the target of high-grade beech-timber is realistic, so costly beech plantings with high stand density mentioned above should be applied. For spruce stand with an obvious (very) high risk towards bark beetles and / or storms, an extensive advanced planting with reduced stand density is preferable. In terms of “Sustainability-conversion” this aims primarily on stabilizing forest ecosystems and increasing flexibility for future forest management (WAGNER 2007, 2008)
Maringer, Janet [Verfasser], and Giselher [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaule. "Resistance and resilience of European beech forests (Fagus sylvatica L.) after forest fire / Janet Maringer ; Betreuer: Giselher Kaule." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1124465898/34.
Full textHeath, James E. R. "Growth and water relations of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) in elevated atmospheric COâ†2." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360650.
Full textReiter, Ilja Marco. "Space-related resource investments and gains of adult beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) as a quantification of aboveground competitiveness." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973065451.
Full textDziedek, Christoph [Verfasser], and Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Härdtle. "Global change impacts on beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forestecosystems : the role and interaction of nitrogen and drought / Christoph Dziedek ; Betreuer: Werner Härdtle." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204255865/34.
Full textCavin, Liam. "Spatial and temporal patterns in the climate-growth relationships of Fagus sylvatica across Western Europe, and the effects on competition in mixed species forest." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19992.
Full textSeifert, Sarah [Verfasser], Reiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Finkeldey, and Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Polle. "Variation of candidate genes related to climate change in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) / Sarah Seifert. Gutachter: Reiner Finkeldey ; Andrea Polle. Betreuer: Reiner Finkeldey." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1043995897/34.
Full textMüller, Markus [Verfasser], Reiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Finkeldey, and Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Polle. "A candidate gene-based association study to investigate potentially adaptive genetic variation in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) : Eine Kandidatengen-basierte Assoziationsstudie zur Untersuchung potentiell adaptiver genetischer Variation bei der Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica L.) / Markus Müller. Gutachter: Reiner Finkeldey ; Andrea Polle. Betreuer: Reiner Finkeldey." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046987216/34.
Full textMüller, Markus M. [Verfasser], Reiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Finkeldey, and Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Polle. "A candidate gene-based association study to investigate potentially adaptive genetic variation in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) : Eine Kandidatengen-basierte Assoziationsstudie zur Untersuchung potentiell adaptiver genetischer Variation bei der Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica L.) / Markus Müller. Gutachter: Reiner Finkeldey ; Andrea Polle. Betreuer: Reiner Finkeldey." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E05-5-5.
Full textAkrami, Ali Verfasser], and Arno [Akademischer Betreuer] [Frühwald. "Development and Characterization of Oriented Strand Boards made from the European Hardwood Species : Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Poplar (Populus tremula L.) / Ali Akrami. Betreuer: Arno Frühwald." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1057001694/34.
Full textNguyen, Ngoc Quynh [Verfasser] [Akademischer Betreuer], Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Polle, Konstantin [Akademischer Betreuer] Krutovsky, and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Knohl. "Anatomical, physiological and molecular responses of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to drought / Ngoc Quynh Nguyen. Betreuer: Ngoc Quynh Nguyen. Gutachter: Andrea Polle ; Konstantin Krutovsky ; Alexander Knohl." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095233300/34.
Full textAkrami, Ali [Verfasser], and Arno [Akademischer Betreuer] Frühwald. "Development and Characterization of Oriented Strand Boards made from the European Hardwood Species : Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Poplar (Populus tremula L.) / Ali Akrami. Betreuer: Arno Frühwald." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1057001694/34.
Full textNguyen, Ngoc Quynh [Verfasser], Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Polle, Konstantin [Akademischer Betreuer] Krutovsky, and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Knohl. "Anatomical, physiological and molecular responses of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to drought / Ngoc Quynh Nguyen. Betreuer: Ngoc Quynh Nguyen. Gutachter: Andrea Polle ; Konstantin Krutovsky ; Alexander Knohl." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095233300/34.
Full textArnstadt, Tobias. "Die Rolle oxidativer Pilzenzyme für die Totholzzersetzung und die Zersetzungsdynamik von Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies und Pinus sylvestris." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-225002.
Full textIn forest ecosystems, deadwood is an important component that provides habitat and substrate for numerous organisms, contributes to the carbon and nutrient cycle as well as serves as a structural element. Overcoming the lignin barrier is a key process in deadwood degradation. Only specialized saprotrophic fungi of the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota developed different strategies – the rot types – to degrade lignin or to modify it in way, which allows them to get access to the polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses) that are incrusted within the lignocellulosic complex. In this context, basidiomycetous white rot fungi secreting oxidative enzymes (especially laccases and peroxidases) are of particular importance, since they are the only organisms that are able to substantially mineralize lignin to carbon dioxide (CO2). Although lignin degradation is such an important process for deadwood degradation, oxidative enzyme activities have been only poorly studied under natural conditions in deadwood. The aim of this work was to verify the importance of oxidative enzymes for deadwood degradation in the field, to describe their temporal and spatial patterns of occurrence and to identify dependencies from deadwood variables as well as from the fungal community within and on deadwood. Furthermore, the changes of different deadwood variables were studied over the whole period of degradation and compared among three tree species. Last but not least, the influence of forest management intensity on the process of deadwood degradation was evaluated. Therefor, 197 logs of naturally occurring deadwood (coarse woody debris, CWD) of Fagus sylvatica (European beech), Picea abies (Norway spruce) and Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) were monitored and sampled in forests with different management regimes across three regions in Germany. A total of 735 samples were taken from the logs and analyzed regarding activities of laccase (Lacc), general peroxidase (GenP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP). Wood density, water content, content of lignin and extractives as well as of nutrients and metals (N, Al, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn und Zn) were determined in the samples, too. The fungal community was assessed based on sporocarps (fruiting bodies) and molecular fingerprints (F-ARISA). Oxidative enzyme activities were present in 79 % of all samples. The activities were found to be highly variable both regarding the time course of degradation and their distribution within the logs. Activities were generally higher in wood samples of F. sylvatica than in samples of conifers. Linear and logistic models revealed that the fungal community structure was the most important determinant for oxidative enzyme activities in the samples, followed by the amount of water-soluble lignin fragments. Moreover, the prevalent acidic pH determined in deadwood was suitable to facilitate the function of laccase and peroxidases. Concentrations of metals (manganese, copper, iron) were sufficient to ensure synthesis and functioning of the enzymes. Deadwood-dwelling fungi turned out to be well adapted to low nitrogen concentrations and thus, an elevated nitrogen deposition over a period of two years did not affect the oxidative enzyme activities. The pH as well as the content of lignin, extractives and nutrients significantly differed among the tree species; however, their trend over the course of degradation was rather similar. Molecular species richness (determined by F-ARISA as OTUs) increased over the whole course of degradation, while the number of fruiting species was highest in the intermediate stage of degradation. Both types of species richness increased with increasing volume of the CWD logs. Over the entire degradation period, white rot fungi – based on the identification of sporocarps – were the most abundant group of wood rot fungi in and on all three tree species. This corresponds well with the overall presence of oxidative enzyme activities. During degradation, the mass-related content of lignin, extractives and nutrients frequently increased, although the volume-related content decreased. The pH of all three tree species decreased in deadwood over the whole period of degradation. Higher forest management intensity had a negative effect on the log volume of deadwood and in consequence on fungal species richness (fruiting bodies), but hardly to other analyzed variables. Based on the widespread occurrence of white rot fungi, the concomitant presence of oxidative enzyme activities as well as the substantial loss of lignin, it can be concluded that laccases and peroxidases are highly relevant for deadwood decomposition. Not least, the detected characteristic molecular size distribution of water-soluble lignin fragments points to a key role of Mn oxidizing peroxidases (MnPs) in enzymatic lignin degradation. The variable patterns of oxidative enzymes observed in wood samples is therefore the result of a complex array of wood variables and the fungal community structure, which will have to be resolved in more detail in future studies
Bubner, Ben [Verfasser], and Reinhard h. c. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hüttl. "Host specificity and biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) / Ben Bubner. Betreuer: Reinhard h.c. Hüttl." Cottbus : Universitätsbibliothek der BTU Cottbus, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036637999/34.
Full textStenudd, Stefan. "Colour Response in Drying of Nordic Hardwoods." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29011.
Full textRita, Horak. "Fiziološke adaptacije bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.), smrče (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) i jele (Abies alba Mill.) na sezonsko variranje abiotičkih činilaca u četiri zaštićena planinska staništa Republike Srbije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94215&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textDuring three vegetation seasons, physiologicalparameters, such as photosynthesis, transpiration,water use efficiency (WUE), as well as the parametersof bioproduction of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.),spruce (Picea abies (L.) Kartsen) and fir (Abies albaMill.) forest populations have been investigateddepending on different altitude mountain. Therelationship between the photosynthesis (andbioproduction) of plants and the slope of the mountainis also specified according to ecological parameters(water regime and temperature. The aim of thisresearch is to define physiological status of forestmountain ecosystems in relation to the ecologicalconditions and predict further trend of geographic shiftof the habitats, which is in correlation with the plantmorpho-physiological adaptation responses onenvironmental changes. Photosynthetic activityduring vegetation season was stable or increased inoptimal level of soil moisture conditions. On thelocalities of Tara and Kopaonik the quantity ofatmospheric precipitation did not play a determiningrole in the dynamics of photosynthetic assimilation ofCO2. On these localities soil moisture was high andstable as a result of water running off fromsurrounding mountains. Detected differences in thedynamics of photosynthesis of the tested species areresult of various lifecycles of deciduous andconiferous trees and various physiological adaptationstrategies. The most influential effects on thedynamics of the photosynthesis of the beech, spruceand fir plants during the vegetation season were thefollowing abiotic factors: average air temperaturebefore measuring, temperature on the day ofmeasuring, eight-week amount of averageprecipitation before measuring, amount ofprecipitation on the day of measuring and soilhumidity. The analysis of the physiological parametersof the beech populations of various mountain altitudesshow that even if beech is sensitive to draught it hasthe physiological potential to keep its vitality byefficient managing water. Effect of climatic changeswill be more expressed in forests that can be found onhigh altitude mountain reefs and peaks. Beech foreststolerate temperature and drought stress, but longperiods of poor precipitation cause the decrease ofCO2 assimilation which consequently decreases theirimportance in the global reduction of atmosphericCO2, i.e. limits their role in the moderation of climatechange.
Haesler, Felix. "Microbial biocontrol of the pathogen Phytophthora citricola in the rhizosphere of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) : impact of elevated O 3 and CO 2 on the antagonistic community structure and function." kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/645803/645803.pdf.
Full textMetz, Jérôme [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Ammer, Christian [Gutachter] Ammer, Ernst-Detlef [Gutachter] Schulze, and Alexander [Gutachter] Knohl. "The effect of neighborhood identity on seasonal tree growth responses and ecophysiological characteristics of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) / Jérôme Metz ; Gutachter: Christian Ammer, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Alexander Knohl ; Betreuer: Christian Ammer." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203372280/34.
Full textDurigan, Dalio Ronaldo J. [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Oßwald, Hardy [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfanz, and Dieter Richard [Akademischer Betreuer] Treutter. "Deciphering mechanisms of pathogenicity and resistance induction in the interaction between Phytophthora spp. and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) / Ronaldo J. Durigan Dalio. Gutachter: Hardy Pfanz ; Wolfgang Oßwald ; Dieter Richard Treutter. Betreuer: Wolfgang Oßwald." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034420844/34.
Full textScharnweber, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Dendroecology of Beech & Oak : past growth and future development - how climate, site conditions and strong environmental shifts influence growth performance of Fagus sylvatica (L.) and Quercus robur (L.) in northern Central-Europe / Tobias Scharnweber." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072509660/34.
Full textMubarok, Mahdi. "Valorization of beech wood through development of innovative and environmentally friendly chemical modification treatments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0141.
Full textIn this study, improvement of physical and biological durability properties of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) has been performed through different bulking impregnation treatments. The first modification was based on the impregnation of vinylic derivatives of glycerol or polyglycerol as additive followed with different thermal modification conditions in the opened system (OHT) or in the closed system (HPS). The second modification was based on the in-situ polyesterification of sorbitol and citric acid at different concentrations and curing temperatures in the opened system. Various physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological durability properties of the modified woods were evaluated, including certain properties during modification. The results have disclosed that certain treatments can improve significantly physical and biological durability properties of wood against decay (white rot, brown rot, and soft rot fungi) and termites attacks in comparison to untreated wood or thermally modified woods
Fruleux, Alexandre. "Développement racinaire du hêtre (Fagus sylvatica) en interaction avec d’autres espèces forestières et en fonction de la disponibilité en eau : conséquences sur la croissance et le fonctionnement hydrique et carboné." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0047/document.
Full textThe link between species diversity and ecosystem productivity is a central issue in ecology. Numerous studies have shown a positive relationship between forest diversity and productivity, as well as a greater resistance to various stresses such as droughts. On the other hand, few studies demonstrated the mechanisms behind the benefits observed in multi-species forests compared to monospecific ones. In particular, the role of belowground interactions among species in explaining the origin of positive effects of species diversity on ecosystem functioning is unknown. The aim of my PhD work was to study the influence of tree species interactions on the root development of beech (Fagus sylvatica) under different levels of water conditions. We showed that at the seedling stage, underground competition between beech, oak and pine was strong and that mixing these species could influence the growth of the beech. Water availability had a strong impact on the growth of beech seedlings, but the presence of seedlings of other species competing with beech did not particularly improve its response to drought. At the adult stage, in a forest plantation, we showed that maple trees competing with beech did not strongly modify the mean depth of soil water extraction of beech trees or the vertical distribution of beech roots. We conclude that (i) there was no separation of the underground ecological niches of these two species, both spatially and functionally (with respect to water acquisition), and (ii) that the mechanisms of belowground interaction between these two species do not seem to explain the origin of the higher productivity in the mixture than in the monoculture zone. Finally, the richest fungal communities were found in the mixed species zone: we hypothesize that greater fungal community richness in the mixture may improve water and nutrient acquisition and then contribute to higher productivity in the mixed species zone. My work suggests that underground interactions between beech and other forest species are probably not the main mechanism explaining beneficial effects of mixtures on productivity
Sjolund, M. Jennifer. "Interactions between natural and anthropogenic impacts on the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of European beech forests." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21657.
Full textBresson, Caroline. "Variations altitudinales de traits fonctionnels foliaires chez les arbres : déterminismes environnemental et génétique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14220/document.
Full textThe rapid climate change, which we are currently witnessing, is already modifying the physiology and distribution of species. Predictions of changes in species distributions do not take evolutionary mechanisms and biotic interactions into account. Our main objective was to assess the inherent adaptive capacities of tree populations by i) quantifying the phenotypic variations of functional traits with altitude and ii) studying the extent to which these variations are environmentally driven (phenotypic plasticity) and/or genetically fixed (adaptation). The study took place in the French Pyrenees along an altitudinal gradient range of 1500 m corresponding on average to 8°C of thermal amplitude. We focused on two broadleaved species with a wide European distribution (sessile oak and common beech). This gradient was repeated in two parallel valleys, distant from 30 km. Altitudinal trends were investigated for several morphological, physiological and phenological traits in natural conditions (in situ), in a common garden experiment and in reciprocal transplant experiments (RTEs). The phenotypic variability observed in situ showed significant altitudinal trends for all the studied traits and followed similar patterns for both species. We established that together with temperature, it was also necessary to integrate the variations of atmospheric gas partial pressure along the altitudinal gradient. In the common garden experiment, our results showed that the altitudinal gradient induced genetic differentiations for growth, leaf phenology and several morphological and physiological traits. This experiment made it possible to demonstrate, for both species, a weaker effect of genetic variations than in situ observed variations, suggesting a strong effect of the environment on leaf functional traits. A higher intrapopulation than interpopulation genetic variability was also observed for all traits. Finally, the reciprocal transplant experiments highlighted a high magnitude of phenotypic plasticity whatever the trait and the species
Ritter, Wilma [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Matyssek, Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] Beyschlag, and Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnyder. "Carbon and nitrogen allocation of juvenile and adult beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) trees under contrasting ozone exposure and competition: a 13C/12C and 15N/14N labeling approach / Wilma Ritter. Gutachter: Wolfram Beyschlag ; Johannes Schnyder ; Rainer Matyssek. Betreuer: Rainer Matyssek." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1055960511/34.
Full textRitter, Wilma Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Matyssek, Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] [Beyschlag, and Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnyder. "Carbon and nitrogen allocation of juvenile and adult beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) trees under contrasting ozone exposure and competition: a 13C/12C and 15N/14N labeling approach / Wilma Ritter. Gutachter: Wolfram Beyschlag ; Johannes Schnyder ; Rainer Matyssek. Betreuer: Rainer Matyssek." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20110120-982244-1-2.
Full textWinter, Susanne. "Ermittlung von Struktur-Indikatoren zur Abschätzung des Einflusses forstlicher Bewirtschaftung auf die Biozönosen von Tiefland-Buchenwäldern." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1129722204456-76128.
Full textBeech forests are the most important natural vegetation type of Germany,and they are included in annex II of the EU-FFH-Directive,which requests nature conservation for the listed habitat types.High naturalness is necessary in managed forests (w-sites) to maintain the typical biocoenosis of forests near nature. But there is a lack of practicable/verified indicators to determine the degree of alteration managed forests have compared to natural forests. In >100 year old and ~40 ha big lowland beech forests in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Brandenburg, 13 w-sites, 4 study sites which are unmanaged since <20 years (k-sites) and 3 sites which are unmanaged since >50 years (r50-sites) were investigated to answer these questions: What the differences are between w-, k- and r-sites according to forest structure, vegetation and carabids? Are there valid structural indicators with thresholds to assess the impact of forestry use on the biocoenosis of lowland beech forests? At grid points(distance 100 mx 100 m),on circular sample plots (SP) of 500 m² the structural data and on SP of 314 m² the vegetation was investigated. At five SP/study site a pitfall trap was installed during the entire vegetation period. On the whole study site the distribution of forest development phases (FDP) was mapped, and on full one ha plots the special structures were investigated. The following special structures were mapped e.g. Fomes fomentarius trees, crown and crotch breakage, substitute crowns, lightning shakes,gutters/rifts, cavities, mould and bark bag. These special structures have been derived from the habitat needs of the typical beech forest fauna.The results revealed tremendous differences between w- and r50-sites. The k-sites show no clear differences to the managed sites.In the r50-sites, the number of different FDP/ha and FDP units/ ha is significant higher than in w-sites. The timber stock of the r50-sites is ~600 m³/ha (terminal phase ~800 m³/ha, decay phase ~450³/ha). A characteristic feature of the r50-sites is the occurrence of trees with 80 cm bhd or more with reduced vitality. The timber trunk) qualities of r-sites differ only slightly from managed stands. In the r50-sites the dead wood volume (>142 m³/ha) is much higher than in the w-sites (max. 34 m³/ha). Many different features of dead wood occur only fragmentary within w-sites. About 40 % of the dead wood objects have no "dead wood neighbour" (r50-sites: <2 %), and the light distribution is much less diverse. In >100 years unmanaged r-sites ~12 different types of special structures and 200 single special structures occur per ha. 19 out of 20 special structures are significantly less frequent in w-sites; 11 special structures are specifically valuable to be used as naturalness indicators.Vegetation: In the herb layer occur higher coverage values, more (light-indicating) species, but only few species indicating ancient forests and a higher diversity index value. In w-sites, the occurrence of e. g. Calamagrostis epigeios, Impatiens parviflora and Rubus idaeus is supported. reduced. Threatened moss species are rare in w-sites compared to r-sites, since they mainly grow on laying dead wood, which is rare in forests in use, and on inclined/rough-barked stem bases. Ground beetles: The forestry use of lowland beech forests leads to less individuals and lower biomass of so-called mesophilous forest species. Furthermore, the number of flightless individuals is lower. As proper indicators for near-natural lowland beech forests, the three species Carabus glabratus, C. hortensis und Cychrus caraboides could be identified. Indicators: 29 structural indicators were identified and thresholds were given. But even in lowland beech forests managed in a conservation-friendly way, these target values for near-natural and natural forests are unlikely to be reached. Therefore, for w-sites special threshold values have been defined, which consider the inevitable difference between managed and natural forests
Nguyen, Ngoc Quynh. "Anatomical, physiological and molecular responses of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to drought." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-870F-5.
Full textDounavi, Aikaterini. "Familienstrukturen in Buchenbeständen (Fagus sylvatica)." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B1A7-8.
Full textVobořilová, Veronika. "Faktory ovlivňující šíření buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica) na výsypce." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312243.
Full textSeifert, Sarah. "Variation of candidate genes related to climate change in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B154-4.
Full textCuervo, Alarcon Laura Carolina. "Genetic analysis of European beech populations across precipitation gradients: understanding the adaptive potential to climate change." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E27-A.
Full textRajsnerová, Petra. "The effect of carbohydrate accumulation and nitrogen deficiency on photosynthetic down-regulation in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) under elevated CO2 concentration." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-151488.
Full textWeidig, Johannes. "Qualitätsentwicklung von Buchenvoranbauten (Fagus sylvatica L.) nach unplanmäßigem, sturmbedingtem Verlust des Fichtenschirms." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29666.
Full textBackround and Objectives In the course of forest conversion European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is introduced in spruce monocultures by advanced planting. Management of beech stands aims mostly on production the of high quality timber. In this context, the shelterwood of spruce officiates as an instrument for controlling resource availability and thus to qualify advanced planted beech. But because of low-thinning treatment in past, most spruce stands do not provide suitable conditions for long-term shelterwood with regard to their missing stability. The situation of forest damage due to periodic windthrow events illustrate this impressively and show need for action. Therefore, the present study analyzed the consequences of an unplanned, storm-related loss of canopy for growth and quality of advanced planted beech. In this context, the influence of stand density and developmental stage of advanced regeneration will be examined as well. Material and Methods In two model regions "Thuringian Forest” (middle of Germany) and "Saxon Oremountains” (East of Germany) quality investigations (cf. BÖRNER ET AL. 2003) were carried out on a total of 29 advanced planted beech stands. In 17 of these stands the spruce canopy was mostly completely thrown by hurricane KYRILL in January of 2007. Thus, the beech trees have grown without shelter since then. The other advanced regeneration stands are still under spruce canopy and serve as a reference for growth and quality. A developmental stage (before or after thicket-stage) was designated to each advanced planting site in reference to the time of overhead canopy release. For representative and objective definition of experimental plots a grid-based plotdesign was used. The square grid with distance of 20 m was calibrated by GPS in the field. The grid inter-sections built the centers of 19.95 m² circular sample areas (plot radius 2.52 m). Data was collected on a total of 204 representative plots. On each plot, the number of beech plants was collected and extrapolated to hectare values. In addition, the canopy closure was also estimated for reference plots within the sample plots. For data collection only plots with moderate canopy closure were included (maximum area of canopy gaps: one crown projection). Data collection was carried out at maximum of six highest trees per plot. Thus it is concentrated on (pre-) dominant and therefore most vital individuals. This resulted in a sample size of 895 trees. The data collection was started after growing season in 2012, six years after canopy release. Mathematical and statistical analysis Due to spatially nested plot design Mixed Models have been applied preferably. Depending on scale level of the response variable and given distribution type, Linear Mixed Models (LMM) or Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were used. Multinomial data with fixed order of response categories was analyzed with an extended logistic regression model, the Proportional Odds Logistic Regression (POLR). These calculations were implemented by statistical software R (version 3.0.1). Results • Growth and reaction of annual increment: Six years after the storm event there is no significant difference in height between beech trees on storm areas and such under shelterwood. However the annual increment of terminal shoot rose from the second year after release, so the trend of increment deviates significantly from beech trees under shelterwood. High stand density in advanced planting promotes height growth. Diameter growth benefits significantly more from release compared to height growth. So released beech trees showed significantly larger root collar diameters. Reaction of radial increment, which began immediately after release, was appropriately intensive. The thickest living branch shows synchronous trend of increment, but on a lower level. Regardless of canopy cover high stand densities delimitate diameter growth. The H/D-ratio demonstrated that beech trees under shelterwood and in high density stands showed more slender forms. There was no difference between the two developmental stages. • Branchiness and natural pruning: Six years after the loss of spruce canopy significantly greater branch diameters in combination with steeper branch angles were found on released beech trees. With increasing stand density in advanced planting the beeches showed finer branches while branch angles remain unaffected. ASIX and the density of living branches decreases appreciably for released trees only, so reached lower values than trees under shelterwood by stand densities off 8.500 pcs/ha and 6.000 pcs/ha, respectively. There was no difference of release effect between the developmental stages. Number of dead branches and bole-length without living branches however, were not affected by loss of canopy. However more dead branches were found on beeches in the opening. With increasing stand density in advanced planting, the number and diameter of dead branches and bole-length without living branches increased significantly. This was most distinct for beech stands that reached thicket-stage before release. • Stem- and crown shape, number of crop tree candidates: Six years after canopy-loss, released beeches showed significantly more steep branches and especially forks. Released stands before thicket-stage showed two to three times as likely deep-forks in relation to stands under spruce canopy. With increasing stand density in advanced planting the number of forks per trees decreased moderately, the proportion of deep-forks even rapidly. In consequence, regardless of the canopy cover, deep-forks only occurred marginally in beech stands after thicket-stage with at least 9.000 pcs./ha. The expert quality estimation confirms that on average about 60–70 % of beeches on KYRILL sites belong to a “fork type”, while under spruce shelterwood (very) good shapes dominate with about 90 %. With increasing stand density, the proportion of good shapes tends to increase, however not significantly. The estimated quality class showed a very high correlation with the modeled one, based on ASIX, branch angle and fork number per beech. The density of crop tree candidates under spruce canopy is basically six times as high as in released stands. However, regardless of shelterwood it increases significantly with stand density. Conclusion and silvicultural implication: Spruce canopy is of outstanding importance for quality and differentiation of advance planted beech. A moderate shelterwood is the appropriate compromise between vital growth and good quality development. Regardless of any other factors, a sudden and unplanned loss of canopy effects a loss of quality of shade adapted beech trees. Very good qualities, that means straight to top trees with fine, horizontally oriented branches and timely self-pruning, can only be achieved by combining of long-term shelterwood and stand densities in advanced planting of at least 6.000–8.000 pcs./ha. Compensation of the release effect through high stand density in advanced planting is only possible to a very limited extent. High intraspecific competition cannot replace the lack of shelterwood. Beech shapes were far worse than under shelterwood, even at the highest stand density. This applies regardless of the developmental stage of a beech stand. So closing of advanced planted beech stand (thicket-stage) does not prevent release related quality losses. However, plant densities from 8.000–9.000 pcs./ha ensure that deep fork formation in closed beech thickets is largely suppressed and a sufficient number of crop tree candidates is available, even after abrupt release. Once an abrupt loss of canopy above advanced planted beech has occurred, there are hardly any opportunities to actively engage in favor of beech quality. The only chance is maintenance of existing crop tree candidates and their consistent care. Therefore, for future forest conversion with beech, a site- and risk-differentiated approach is recommended for advanced planting. This should be based firstly on the stability of shelterwood. Only with high stand stability, the target of high-grade beech-timber is realistic, so costly beech plantings with high stand density mentioned above should be applied. For spruce stand with an obvious (very) high risk towards bark beetles and / or storms, an extensive advanced planting with reduced stand density is preferable. In terms of “Sustainability-conversion” this aims primarily on stabilizing forest ecosystems and increasing flexibility for future forest management (WAGNER 2007, 2008).
Müller, Markus. "A candidate gene-based association study to investigate potentially adaptive genetic variation in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E05-5.
Full textHEJNA, Ondřej. "Diverzita ektomykorhizních hub ve vybraných bučinách Blanského lesa." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-166298.
Full textMetz, Jérôme. "The effect of neighborhood identity on seasonal tree growth responses and ecophysiological characteristics of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-12F2-5.
Full textXystrakis, Fotios [Verfasser]. "The drought tolerance limit of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands on Mt. Olympus, NC Greece / by Fotios Xystrakis." 2009. http://d-nb.info/999999389/34.
Full textKnutzen, Florian. "Response of European beech to decreasing summer precipitation under global climate change." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-87C5-7.
Full textFerner, Eleni [Verfasser]. "Effects of flooding on the carbon metabolism of beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) and oak (Quercus robur, L.) / by Eleni Ferner." 2009. http://d-nb.info/995500924/34.
Full textLöw, Markus [Verfasser]. "Sensitivity of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in mature beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to ambient or experimentally enhanced ozone regimes / Markus Löw." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985084871/34.
Full textFiebelkorn, Gerlind. "Untersuchungen zum anatomischen, physiologischen und molekularbiologischen Abwehrverhalten an gesunden und geschädigten Buchen (Fagus sylvatica L.) mit der Symptomatik „Buchenkomplexkrankheit”." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AC3F-A.
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